Traffic infrastructure construction carbon accounting method and system based on multi-dimensional nestable framework

Abstract

The invention provides a traffic infrastructure construction carbon accounting method based on a multi-dimensional nestable framework. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework; the multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework structure comprises three dimensions of accounting items, a carbon emission range and life cycles, each accounting item is arranged corresponding to the corresponding life cycle, and the accounting items and the life cycles are of nested structures; according to the multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework, determining a carbon emission calculation method of each emission unit in traffic infrastructure construction; according to the multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework and the carbon emission calculation method, determining a carbon accounting boundary and a carbon accounting model corresponding to each accounting dimension; collecting the carbon emission data to realize each accounting purpose, and calculating to obtain the carbon emission data in the traffic infrastructure construction of the corresponding dimension accounting; by constructing a multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework, carbon emission calculation of different levels and different stages is realized, and the multi-dimensional and multi-scene metering requirements are met, so that the applicability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of carbon emission technology, and in particular to a carbon accounting method and system for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested framework. Background Art

[0002] The life cycle of transportation infrastructure mainly includes different stages, such as planning and design stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and demolition stage. Among them, the construction stage is the main link in the life cycle of transportation infrastructure. Although this stage lasts shorter than the operation and maintenance stage, a large amount of resources and energy are consumed in this stage, thus generating a large amount of carbon emissions.

[0003] A carbon emission calculation method and system for the municipal infrastructure construction stage, with publication number CN117132437A, is applied to a carbon emission monitoring platform, and the method includes: obtaining driving records of target freight vehicles in freight routes; generating a speed curve of the target freight vehicles based on the driving records; dividing the freight route into multiple sections according to the speed curve, wherein one section corresponds to an average speed and one section corresponds to a path length; matching the average speed of the first section with a preset carbon emission index table to obtain the carbon emission index corresponding to the first section; calculating the carbon emissions of the first section using a carbon emission calculation formula according to the carbon emission index and path length corresponding to the first section, and reflecting the traffic conditions in different regions with the average speed of freight vehicles, and then adjusting the carbon emission index in the carbon emission calculation formula according to different average speeds, thereby realizing the calculation of carbon emissions of each freight vehicle in the freight vehicle.

[0004] Most of the existing carbon emission accounting frameworks for transportation infrastructure are based on the accounting of a single highway throughout its entire life cycle, resulting in a lack of connection between regions, road network projects, highway projects, unit projects, and emission units. The accounting accuracy is low and it cannot reflect the carbon emission data structure. As a result, the existing carbon emission calculation methods for transportation infrastructure construction activities cannot meet the measurement needs of multiple dimensions and scenarios, thereby reducing their applicability. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a carbon accounting method and system for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested framework. By constructing a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework, accurate calculation and analysis of carbon emissions at different levels and stages are achieved, meeting the measurement needs of multiple dimensions and scenarios, thereby improving applicability.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: In the first aspect, the present invention provides a carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nestable framework, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, establishing a multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework; the multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework structure includes three dimensions: accounting items, carbon emission scope and life cycle, each accounting item is set corresponding to the corresponding life cycle, and both the accounting items and the life cycle are nested structures;

[0008] S2, based on the multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework, determine the carbon emission calculation method for each emission unit in the construction of transportation infrastructure;

[0009] S3, based on the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework and carbon emission calculation method, determine the carbon accounting boundary and carbon accounting model corresponding to each accounting dimension;

[0010] S4, collect carbon emission data, achieve various accounting purposes, and calculate the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction of the corresponding dimensions;

[0011] S5, calculates and obtains evaluation indicators based on the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction, and evaluates the environmental protection degree of the transportation infrastructure construction based on the evaluation indicators.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical solutions, preferably, the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework structure uses road network engineering as an accounting project, and the road network engineering accounting project includes a number of road accounting projects, whose corresponding life cycle is the transportation infrastructure life cycle, and the transportation infrastructure life cycle includes planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition sub-cycle stages.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, each road accounting project includes multiple project projects, corresponding life cycles and carbon emission ranges, and the accounting projects include temporary projects, roadbed projects, pavement projects, bridge and culvert projects, tunnel projects, intersection projects, traffic projects and facilities along the line and greening and environmental protection projects; the life cycle of each unit project includes the material production stage, material transportation stage, construction stage and completion and delivery stage, and the carbon emission range of the transportation infrastructure construction stage is based on the GHG-Protocol setting for greenhouse gases, and the carbon emission range is divided into scope one, scope two and scope three.

[0014] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the carbon emission calculation method in step S2 adopts the emission factor method, and its carbon emission is the product of activity data and the corresponding carbon emission factor, and the calculation formula is:

[0015] E=U×F

[0016] Where E is the total carbon emissions during the entire construction life cycle of transportation infrastructure; U is the activity matrix, which represents the activity data of greenhouse gases generated by each emission unit. The emission unit is the most basic unit determined to quantify input and output data when calculating carbon emissions. The emission units are divided into materials, machinery, personnel and energy categories; F is the carbon emission factor matrix.

[0017] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the step S3 determines the carbon accounting boundary and carbon accounting model corresponding to each accounting dimension according to the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework and the carbon emission calculation method, which includes the following sub-steps:

[0018] S31, based on the accounting project dimension, taking each road network construction sub-project as the accounting unit, calculate the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction;

[0019] S32, based on the construction life cycle dimension, taking each stage of the construction life cycle as the accounting unit, calculate the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction;

[0020] S33, based on the carbon emission range dimension, calculate the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction using the carbon emission range.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the step S31 includes the following sub-steps: calculating the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction based on the accounting project dimension and taking each road network construction sub-project as the accounting unit:

[0022] The total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction is the sum of the carbon emissions of each unit project, and the calculation formula is:

[0023]

[0024] Where E is the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction; j is the number of road network construction projects, j = 1, 2, 3, ..., g; E j is the carbon emission of the jth road network construction project;

[0025] In the transportation infrastructure construction stage, each unit project uses personnel, materials, machinery and energy as emission units to calculate the carbon emissions of the unit project. The expression is:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, E j is the carbon emission of the jth road network construction subproject, l is the worker category, l = 1, 2, 3, ..., z; N l is the labor amount, fl is the per capita carbon emission intensity of life, m is the type of material, m = 1, 2, 3, ..., n; Q m is the consumption of the mth material; f m is the carbon emission factor of the mth material; u is the type of construction machinery and equipment, u = 1, 2, 3, ..., v; N u is the number of shifts of the uth type of construction machinery and equipment; f u is the mechanical carbon emission factor of the u-th type of construction machinery and equipment; e is the energy type, e = 1, 2, 3, ..., f; Q e is the energy consumption of the e-th type of construction, office and residential premises; f e is the energy carbon emission factor corresponding to the e-th energy consumption.

