A magnetic quadrupole periodic cell, focusing system and focusing array

Abstract

The application discloses a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, a focusing system and a focusing array, which comprise two magnetic quadrupoles; the magnetic quadrupole comprises two first magnets and two second magnets, and the short edges of the first magnets and the second magnets enclose a channel accommodating a high-frequency circuit, and an electron beam channel is located at the center of the channel; the two first magnets are located at two opposite sides of the channel in a second direction, and the polarities of the two first magnets close to one end of the channel are the same; the two second magnets are located at two opposite sides of the channel in a first direction, and the polarities of the two second magnets close to one end of the channel are the same, and the polarity of the first magnet close to one end of the channel is opposite to the polarity of the second magnet close to one end of the channel; the magnetization direction of the first magnet of one magnetic quadrupole is opposite to the magnetization direction of the first magnet of another magnetic quadrupole; and the magnetization direction of the second magnet of one magnetic quadrupole is opposite to the magnetization direction of the second magnet of another magnetic quadrupole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave vacuum electronic devices. More specifically, it relates to a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, a focusing system, and a focusing array. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated array traveling wave tubes (TWTs) show promising applications in radar, communications, and electronic warfare. However, these TWTs have shortcomings in their focusing system architecture: existing technologies generally employ a single, integrated magnetic focusing system to constrain the electron beam propagation across multiple channels (e.g., Figure 1 As shown, this overall focusing method cannot maintain the symmetry of the magnetic field in each electron beam channel. The difference in the transverse magnetic field always exists, which leads to a series of complex problems such as increased electron beam fluctuation, envelope expansion, and trajectory deviation, resulting in a decrease in the final flux. This architectural defect has become a major problem that integrated array traveling wave tube electron optics is currently difficult to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, one object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit.

[0004] One object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

[0005] One object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic quadrupole focusing array suitable for integrated array traveling wave tube technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit is provided, comprising:

[0008] Two magnetic quadrupoles are arranged along the direction of electron beam propagation, with a gap between the two magnetic quadrupoles;

[0009] The magnetic quadrupole includes two first magnets and two second magnets. The short sides of the first magnets and the second magnets enclose a channel to accommodate a high-frequency circuit, and the electron beam channel passes through the center of the channel.

[0010] The channels of the two magnetic quadrupoles are connected in a corresponding manner;

[0011] The magnetic quadrupole has a cross-shaped structure, with two first magnets extending along a first direction and located on opposite sides of the channel in a second direction, and the polarities of the two first magnets are the same at the ends closest to the channel.

[0012] Two second magnets extend along a second direction and are located on opposite sides of the channel in a first direction. The polarities of the two second magnets are the same at the ends near the channel, while the polarities of the first magnet at the ends near the channel and the second magnet at the ends near the channel are opposite.

[0013] The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the electron beam travel direction is a third direction that is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.

[0014] The magnetization direction of the first magnet in the first magnetic quadrupole is opposite to that of the corresponding first magnet in the second magnetic quadrupole;

[0015] The magnetization direction of the second magnet in the first magnetic quadrupole is opposite to that of the corresponding second magnet in the second magnetic quadrupole.

[0016] Alternatively, both the first and second magnets can be rectangular parallelepiped structures with the same dimensions.

[0017] The short side length of both the first magnet and the second magnet is b. The projection of the channel onto the plane perpendicular to the third direction is a square with dimensions b*b.

[0018] Alternatively, the electron injection channel can be a cylindrical channel with its central axis coinciding with the central axis of the channel.

[0019] The radius of the electron beam channel is r, where r < b / 2.

[0020] Alternatively, the magnetic field applied by the four magnets of the first magnetic quadrupole in the two magnetic quadrupoles causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a Lorentz force that converges in the fourth direction and a Lorentz force that diverges in the fifth direction.

[0021] The magnetic field exerted by the four magnets of the second magnetic quadrupole causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a Lorentz force that diverges in the fourth direction and converges in the fifth direction.

[0022] The fourth and fifth directions are perpendicular to each other, and the angle between the fourth direction and the first and second directions is 45°.

[0023] According to one aspect of the present invention, a magnetic quadrupole focusing system is provided, comprising a plurality of magnetic quadrupole periodic units, wherein the plurality of magnetic quadrupole periodic units are arranged sequentially along a third direction;

[0024] The channels of each magnetic quadrupole periodic unit are connected sequentially to form an installation channel for installing high-frequency circuits.

