Dynamic optical monitoring platform and method for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC

Abstract

This invention discloses a dynamic optical monitoring platform and method for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC. The platform includes an optical characteristic detection module for detecting the pulse width and transient spectrum of the sample's self-emission process, a dynamic characteristic detection module for detecting the pulsation process of the sample, and an optical imaging module for acquiring shadow images of the sample during the pulsation process. The monitoring platform provided by this invention integrates multiple modules and possesses ultra-high temporal resolution, enabling simultaneous measurement of multiple physical quantities. Its measurement range includes the transient spectrum, transient light intensity, pulse width, transmission characteristics of the excitation light, spatial distribution of the sample's pulsation size, and possible physical phenomena. Based on time-synchronized experiments, it combines theoretical models to analyze and fuse various dynamic signals of the sample under certain conditions. This measurement system achieves precise synchronization and ultra-high temporal resolution dynamic monitoring of multiple modules in complex scenarios by designing corresponding combined optical paths for each module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical detection technology for micro-sized luminescent samples, and in particular to a dynamic optical monitoring platform and method for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional methods of spectral measurement, such as spectrometer measurements, are limited by the physical constraints of optical components (e.g., gratings, filters), resulting in limited resolution. This is especially true for wide-band measurements, where it may be difficult to accurately distinguish closely spaced spectral lines. In low signal-to-noise ratio scenarios or with weak measurement signals, traditional spectrometers may take a long time to obtain accurate spectra, making them unsuitable for rapidly changing optical phenomena. While measuring the width of light pulses involves using photodetectors (e.g., photodiodes or photomultiplier tubes) to convert the light signal into an electrical signal, an oscilloscope can directly display the pulse's temporal characteristics. However, the temporal resolution of traditional oscilloscopes may be insufficient for accurately measuring the width of extremely short pulses (e.g., picoseconds or femtoseconds). Although some oscilloscopes have high sampling rates, they still cannot meet the precise measurement requirements of ultrafast pulses. Furthermore, the conversion of light signals into electrical signals using photodetectors may introduce errors, especially with high-frequency or high-energy pulses, where conversion efficiency and noise can affect the measurement results.

[0003] Common methods for measuring the dynamics of micro-sized samples include optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and particle tracking. Microscopy requires strict spatial and temporal resolution, and it cannot accurately capture the sample's motion in real time when the signal strength is weak. Particle tracking can obtain the trajectory and size distribution of micro-sized samples in real time, but it may be difficult to accurately track particle trajectories in complex flow environments or for very small particles. Furthermore, particle tracking requires extensive data processing and trajectory analysis, which can be extremely cumbersome, especially in high-density particle or complex fluid environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a dynamic optical monitoring platform and method for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC. This platform utilizes time-correlated single-photon counting to form a modular, multifunctional integrated comprehensive optical platform with ultra-high time resolution and simultaneous measurement of multiple physical quantities. It can simultaneously measure and analyze dynamic signals such as the dynamic and optical properties of the sample under test in various complex scenarios.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] The present invention provides a dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC, comprising an optical property detection module, a dynamic property detection module, and an optical imaging module;

[0007] The optical property detection module is used to detect the pulse width and transient spectrum of the sample's self-emission process;

[0008] The kinetic characteristic detection module is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration, and particle size of the sample during the pulsation process.

[0009] The optical imaging module is used to control the exposure time and duration under the control of pulsed laser as the timing, and to acquire the shadow image of the sample under test during the pulsation process.

[0010] Furthermore, the optical characteristic detection module includes a third photomultiplier tube, a monochromator, and a time-correlated single-photon counting module;

[0011] The third photomultiplier tube is used to receive monochromatic light of a single wavelength emitted from the monochromator, and to use this signal as a test signal to delay and accumulate the count with the trigger signal received by the second photomultiplier tube at the other end.

[0012] The monochromator is used to convert incident polychromatic light into monochromatic light of a single wavelength and output it to the third photomultiplier tube.

[0013] The time-correlated single-photon counting module is used to record the probability distribution of a single wavelength single photon detected by the third photomultiplier tube over a time series.

[0014] Furthermore, the dynamic characteristic detection module includes a pulsed laser generator and a first photomultiplier tube;

[0015] The pulsed laser generator is used to emit pulsed laser light that passes through the micro-sized sample to be tested, and the scattered laser light is received by the first photomultiplier tube.