[0028] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the total carbon emissions in the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction are calculated according to the construction life cycle dimension in step S32, taking each stage of the construction life cycle as the accounting unit, which includes the following sub-steps:

[0029] The construction life cycle includes the material production stage, the material transportation stage, the construction stage and the completion and delivery stage;

[0030] Based on the calculation units of each stage of the construction life cycle, the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction are calculated as follows:

[0031] E=E Ⅰ +E Ⅱ +E Ⅲ +E Ⅳ

[0032] Where E is the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction, E Ⅰ is the carbon emission in the material production stage, E Ⅱ E is the carbon emission in the material transportation stage; Ⅲ E is the carbon emissions during the construction phase; Ⅳ Carbon emissions during the completion and delivery phase;

[0033] The energy consumption and carbon emissions in the material production stage are the total energy consumption and carbon emissions generated by all upstream processes and activities before the material is used and processed, including the emissions of energy consumed in producing each unit of product and the emissions of raw materials used in producing each unit of product. Its life cycle stage includes the raw material acquisition, processing, production and delivery stages of building materials;

[0034] The calculation expression for the material production stage is:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, E Ⅰ is the carbon emission in the material production stage; m is the type of material, m = 1, 2, 3...n; Q m is the consumption of the mth material; f m is the carbon emission factor of the mth material;

[0037] The material transportation stage is the process of using transport vehicles to transport building materials from the source to the construction site warehouse or designated stacking location before the project construction begins. It is divided into raw material transportation and mixed material transportation;

[0038] The calculation expression for the material transportation stage is:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, E Ⅱ is the carbon emission in the material transportation stage; t is the vehicle type, t = 1, 2, 3...s; m is the material type, m = 1, 2, 3...n; D m Q is the distance transported by vehicle t to transport material m; m is the consumption of the required transport material m; f t is the transport carbon emission factor, expressed as the carbon emission generated per kilometer of transport vehicle t transporting unit weight of material m;

[0041] Carbon emissions during the construction phase include energy consumption and emissions from the operation of construction machinery, temporary energy use at the construction site, energy consumption in construction offices and residences, and carbon emissions from the activities of construction and office personnel;

[0042] The calculation expression for the construction phase is:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, E Ⅲ is the carbon emission during the construction phase; u is the type of construction machinery and equipment, u = 1, 2, 3...v; N u is the number of shifts of the uth type of construction machinery and equipment; f u is the mechanical carbon emission factor of the u-th type of construction machinery and equipment, e is the energy type, e = 1, 2, 3...f; Q e is the energy consumption of the e-th type of construction, office and residential premises; f e is the energy carbon emission factor corresponding to the e-th energy consumption, l is the worker category, l = 1, 2, 3...s; N l is the labor amount, f l is the per capita carbon emission intensity of life;

[0045] Carbon emissions during the completion and delivery phase include waste disposal, which is the carbon emissions generated by diesel consumption by transportation vehicles during the transportation of construction waste from the site to the waste disposal site;

[0046] The calculation expression for the completion and delivery stage is:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, E Ⅳ is the carbon emission in the completion and delivery stage; t is the vehicle type, t = 1, 2, 3...s; p is the waste type, p = 1, 2, 3...q; D p Q is the distance that the transport vehicle t transports the unit weight of waste p; p is the weight of the waste p to be transported; f t is the transport carbon emission factor.

[0049] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the step S33 includes the following sub-steps:

[0050] The carbon emission scope dimension includes scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3;

[0051] Based on carbon emission scopes 1, 2 and 3, the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction are calculated as follows:

[0052] E=E 1 +E 2 +E 3

[0053] Where E is the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction; E 1 E is the scope 1 carbon emissions; 2 E is the scope 2 carbon emissions; 3 This is scope 3 carbon emissions.

[0054] Carbon emission scope 1 includes carbon emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels required for construction personnel, materials, machinery preparation and transportation, site treatment, and the use of construction machinery and equipment;

[0055] The calculation expression for carbon emission scope 1 is:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, E 1 is the scope 1 carbon emissions; N u 1 is the shift capacity of the uth machine using fossil fuels; uis the mechanical carbon emission factor of the uth type of construction machinery and equipment; D m Q is the distance transported by vehicle t to transport material m; m is the consumption of the required transport material m; D p Q is the distance that the transport vehicle t transports the unit weight of waste p; p is the weight of the waste p to be transported; f t is the transport carbon emission factor;

[0058] Scope 2 carbon emissions include carbon emissions generated in the production process from purchased electricity, heat and fuels;

[0059] The calculation expression for carbon emission scope 2 is:

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, E 2 is the carbon emissions in scope 2; e is the energy type, e=1, 2, 3...f; u is the type of construction machinery and equipment, u=1, 2, 3...v; N u 2 is the shift capacity of the uth mechanical equipment using purchased electricity; Q e is the energy consumption of the e-th type of construction, office and residential premises; f e is the energy carbon emission factor corresponding to the e-th energy consumption;

[0062] Scope 3 carbon emissions include all other carbon emissions from materials, machinery and equipment production in construction activities that are not included in scopes 1 and 2;

[0063] The calculation expression for carbon emission scope 3 is:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, E 3 is the carbon emission in scope 3; m is the type of material, m = 1, 2, 3...n; Q m is the consumption of the mth material; f m is the carbon emission factor of the mth material; N l is the labor quantity; f l is the per capita carbon emission intensity of life.

[0066] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, in step S4, the evaluation index is calculated based on the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction, and the environmental protection degree of the transportation infrastructure construction is evaluated based on the evaluation index, wherein the calculation expression of the evaluation index is:

[0067]

[0068] Where I is the carbon emission intensity of transportation infrastructure; E is the total carbon emissions at each stage of the construction sub-life cycle of the entire life cycle of transportation infrastructure; A is the engineering volume of the transportation infrastructure construction project;

[0069] An evaluation threshold is preset, and the carbon emission intensity of the transportation infrastructure is compared with the evaluation threshold. If the carbon emission intensity of the transportation infrastructure is less than the evaluation threshold, then the transportation infrastructure construction complies with green and environmentally friendly construction; otherwise, it does not comply with green and environmentally friendly construction.