[0025] The distance between the end faces of two magnetic quadrupoles that are close to each other in the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit is L1;

[0026] The distance between the end faces of two adjacent magnetic quadrupole periodic units in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system is L2;

[0027] Where L1 = L2.

[0028] According to one aspect of the present invention, a magnetic quadrupole focusing array is provided, comprising a plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, wherein the plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along a first direction and / or a second direction.

[0029] Alternatively, multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems can be arranged along the first direction;

[0030] In the first direction, magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a first magnet. One end of the first magnet constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and the other end constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

[0031] Alternatively, multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems can be arranged along the second direction.

[0032] In the second direction, magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a second magnet. One end of the second magnet constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and the other end constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

[0033] Alternatively, multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems can be arranged in a matrix structure along the first and second directions.

[0034] In the first direction, magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a first magnet. One end of the first magnet constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and the other end constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

[0035] In the second direction, magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a second magnet. One end of the second magnet constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and the other end constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

[0036] Alternatively, the magnetic quadrupole focusing array may include m mounting channels arranged along a first direction and n mounting channels arranged along a second direction.

[0037] The number M of the first magnets in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated using the following formula:

[0038] M=(m+1)*n*2t

[0039] The number N of the second magnets in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated using the following formula:

[0040] N = (n+1)*m*2t

[0041] Where t is the number of periodic units of the magnetic quadrupole in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and m, n, and t are all integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0043] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, a focusing system, and a focusing array. By precisely arranging magnetic quadrupoles to form a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, symmetrical focusing of the electron beam is achieved. By combining the magnetic quadrupole periodic units to form a magnetic quadrupole focusing system and a magnetic quadrupole focusing array, the problem of asymmetrical lateral magnetic field distribution in traditional integrated array traveling wave tubes is solved.

[0044] The magnetic quadrupole provided in this embodiment of the invention consists of four magnets arranged alternately in four magnetization directions, capable of generating focusing and defocusing magnetic fields in the fourth and fifth directions, respectively. Multiple magnetic quadrupole periodic units are arranged along the electron beam propagation direction to form a periodically focusing magnetic quadrupole focusing system. This system is arranged along a first and / or second direction to form a magnetic quadrupole focusing array. This array periodically applies alternating magnetic fields along the electron beam propagation path, alternately applying focusing and defocusing effects to the electron beam in the fourth and fifth directions, thereby achieving a stable focusing and propagation effect for the electron beam as a whole.

[0045] The design of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array ensures that the magnetic field distribution in each electron beam channel is symmetrical. Due to the symmetry of the magnetic quadrupole, the magnetic force experienced by the electron beam when passing through each magnetic quadrupole periodic unit is consistent and predictable, effectively eliminating the asymmetry of the transverse magnetic field and ensuring that the electron beam maintains good beam quality and stability during transmission.

[0046] Magnetic quadrupoles are constructed from magnets with a simple structure made of permanent magnetic materials, which reduces manufacturing costs while maintaining reliability and thermal stability. The modular design of the periodic units of the magnetic quadrupole facilitates the large-scale integration of magnetic quadrupole focusing arrays, reduces the difficulty of array focusing, and promotes the array integration of traveling wave tubes.

[0047] In summary, the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, focusing system, and focusing array provided by the embodiments of the present invention achieve effective focusing of electron beams in each electron beam channel through the symmetrical distribution of the periodic magnetic quadrupole magnetic field, solving the problems caused by the asymmetric magnetic field in traditional focusing systems. It has significant advantages such as simple structure, superior performance, and easy integration, and can reduce the difficulty of adapting the focusing system and high-frequency circuits. It is suitable for integrated array traveling wave tube systems. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a structure in the prior art where a magnetic focusing system constrains the electron beam transmission through multiple channels.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a front view of a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 3 A side view of a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0053] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the polarity distribution of two magnetic quadrupoles in a periodic unit of a magnetic quadrupole provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 6 Show Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution applied by the four magnets of two magnetic quadrupoles.

[0055] Figure 7 Showing electron beam in Figure 6 The diagram shows the Lorentz force experienced by an electron in a magnetic field.

