Structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction

Abstract

The invention provides a structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction. The structure comprises a traveling wave interaction circuit, a standing wave interaction circuit and a step-down collector which are sequentially arranged in the electron beam transmission direction. The standing wave interaction circuit comprises a resonant cavity; an electron beam channel of the traveling wave interaction circuit is communicated with an electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit; and the step-down collector is communicated with an electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit. The structure can solve the problem that the whole optimization process becomes more complex due to the existing mode of improving the energy recovery efficiency by optimizing the traveling wave interaction circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of microwave vacuum electronic technology, and more specifically, to a structure for improving electron injection energy distribution after injection-wave interaction. Background Art

[0002] The traveling wave tube is a vacuum electronic device with the characteristics of high power, high efficiency, wide bandwidth, and high gain. It has broad application prospects in communications, radar, electronic warfare and other fields.

[0003] Efficiency is one of the core technical indicators of traveling wave tubes, which mainly depends on the electronic efficiency of the interaction circuit and the recovery efficiency of the collector. The energy distribution curve of the electron injection entering the collector has a crucial influence on the recovery efficiency, such as Figure 1 As shown, the area enclosed by the electron beam energy distribution curve and the horizontal axis is the total electron beam energy entering the collector. By using multiple collector electrodes with different potentials, the electron energy can be selectively collected. The recoverable energy of each electrode is the area of ​​the corresponding rectangle. The total area of ​​the shaded part is the recoverable energy of the collector, and the total area of ​​the blank part is the unrecovered energy of the collector. The total recovery efficiency is the ratio of the recoverable energy to the total electron beam energy. If you want to achieve high recovery efficiency, there are two methods: 1. Increase the number of collectors and construct enough rectangles to approach the area covered by the curve, but this undoubtedly increases the technical complexity and reliability risk of the collector. 2. Improve the electron beam energy distribution after the injection wave interaction so that it has a clear step-like morphology, and high recovery efficiency can be achieved with fewer collectors.

[0004] In the traditional traveling wave tube technology route, the traveling wave interaction circuit is directly connected to the step-down collector, such as Figure 2 As shown in Figure 1. This scheme improves the electronic efficiency by optimizing the traveling wave interaction circuit, and in the process improves the energy distribution of the electron beam, thereby improving the energy recovery efficiency. However, since the traveling wave interaction circuit needs to meet the two optimization goals of electronic efficiency and energy recovery at the same time, the entire optimization process becomes more complicated and requires a lot of calculation work. Therefore, although this scheme has a good effect in energy recovery, its design faces high technical complexity. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a structure for improving the distribution of electron injection energy after injection-wave interaction, so as to solve the problem that the existing method of improving energy recovery efficiency by optimizing the traveling wave interaction circuit makes the entire optimization process more complicated and its design faces high technical complexity.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction, comprising:

[0008] A traveling wave interaction circuit, a standing wave interaction circuit and a step-down collector are sequentially arranged along the electron beam transmission direction; the standing wave interaction circuit comprises a resonant cavity; the electron beam channel of the traveling wave interaction circuit is connected to the electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit; the step-down collector is connected to the electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit.

[0009] A preferred solution is that the resonant frequency of the standing wave interaction circuit is higher than the operating frequency of the traveling wave interaction circuit.

[0010] The preferred solution is that the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave of the standing wave interaction circuit at the resonant frequency is v p , the electron beam moves at a speed of v e ; The velocity of the electron beam and the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave at the resonant frequency satisfy the following relationship: 0.8*v p <v e <1.2*v p .

[0011] Preferably, the standing wave interaction circuit includes one or more resonant cavities connected in sequence.

[0012] A preferred solution is that the traveling wave interaction circuit includes a helical slow-wave structure, a waveguide slow-wave structure or a coupled cavity slow-wave structure.

[0013] A preferred solution is that the traveling wave interaction circuit includes a plurality of interaction segments arranged in sequence; the interaction segments include slow wave structures; the same interaction segment has the same radial cross-sectional structure in the axial direction of the electron injection channel, and adjacent interaction segments have the same or different radial cross-sectional structures in the axial direction of the electron injection channel.

[0014] A preferred solution is that the cross-sectional shapes of the electron beam channels of the traveling wave interaction circuit and the standing wave interaction circuit are the same.

[0015] The present invention also provides a design method for a structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction, the design method comprising the following steps:

[0016] A traveling wave interaction circuit, a standing wave interaction circuit and a step-down collector are provided; the standing wave interaction circuit comprises one or more resonant cavities connected in sequence;

[0017] The number of resonant cavities is determined according to the distribution of residual electron beam energy at different frequencies of the traveling wave interaction circuit;

[0018] The electron beam channel of the traveling wave interaction circuit, the electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit and the step-down collector are connected in sequence along the electron beam transmission direction.