[0070] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a carbon accounting system for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested framework, which is implemented by the carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested framework as described above, and the system includes:

[0071] A framework construction module is used to establish a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework; the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework structure includes three dimensions: accounting items, carbon emission scope and life cycle, each accounting item is set corresponding to the corresponding life cycle, and both the accounting items and the life cycle are nested structures;

[0072] A calculation and determination module is used to determine the carbon emission calculation method of each emission unit in the construction of transportation infrastructure according to a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework;

[0073] Modeling module, used to determine the carbon accounting boundary and carbon accounting model corresponding to each accounting dimension based on the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework and carbon emission calculation method;

[0074] The accounting module is used to collect carbon emission data, achieve various accounting purposes, and calculate the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction in the corresponding dimensions;

[0075] The evaluation module is used to calculate the evaluation index based on the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction, and evaluate the environmental protection degree of the transportation infrastructure construction according to the evaluation index.

[0076] The carbon accounting method and system for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested framework of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0077] (1) By constructing a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework, it is possible to accurately calculate the carbon emissions of each emission unit in transportation infrastructure construction activities. The framework takes accounting items, carbon emission scope and life cycle as three dimensions, and introduces a nested structure, so that accounting items can be divided into sub-items, and life cycle stages can be divided into sub-stage processes, thus meeting the carbon emission measurement needs at different levels and in different scenarios;

[0078] (2) By subdividing accounting items and life cycle stages and clarifying the carbon emission calculation method of each emission unit, it is possible to more accurately assess the carbon emissions in transportation infrastructure construction activities and provide a scientific basis for formulating emission reduction measures;

[0079] (3) By calculating the carbon emission intensity evaluation index of transportation infrastructure, the environmental protection degree of transportation infrastructure construction can be objectively evaluated. The smaller the index is, the less carbon emissions per unit of construction volume of the transportation infrastructure construction project during the construction phase, and the higher the level of green construction, which helps promote the green construction of transportation infrastructure and reduce the impact on the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0080] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0081] Figure 1 A flow chart of the carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction of the multi-dimensional nestable framework of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the framework of the carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction of the multi-dimensional nested framework of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction of the multi-dimensional nested framework of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0085] First, as Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested framework, comprising the following steps:

[0086] S1, establishing a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework; the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework structure includes three dimensions: accounting items, carbon emission scope and life cycle. Each accounting item is set corresponding to the corresponding life cycle, and both the accounting items and the life cycle are nested structures.

[0087] Among them, the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework structure takes road network engineering as the accounting project, and the road network engineering accounting project includes a number of road accounting projects, whose corresponding life cycle is the transportation infrastructure life cycle, and the transportation infrastructure life cycle includes planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition sub-cycle stages.

[0088] In addition, each road accounting project includes multiple project projects, corresponding life cycles and carbon emission ranges. The accounting projects include temporary projects, roadbed projects, pavement projects, bridge and culvert projects, tunnel projects, intersection projects, traffic projects, facilities along the line, and greening and environmental protection projects. The life cycle of each unit project includes the material production stage, material transportation stage, construction stage, and completion and delivery stage. The carbon emission range of the transportation infrastructure construction stage is based on the GHG-Protocol's settings for greenhouse gases, and the carbon emission range is divided into scope one, scope two, and scope three.

[0089] It should be noted that the road network project is taken as the top-level accounting project, covering multiple road accounting projects, so that the accounting can be carried out for the entire road network or a single road, meeting the accounting needs at different levels. Each road accounting project is further subdivided into multiple road network construction projects, and each road network construction project includes unit projects such as roadbed engineering, pavement engineering and temporary engineering, so that the accounting can go deep into the specific construction links, improving the accuracy of the accounting. Among them, the whole life cycle of transportation infrastructure is divided into four sub-cycle stages: planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition, covering the transportation infrastructure from The entire process from planning to abandonment ensures the continuity of carbon emission accounting. During the construction life cycle, it is further subdivided into material production, material transportation, construction and completion delivery stages, so that the accounting can accurately reflect the carbon emissions at each stage, which is conducive to identifying the hot spots of carbon emissions. According to the settings of GHG-Protocol, the carbon emission scope is divided into scope one, scope two and scope three. This classification covers direct emissions and indirect emissions, ensuring the comprehensiveness of carbon emission accounting. In each accounting project, the corresponding carbon emission scope is clearly defined, making the accounting results more accurate and reliable.

[0090] Moreover, depending on the accounting project, the corresponding full life cycle is different; accounting projects can be divided into sub-projects, and life cycle stages can be divided into sub-stage processes. Accounting projects and life cycles can be nested to clearly reflect the carbon emission data structure. By adopting a nested structure for both accounting projects and life cycles, accounting can be flexibly adjusted according to different needs. The level and depth of accounting can be selected according to the scale, complexity or accounting purpose of the project. This framework structure enables accounting to easily cope with project changes or expansions, improving the adaptability and flexibility of accounting. At the same time, through a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework, carbon emission data under each accounting dimension can be easily aggregated, which not only helps to form a complete carbon emission database, but also provides strong data support for subsequent carbon emission analysis and management.

[0091] In this embodiment, a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework is established in the carbon emission accounting of transportation infrastructure construction, which not only improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the accounting, but also enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the accounting, and effectively monitors and manages the carbon emissions of transportation infrastructure construction.

[0092] S2. Determine the carbon emission calculation method for each emission unit in transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework.

[0093] The carbon emission calculation method in step S2 adopts the emission factor method, and its carbon emission is the product of activity data and the corresponding carbon emission factor, and the calculation formula is:

[0094] E=U×F

[0095] Where E is the total carbon emissions during the entire construction life cycle of transportation infrastructure; U is the activity matrix, which represents the activity data of greenhouse gases generated by each emission unit. The emission unit is the most basic unit determined to quantify input and output data when calculating carbon emissions. The emission units are divided into materials, machinery, personnel and energy categories; F is the carbon emission factor matrix.

[0096] It should be noted that transportation infrastructure construction activities require a large amount of materials and energy. The operation of construction machinery and transport vehicles will cause a large amount of energy consumption and generate carbon emissions. In this embodiment, the carbon emission calculation adopts the emission factor method, and its carbon emissions are the product of activity data and the corresponding carbon emission factor. Among them, the emission unit is the most basic unit determined to quantify the input and output data when calculating carbon emissions. In this embodiment, the emission units are divided into four categories: materials, machinery, personnel, and energy.

