Drilling and anchoring integrated construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a drilling and anchoring integrated construction method, which comprises the following steps of: giving a distance threshold value d0 between a supporting top plate and a coal wall, and measuring an actual distance d between the supporting top plate and the coal wall, if dgt; if d is smaller than or equal to d0, the supporting top plate advances at a low speed, meanwhile, the drilling box advances at a high speed, water is injected, slurry is sucked, a drilling box motor rotates reversely to drill holes, when the oil pressure of a supporting oil cylinder exceeds a threshold value, the supporting top plate stops advancing, when the pressure of the drilling box exceeds the threshold value, the drilling box advances at a preset feeding speed to drill holes, and after drilling is finished, the drilling box stops advancing; and the drill box motor stops rotating reversely, water injection, slurry suction, slurry discharge of the bolting-grouting pump and forward rotation and pre-tightening of the drill box motor are stopped, and after pre-tightening is finished, the drill box motor stops rotating forwards, and the supporting top plate and the drill box retreat. All links in the drilling construction process are synchronously carried out, the construction period is effectively shortened, the labor intensity is reduced, and the construction quality and efficiency of a coal mine tunnel are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining support, and in particular to a drilling and anchoring integrated construction method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the coal mining industry, anchor drilling rigs play a vital role in the construction of coal mine tunnel support. However, the anchor drilling rig construction method in the relevant technology has many shortcomings in the construction process. For example, during the construction process, the support top plate of the drill frame first extends out to contact the coal wall, and then the drill box moves synchronously on the drill frame following the sliding frame. After the sliding frame moves into place, water begins to be injected into the anchor rod, and the drill box motor starts to drive the anchor rod to rotate forward. Finally, the drill box moves forward on the sliding frame to drive the anchor rod to drill. After the drilling operation is completed, the equipment runs in the opposite order. The construction steps are carried out independently, requiring frequent manual intervention and equipment conversion, resulting in low construction efficiency, high labor intensity, and difficult to control construction quality, which seriously affects the construction progress of coal mine tunnels. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0004] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a drilling and anchoring integrated construction method to solve the problem of low efficiency in the existing drilling construction process.

[0005] The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method of the embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0006] Given a distance threshold d_0 between the supporting roof and the coal wall, measure the actual distance d between the supporting roof and the coal wall;

[0007] If d>d_0, the supporting top plate moves forward at high speed, the drill box moves forward at high speed, and at the same time, the anchor rod is injected with water, the anchor pump sucks grout, and the drill box motor reverses to drive the anchor rod to rotate forward and drill holes;

[0008] If d≤d_0, the supporting top plate moves forward at a low speed, and the drill box moves forward at a high speed. At the same time, the anchor rod is injected with water, the anchor pump sucks grout, and the drill box motor reverses to drive the anchor rod to rotate forward and drill holes.

[0009] The oil pressure of the support cylinder is collected. When the oil pressure of the support cylinder exceeds the preset forward oil pressure threshold, the support top plate stops moving forward.

[0010] The pressure on the drill box is collected. When the pressure on the drill box exceeds a preset pressure threshold, the drill box advances to drill at a preset feed speed.

[0011] After the drilling is completed, the drill box stops moving forward, the drill box motor stops reversing, the anchor stops injecting water, and the anchor pump stops sucking grout;

[0012] The anchor pump discharges slurry, and the drill box motor rotates forward to pre-tighten the anchor rod;

[0013] After pre-tightening is completed, the drill box motor stops rotating forward, and the support top plate and drill box move back.

[0014] The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method of the embodiment of the present invention performs all links of the drilling construction process synchronously, effectively shortens the construction period, reduces labor intensity, and improves the construction quality and efficiency of coal mine tunnels.

[0015] In some embodiments, a distance sensor is installed on the supporting roof to measure the actual distance between the supporting roof and the coal wall, and a protective cleaning device is provided on the distance sensor.

[0016] In some embodiments, a force sensor is installed between the drill box and the drill box mounting base to measure the pressure on the drill box.