[0016] The first photomultiplier tube is used to receive the laser beam scattered from the sample to measure the pulsation pattern and size change of the micro-sized sample.

[0017] Furthermore, the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube is 78-82°.

[0018] Furthermore, the optical imaging module includes a digital camera, a pulsed laser generator, and a timing controller;

[0019] The digital camera is used to capture shadow images of the sample under test during the pulsation process under specific conditions using phase-locked time delay technology, and to simultaneously observe other derived physical phenomena generated during the excitation process of the sample under test.

[0020] The pulsed laser generator is used to excite the sample under test and to provide a background light source for the camera to take pictures;

[0021] The timing controller is used to adjust the emission frequency of the pulsed laser to match that of the sample, and at the same time, to control the exposure time and duration of the digital camera 2 so that it matches the pulsation frequency of the sample to be tested.

[0022] The present invention provides a dynamic optical monitoring method for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1: A stable luminescent ultrasonic cavitation bubble is generated in the sample cavity under the condition of an external ultrasonic field.

[0024] S2: Use the pulsed emission signal of the sample detected by the photomultiplier tube as the trigger signal;

[0025] S3: The sample pulse emission is converted into monochromatic light of a single wavelength by a monochromator and emitted onto a photomultiplier tube. The light is then used as a detection signal and input to the time-correlated single-photon counting module to obtain the pulse width and spectrum of light in different wavelength bands.

[0026] S4: A laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser penetrates an ultrasonic cavitation bubble, and some of the scattered light is received by a photomultiplier tube. When the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube reaches a preset value, the change in the size of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process over time is obtained.

[0027] S5: While measuring the optical and kinetic properties of the cavitation bubble, a digital camera is used to capture the shadow image of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process.

[0028] Furthermore, in step S3, the detection signal is statistically accumulated and counted under the control of the trigger signal to obtain the optical pulse width and spectrum under different wavelength bands.

[0029] Furthermore, the preset value of the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube in step S4 is 78-82°.

[0030] Furthermore, in step S4, the spatial size distribution, radial vibration, and particle size information of the sample during the pulsation process are detected by the kinetic characteristic detection module.

[0031] Furthermore, it also includes the following steps:

[0032] The measured dynamic data are processed and analyzed to obtain the pulsation velocity and rate of change of velocity of the sample. The processing and analysis process is as follows:

[0033] The measured sample pulsating electrical signal is expressed using a mathematical expression relating Mie scattering intensity and sample size:

[0034] I s =-A*r 2.327 ;

[0035] Where Is is the electrical signal intensity, A is the correction coefficient, and r is the sample radius.

[0036] The Mie scattering electrical signal with relative intensity change is converted into the corresponding absolute sample radius.

[0037] The pulsation velocity of the sample is obtained by taking the first derivative of the absolute sample radius over time, and the rate of change of the sample velocity is obtained by taking the second derivative of the absolute sample radius.

[0038] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0039] The present invention provides a dynamic optical monitoring platform and method for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC. Its advantages lie in the modular and multifunctional integration of multiple optical components and its ultra-high temporal resolution for simultaneous measurement of multiple physical quantities. Its measurement range includes the transient spectrum, transient light intensity, light pulse width, transmission characteristics of the excitation light, spatial distribution of sample pulse size, and possible physical phenomena of the sample under test. Based on time-synchronized experiments, it combines theoretical models to analyze and fuse various dynamic signals of the sample under test as it evolves under certain conditions. This measurement system achieves precise synchronization and ultra-high temporal resolution dynamic monitoring of multiple modules in complex scenarios through the design of corresponding combined optical paths for each module.

[0040] The present invention provides a dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC. This platform coordinates the optical paths of each module to synchronously and accurately measure the optical properties (light intensity, light pulse width, spontaneous emission transient spectrum, transient fluorescence spectrum, sample optical transmission spectrum, etc.) and dynamic properties (pulsation velocity changes with time, sample size changes and spatial distribution, etc.) of the sample.

[0041] This platform is a comprehensive optical platform based on the modular, multifunctional integration of TCSPC, featuring ultra-high temporal resolution and simultaneous measurement of multiple physical quantities. It achieves dynamic monitoring of samples by simultaneously measuring their optical and dynamic properties with ultra-high temporal resolution. Based on TCSPC technology, the system employs a corresponding optical path design to achieve precise synchronization and ultra-high temporal resolution for multi-optical, multi-module, and multi-physical quantity dynamic monitoring.