[0097] This embodiment provides a systematic carbon emission calculation method by clarifying the expression of the carbon emission calculation equation and the division of emission units, which can meet the carbon emission calculation needs of different types of transportation infrastructure construction activities.

[0098] S3. Determine the carbon accounting boundaries and carbon accounting models corresponding to each accounting dimension based on the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework and carbon emission calculation method.

[0099] Step S3 includes the following sub-steps:

[0100] S31, based on the accounting project dimension, taking each road network construction sub-project as the accounting unit, calculate the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction;

[0101] S32, based on the construction life cycle dimension, taking each stage of the construction life cycle as the accounting unit, calculate the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction;

[0102] S33, based on the carbon emission range dimension, calculate the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction using the carbon emission range.

[0103] It should be noted that based on the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework and the carbon emission calculation equations of each emission unit, the carbon accounting boundaries and carbon accounting models corresponding to each accounting dimension are established. The accounting models of different dimensions can accurately calculate the carbon emission data in the construction of transportation infrastructure. The data includes not only the total carbon emissions, but also the carbon emissions at each stage and the carbon emissions information of each emission unit, thereby realizing the comprehensive and accurate accounting of carbon emissions of transportation infrastructure, and providing strong support for understanding the carbon emissions of transportation infrastructure.

[0104] Among them, taking each road network construction project as the accounting unit can clearly reflect the carbon emissions of each unit project during the entire construction cycle of the transportation infrastructure. By calculating the total carbon emissions of each unit project, the carbon emission differences between different unit projects can be compared, thereby identifying unit projects with higher carbon emissions and providing data support for subsequent emission reduction measures. The refinement of the accounting project dimensions helps to realize flexible analysis of carbon emission data and meet the measurement needs of multiple dimensions and scenarios.

[0105] Using the activity data of each cycle stage and the corresponding carbon emission factors as the accounting units can comprehensively reflect the carbon emissions of transportation infrastructure during the construction process. By calculating the carbon emissions in each cycle stage, the stages with higher carbon emissions can be identified, so that targeted emission reduction measures can be formulated. The refinement of the life cycle dimension helps to achieve refined management of carbon emission data and improve emission reduction effects.

[0106] The carbon emission range dimension can comprehensively consider the direct and indirect emissions generated by transportation infrastructure during the construction process. By calculating the carbon emissions in each range, the carbon emission level of transportation infrastructure construction can be more accurately assessed. The refinement of the carbon emission range dimension will help achieve comprehensive coverage of carbon emission data and improve the accuracy and reliability of carbon emission accounting.

[0107] The step S31 calculates the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of the transportation infrastructure construction based on the accounting project dimension and taking each road network construction sub-project as the accounting unit, including the following sub-steps:

[0108] The total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction is the sum of the carbon emissions of each unit project, and the calculation formula is:

[0109]

[0110] Where E is the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction; j is the number of road network construction projects, j = 1, 2, 3, ..., g; E j is the carbon emission of the jth road network construction project;

[0111] In the transportation infrastructure construction stage, each unit project uses personnel, materials, machinery and energy as emission units to calculate the carbon emissions of the unit project. The expression is:

[0112]

[0113] In the formula, E j is the carbon emission of the jth road network construction subproject, l is the worker category, l = 1, 2, 3, ..., z; N l is the labor amount, f l is the per capita carbon emission intensity of life, m is the type of material, m = 1, 2, 3, ..., n; Q m is the consumption of the mth material; f m is the carbon emission factor of the mth material; u is the type of construction machinery and equipment, u = 1, 2, 3, ..., v; N u is the number of shifts of the uth type of construction machinery and equipment; f u is the mechanical carbon emission factor of the u-th type of construction machinery and equipment; e is the energy type, e = 1, 2, 3, ..., f; Q e is the energy consumption of the e-th type of construction, office and residential premises; f e is the energy carbon emission factor corresponding to the e-th energy consumption.

[0114] It should be noted that the accounting projects include temporary projects, roadbed projects, pavement projects, bridge and culvert projects, tunnel projects, intersection projects, traffic projects and facilities along the line, greening and environmental protection projects, other projects and other unit projects of infrastructure construction. The total carbon emissions during the transportation infrastructure construction phase are the sum of the emissions of each unit project. By refining the accounting units to each road network construction sub-project, we can more accurately capture the carbon emission characteristics of each sub-project, thereby providing more accurate data support for subsequent carbon emission reduction measures. Considering that multiple emission units such as materials, machinery, personnel and energy help to more comprehensively evaluate carbon emissions, by using specific calculation expressions, the carbon emissions of each sub-project can be accurately calculated based on the activity data of each emission unit and the corresponding carbon emission factor. This precise calculation method helps to improve the accuracy of the data and provide a reliable data basis for carbon emission management.

[0115] In step S32 of this embodiment, the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction are calculated based on the construction life cycle dimension, taking each stage of the construction life cycle as a calculation unit, which includes the following sub-steps:

[0116] The construction life cycle includes the material production stage, the material transportation stage, the construction stage and the completion and delivery stage;

[0117] Based on the calculation units of each stage of the construction life cycle, the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction are calculated as follows:

[0118] E=E Ⅰ +E Ⅱ +E Ⅲ +E Ⅳ

[0119] Where E is the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction, E Ⅰ is the carbon emission in the material production stage, E Ⅱ E is the carbon emission in the material transportation stage; Ⅲ E is the carbon emissions during the construction phase; Ⅳ Carbon emissions during the completion and delivery phase;

[0120] The energy consumption and carbon emissions in the material production stage are the total energy consumption and carbon emissions generated by all upstream processes and activities before the material is used and processed, including the emissions of energy consumed in producing each unit of product and the emissions of raw materials used in producing each unit of product. Its life cycle stage includes the raw material acquisition, processing, production and delivery stages of building materials;

[0121] The calculation expression for the material production stage is:

[0122]

[0123] In the formula, E Ⅰ is the carbon emission in the material production stage; m is the type of material, m = 1, 2, 3...n; Q m is the consumption of the mth material; f m is the carbon emission factor of the mth material;

[0124] The material transportation stage is the process of using transport vehicles to transport building materials from the source to the construction site warehouse or designated stacking location before the project construction begins. It is divided into raw material transportation and mixed material transportation;

[0125] The calculation expression for the material transportation stage is:

[0126]