[0017] In some embodiments, during the high-speed advancement of the supporting top plate, the distance between the clamp top and the supporting top plate is less than a set distance threshold.

[0018] In some embodiments, during the process of advancing the drill box and drilling, when the anchor bolt is drilled into a preset depth, the clamp is opened.

[0019] In some embodiments, during the process of the drill box advancing and drilling, when the oil pressure of the secondary oil cylinder exceeds a preset forward oil pressure threshold and the feed speed of the drill box is lower than a preset feed speed, the drill box stops advancing.

[0020] In some embodiments, when the drill box motor is pre-tightening the anchor bolt, when the pre-tightening pressure exceeds a threshold, the drill box motor stops rotating forwardly.

[0021] In some embodiments, during the retraction process, if the distance between the top of the clamp and the support top plate is greater than a set distance threshold, the support top plate and the drill box are retracted synchronously at a high speed;

[0022] During the retraction process, if the distance between the top of the clamp and the supporting top plate is less than the set distance threshold, the drill box will retract at high speed first until the distance between the top of the clamp and the supporting top plate is greater than the set distance threshold, and the supporting top plate and the drill box will retract synchronously at high speed.

[0023] In some embodiments, when the oil pressure of the secondary oil cylinder exceeds a preset retraction oil pressure threshold, the drill box stops retracting, and when the oil pressure of the support oil cylinder exceeds a preset retraction oil pressure threshold, the support top plate stops retracting.

[0024] In some embodiments, during the movement of the supporting top plate, the hydraulic oil flow of the supporting cylinder is collected, and the estimated action time t_0 of the supporting top plate moving from the current position to the target position is calculated based on the structural parameters of the supporting cylinder and the hydraulic oil flow, and the actual action time t of the supporting top plate moving from the current position to the target position is collected. If t∈[t_0-ε, t_0+ε], the movement of the supporting top plate is normal; if t<t_0-ε, t>t_0+ε, the movement of the supporting top plate is abnormal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a drilling and anchoring integrated anchor drilling rig according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] 1-support top plate, 2-drill box, 3-anchor rod, 4-support cylinder, 5-clamp, 6-secondary cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0029] The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method according to the embodiment of the present invention is used for Figure 1 The drilling and anchoring integrated anchor drilling rig shown in the figure comprises: a drilling frame, a sliding frame, a drilling box 2, a supporting cylinder 4, a clamp 5 and a secondary cylinder 6.

[0031] Among them, the supporting top plate 1 of the drill frame is pushed by the supporting oil cylinder 4 to move, the sliding frame is assembled on the drill frame, the clamp 5 is fixed on the upper part of the sliding frame, the drill box 2 is assembled on the sliding frame, and the primary stroke of the secondary oil cylinder 6 is used to push the sliding frame to move, and the secondary stroke of the secondary oil cylinder 6 is used to push the drill box 2 to move. That is, the secondary oil cylinder 6 can push the sliding frame to move, and at this time the drill box 2 and the clamp 5 move synchronously with the sliding frame. The secondary oil cylinder 6 can also only push the drill box 2 to move on the sliding frame, and a relative displacement occurs between the drill box 2 and the clamp 5.

[0032] The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method of the embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0033] Given a distance threshold d_0 between the supporting roof 1 and the coal wall, the actual distance d between the supporting roof 1 and the coal wall is measured.

[0034] If d>d_0, the supporting top plate 1 moves forward at a high speed, the drill box 2 moves forward at a high speed, and at the same time, the anchor rod 3 is injected with water, the anchor pump sucks grout, and the drill box motor reverses to drive the anchor rod 3 to rotate forward and drill holes.

[0035] If d≤d_0, the supporting top plate 1 moves forward at a low speed, and the drill box 2 moves forward at a high speed. At the same time, the anchor rod 3 is injected with water, the anchor pump sucks grout, and the drill box motor reverses to drive the anchor rod 3 to rotate forward and drill holes.

[0036] The oil pressure of the supporting oil cylinder 4 is collected. When the oil pressure of the supporting oil cylinder 4 exceeds the preset forward oil pressure threshold, it is determined that the supporting roof 1 has contacted the coal wall, and the supporting roof 1 stops moving forward.