[0056] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the magnetic quadrupole focusing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0057] Figure 9 A side view of the magnetic quadrupole focusing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0058] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0059] Figure 11 This is a front view of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 12 A side view of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0061] Figure 13 A vector diagram showing the magnetic field distribution of a 2x3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array.

[0062] Figure 14 The amplitude diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array is shown.

[0063] Figure 15 The electron beam trajectory diagram of a 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0065] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0066] In this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the first feature "above" or "below" the second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features not in direct contact but through another feature between them.

[0067] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0068] In existing technologies, the overall focusing magnetic field of traditional array traveling wave tubes is usually axisymmetrically distributed, making it difficult to maintain symmetry within multiple electron beam channels. Each channel typically exhibits an uneven lateral magnetic field distribution in the vertical and horizontal directions. This asymmetrical magnetic field distribution specifically leads to the following problems:

[0069] 1. Electron Beam Trajectory Deflection: Due to the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field, the magnetic force experienced by the electron beam as it passes through the electron beam channel is also uneven, leading to a deviation in the electron beam's trajectory. This deviation prevents the electron beam from traveling along the expected path, potentially causing electron beam interception and resulting in reduced output power and efficiency.

[0070] 2. Focusing failure: Inhomogeneity of the magnetic field may also lead to the failure of the focusing system, and the electron beam cannot be effectively focused, resulting in insufficient or excessive focusing, which further aggravates the deviation and instability of the electron beam.

[0071] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10, such as... Figure 2-15 As shown, the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10 includes two magnetic quadrupoles 1 arranged along the electron beam propagation direction, with a gap between the two magnetic quadrupoles 1. In this embodiment, the electron beam propagation direction is... Figure 4 The Z-axis direction in this embodiment. It can be understood that the electron beam travel direction described in this embodiment is... Figure 4 The Z-axis direction in the equation.

[0072] The magnetic quadrupole 1 includes two first magnets 11 and two second magnets 12. The short sides of the first magnets 11 and the second magnets 12 enclose a channel 13 for accommodating a high-frequency circuit. An electron beam channel 14 passes through the center of the channel 13. In a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10, the channels 13 of the two magnetic quadrupoles 1 are arranged to be connected to each other so that the high-frequency circuit can be placed therein.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, the magnetic quadrupole 1 has a cross-shaped structure, with two first magnets 11 extending along a first direction and located on opposite sides of the channel 13 in a second direction. The polarities of the two first magnets 11 near the end of the channel 13 are the same. It can be understood that the first direction mentioned in this embodiment refers to... Figure 4 The Y-axis direction in the diagram.

[0074] Two second magnets 12 extend along a second direction and are located on opposite sides of the channel 13 in the first direction. The polarities of the two second magnets 12 near the channel 13 are the same, and the polarities of the second magnets 12 near the channel 13 are opposite to the polarities of the first magnet 11 near the channel 13. It can be understood that the second direction described in this embodiment is... Figure 4 The X-axis direction in the diagram.

[0075] In the periodic unit 10 of the magnetic quadrupole, the magnetization direction of the first magnet 11 of the first magnetic quadrupole is opposite to that of the corresponding first magnet 11 in the second magnetic quadrupole; the magnetization direction of the second magnet 12 of the first magnetic quadrupole is opposite to that of the corresponding second magnet 12 in the second magnetic quadrupole.

[0076] like Figure 4-5 As shown, in the two magnetic quadrupoles, the two first magnets 11 of the first magnetic quadrupole have S poles at one end near the channel 13 and N poles at the other end; the two second magnets 12 have N poles at one end near the channel 13 and S poles at the other end. Figure 6-7 As shown in p1, the magnetic fields applied by the four magnets of the magnetic quadrupole cause the electron beam in the electron beam channel 14 to be subjected to a Lorentz force that converges in the fourth direction and a Lorentz force that diverges in the fifth direction.

[0077] In the second magnetic quadrupole, the two first magnets 11 near the channel 13 are both N poles at one end and S poles at the other end; the two second magnets 12 near the channel 13 are both S poles at one end and N poles at the other end. Figure 6-7 As shown in p2, the magnetic fields applied by the four magnets of the magnetic quadrupole cause the electron beam in the electron beam channel 14 to be subjected to a Lorentz force that diverges in the fourth direction and converges in the fifth direction.