[0127] In the formula, E Ⅱ is the carbon emission in the material transportation stage; t is the vehicle type, t = 1, 2, 3...s; m is the material type, m = 1, 2, 3...n; D m Q is the distance transported by vehicle t to transport material m; m is the consumption of the required transport material m; f t is the transport carbon emission factor, expressed as the carbon emission generated per kilometer of transport vehicle t transporting unit weight of material m;

[0128] Carbon emissions during the construction phase include energy consumption and emissions from the operation of construction machinery, temporary energy use at the construction site, energy consumption in construction offices and residences, and carbon emissions from the activities of construction and office personnel;

[0129] The calculation expression for the construction phase is:

[0130]

[0131] In the formula, E Ⅲ is the carbon emission during the construction phase; u is the type of construction machinery and equipment, u = 1, 2, 3...v; N u is the number of shifts of the uth type of construction machinery and equipment; f u is the mechanical carbon emission factor of the u-th type of construction machinery and equipment, e is the energy type, e = 1, 2, 3...f; Q e is the energy consumption of the e-th type of construction, office and residential premises; f e is the energy carbon emission factor corresponding to the e-th energy consumption, l is the worker category, l = 1, 2, 3...s; N l is the labor amount, f l is the per capita carbon emission intensity of life;

[0132] Carbon emissions during the completion and delivery phase include waste disposal, which is the carbon emissions generated by diesel consumption by transportation vehicles during the transportation of construction waste from the site to the waste disposal site;

[0133] The calculation expression for the completion and delivery stage is:

[0134]

[0135] In the formula, E Ⅳ is the carbon emission in the completion and delivery stage; t is the vehicle type, t = 1, 2, 3...s; p is the waste type, p = 1, 2, 3...q; D p Q is the distance that the transport vehicle t transports the unit weight of waste p; p is the weight of the waste p to be transported; f t is the transport carbon emission factor.

[0136] It should be noted that energy consumption and carbon emissions in the material production stage mainly refer to the total energy consumption and carbon emissions generated by all upstream processes and activities before the materials are used and processed. It consists of two parts: the emission of energy consumed in producing each unit of product, including direct emission of coal and natural gas and indirect emission of electricity, steam and oxygen; the emission of raw materials used in producing each unit of product, whose life cycle stage includes the acquisition, processing and production of raw materials of building materials until the product leaves the factory; the material transportation stage is the process of using transport vehicles to transport building materials from the source to the construction site warehouse or the designated stacking location at the construction site before the project construction begins, which is divided into two parts: raw material transportation and mixed material transportation; the carbon emissions in the construction stage are mainly composed of three parts: the operation of construction machinery, the energy consumption and emissions of construction machinery in various sub-projects such as floor engineering, pile and foundation engineering in the construction of transportation infrastructure; temporary energy use on site, energy consumption in construction office and residence, mainly including the energy consumption generated by the sheds, office places and other places where construction personnel work and live, such as heating and air conditioning power consumption, lighting power consumption, etc.; services in the construction process, that is, carbon emissions generated by the activities of construction and office personnel; the completion and delivery stage mainly considers the waste material treatment process, that is, the carbon emissions generated by the consumption of diesel by transportation vehicles during the transportation of construction waste from the location to the waste treatment site.

[0137] In this embodiment, the construction sub-life cycle is subdivided into four stages: material production, material transportation, construction and completion delivery. Detailed carbon emission calculation expressions are formulated for each stage, so that the carbon emissions of transportation infrastructure during the construction process can be more accurately evaluated, and strong support can be provided for subsequent carbon emission reduction strategies. By calculating the carbon emissions of each stage of the construction sub-life cycle in the entire life cycle of transportation infrastructure, the carbon emission contribution of each stage can be clearly understood; it is helpful for us to identify key areas and key links of carbon emissions, so as to formulate targeted carbon emission reduction measures, such as optimizing material selection, improving construction technology, and improving energy utilization efficiency for stages or links with higher carbon emissions to reduce carbon emissions.

[0138] In step S33 of this embodiment, the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of the transportation infrastructure construction are calculated based on the carbon emission range dimension, including the following sub-steps:

[0139] The carbon emission scope dimension includes scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3;

[0140] Based on carbon emission scopes 1, 2 and 3, the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction are calculated as follows:

[0141] E=E 1 +E 2 +E 3

[0142] Where E is the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction; E 1 E is the scope 1 carbon emissions; 2 E is the scope 2 carbon emissions; 3 This is scope 3 carbon emissions.

[0143] Carbon emission scope 1 includes carbon emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels required for construction personnel, materials, machinery preparation and transportation, site treatment, and the use of construction machinery and equipment;

[0144] The calculation expression for carbon emission scope 1 is:

[0145]

[0146] In the formula, E 1 is the scope 1 carbon emissions; N u 1 is the shift capacity of the uth machine using fossil fuels; u is the mechanical carbon emission factor of the uth type of construction machinery and equipment; D m is the transport distance of material m transported by transport vehicle t; Q m is the consumption of the required transport material m; Dp Q is the distance that the transport vehicle t transports the unit weight of waste p; p is the weight of the waste p to be transported; f t is the transport carbon emission factor;

[0147] Scope 2 carbon emissions include carbon emissions generated in the production process from purchased electricity, heat and fuels;

[0148] The calculation expression for carbon emission scope 2 is:

[0149]

[0150] In the formula, E 2 is the carbon emissions in scope 2; e is the energy type, e=1, 2, 3...f; u is the type of construction machinery and equipment, u=1, 2, 3...v; N u 2 is the shift capacity of the uth mechanical equipment using purchased electricity; Q e is the energy consumption of the e-th type of construction, office and residential premises; f e is the energy carbon emission factor corresponding to the e-th energy consumption;

[0151] Scope 3 carbon emissions include all other carbon emissions from materials, machinery and equipment production in construction activities that are not included in scopes 1 and 2;

[0152] The calculation expression for carbon emission scope 3 is:

[0153]

[0154] In the formula, E 3 is the carbon emission in scope 3; m is the type of material, m = 1, 2, 3...n; Q m is the consumption of the mth material; f m is the carbon emission factor of the mth material; N l is the labor quantity; f l is the per capita carbon emission intensity of life.

[0155] The calculation method based on the carbon emission range dimension in this embodiment is used to comprehensively evaluate the total carbon emissions of each stage of the construction sub-life cycle during the entire life cycle of transportation infrastructure. This method not only takes into account the carbon emissions directly generated by construction activities, but also covers the carbon emissions generated by purchased energy in the production process and other indirect carbon emissions related to construction activities. Through this comprehensive carbon emission assessment, the carbon footprint of transportation infrastructure construction can be more accurately understood, and a scientific basis can be provided for the subsequent formulation of effective carbon emission reduction strategies.