[0037] The pressure on the drill box 2 is collected. When the pressure on the drill box 2 exceeds the preset pressure threshold, it is determined that the anchor rod 3 has contacted the coal wall, and the drill box 2 starts to advance and drill at a preset feed speed. It should be noted that during the drilling process, the drill box 2 always advances at a steady feed speed.

[0038] After the drilling is completed, the drill box 2 stops moving forward, the drill box motor stops reversing, the anchor rod 3 stops injecting water, and the anchor injection pump stops sucking grout.

[0039] The anchor pump discharges slurry to anchor the anchor rod 3. After the anchoring is completed, the drill box motor rotates forward to pre-tighten the anchor rod 3.

[0040] After the pre-tightening is completed, the drill box motor stops rotating forward, and the support top plate 1 and the drill box 2 retreat.

[0041] Therefore, compared with the construction method in which each step is carried out independently in the related art, the drilling and anchoring integrated construction method of the embodiment of the present invention is a method in which each link in the drilling construction process is carried out simultaneously, which effectively shortens the construction period, reduces labor intensity, and improves the construction quality and efficiency of coal mine tunnels.

[0042] In some embodiments, a distance sensor is installed on the supporting roof 1 to measure the actual distance between the supporting roof 1 and the coal wall, such as a laser sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an infrared sensor or any other suitable distance measuring device that can meet the requirements of measurement accuracy and real-time performance.

[0043] During the construction process, the distance sensor monitors the distance d between the supporting roof 1 and the coal wall in real time. The measured value is input into the control system and compared with the preset distance threshold d_0 to determine whether the supporting roof 1 moves forward at a high speed or a low speed.

[0044] In addition, in order to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the distance sensor in harsh construction environments, a protective cleaning device is set on the distance sensor. The device is designed to protect the sensor from external impact, dust and other environmental factors.

[0045] The guard consists of a sturdy protective shell made of impact-resistant material to withstand mechanical shock and vibration during construction. The shell fits tightly around the sensor to ensure that the sensor is not damaged during construction.

[0046] The guard is also equipped with cleaning tools, such as a cleaning mechanism similar to a car windshield wiper. The cleaning mechanism can regularly clean the sensor surface to remove dust and other dirt that may affect the distance measurement accuracy. The cleaning tool can be automatically activated by the control system or manually operated when necessary.

[0047] For example, the cleaning tool is driven by a micro motor or similar drive device to reciprocate or rotate on the sensor surface, thereby effectively removing dust and dirt from the sensor. The material selection of the cleaning tool can ensure that it will not scratch or otherwise damage the sensor surface during the cleaning process.

[0048] In some embodiments, a force sensor is installed between the drill box 2 and the drill box mounting seat to measure the pressure on the drill box 2 during the construction process.

[0049] The force sensor is connected to the control system and transmits the measured force signal to the control system in real time. Based on the data provided by the force sensor, the control system promptly identifies whether the drill box 2 encounters resistance (when the anchor rod 3 contacts the coal wall), thereby adjusting the feed speed of the drill box 2 and starting forward drilling.

[0050] In some embodiments, a distance or pressure sensor is provided between the top of the clamp 5 and the supporting top plate 1 to detect the state therebetween.

[0051] For example, a distance sensor is provided, and during the high-speed advancement of the support top plate 1, the distance between the top of the clamp 5 and the support top plate 1 is less than a set distance threshold. Alternatively, a pressure sensor is provided, and during the high-speed advancement of the support top plate 1, the top of the clamp 5 never contacts the support top plate 1, that is, the data measured by the pressure sensor is zero.

[0052] Thus, the clamp 5 is prevented from colliding with the support top plate 1 when the support top plate 1 moves forward at high speed, thereby preventing interference with the movement of the support top plate 1 and affecting the stability and speed of its advancement.

[0053] In some embodiments, during the process of the drill box 2 advancing to drill a hole, when the anchor rod 3 drills into a preset depth, the clamp 5 opens.