[0019] A preferred solution is that the traveling wave interaction circuit includes a helical slow-wave structure, a waveguide slow-wave structure or a coupled cavity slow-wave structure, and the type of the slow-wave structure of the traveling wave interaction circuit is determined according to the power, bandwidth and frequency requirements of the traveling wave interaction circuit.

[0020] A preferred solution is that the traveling wave interaction circuit includes a plurality of interaction segments arranged in sequence, and the number of the interaction segments in the traveling wave interaction circuit is determined according to the gain requirement of the electromagnetic wave in the traveling wave interaction circuit.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The present invention enhances the regulation of electron beam energy distribution by introducing a standing wave interaction circuit, so that the electron beam energy is concentrated in several narrow energy intervals, forming a more obvious step-shaped distribution. This step-shaped energy distribution not only improves the energy recovery efficiency, but also improves the concentration and recoverability of the electron beam energy, providing an ideal entry condition for the multi-stage step-down collector, thereby significantly improving the energy recovery efficiency.

[0023] The present invention can achieve shaping and modulation of the electron beam energy distribution by simply connecting a standing wave interaction circuit between the traveling wave interaction circuit and the step-down collector, thereby forming a nearly step-shaped energy distribution, so that more electron beam residual energy can be efficiently recovered, the recovery efficiency of the step-down collector for the electron beam energy is improved, and the complex design requirements for the traveling wave interaction circuit are reduced.

[0024] The traveling wave tube having the structure of the present invention can be used as a final-stage power amplifier of the system and is widely used in fields such as communications, radar, and electronic warfare, especially in resource-scarce scenarios such as unmanned platforms, mobile platforms, and airborne platforms where system cost requirements are high and power supply is very limited. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of energy recovery of the collector.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the direct connection between the existing traveling wave interaction circuit and the step-down collector.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 The present invention and Figure 2 Comparison of electron beam energy distribution in existing structures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the relative arrangement of components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0031] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.

[0032] Techniques and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the techniques and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0033] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limiting. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0034] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters refer to similar items in the following figures, and therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0035] In order to improve the recycling efficiency of electron injection energy of the collector and reduce the design requirements of the complex traveling wave interaction circuit, the present invention provides a structure for improving the distribution of electron injection energy after injection wave interaction. Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the structure for improving the energy distribution of the electron beam after the beam wave interaction specifically includes: a traveling wave interaction circuit 1, a standing wave interaction circuit 2 and a step-down collector 3 arranged in sequence along the transmission direction of the electron beam, and the standing wave interaction circuit 2 includes a resonant cavity. The electron beam channel of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1 is connected to the electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit 2, and the step-down collector 3 is connected to the electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit 2. The step-down collector 3 can adopt a multi-stage step-down structure, and the specific types include two-stage, three-stage, four-stage or more-stage step-down design to adapt to different power and efficiency requirements. The traveling wave interaction circuit 1 and the standing wave interaction circuit 2 are connected in series, and the electron beam channel runs through the two to ensure the linear and non-intercepted transmission of the electron beam. This connection method ensures the continuity of the electron beam between the traveling wave interaction circuit 1 and the standing wave interaction circuit 2, promotes the effective transfer and utilization of energy, and thus optimizes the performance of the entire system.

[0036] The present invention connects a standing wave interaction circuit after the traveling wave interaction circuit of a conventional traveling wave tube to achieve energy shaping of the electron beam. The resonant frequency of the standing wave interaction circuit 2 of the present invention is higher than the operating frequency of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1. The energy distribution of the electron beam is adjusted by the standing wave interaction circuit 2 to gradually achieve a step-like energy distribution, thereby improving the energy recovery efficiency. In addition to introducing the standing wave interaction circuit 2, the present invention does not require an additional energy transmission structure, and the implementation method is simple. The resonant cavity of the standing wave interaction circuit 2 has good compatibility with precision machining and is easy to perform high-speed milling and precision machining.

[0037] In the above embodiment, the standing wave interaction circuit 2 is composed of one or more resonant cavities connected in series, and the specific number of resonant cavities is determined according to the residual electron beam energy distribution at different frequency points of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1. For narrowband applications, since the residual electron beam energy distribution curves at each frequency point in the band are very close, usually only a single resonant cavity is required. This single resonant cavity can generate a standing wave field with a high quality factor at its specific resonant frequency, which is sufficient to effectively modulate the electron beam velocity within a narrowband range and achieve precise energy control.