[0156] S4, calculates and obtains evaluation indicators based on the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction, and evaluates the environmental protection degree of the transportation infrastructure construction based on the evaluation indicators.

[0157] The calculation expression of the evaluation index of step S4 in this embodiment is:

[0158]

[0159] Where I is the carbon emission intensity of transportation infrastructure; E is the total carbon emissions at each stage of the construction sub-life cycle of the entire life cycle of transportation infrastructure; A is the engineering volume of the transportation infrastructure construction project;

[0160] An evaluation threshold is preset, and the carbon emission intensity of the transportation infrastructure is compared with the evaluation threshold. If the carbon emission intensity of the transportation infrastructure is less than the evaluation threshold, then the transportation infrastructure construction complies with green and environmentally friendly construction; otherwise, it does not comply with green and environmentally friendly construction.

[0161] It should be noted that since the engineering quantities of different transportation infrastructure projects are different, it is impossible to make a unified comparison. The carbon dioxide emissions per unit engineering quantity within the time boundary of the construction phase are used as the evaluation index, which is recorded as the carbon emission intensity of transportation infrastructure. The smaller the index, the less carbon emissions per unit engineering quantity of the transportation infrastructure construction project during the construction phase, and the higher the level of green construction.

[0162] According to this embodiment, by constructing a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework, it is possible to accurately calculate the carbon emissions of each emission unit in the transportation infrastructure construction activities. The framework takes accounting projects, carbon emission scope and full life cycle as three dimensions, and introduces a nested structure, so that accounting projects can be divided into sub-projects, and life cycle stages can be divided into sub-processes, thereby meeting the carbon emission measurement needs at different levels and in different scenarios;

[0163] In addition, the multi-dimensional nested framework can clearly reflect the carbon emission data structure and realize flexible analysis of carbon emission data. By subdividing accounting items and life cycle stages and clarifying the carbon emission calculation method of each emission unit, it can more accurately evaluate the carbon emissions in transportation infrastructure construction activities and provide a scientific basis for formulating emission reduction measures.

[0164] Moreover, by calculating the carbon emission intensity evaluation index of transportation infrastructure, the environmental protection degree of transportation infrastructure construction can be objectively evaluated. The smaller the index is, the less carbon emissions per unit of engineering volume of the transportation infrastructure construction project during the construction phase, and the higher the level of green construction, which will help promote green construction of transportation infrastructure and reduce the impact on the environment.

[0165] This embodiment achieves the goal of accurately calculating and analyzing the carbon emissions of each emission unit in transportation infrastructure construction activities by constructing a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework, calculating carbon emissions using the emission factor method, establishing carbon accounting boundaries and carbon accounting models corresponding to each accounting dimension, and introducing carbon emission intensity evaluation indicators.

[0166] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a carbon accounting system for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nestable framework, which is implemented by the above-mentioned carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nestable framework, and the system comprises:

[0167] A framework construction module is used to establish a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework; the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework structure includes three dimensions: accounting items, carbon emission scope and life cycle, each accounting item is set corresponding to the corresponding life cycle, and both the accounting items and the life cycle are nested structures;

[0168] A calculation and determination module is used to determine the carbon emission calculation method of each emission unit in the construction of transportation infrastructure according to a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework;

[0169] Modeling module, used to determine the carbon accounting boundary and carbon accounting model corresponding to each accounting dimension based on the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework and carbon emission calculation method;

[0170] The accounting module is used to collect carbon emission data, achieve various accounting purposes, and calculate the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction in the corresponding dimensions;

[0171] The evaluation module is used to calculate the evaluation index based on the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction, and evaluate the environmental protection degree of the transportation infrastructure construction according to the evaluation index.

[0172] Embodiment 1

[0173] This embodiment is described by taking a certain transportation infrastructure construction project as an example. Among them: the total length of the road is 445.617m, the red line width is 40m, the design speed is 30km / h, the motor vehicle lane is constructed with two-way four lanes, and the cross-section is specifically arranged as a central 12-meter green belt (long-term tram corridor) + 2×7-meter motor vehicle lane + 2×1.5-meter sunken green belt + 2×2.5-meter non-motor vehicle lane + 2×3-meter sidewalk.

[0174] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 ,This embodiment provides a carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested framework.

[0175] In step S1 of this embodiment, road 1 is taken as the accounting project, and its corresponding full life cycle is the construction life cycle, involving four stages: material production, material transportation, construction, and completion and delivery. The carbon emission scope is scope one, scope two, and scope three.

[0176] In step S2 of this embodiment, the carbon emission calculation method adopts the emission factor method, and its carbon emission is the product of activity data and the corresponding carbon emission factor, and the calculation formula is:

[0177] E=U×F

[0178] Where E is the total carbon emissions during the entire construction life cycle of transportation infrastructure; U is the activity matrix, which represents the activity data of greenhouse gases generated by each emission unit. The emission unit is the most basic unit determined to quantify input and output data when calculating carbon emissions. The emission units are divided into materials, machinery, personnel and energy categories; F is the carbon emission factor matrix.

[0179] Specifically, in step S21 of this embodiment, the list of purchased material activity data should include the types and consumption data of purchased materials, and the types and consumption of purchased materials can be determined using engineering measurement data or procurement lists. The calculation method for carbon emissions of purchased materials is the sum of the products of the consumption of each type of material and the corresponding material carbon emission factor.

[0180] Table 1 Carbon emission list of main materials

[0181]

[0182]

[0183] In step S22 of this embodiment, the mechanical equipment activity data list includes the type and shift data of the mechanical equipment. The carbon emission calculation method of the mechanical equipment is the sum of the products of the shift quantity of each type of mechanical equipment and the corresponding mechanical carbon emission factor. Among them, the carbon emission calculation method of transportation machinery can also be expressed as the sum of the products of various material consumption, transportation distance and unit weight transportation distance carbon emission factor.

[0184] Table 2 Carbon emission inventory of major machinery

[0185]

[0186]

[0187] Table 3 Carbon emission inventory of main material transportation

[0188]

[0189]

[0190]

[0191] Table 4 Carbon emission inventory of waste transportation

[0192]

[0193] In step S23 of this embodiment, the personnel activity data list should include personnel types and working hours, and the personnel carbon emission calculation method is the sum of the products of the labor volume of each type of workers and the corresponding living carbon emission factors.