[0054] It should be noted that the clamp 5 is used to fix the anchor rod 3 to ensure that the anchor rod 3 can move forward along the predetermined trajectory during the drilling process to prevent the anchor rod 3 from deflecting or bending. In the actual construction process, when the anchor rod 3 just contacts the coal wall, the clamp 5 is closed to guide the anchor rod 3. When the anchor rod 3 is drilled to a certain depth, the forward trajectory of the anchor rod 3 has been formed, and the clamp 5 is no longer needed for assistance. For example, when it is detected that the anchor rod 3 has been drilled halfway, the clamp 5 can be opened to provide favorable avoidance for the advancement of the drill box 2 in advance.

[0055] In some embodiments, during the drilling process of the drill box 2, when the oil pressure of the secondary oil cylinder 6 exceeds a preset forward oil pressure threshold and the feed speed of the drill box 2 is lower than a preset feed speed, the drill box 2 stops moving forward.

[0056] It is understandable that during the process of the drill box 2 advancing and drilling, the oil pressure of the secondary oil cylinder 6 is always within a stable range, and its feed speed is also uniform. When the drill box 2 is drilling until it contacts the coal wall, the drill box 2 is blocked by the coal wall, the oil pressure of the secondary oil cylinder 6 will exceed the forward oil pressure threshold, and the speed of the drill box 2 will also drop to zero. Therefore, it is determined that the drill box 2 has drilled in place, and the drill box 2 stops moving forward.

[0057] In some embodiments, when the drill box motor pre-tightens the anchor rod 3, the pre-tightening pressure is one of the key parameters. When the pre-tightening pressure exceeds a preset threshold, the control system receives a signal from the sensor and instructs the drill box motor to stop forward rotation. At this point, the pre-tightening process is completed, indicating that the anchor rod 3 has reached a predetermined pre-tightening state.

[0058] After pre-tightening is completed, the drill box 2 and the clamp 5 begin to retreat. This process is usually driven by the secondary oil cylinder 6 to push the sliding frame to retreat synchronously.

[0059] If the distance between the top of the clamp 5 and the support top plate 1 is greater than the set distance threshold, the support top plate 1 and the drill box 2 are synchronously retreated at high speed. In this case, the equipment can return to the initial position as soon as possible while ensuring safety.

[0060] If the distance between the top of the clamp 5 and the supporting top plate 1 is less than the set distance threshold, the drill box 2 will retreat at high speed first, until the distance between the top of the clamp 5 and the supporting top plate 1 is greater than the set distance threshold, and the supporting top plate 1 and the drill box 2 will retreat synchronously at high speed. This situation takes into account the space limitations and safety requirements in the construction environment.

[0061] When the oil pressure of the secondary oil cylinder 6 exceeds the preset retraction oil pressure threshold, the drill box 2 stops retracting.

[0062] When the oil pressure of the supporting oil cylinder 4 exceeds the preset retraction oil pressure threshold, the supporting top plate 1 stops retracting.

[0063] Thereby, the construction work of the anchor rod 3 is completed.

[0064] In some embodiments, during the movement of the supporting top plate 1, the hydraulic oil flow of the supporting cylinder 4 is collected, and the estimated action time t_0 of the supporting top plate 1 moving from the current position to the target position is calculated based on the structural parameters and hydraulic oil flow of the supporting cylinder 4, and the actual action time t of the supporting top plate 1 moving from the current position to the target position is collected.

[0065] If t∈[t_0-ε, t_0+ε], the support top plate 1 moves normally.

[0066] If t<t_0-ε, the support top plate 1 moves abnormally, which may be caused by an abnormal sensor detecting the flow of the support cylinder 4, an abnormal distance sensor, an abnormal signal processing module, or an abnormal signal transmission component between the sensor and the signal processing module.

[0067] If t>t_0+ε, the movement of the supporting top plate 1 is abnormal, which may be caused by damage (leakage) of the supporting cylinder 4, leakage of the supporting cylinder 4 pipeline, abnormality of the sensor detecting the flow of the supporting cylinder 4, abnormality of the distance sensor, abnormality of the signal processing module, or abnormality of the signal transmission component between the sensor and the signal processing module.