[0078] The fourth and fifth directions are perpendicular to each other, and the angle between the fourth and the first and second directions is 45°. Similarly, the angle between the fifth and the first and second directions is also 45°. It can be understood that the fourth direction... Figure 5 The V-axis direction, the fifth direction, is... Figure 5 The W-axis direction in the diagram.

[0079] The magnetic focusing force generated by the magnetic quadrupole near the electron beam channel is independent in the fourth and fifth directions, achieving focusing of the electron beam in these two directions (V-axis and W-axis directions). Specifically, this is achieved by combining... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, when the electron beam enters the first magnetic quadrupole 1, it experiences a focusing force from the four magnets in the fourth direction and a diverging force from the four magnets in the fifth direction. Similarly, when it enters the second magnetic quadrupole 1, it experiences a focusing force from the four magnets in the fifth direction and a diverging force from the four magnets in the fourth direction. In other words, the magnetic field acts as a focus in one direction and a diverging force in the other. This alternating focusing and diverging action in the fourth and fifth directions, achieved through the periodic units of the magnetic quadrupole, results in stable focused transmission of the electron beam overall.

[0080] In one specific embodiment, both the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 are cuboid structures with identical dimensions. The long side of both the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 is length 'a', the short side is length 'b', and the thickness is 'd'. The projection of the channel 13 formed by the short sides of the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 onto the plane perpendicular to the electron beam's direction of travel (i.e., the XY plane) is a square with dimensions b*b.

[0081] In this embodiment, the electron beam channel 14 is a cylindrical channel, with its central axis coinciding with the central axis of channel 13. The radius of the electron beam channel 14 is r, where r < b / 2. In actual use, the electron beam channel 14 does not completely fill the entire channel 13. High-frequency circuits are generally much larger than the size of the electron beam channel 14. Channel 13 is used to accommodate the high-frequency circuit, and the central part of channel 13 is used to accommodate the electron beam channel 14.

[0082] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100, such as Figure 8-9 As shown, the magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100 includes multiple magnetic quadrupole periodic units 10, which are arranged sequentially along the electron beam's travel direction (Z-axis direction). The channels 13 of each magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10 are sequentially connected to form a mounting channel 101 for mounting high-frequency circuits, which are located within the mounting channel 101. Along the electron beam's travel direction, the magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100 can periodically apply alternating magnetic field gradients to the electron beam. Each time the electron beam passes through a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10, it undergoes a focusing and diverging process along the V-axis, and simultaneously, along the W-axis, it undergoes a diverging and focusing process. The magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100 ensures that the electron beam is focused in only one direction at the same location. The periodic alternation ensures stable electron beam transmission, avoiding the complexity of simultaneous bidirectional focusing. In practical operation, it can precisely control the focusing effect in each direction to meet different needs.

[0083] In this embodiment, the distance between the end faces of two magnetic quadrupoles 1 in the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10 that are close to each other is L1. The distance between the end faces of two adjacent magnetic quadrupole periodic units 10 in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100 that are close to each other is L2, where L1 = L2. Multiple magnetic quadrupole periodic units 10 are arranged sequentially along the electron beam travel direction to form a periodically alternating magnetic field, which ensures the stable focusing and transmission of the electron beam.

[0084] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a magnetic quadrupole focusing array, such as Figure 10-12As shown, the magnetic quadrupole focusing array includes multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100 for integrating electron beam focusing of the array traveling wave tube and constraining electron beam transmission of multiple electron beam channels. Specifically, the multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100 are arranged along a first direction and / or a second direction to form an array structure.

[0085] To meet the requirements of miniaturization, arraying, and integration, in one embodiment, when multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along the Y-axis, in the Y-axis direction, the magnetic quadrupoles 1 at the same position in the electron beam travel direction in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100 share a first magnet 11. One end of the first magnet 11 forms the bottom of the mounting channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in one magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100, and the other end forms the top of the mounting channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100.

[0086] In one embodiment, when multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along the X-axis, adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100 with magnetic quadrupoles 1 at the same position in the electron beam travel direction share a second magnet 12. One end of the second magnet 12 forms the right side wall of the mounting channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100, and the other end forms the left side wall of the mounting channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100.