[0042] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the following drawings are provided for illustration.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC.

[0045] Figure 2 The steps and procedures for conducting experiments on this platform.

[0046] Figure 3 To capture optical images of bubble collapse when using an ultrasonically cavitated single bubble as a sample.

[0047] In the figure, 1 is the sample chamber, 2 is the digital camera, 3 is the first photomultiplier tube, 4 is the grating monochromator, 5 is the second photomultiplier tube, 6 is the third photomultiplier tube, 7 is the pulsed laser generator, 8 is the timing controller, 9 is the time-correlated single-photon counting module, and 10 is the computer. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples provided in this embodiment includes an optical property detection module, a dynamic property detection module, and an optical imaging module.

[0051] The optical property detection module is used to detect the pulse width and transient spectrum of the sample's self-emission process;

[0052] The kinetic characteristic detection module is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration, and particle size of the sample during the pulsation process.

[0053] The optical imaging module is used to control the exposure time and duration under the control of pulsed laser as the timing, and to acquire the shadow image of the sample 1 under test during the pulsation process.

[0054] The optical characteristic detection module includes a monochromator 4, a third photomultiplier tube 6, and a time-correlated single-photon counting module TCSPC9;

[0055] The monochromator 4 is used to convert the incident polychromatic light into monochromatic light of a single wavelength and emit it onto the third photomultiplier tube 6.

[0056] The third photomultiplier tube 6 is used to receive monochromatic light of a single wavelength emitted from the monochromator, and to use this signal as a test signal to delay and accumulate the count with the trigger signal received by the second photomultiplier tube 5 at the other end.

[0057] The time-correlated single-photon counting module 9 is used by the TCSPC module 9 to record the probability distribution of single-wavelength single photons detected by the third photomultiplier tube 6 over a time series. Its time axis is set to the time delay between the photon received by the third photomultiplier tube 6 and the trigger signal (detected by the second photomultiplier tube 5). When the TCSPC detects a photon, it can measure the time corresponding to the detector pulse within the signal period. Each time such an event (photon) is recorded, a "1" is added to the corresponding storage unit, the address of which corresponds to the detection time. After statistically recording multiple photons accumulated over a long period, the TCSPC module 9 can output a light pulse waveform of a specific wavelength from the emitting element based on the number of photons in each unit corresponding to different detection times in the memory.

[0058] Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) is a technique used to measure the dynamics and optical properties of micro-sized samples. It is a high-temporal-resolution optical measurement technique widely applied to measure time delays and transient processes in optical phenomena, particularly in fluorescence lifetime detection, cavitation bubble monitoring, single-molecule detection, ultrafast laser pulse analysis, and scattering and transmission studies. The core principle of TCSPC is to precisely record the arrival time of each photon at the detector through single-photon counting, thereby achieving time-resolved analysis of optical events. For micro-sized luminescent samples (acoustic cavitation bubbles, fluorescent quantum dots, laser-induced cavitation bubbles, etc.) that can generate pulsations and emit transient pulse beams under certain conditions, this technique allows for a clearer understanding of their characteristics and evolution.

[0059] The dynamic characteristic detection module includes a first photomultiplier tube 3 and a pulsed laser 7;

[0060] The first photomultiplier tube 3 is used to receive the laser beam scattered outward from the sample, thereby measuring the pulsation pattern and size change of the micro-sized sample;

[0061] The pulsed laser 7 is used to emit pulsed laser light that passes through the micro-sized sample to be tested, and the scattered laser light is received by the first photomultiplier tube 3.

[0062] The optical imaging module includes a digital camera 2, a pulsed laser generator 7, and a timing controller 8;

[0063] The digital camera 2 is used to capture shadow images of the sample under test during the pulsation process under specific conditions using phase-locked time delay technology. At the same time, it can simultaneously observe other derived physical phenomena generated during the excitation process of the sample under test, such as shock waves and microjets.

[0064] The pulsed laser generator 7 is used to excite the sample to be tested and to provide a background light source for the camera to take pictures.

[0065] The timing controller 8 is used to adjust the emission frequency of the pulsed laser to match that of the sample, and at the same time control the exposure time and duration of the digital camera 2 to match the pulse frequency of the sample to be tested.