[0038] In broadband applications, the energy distribution of the residual electron beam at each frequency point in the band shows significant differences, and the electron beam velocity and spatial distribution characteristics will vary with frequency. At this time, the electromagnetic wave phase velocity of a single resonant cavity at its resonant frequency is given, and it is difficult to modulate the electron beams in different motion states at each frequency point. Therefore, it is necessary to configure two or more resonant cavities in the standing wave interaction circuit 2, and to form corresponding standing wave fields at different frequencies to modulate the speed of the electron beams at different frequencies, thereby improving the electron beam energy distribution over the entire broadband range and significantly improving the energy recovery efficiency.

[0039] It should be noted that the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity in the standing wave interaction circuit 2 is selected to be higher than the operating frequency of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1, so as to give full play to the modulation effect of the resonant cavity on the electron injection energy. At the same time, the structure of the selected resonant cavity should help to simplify the overall manufacturing process and improve the stability of the system to ensure reliability in practical applications.

[0040] From the overall layout of the structure, the electron beam channel runs through the traveling wave interaction circuit 1 and the standing wave interaction circuit 2, ensuring the continuous and stable transmission of the electron beam between the two. The standing wave interaction circuit 2 is connected to the step-down collector 3, and energy recovery is completed through the step-down collector 3. The step-down collector 3 needs to have efficient energy recovery capabilities to maximize the recovery of the remaining electron beam energy.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, the traveling wave interaction circuit 1 includes a helical slow wave structure, a waveguide type slow wave structure or a coupled cavity slow wave structure. The traveling wave interaction circuit 1 can adopt a variety of slow wave structure types, including but not limited to a helical slow wave structure, a waveguide type slow wave structure or a coupled cavity slow wave structure.

[0042] Furthermore, the traveling wave interaction circuit includes a plurality of interaction segments arranged in sequence; the interaction segments include slow wave structures; the same interaction segment has the same radial cross-sectional structure in the axial direction of the electron beam channel, and adjacent interaction segments have the same or different radial cross-sectional structures in the axial direction of the electron beam channel. In other words, when the traveling wave interaction circuit includes a plurality of interaction segments arranged in sequence, the same type of slow wave structure can be used in the same interaction segment as required, and the same or different types of slow wave structures can be used between different interaction segments. The above-mentioned interaction segments are connected in sequence along the axial direction of the electron beam channel to ensure continuous and non-intercepted transmission of the electron beam in the entire traveling wave interaction circuit 1.

[0043] The number of the above-mentioned interaction segments is determined according to the gain requirements of the electromagnetic wave in the traveling wave interaction circuit 1. The traveling wave interaction circuit 1 usually includes two interaction segments as the input segment and the output segment respectively. When the gain requirement of the traveling wave interaction circuit is low (less than 26dB), a single interaction segment can be used to meet the requirement; if a higher gain (greater than 60dB) is required, three interaction segments arranged in sequence or even more interaction segments are required to meet the higher gain and power output requirements. In general, the number of interaction segments is selected to be 1-3.

[0044] In the above interaction section, the type of slow-wave structure is selected based on the power, bandwidth and frequency requirements of the traveling wave interaction circuit. In general, the helical slow-wave structure is usually used in broadband applications because it can maintain low dispersion characteristics in a wide frequency range; high-power applications tend to use coupled cavity slow-wave structures because they have high coupling impedance characteristics suitable for high-power output; and high-frequency applications usually use folded waveguide slow-wave structures because they are suitable for modern micro-machining processes and can achieve high-precision manufacturing in the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands.

[0045] In practice, in order to simplify the manufacturing process and improve the overall stability of the system, the same type of slow-wave structure is generally used for each interaction segment in the traveling wave interaction circuit 1. This unified structural selection not only effectively avoids the increase in processing and assembly complexity caused by frequent switching of different slow-wave structure types, but also ensures a high degree of consistency in parameters and transmission characteristics between each segment structure, thereby improving the overall performance and reliability of the device. In some complex design requirements, different types of slow-wave structures can be used between each interaction segment, and the performance of power, bandwidth, frequency, etc. can be taken into account by combining the interaction segments with each other.