[0087] In one embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged in a matrix structure along the Y-axis and X-axis directions. In the Y-axis direction, adjacent magnetic quadrupoles 1 at the same position in the electron beam propagation direction in each magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100 share a first magnet 11. One end of the first magnet 11 forms the bottom of the mounting channel for the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in one magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100, and the other end forms the top of the mounting channel for the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100. Similarly, in the X-axis direction, adjacent magnetic quadrupoles 1 at the same position in the electron beam propagation direction in each magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100 share a second magnet 12. One end of the second magnet 12 forms the right side wall of the mounting channel for the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in one magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100, and the other end forms the left side wall of the mounting channel for the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100. This arrangement can greatly reduce the number of magnets, making the overall structure of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array more compact and taking up less space.

[0088] In one specific embodiment, the magnetic quadrupole focusing array includes m mounting channels 101 arranged along a first direction and n mounting channels 101 arranged along a second direction.

[0089] The number M of the first magnets 11 in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated using the following formula:

[0090] M=(m+1)*n*2t

[0091] The number N of the second magnets in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated using the following formula:

[0092] N = (n+1)*m*2t

[0093] Where t is the number of periodic units of the magnetic quadrupole in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and m, n, and t are all integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0094] The magnetic quadrupole periodic unit provided in this embodiment of the invention consists of two magnetic quadrupoles 1. The two magnetic quadrupoles 1 respectively realize the alternating focusing of the electron beam in the fourth and fifth directions. The magnetic quadrupole focusing system formed by arranging the magnetic quadrupole periodic units along the direction of electron beam travel can focus the electron beam through alternating magnetic field polarity. Its working principle is that since the magnetic quadrupole 1 is composed of four magnets, the magnetic quadrupole 1 has a cross-shaped structure, with two first magnets 11 symmetrically arranged and two second magnets 12 symmetrically arranged. The magnetic field of the magnetic quadrupole 1 acts independently in the fourth and fifth directions, so that the electron beam is alternately focused in the fourth and fifth directions during its travel, thereby achieving the purpose of stable focusing of the electron beam.

[0095] The magnetic quadrupole focusing system controls the electron beam in the fourth and fifth directions by using alternating magnetic field characteristics. Specifically, when the electron beam passes through the p-th magnetic quadrupole periodic unit in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system, as... Figure 4-5 As shown, when the electron beam passes through the channel of the p1th magnetic quadrupole 1 (i.e., the preceding magnetic quadrupole in the pth periodic unit of the magnetic quadrupole focusing system), in the fourth direction, the magnetic fields applied by the four magnets cause the electron beam in the channel to experience a focusing force, and in the fifth direction, the magnetic fields applied by the four magnets cause the electron beam in the channel to experience a diverging force. When the electron beam passes through the channel of the p2th magnetic quadrupole 1 (i.e., the following magnetic quadrupole in the pth periodic unit of the magnetic quadrupole focusing system), in the fourth direction, the magnetic fields applied by the four magnets cause the electron beam in the channel to experience a diverging force, and in the fifth direction, the magnetic fields applied by the four magnets cause the electron beam in the channel to experience a focusing force. Therefore, the focusing effect of the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit in the fourth and fifth directions is independent of each other and is directional. That is, when it has a focusing effect in one direction, it has a diverging effect in another direction.

[0096] The magnetic field of a single magnetic quadrupole 1 is localized; the focusing effect is effective only in a single direction (the fourth or fifth direction), while exhibiting an anti-focusing effect in the other direction. When the magnetic field acts as a focusing force in a certain direction, it causes an electron beam convergence effect in that direction, while a divergence effect occurs in the direction perpendicular to that direction. Since the magnetic field of the magnetic quadrupole 1 acts independently in the fourth and fifth directions, the electron beam can be alternately focused and diverged in the fourth direction and in the fifth direction by designing and controlling the magnetic quadrupole focusing system. Moreover, under the action of the same magnetic quadrupole 1, the focusing effect in the fourth direction is necessarily accompanied by the divergence effect in the fifth direction, and similarly, the focusing effect in the fifth direction is necessarily accompanied by the divergence effect in the fourth direction. This is achieved through the alternating arrangement of different magnetic quadrupole 1s. The magnetic quadrupole focusing system and magnetic quadrupole focusing array optimize the focusing performance of the integrated array traveling wave tube by separating the focusing effects of the electron beam in the fourth and fifth directions and by reasonably adjusting the focusing intensity in each direction.