[0066] In this embodiment, the sample chamber 1 can achieve physical and chemical excitation of the sample under test within this chamber by changing the external conditions;

[0067] The optical characteristic detection module in this embodiment includes a monochromator 4, a third photomultiplier tube 6, a time-correlated single-photon counting module 9, and a corresponding optical path. It is used to detect the light pulse width and transient spectrum of the self-emission process of the sample. At the same time, it can also detect the optical characteristics of the transmitted light of the sample, such as the change of transmitted light intensity relative to incident light intensity at different wavelengths.

[0068] Under specific conditions, the sample emits spontaneous light (e.g., sonoluminescence produced by an ultrasonic cavitation bubble after reaching the emission threshold) or undergoes stimulated emission (quantum dots can emit fluorescence of a specific wavelength when excited by a laser; due to the size effect of quantum dots, their absorption and emission wavelengths are relatively tunable, and efficient stimulated emission can be achieved). Its pulsed emission is detected by the second photomultiplier tube 5. This signal is used as a reference signal or a trigger signal, and then transmitted to the time-correlated single-photon counting module 9.

[0069] At the same time, the pulse emission expands the light collection range through two reflectors and reflects the beam into the grating monochromator 4 without chromatic aberration;

[0070] The function of the monochromator 4 is to convert the incident polychromatic light into monochromatic light of a single wavelength and output it to the third photomultiplier tube 6, and input it as a detection signal to the time-correlated single-photon counting module 9. The time-correlated single-photon counting module 9 can record the probability distribution of the single-wavelength single photon detected by the third photomultiplier tube 6 in the time series. Its time axis is set to the time delay between the photon received by the third photomultiplier tube 6 and the trigger signal (detected by the second photomultiplier tube 5).

[0071] When a photon is detected, the time-correlated single-photon counting module 9 can measure the time corresponding to the detector pulse within the signal period. Each time such an event (photon) is recorded, a "1" is added to the corresponding storage unit. The address of the storage unit corresponds to the detection time.

[0072] After statistically recording multiple photons accumulated over a long period, the time-correlated single-photon counting module 9 can output a light pulse waveform of a specific wavelength from the emitting body based on the number of photons in each unit corresponding to different detection times in the memory. On this basis, by adjusting the frequency of the monochromator 4, the light pulse width at different wavelengths can be obtained. Then, by integrating and accumulating the light pulse widths at different wavelengths, the transient spectrum of the sample at each moment can be obtained.

[0073] During the measurement, a combination of several custom lenses and mirrors adapted to the parameters and specifications of the sample under test was used to achieve beam diffusion, collimation, and focusing, so that even extremely weak beams could be received by the photomultiplier tube.

[0074] The dynamic characteristic detection module in this embodiment includes a first photomultiplier tube 3, a second photomultiplier tube 5, and a corresponding optical path; it is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration, particle size, and other information of the sample during the pulsation process; it can record the radial vibration, particle size, and other information of the sample. The second photomultiplier tube 5 can receive the pulse emission signal in real time and use this signal as a trigger signal. The timing controller 8 controls the ultrafast pulse laser 7 to emit synchronous pulse laser. By adjusting the angle between the pulse laser and the first photomultiplier tube 3 (approximately 78-82°, which can effectively reduce the local bulging phenomenon caused by the increase of scattered light intensity as the radius of the scatterer increases), the size of the sample under test can be measured under certain conditions within repeatable cycles over time. After processing and analyzing the measured dynamic data, the pulsation velocity and velocity change rate of the sample can be obtained.

[0075] The dynamic data in this embodiment includes the size distribution and particle size that change over time during the pulsation of the detection sample.

[0076] In this embodiment, the optimal angle between it and the first photomultiplier tube 3 is set to 80°, which can ensure that the LC effect is minimized; otherwise, the value can be set to 78, 79, 81, etc., depending on the actual situation.

[0077] The process of processing and analyzing the measured dynamic data in this embodiment is as follows: First, the measured sample pulsating electrical signal is expressed using the mathematical expression of Mie scattering intensity and sample size:

[0078] I s =-A*r 2.327;

[0079] Where Is is the electrical signal intensity, A is the correction coefficient, and r is the sample radius.