[0068] Therefore, the given [t_0-ε, t_0+ε] time window is a fault tolerance range. Considering the time fluctuations that may exist in actual operation, ε represents this tolerable fluctuation range. The normal movement of the support top plate 1 means that the movement time of the support top plate 1 is within the actual expected time. If the time exceeds this range, it will be judged as abnormal, and the fault diagnosis will be carried out through the preset possible reasons, so as to guide further inspection and maintenance work, which is conducive to ensuring the stable operation of the hydraulic transmission equipment.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0070] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0071] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0072] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0073] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0074] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling and anchoring integrated construction method, characterized in that: include: Given a distance threshold d_0 between the supporting roof and the coal wall, measure the actual distance d between the supporting roof and the coal wall; If d>d_0, the supporting top plate moves forward at high speed, the drill box moves forward at high speed, and at the same time, the anchor rod is injected with water, the anchor pump sucks grout, and the drill box motor reverses to drive the anchor rod to rotate forward and drill holes; If d≤d_0, the supporting top plate moves forward at a low speed, and the drill box moves forward at a high speed. At the same time, the anchor rod is injected with water, the anchor pump sucks grout, and the drill box motor reverses to drive the anchor rod to rotate forward and drill holes. The oil pressure of the support cylinder is collected. When the oil pressure of the support cylinder exceeds the preset forward oil pressure threshold, the support top plate stops moving forward. The pressure on the drill box is collected. When the pressure on the drill box exceeds a preset pressure threshold, the drill box advances to drill at a preset feed speed. After the drilling is completed, the drill box stops moving forward, the drill box motor stops reversing, the anchor stops injecting water, and the anchor pump stops sucking grout; The anchor pump discharges slurry, and the drill box motor rotates forward to pre-tighten the anchor rod; After pre-tightening is completed, the drill box motor stops rotating forward, and the support top plate and drill box move back.

2. The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A distance sensor is installed on the supporting roof to measure the actual distance between the supporting roof and the coal wall, and a protective cleaning device is arranged on the distance sensor.

3. The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A force sensor is installed between the drill box and the drill box mounting base to measure the pressure on the drill box.

4. The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the supporting top plate advances at a high speed, the distance between the clamp top and the supporting top plate is less than a set distance threshold.

5. The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the drilling process of the drill box, when the anchor rod is drilled to the preset depth, the clamp opens.

6. The drilling-anchoring integrated construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the drilling process of the drill box, when the oil pressure of the secondary oil cylinder exceeds the preset forward oil pressure threshold and the feed speed of the drill box is lower than the preset feed speed, the drill box stops moving forward.

7. The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the drill box motor is pre-tightening the anchor bolt, if the pre-tightening pressure exceeds the threshold, the drill box motor stops rotating forward.

8. The drilling-anchoring integrated construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the retraction process, if the distance between the top of the clamp and the support top plate is greater than the set distance threshold, the support top plate and the drill box retract synchronously at high speed; During the retraction process, if the distance between the top of the clamp and the supporting top plate is less than the set distance threshold, the drill box will retract at high speed first until the distance between the top of the clamp and the supporting top plate is greater than the set distance threshold, and the supporting top plate and the drill box will retract synchronously at high speed.

9. The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the oil pressure of the secondary oil cylinder exceeds the preset retraction oil pressure threshold, the drill box stops retracting; when the oil pressure of the support oil cylinder exceeds the preset retraction oil pressure threshold, the support top plate stops retracting.

10. The drilling and anchoring integrated construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: During the movement of the supporting top plate, the hydraulic oil flow of the supporting cylinder is collected, and the estimated action time t_0 of the supporting top plate moving from the current position to the target position is calculated according to the structural parameters of the supporting cylinder and the hydraulic oil flow, and the actual action time t of the supporting top plate moving from the current position to the target position is collected; If t∈[t_0-ε, t_0+ε], the support top plate moves normally; If t<t_0-ε, t>t_0+ε, the movement of the supporting top plate is abnormal.

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