[0097] The magnetic quadrupole focusing unit achieves stable focusing of the electron beam by focusing in one direction and diverging in another. Based on actual needs, magnetic quadrupole focusing units can be combined to form a magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and these systems can be combined to form a magnetic quadrupole focusing array. This effectively addresses the shortcomings of integrated array traveling wave tubes in terms of focusing system architecture. Specifically, this magnetic quadrupole focusing system and array avoids the complexity of simultaneous bidirectional focusing, reducing the difficulty of system design and debugging. It effectively avoids instability caused by over-focusing of the electron beam, helping to maintain stable electron beam transmission and improving system stability. Through reasonable magnetic field configuration, the magnetic quadrupole focusing system and array can achieve effective, stable, and adjustable electron beam transmission control, meeting the stringent requirements of high-frequency electronic devices for stability and high performance.

[0098] For example Figure 10-12 The 2x3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array shown is a specific example. This array includes two mounting channels arranged along a first direction and three mounting channels arranged along a second direction. The 2x3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array was simulated using the 3D electromagnetic simulation software CST Particle Studio. Figure 13 This shows a vector diagram illustrating the magnetic field distribution of the 2x3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array. Figure 14 The diagram shows the amplitude of the magnetic field distribution of the 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array. Figure 15The electron beam trajectory diagram of the 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array is shown. Simulation results show that the magnetic field in the electron beam channel 14 of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is symmetrically distributed vertically and horizontally, and the electron beam can achieve intercept-free transmission in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array.

[0099] Specifically, the magnetic quadrupole focusing system and magnetic quadrupole focusing array used in the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following effects:

[0100] Balanced focusing effect: Due to the symmetry of the magnetic field of the quadrupole in different directions, the focusing force on the electron beam is balanced in all directions. This effectively avoids over-focusing or diverging of the electron beam in a certain direction, preventing local interception. Specifically, the effect of the magnetic quadrupole on the electron beam is alternating in direction. As the electron beam passes through, the different magnetic field gradients can compensate for each other, ensuring that the electron beam travels along the predetermined trajectory.

[0101] To avoid the effects of asymmetry: If the magnetic field is asymmetrical during electron beam transmission, the electron beam may be deflected or focused unevenly in a certain direction, causing some electrons in the electron beam to be "intercepted" when passing through the channel. The magnetic field distribution generated by the symmetrical magnetic quadrupole avoids this situation. The magnetic field generated by the magnetic quadrupole focuses or disperses the electron beam by changing the direction of particle velocity. The symmetrical magnetic field can provide a balanced force in all directions of space, ensuring the overall stable transmission of the electron beam.

[0102] The symmetrical magnetic field distribution of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array ensures that the electron beam does not undergo uneven deflection or focusing within the channel, allowing the electron beam to travel along a predetermined path without being intercepted within the electron beam channel.

[0103] The magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, focusing system, and focusing array provided in this invention achieve symmetrical focusing of the electron beam by precisely arranging magnetic quadrupoles to form a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit. The magnetic quadrupole focusing system and magnetic quadrupole focusing array are formed by combining the magnetic quadrupole periodic units, which solves the problem of asymmetrical lateral magnetic field distribution in traditional integrated array traveling wave tubes.

[0104] The magnetic quadrupole provided in this embodiment of the invention consists of magnets arranged in four alternating magnetization directions, capable of generating focusing force and anti-focusing force in the fourth and fifth directions, respectively. Multiple magnetic quadrupole periodic units are arranged along the electron beam propagation direction to form a periodically focusing magnetic quadrupole focusing system. This system is arranged along a first direction and / or a second direction to form a magnetic quadrupole focusing array. This array periodically applies alternating magnetic fields along the electron beam propagation path, achieving alternating focusing and anti-focusing, thereby achieving a stable focusing effect overall.

[0105] The design of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array ensures that the magnetic field distribution in each electron beam channel is symmetrical. Due to the symmetry of the magnetic quadrupole, the magnetic force experienced by the electron beam when passing through each magnetic quadrupole periodic unit is uniform, effectively eliminating the asymmetry of the transverse magnetic field and ensuring that the electron beam maintains good beam quality and stability during transmission.