[0080] The Mie scattering electrical signal with relative intensity change can be converted into the corresponding absolute sample radius. The first derivative of this radius in time is the pulsation velocity of the sample. Then, the second derivative of this radius can be used to obtain the rate of change of the sample velocity.

[0081] The optical imaging module in this embodiment includes a digital camera 2, a pulsed laser generator 7, a timing controller 8, a beam expander and collimating lens; using pulsed laser as timing control, the exposure time and duration are controlled, and combined with phase-locked time delay technology, the shadow image of the sample under test during the pulsation process under specific conditions can be captured;

[0082] Using pulsed laser as timing control, the exposure time and duration are controlled. Combined with phase-locked time delay technology, shadow images of the sample under test during the pulsation process under specific conditions can be captured. At the same time, other derived physical phenomena generated during the excitation process of the sample under test, such as shock waves and microjets, can be observed simultaneously. The timing synchronization control of each module can be realized through the timing controller 8 and the computer 10.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] like Figure 2 As shown, the dynamic optical monitoring method for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0085] S1: A stable luminescent ultrasonic cavitation bubble is generated in the sample cavity under the condition of an external ultrasonic field.

[0086] S2: Use the pulsed emission signal of the sample detected by the photomultiplier tube as the trigger signal;

[0087] S3: The sample pulse emission is converted into monochromatic light of a single wavelength by a monochromator and emitted onto a photomultiplier tube. The light is then used as a detection signal and input to the time-correlated single-photon counting module to obtain the pulse width and spectrum of light in different wavelength bands.

[0088] S4: A laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser penetrates an ultrasonic cavitation bubble, and some of the scattered light is received by a photomultiplier tube. When the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube reaches a preset value, the change in the size of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process over time is obtained.

[0089] S5: While measuring the optical and kinetic properties of the cavitation bubble, a digital camera is used to capture the shadow image of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process.

[0090] In step S3, the detection signal is obtained by statistically accumulating and counting under the control of the trigger signal to obtain the optical pulse width and spectrum under different wavelengths.

[0091] In step S4, the preset angle between the pulsed laser beam and the photomultiplier tube receiving slit is 78-82°, and in this embodiment, the angle is 80°.

[0092] In step S4, the spatial size distribution, radial vibration, and particle size information of the sample during the pulsation process are detected by the kinetic characteristic detection module.

[0093] This embodiment uses an ultrasonically cavitation single-bubble sample as an example to illustrate the specific monitoring process;

[0094] In the optical property detection module: First, a stable ultrasonic cavitation bubble is generated in sample cavity 1 under the condition of an external ultrasonic field, and parameters such as matching impedance are adjusted to achieve a stable luminescence state; one beam of light is received by the second photomultiplier tube 5 through a light-receiving optical path composed of custom lenses and used as a trigger signal; the other beam of light passes through two reflectors to widen the optical path and then enters the monochromator 4 without chromatic aberration, based on the dispersion characteristics and diffraction principles of light. Through the action of a series of optical elements, the monochromator separates multicolor light into monochromatic light for accurate spectral analysis and measurement. Light enters the monochromator from the entrance slit, passes through components such as convex lenses, reflectors, flat glass, and gratings, and finally outputs monochromatic light of a specific wavelength.

[0095] Then, according to the measurement requirements, monochromatic light of different wavelengths is selected and incident into the third photomultiplier tube 6. As a measurement signal, it is statistically accumulated and counted based on the time delay by the TCSPC device 9 and the trigger signal to obtain the light pulse width and spectrum under different wavelengths.

[0096] In the dynamic characteristic detection module: the laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser 7 penetrates the ultrasonic cavitation bubble, and part of the scattered light is received by the first photomultiplier tube 3. When the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube 3 is 80°, the change of the size of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process can be obtained.

[0097] While measuring the optical and dynamic characteristics of the cavitation bubble, a digital camera 2 combined with phase-locked time delay technology can be used to capture shadow images of the cavitation bubble during the pulsating process, such as... Figure 3 As shown; or other physical phenomena generated at the moment of single bubble collapse, such as shock waves, microjets, etc. Wherein, PMT3 represents the first photomultiplier tube 3; PMT4 represents the photomultiplier tube 4; PMT5 represents the second photomultiplier tube 5;

[0098] The method provided in this embodiment enables the detection of optical and dynamic properties of micro-sized pulsating samples when they are excited by light. The timing controller can synchronize the timing of the entire system, achieving a high degree of integration of multiple modules such as dynamics, morphology and optical properties of micro-sized pulsed samples.