[0194] Table 5 Carbon emission inventory of personnel activities

[0195] Worker Type Cumulative effective working days Carbon emission factor Carbon emissions / kg Management Personnel 1327 2.09 2773.43 Mechanical operator 858 2.42 2076.36 Worker 3185 2.83 9013.55 total 13863.34

[0196] In step S24 of this embodiment, energy activities specifically refer to the power supply, lighting, heating and cooling energy consumption required for construction, office and residential premises. The activity data include the total energy consumption of equipment operation in the construction, office and residential premises. The energy carbon emission calculation method is the sum of the product of the total energy consumption of equipment operation and the corresponding energy carbon emission factor.

[0197] Table 6 Temporary energy carbon emission inventory

[0198]

[0199] In step S31 of this embodiment, according to the carbon accounting boundary and model of each project, the calculation results are shown in Table 7.

[0200] Table 7 Carbon emissions of each emission unit of each unit project on a typical road section

[0201]

[0202] In step S32 of this embodiment, according to the staged carbon accounting boundary and model, the calculation results are shown in Table 8.

[0203] Table 8 Carbon emissions at each stage of each unit project on a typical road section

[0204]

[0205] In step S3 of this embodiment, according to the range-based carbon accounting boundaries and models, the calculation results are shown in Table 9.

[0206] Table 9 Carbon emissions of each unit project in each scope of typical road sections

[0207]

[0208]

[0209] In step S4 of this embodiment, the carbon emission accounting results of the example road infrastructure construction show that the road traffic infrastructure construction activity generates a total of 2314409.508 kg of carbon emissions, and the carbon emission intensity is 129.84 kg / m 2 .

[0210] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested framework, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, establish a multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework; The multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework structure includes three dimensions: accounting items, carbon emission scope and life cycle. Each accounting item is set corresponding to the corresponding life cycle, and both the accounting items and the life cycle are nested structures; S2, based on the multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework, determine the carbon emission calculation method for each emission unit in the construction of transportation infrastructure; S3, based on the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework and carbon emission calculation method, determine the carbon accounting boundary and carbon accounting model corresponding to each accounting dimension; S4, collect carbon emission data, achieve various accounting purposes, and calculate the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction of the corresponding dimensions; S5, calculates and obtains evaluation indicators based on the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction, and evaluates the environmental protection degree of the transportation infrastructure construction based on the evaluation indicators.

2. The carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested framework as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by: In the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework structure, road network engineering is used as an accounting project. The road network engineering accounting project includes a number of road accounting projects, and their corresponding life cycle is the transportation infrastructure life cycle. The transportation infrastructure life cycle includes planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition sub-cycle stages.

3. The carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nested framework as claimed in claim 2 is characterized by: Each road accounting project includes multiple project projects, corresponding life cycles and carbon emission ranges. The accounting projects include temporary projects, roadbed projects, pavement projects, bridge and culvert projects, tunnel projects, intersection projects, traffic projects, facilities along the line, and greening and environmental protection projects. The life cycle of each unit project includes the material production stage, material transportation stage, construction stage, and completion and delivery stage. The carbon emission range of the transportation infrastructure construction stage is based on the GHG-Protocol settings for greenhouse gases, and the carbon emission range is divided into scope one, scope two, and scope three.

4. The carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nestable framework as claimed in claim 3 is characterized by: The carbon emission calculation method in step S2 adopts the emission factor method, and its carbon emission is the product of activity data and the corresponding carbon emission factor. The calculation formula is: E=U×F Where E is the total carbon emissions during the entire construction life cycle of transportation infrastructure; U is the activity matrix, which represents the activity data of greenhouse gases generated by each emission unit. The emission unit is the most basic unit determined to quantify input and output data when calculating carbon emissions. The emission units are divided into materials, machinery, personnel and energy categories; F is the carbon emission factor matrix.

5. The method for carbon accounting of transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nestable framework as claimed in claim 4 is characterized by: Step S3, according to the multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework and the carbon emission calculation method, determines the carbon accounting boundary and carbon accounting model corresponding to each accounting dimension, which includes the following sub-steps: S31, based on the accounting project dimension, taking each road network construction sub-project as the accounting unit, calculate the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction; S32, based on the construction life cycle dimension, taking each stage of the construction life cycle as the accounting unit, calculate the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction; S33, based on the carbon emission range dimension, calculate the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction using the carbon emission range.

6. The method for carbon accounting of transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nestable framework as claimed in claim 5 is characterized by: The step S31 calculates the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of the transportation infrastructure construction based on the accounting project dimension and taking each road network construction sub-project as the accounting unit, including the following sub-steps: The total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction is the sum of the carbon emissions of each unit project, and the calculation formula is: Where E is the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction; j is the number of road network construction projects, j = 1, 2, 3, ..., g; E j is the carbon emission of the jth road network construction project; In the transportation infrastructure construction stage, each unit project uses personnel, materials, machinery and energy as emission units to calculate the carbon emissions of the unit project. The expression is: In the formula, E j is the carbon emission of the jth road network construction subproject, l is the worker category, l = 1, 2, 3, ..., z; N l is the labor amount, f l is the per capita carbon emission intensity of life, m is the type of material, m = 1, 2, 3, ..., n; Q m is the consumption of the mth material; f m is the carbon emission factor of the mth material; u is the type of construction machinery and equipment, u = 1, 2, 3, ..., v; N u is the number of shifts of the uth type of construction machinery and equipment; f u is the mechanical carbon emission factor of the u-th type of construction machinery and equipment; e is the energy type, e = 1, 2, 3, ..., f; Q e is the energy consumption of the e-th type of construction, office and residential premises; f e is the energy carbon emission factor corresponding to the e-th energy consumption.