[0106] Magnetic quadrupoles are constructed from magnets with a simple structure made of permanent magnetic materials, which reduces manufacturing costs while maintaining reliability and thermal stability. The modular design of the periodic units of the magnetic quadrupole facilitates the large-scale integration of magnetic quadrupole focusing arrays, reduces the difficulty of array focusing, and promotes the array integration of traveling wave tubes.

[0107] In summary, the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, focusing system, and focusing array provided by the embodiments of the present invention achieve effective focusing of electron beams in each electron beam channel through the symmetrical distribution of the periodic magnetic quadrupole magnetic field, solving the problems caused by the asymmetric magnetic field in traditional focusing systems. It has significant advantages such as simple structure, superior performance, and easy integration, and can reduce the difficulty of adapting the focusing system and high-frequency circuits. It is suitable for integrated array traveling wave tube systems.

[0108] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A traveling wave tube magnetic quadrupole focusing array, characterized in that, include: Multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, wherein the magnetic quadrupole focusing system includes multiple magnetic quadrupole periodic units; The magnetic quadrupole periodic unit includes two magnetic quadrupoles arranged along the direction of electron beam propagation, with a gap between the two magnetic quadrupoles; The magnetic quadrupole includes two first magnets and two second magnets. The short sides of the first magnets and the second magnets enclose a channel to accommodate a high-frequency circuit, and the electron beam channel passes through the center of the channel. The channels of the two magnetic quadrupoles are connected in a corresponding manner; The magnetic quadrupole has a cross-shaped structure, with two first magnets extending along a first direction and located on opposite sides of the channel in a second direction, and the polarities of the two first magnets are the same at the ends closest to the channel. Two second magnets extend along a second direction and are located on opposite sides of the channel in a first direction. The polarities of the two second magnets are the same at the ends near the channel, while the polarities of the first magnet at the ends near the channel and the second magnet at the ends near the channel are opposite. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the electron beam travel direction is a third direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction; The magnetization direction of the first magnet in the first magnetic quadrupole is opposite to that of the corresponding first magnet in the second magnetic quadrupole; The magnetization direction of the second magnet in the first magnetic quadrupole is opposite to that of the corresponding second magnet in the second magnetic quadrupole; Both the first magnet and the second magnet have a cuboid structure and the same structural dimensions; The short side length of both the first magnet and the second magnet is b. The projection of the channel onto the plane perpendicular to the third direction is a square with a size of b*b. Among them, multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along the first and second directions, and multiple magnetic quadrupole periodic units are arranged sequentially along the third direction; Multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged in a matrix structure along the first and second directions; In the first direction, magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a first magnet. One end of the first magnet constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and the other end constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system. In the second direction, magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a second magnet. One end of the second magnet constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and the other end constitutes part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system. In the magnetic quadrupole focusing system, the channels of each magnetic quadrupole periodic unit are sequentially connected to form an installation channel for mounting high-frequency circuits. The distance between the end faces of two magnetic quadrupoles that are close to each other in the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit is L1; The distance between the end faces of two adjacent magnetic quadrupole periodic units in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system is L2; Where L1 = L2.

2. The traveling wave tube magnetic quadrupole focusing array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electron injection channel is a cylindrical channel, and its central axis coincides with the central axis of the channel. The radius of the electron beam channel is r, where r < b / 2.

3. The traveling wave tube magnetic quadrupole focusing array according to claim 1, characterized in that, Of the two magnetic quadrupoles in a periodic unit of a magnetic quadrupole: The magnetic fields exerted by the four magnets of the first magnetic quadrupole cause the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a Lorentz force that converges in the fourth direction and a Lorentz force that diverges in the fifth direction. The magnetic fields exerted by the four magnets of the second magnetic quadrupole cause the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a Lorentz force that diverges in the fourth direction and a Lorentz force that converges in the fifth direction. The fourth and fifth directions are perpendicular to each other, and the angle between the fourth direction and the first and second directions is 45°.

4. The magnetic quadrupole focusing array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic quadrupole focusing array includes m mounting channels arranged along a first direction and n mounting channels arranged along a second direction. The number M of the first magnets in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated using the following formula: M = (m+1)*n*2t The number N of the second magnets in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated using the following formula: N = (n+1) * m * 2t Where t is the number of periodic units of the magnetic quadrupole in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and m, n, and t are all integers greater than or equal to 1.

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