[0046] Furthermore, the multiple interaction segments arranged in sequence as a whole only have an input port set at the starting end and an output port set at the end, and the standing wave interaction circuit 2 is set on the side of the output port of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1. That is to say, except for the input port of the interaction segment far away from the standing wave interaction circuit 2 and the output port of the interaction segment close to the standing wave interaction circuit 2, the other ends of the slow wave structure are connected to a concentrated attenuator or an external absorption load. The above setting can mainly play the following roles: (1) Suppressing reflection oscillation: By connecting a concentrated attenuator or an external absorption load, the generation of reflected waves can be effectively suppressed, thereby improving the working stability of the traveling wave tube. This measure helps to prevent oscillation caused by reflected waves and ensure that the system operates in a stable state. (2) Suitable for high-power scenarios: The external absorption load is particularly suitable for the application of high-power traveling wave circuits, which can effectively absorb reflected energy and prevent excessive energy from affecting the system, thereby maintaining the normal operation of the system.

[0047] It should be noted that, although the number and type of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1 and the standing wave interaction circuit 2 are independently selected, the compatibility between the two must still be ensured during design to maximize energy recovery efficiency and system performance. The present invention is applicable to traveling wave tubes in the microwave to millimeter wave frequency bands, has strong universality, and can be flexibly applied to different types of traveling wave tubes, meeting the requirements of modern communications and electronic equipment for efficient energy recovery and frequency response.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the resonant frequency of the standing wave interaction circuit 2 is higher than the operating frequency of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1, so as to effectively adjust the energy distribution of the electron beam, thereby realizing the "shaping" of the energy distribution. Through the modulation of the standing wave interaction circuit 2, the energy distribution of the electron beam gradually approaches a step shape, that is, most of the electrons are concentrated in a certain energy interval, and the number of electrons with abnormal energy is reduced, thereby significantly improving the energy recovery efficiency. Furthermore, the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave at the resonant frequency in the resonant cavity of the standing wave interaction circuit 2 is v p , the electron beam moves at a speed of v e , 0.8*v p <v e <1.2*v p ; When the velocity of the electron beam and the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave at the resonant frequency in the resonant cavity satisfy the following relationship, 0.8*v p <v e <1.2*v p The electron beam will excite electromagnetic waves at the resonant frequency in the resonant cavity, and the excited electromagnetic waves will in turn modulate the speed of the electron beam, thereby constructing a step-like energy distribution of the electron beam and improving the recoverability of the electron beam energy.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the electron injection channels of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1 and the standing wave interaction circuit 2 have the same cross-sectional shape, which can be circular, elliptical or rectangular. For example, when the electron injection channel of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1 is a circular cross-sectional channel, the electron injection channel of the standing wave interaction circuit 2 is a circular cross-sectional channel with the same structural size as the electron injection channel of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1.

[0050] Specifically, the present invention provides a structure for improving the energy distribution of electron beams after beam-wave interaction, which adopts a folded waveguide slow-wave structure as a traveling wave interaction circuit 1, whose operating voltage is 14 kV, current is 50 mA, and operating frequency is 76 GHz; the standing wave interaction circuit 2 selects a 9-cavity long and short slot staggered extended interaction resonant cavity structure, and its resonant frequency is 78.9 GHz.

[0051] The existing structure uses a folded waveguide slow-wave structure as a traveling wave interaction circuit, with an operating voltage of 14kV, a current of 50mA, and an operating frequency of 76GHz.

[0052] Figure 4 A comparison diagram of the electron beam energy distribution under the above-mentioned standing wave interaction circuit technical route is shown, wherein the horizontal axis is the normalized collector voltage and the vertical axis is the normalized collector current. Under the technical route of the present invention using the standing wave interaction circuit, the energy distribution of the electron beam is relatively concentrated, mainly concentrated in the two narrow voltage ranges of 0.910U-0.915U and 0.975U-1.010U. In the voltage interval 0.915U-0.975U, the normalized collector current has almost no change, indicating that there are almost no electrons in this energy interval. This characteristic shows that the standing wave circuit effectively regulates the electron beam energy distribution and concentrates it in a specific narrow energy interval, thereby helping to achieve more efficient energy recovery. In the technical route without the standing wave interaction circuit in the existing structure, the electron beam energy distribution is relatively dispersed, spanning a wider voltage range such as 0.920U-0.940U and 0.950U-1.015U. Only in the range of 0.940U-0.950U, the normalized collector current is almost unchanged, indicating that the number of electrons in this range is small. In contrast, the introduction of the standing wave interaction circuit enhances the regulation of the electron injection energy distribution, so that the electron injection energy is concentrated in several narrow energy intervals, forming a more obvious step-like distribution. This step-like energy distribution not only improves the energy recovery efficiency, but also improves the concentration and recoverability of the electron injection energy, providing a more ideal entrance condition for the multi-stage step-down collector, thereby significantly improving the energy recovery efficiency.