[0099] The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC, characterized in that: It includes an optical property detection module, a dynamic property detection module, and an optical imaging module; The optical property detection module is used to detect the pulse width and transient spectrum of the sample's self-emission process; The kinetic characteristic detection module is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration, and particle size of the sample during the pulsation process. The optical imaging module is used to control the exposure time and duration under the control of pulsed laser as the timing, and to acquire the shadow image of the sample under test during the pulsation process; The optical characteristic detection module includes a third photomultiplier tube, a monochromator, and a time-correlated single-photon counting module. The third photomultiplier tube is used to receive monochromatic light of a single wavelength emitted from the monochromator, and to use this signal as a test signal to delay and accumulate the count with the trigger signal received by the second photomultiplier tube at the other end. The monochromator is used to convert incident polychromatic light into monochromatic light of a single wavelength and output it to the third photomultiplier tube. The time-correlated single-photon counting module is used to record the probability distribution of a single wavelength single photon detected by the third photomultiplier tube over a time series. The dynamic characteristic detection module includes a pulsed laser generator and a first photomultiplier tube; The pulsed laser generator is used to emit pulsed laser light that passes through the micro-sized sample to be tested, and the scattered laser light is received by the first photomultiplier tube. The first photomultiplier tube is used to receive the laser beam scattered from the sample to measure the pulsation pattern and size change of the micro-sized sample; The angle between the pulsed laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube is 78-82°. The optical imaging module includes a digital camera, a pulsed laser generator, and a timing controller; The digital camera is used to capture shadow images of the sample under test during the pulsation process under specific conditions using phase-locked time delay technology, and to simultaneously observe other derived physical phenomena generated during the excitation process of the sample under test. The pulsed laser generator is used to excite the sample under test and to provide a background light source for the camera to take pictures; The timing controller is used to adjust the emission frequency of the pulsed laser to match that of the sample, and at the same time, to control the exposure time and duration of the digital camera to match the pulsation frequency of the sample to be tested.

2. The monitoring method implemented by the TCSPC-based dynamic optical monitoring platform for micro-sized luminescent samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: A stable luminescent ultrasonic cavitation bubble is generated in the sample cavity under the condition of an external ultrasonic field. S2: Use the pulsed emission signal of the sample detected by the photomultiplier tube as the trigger signal; S3: The sample pulse emission is converted into monochromatic light of a single wavelength by a monochromator and emitted onto a photomultiplier tube. The light is then used as a detection signal and input to the time-correlated single-photon counting module to obtain the pulse width and spectrum of light in different wavelength bands. S4: A laser beam emitted by a pulsed laser penetrates an ultrasonic cavitation bubble, and some of the scattered light is received by a photomultiplier tube. When the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube reaches a preset value, the change in the size of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process over time is obtained. S5: While measuring the optical and kinetic properties of the cavitation bubble, a digital camera is used to capture the shadow image of the cavitation bubble during the pulsation process.

3. The method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the detection signal is statistically accumulated and counted under the control of the trigger signal to obtain the optical pulse width and spectrum under different wavelengths.

4. The method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The preset value of the angle between the pulsed laser beam and the receiving slit of the first photomultiplier tube in step S4 is 78-82°.

5. The method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, the kinetic characteristic detection module is used to detect the spatial size distribution, radial vibration, and particle size information of the sample during the pulsation process.

6. The method for dynamic optical monitoring of micro-sized luminescent samples based on TCSPC as described in claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes the following steps: The measured dynamic data are processed and analyzed to obtain the pulsation velocity and rate of change of velocity of the sample. The processing and analysis process is as follows: The measured sample pulsating electrical signal is expressed using a mathematical expression relating Mie scattering intensity and sample size: I s =-A*r 2.327 ; Where Is is the electrical signal intensity, A is the correction coefficient, and r is the sample radius. The Mie scattering electrical signal with relative intensity change is converted into the corresponding absolute sample radius; The pulsation velocity of the sample is obtained by taking the first derivative of the absolute sample radius over time, and the rate of change of the sample velocity is obtained by taking the second derivative of the absolute sample radius.

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