7. The method for carbon accounting of transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nestable framework as claimed in claim 6 is characterized by: In step S32, according to the dimension of the construction life cycle, the total carbon emissions in the life cycle of the transportation infrastructure construction are calculated with each stage of the construction life cycle as the accounting unit, which includes the following sub-steps: The construction life cycle includes the material production stage, the material transportation stage, the construction stage and the completion and delivery stage; Based on the calculation units of each stage of the construction life cycle, the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction are calculated as follows: E=E Ⅰ +E Ⅱ +E Ⅲ +E Ⅳ Where E is the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction, E Ⅰ is the carbon emission in the material production stage, E Ⅱ E is the carbon emission in the material transportation stage; Ⅲ E is the carbon emissions during the construction phase; Ⅳ Carbon emissions during the completion and delivery phase; The energy consumption and carbon emissions in the material production stage are the total energy consumption and carbon emissions generated by all upstream processes and activities before the material is used and processed, including the emissions of energy consumed in producing each unit of product and the emissions of raw materials used in producing each unit of product. Its life cycle stage includes the raw material acquisition, processing, production and delivery stages of building materials; The calculation expression for the material production stage is: In the formula, E Ⅰ is the carbon emission in the material production stage; m is the type of material, m = 1, 2, 3...n; Q m is the consumption of the mth material; f m is the carbon emission factor of the mth material; The material transportation stage is the process of using transport vehicles to transport building materials from the source to the construction site warehouse or designated stacking location before the project construction begins. It is divided into raw material transportation and mixed material transportation; The calculation expression for the material transportation stage is: In the formula, E Ⅱ is the carbon emission in the material transportation stage; t is the vehicle type, t = 1, 2, 3...s; m is the material type, m = 1, 2, 3...n; D m is the transport distance of material m transported by transport vehicle t; Q m is the consumption of the required transport material m; f t is the transport carbon emission factor, expressed as the carbon emission generated per kilometer of transport vehicle t transporting unit weight of material m; Carbon emissions during the construction phase include energy consumption and emissions from the operation of construction machinery, temporary energy use at the construction site, energy consumption in construction offices and residences, and carbon emissions from the activities of construction and office personnel; The calculation expression for the construction phase is: In the formula, E Ⅲ is the carbon emission during the construction phase; u is the type of construction machinery and equipment, u = 1, 2, 3...v; N u is the number of shifts of the uth type of construction machinery and equipment; f u is the mechanical carbon emission factor of the u-th type of construction machinery and equipment, e is the energy type, e = 1, 2, 3...f; Q e is the energy consumption of the e-th type of construction, office and residential premises; f e is the energy carbon emission factor corresponding to the e-th energy consumption, l is the worker category, l = 1, 2, 3...s; N l is the labor amount, f l is the per capita carbon emission intensity of life; Carbon emissions during the completion and delivery phase include waste disposal, which is the carbon emissions generated by diesel consumption by transportation vehicles during the transportation of construction waste from the site to the waste disposal site; The calculation expression for the completion and delivery stage is: In the formula, E Ⅳ is the carbon emission in the completion and delivery stage; t is the vehicle type, t = 1, 2, 3...s; p is the waste type, p = 1, 2, 3...q; D p Q is the distance that the transport vehicle t transports the unit weight of waste p; p is the weight of the waste p to be transported; f t is the transport carbon emission factor.

8. The method for carbon accounting of transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nestable framework as claimed in claim 7 is characterized by: The step S33 calculates the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of the transportation infrastructure construction based on the carbon emission range dimension, including the following sub-steps: The carbon emission scope dimension includes scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3; Based on carbon emission scopes 1, 2 and 3, the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction are calculated as follows: E=E 1 +E 2 +E 3 Where E is the total carbon emissions during the life cycle of transportation infrastructure construction; E 1 E is the scope 1 carbon emissions; 2 E is the scope 2 carbon emissions; 3 This is scope 3 carbon emissions. Carbon emission scope 1 includes carbon emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels required for construction personnel, materials, machinery preparation and transportation, site treatment, and the use of construction machinery and equipment; The calculation expression for carbon emission scope 1 is: In the formula, E 1 is the scope 1 carbon emissions; N u 1 is the shift capacity of the uth machine using fossil fuels; u is the mechanical carbon emission factor of the uth type of construction machinery and equipment; D m is the transport distance of material m transported by transport vehicle t; Q m is the consumption of the required transport material m; D p Q is the distance that the transport vehicle t transports the unit weight of waste p; p is the weight of the waste p to be transported; f t is the transport carbon emission factor; Scope 2 carbon emissions include carbon emissions generated in the production process from purchased electricity, heat and fuels; The calculation expression for carbon emission scope 2 is: In the formula, E 2 is the carbon emissions in scope 2; e is the energy type, e=1, 2, 3...f; u is the type of construction machinery and equipment, u=1, 2, 3...v; N u 2 is the shift capacity of the uth mechanical equipment using purchased electricity; Q e is the energy consumption of the e-th type of construction, office and residential premises; f e is the energy carbon emission factor corresponding to the e-th energy consumption; Scope 3 carbon emissions include all other carbon emissions from materials, machinery and equipment production in construction activities that are not included in scopes 1 and 2; The calculation expression for carbon emission scope 3 is: In the formula, E 3 is the carbon emission in scope 3; m is the type of material, m = 1, 2, 3...n; Q m is the consumption of the mth material; f m is the carbon emission factor of the mth material; N l is the labor quantity; f l is the per capita carbon emission intensity of life.

9. The method for carbon accounting of transportation infrastructure construction based on a multi-dimensional nestable framework as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: In step S4, the evaluation index is calculated based on the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction, and the environmental protection degree of the transportation infrastructure construction is evaluated based on the evaluation index, wherein the calculation expression of the evaluation index is: Where I is the carbon emission intensity of transportation infrastructure; E is the total carbon emissions at each stage of the construction sub-life cycle of the entire life cycle of transportation infrastructure; A is the engineering volume of the transportation infrastructure construction project; An evaluation threshold is preset, and the carbon emission intensity of the transportation infrastructure is compared with the evaluation threshold. If the carbon emission intensity of the transportation infrastructure is less than the evaluation threshold, then the transportation infrastructure construction complies with green and environmentally friendly construction; otherwise, it does not comply with green and environmentally friendly construction.

10. A carbon accounting system for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multidimensional nestable framework, implemented by the carbon accounting method for transportation infrastructure construction based on a multidimensional nestable framework as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, the system comprising: Framework building module, used to build a multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework; The multi-dimensional nestable carbon accounting framework structure includes three dimensions: accounting items, carbon emission scope and life cycle. Each accounting item is set corresponding to the corresponding life cycle, and both the accounting items and the life cycle are nested structures; A calculation and determination module is used to determine the carbon emission calculation method of each emission unit in the construction of transportation infrastructure according to a multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework; Modeling module, used to determine the carbon accounting boundary and carbon accounting model corresponding to each accounting dimension based on the multi-dimensional nested carbon accounting framework and carbon emission calculation method; The accounting module is used to collect carbon emission data, achieve various accounting purposes, and calculate the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction in the corresponding dimensions; The evaluation module is used to calculate the evaluation index based on the carbon emission data in the transportation infrastructure construction, and evaluate the environmental protection degree of the transportation infrastructure construction according to the evaluation index.

Images