[0053] The present invention also provides a design method for a structure for improving the electron beam energy distribution after injection wave interaction, the design method comprising the following steps: providing a traveling wave interaction circuit 1, a standing wave interaction circuit 2 and a step-down collector 3; the standing wave interaction circuit 2 comprises one or more resonant cavities connected in sequence; the number of resonant cavities is determined according to the residual electron beam energy distribution at different frequency points of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1; the electron beam channel of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1, the electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit 2 and the step-down collector 3 are connected in sequence along the electron beam transmission direction.

[0054] Further, the traveling wave interaction circuit 1 includes a helical slow wave structure, a waveguide type slow wave structure or a coupled cavity slow wave structure, and the type of the slow wave structure of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1 is determined according to the power, bandwidth and frequency requirements of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1. The traveling wave interaction circuit 1 includes a plurality of interaction segments arranged in sequence, and the number of the interaction segments of the traveling wave interaction circuit 1 is determined according to the gain requirements of the electromagnetic wave.

[0055] In summary, the present invention enhances the regulation of electron beam energy distribution through the introduction of standing wave circuit, so that the electron beam energy is concentrated in several narrow energy intervals, forming a more obvious step-shaped distribution. This step-shaped energy distribution not only improves the energy recovery efficiency, but also improves the concentration and recyclability of electron beam energy, and provides an ideal entry condition for the multi-stage buck collector, thereby significantly improving the energy recovery efficiency. The present invention can realize the shaping modulation of electron beam energy distribution only by connecting the standing wave interaction circuit between the traveling wave interaction circuit and the buck collector, forming a nearly step-shaped energy distribution, so that more electron beam residual energy is efficiently recovered, the recovery efficiency of the buck collector for electron beam energy is improved, and the design requirements for the complex traveling wave interaction circuit are reduced. The traveling wave tube with the structure of the present invention can be used as a system final stage power amplifier, and is widely used in fields such as communications, radar, and electronic warfare, especially in resource-scarce scenarios such as unmanned platforms, mobile platforms, and airborne platforms with high system cost requirements and very limited power supply.

[0056] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not limitations on the implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to list all the implementation methods here. All obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction, characterized in that: include: A traveling wave interaction circuit, a standing wave interaction circuit and a step-down collector are sequentially arranged along the electron beam transmission direction; the standing wave interaction circuit comprises a resonant cavity; the electron beam channel of the traveling wave interaction circuit is connected to the electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit; the step-down collector is connected to the electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit.

2. The structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resonant frequency of the standing wave interaction circuit is higher than the operating frequency of the traveling wave interaction circuit.

3. The structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave in the standing wave interaction circuit at the resonant frequency is v p , the electron beam moves at a speed of v e ; The velocity of the electron beam and the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave at the resonant frequency satisfy the following relationship: 0.8*v p <v e <1.2*v p .

4. The structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standing wave interaction circuit includes one or more resonant cavities connected in sequence.

5. The structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traveling wave interaction circuit includes a helical slow-wave structure, a waveguide slow-wave structure or a coupled cavity slow-wave structure.

6. The structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traveling wave interaction circuit comprises a plurality of interaction segments arranged in sequence; the interaction segments comprise a slow wave structure; the same interaction segment has the same radial cross-sectional structure in the axial direction of the electron injection channel, and adjacent interaction segments have the same or different radial cross-sectional structures in the axial direction of the electron injection channel.

7. The structure for improving electron beam energy distribution after beam-wave interaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shapes of the electron beam channels of the traveling wave interaction circuit and the standing wave interaction circuit are the same.

8. A design method for improving the energy distribution of electron beams after beam-wave interaction, characterized in that: The design method includes the following steps: A traveling wave interaction circuit, a standing wave interaction circuit and a step-down collector are provided; the standing wave interaction circuit comprises one or more resonant cavities connected in sequence; The number of resonant cavities is determined according to the distribution of residual electron beam energy at different frequencies of the traveling wave interaction circuit; The electron beam channel of the traveling wave interaction circuit, the electron beam channel of the standing wave interaction circuit and the step-down collector are connected in sequence along the electron beam transmission direction.

9. The design method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The traveling wave interaction circuit includes a helical slow wave structure, a waveguide slow wave structure or a coupled cavity slow wave structure, and the type of the slow wave structure of the traveling wave interaction circuit is determined according to the power, bandwidth and frequency requirements of the traveling wave interaction circuit.

10. The design method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The traveling wave interaction circuit comprises a plurality of interaction segments arranged in sequence, and the number of the interaction segments in the traveling wave interaction circuit is determined according to the gain requirement of the electromagnetic wave in the traveling wave interaction circuit.

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