Maximum power point tracking circuit and method of DC-DC converter

Abstract

The invention relates to a maximum power point tracking circuit and method of a DC-DC converter, the maximum power point tracking circuit of the DC-DC converter comprises a main control module and a DC-DC conversion module, the control signal output end of the main control module is connected with the control signal input end of a current amplification module; the control signal output end of the current amplification module is connected with the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, the main control module generates a corresponding control signal according to the change difference value of the input voltage and transmits the control signal to the DC-DC conversion module through the control signal output end of the main control module, and the DC-DC conversion module outputs a corresponding output current according to the control signal. And the main control module judges whether to continuously generate the control signal according to the change trend of the output current. By introducing a cooperation mechanism of the main control module, the current amplification module and the DC-DC conversion module, the power generation efficiency in a solar panel mode is improved, stable output in a constant voltage power supply mode is also considered, and adaptive control of different power supply types is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of maximum power point tracking of converters, and in particular to a maximum power point tracking circuit and method for a DC-DC converter. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the rapid development of the photovoltaic energy storage industry, solar charging technology has been widely used. In order to maximize the power generation efficiency of solar panels, it is usually necessary to adopt the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method to make the solar panels always work in the optimal power output state. In the MPPT system, common control chips can be divided into two categories: analog chips and digital chips. The advantage of analog chips lies in their hardware implementation. For example, functions such as overcurrent protection, short circuit protection and overvoltage protection are all built-in chips, with fast response speed and no risk of crash. However, the functions of analog chips are usually fixed and less flexible. For example, some analog-controlled DC-DC converters only support a specific input voltage range (such as 36-48 volts) for maximum power point tracking. If the output voltage of the solar panel exceeds this range, efficient MPPT control cannot be achieved. In contrast, digital chips have high flexibility and customizability. Through programming, digital chips can realize multiple functions and optimize for different application requirements. However, compared with analog chips, the reliability of digital chips is slightly insufficient, and there is a possibility of algorithm failure; In practical applications, the output voltage of solar panels fluctuates greatly due to changes in external conditions such as light intensity and temperature, and the voltage range may cover a range of 12-56 volts or even wider. In order to adapt to the dynamic characteristics of solar panels, the control chip of the DC-DC converter needs to have higher adaptability and flexibility to ensure that the system can achieve efficient MPPT control within a wider input voltage range. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems of insufficient adaptability of analog chips and lack of reliability of digital chips in the prior art, the present application provides a maximum power point tracking circuit and method for a DC-DC converter.

[0004] A maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter, the maximum power point tracking circuit of the DC-DC converter comprising a main control module, a current amplifying module and a DC-DC conversion module, wherein a power input end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to a power supply, a power output end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to a load, a first signal acquisition end of the main control module is used to acquire the input voltage of the power supply in real time, an enable signal output end of the main control module is connected to an enable signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, a control signal output end of the main control module is connected to a control signal input end of the current amplifying module, a control signal output end of the current amplifying module is connected to a control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, and a common node between the power output end of the DC-DC conversion module and the load is connected to a second signal acquisition end of the main control module for real-time acquisition of the output current of the DC-DC conversion module; When the input voltage meets the preset threshold range, the DC-DC conversion module is turned on by the enable signal output from the enable signal output terminal of the main control module, and the main control module generates a corresponding control signal according to the change difference of the input voltage, and transmits the control signal to the DC-DC conversion module through the control signal output terminal of the main control module. The DC-DC conversion module outputs the corresponding output current according to the control signal, and the main control module determines whether to continue to generate the control signal according to the change trend of the output current, and then controls the DC-DC conversion module to output the corresponding output current at maximum power.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solution and introducing the cooperation mechanism of the main control module, the current amplification module and the DC-DC conversion module, the problems of fixed functions, insufficient adaptability and poor reliability of analog chips in the prior art are successfully solved, and the different power supply characteristics of the solar panel voltage with significant dynamic changes and the relatively stable voltage of the ordinary constant voltage power supply are dealt with. The key is to collect the input voltage and output current in real time through the main control module, and use the dynamic characteristics of the input voltage change to judge the type of peripheral power supply. If the input voltage shows obvious dynamic fluctuations, the main control module can accurately identify the peripheral as a solar panel power supply, and generate corresponding control signals, dynamically adjust the output current of the DC-DC conversion module through the perturbation observation method, and find the maximum power point of the solar panel; if the input voltage is stable, the main control module determines it as a constant voltage power supply, and directly controls the DC-DC conversion module to output a fixed current to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system; this tracking method breaks the limitation of the fixed voltage range of traditional analog chips, and significantly enhances the adaptability of the system in a wider input voltage range, especially when the solar panel voltage fluctuates due to light or temperature changes, it can respond quickly and flexibly to avoid the maximum power point tracking failure caused by voltage range exceeding the limit. In addition, the current amplifier module plays a precise amplification role in signal transmission, ensuring that the control signal generated by the main control module can be efficiently and stably transmitted to the DC-DC conversion module, thereby further improving the reliability and regulation accuracy of the system. This design not only improves the power generation efficiency in the solar panel mode, but also takes into account the stable output in the constant voltage power supply mode, and realizes adaptive control of different power supply types, thereby solving the core problem of insufficient adaptability and reliability in the existing technology.

[0006] Preferably, the current amplification module includes an operational amplifier chip U1, a resistor Ra1, a resistor Ra2, a resistor Ra3, a capacitor Ca1 and a capacitor Ca2, the first end of the resistor Ra1 is connected to the control signal output end of the main control module, the second end of the resistor Ra1 is connected to the first end of the resistor Ra2, the second end of the resistor Ra2 is connected to the first channel positive input end of the operational amplifier chip U1, the capacitor Ca1 is connected between the common node between the second end of the resistor Ra1 and the first end of the resistor Ra2 and the ground, the capacitor Ca2 is connected between the common node between the second end of the resistor Ra2 and the first channel positive input end of the operational amplifier chip U1 and the ground, the first end of the resistor Ra3 is connected to the first channel output end of the operational amplifier chip U1, the second end of the resistor Ra3 is connected to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, and the common node between the first end of the resistor Ra3 and the first channel output end of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the first channel negative input end of the operational amplifier chip U1.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the control signal output by the main control module can be accurately amplified through the signal processing network composed of the operational amplifier chip U1 and the peripheral resistors and capacitors in the current amplification module, thereby achieving high-precision signal transmission and ensuring the control accuracy of the DC-DC conversion module; through the filtering network constructed between the resistor Ra1 and the capacitor Ca1, the high-frequency noise in the signal can be filtered out, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the current amplification module.

[0008] Preferably, the current amplification module also includes a resistor Ra4, a first end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the control feedback signal input end of the main control module, a second end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the second channel output end of the operational amplifier chip U1, a common node between the second end of the resistor Ra3 and the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to the second channel positive input end of the operational amplifier chip U1, and the second channel negative input end of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the feedback network formed by the feedback resistor Ra4 in the current amplification module and the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 can monitor and adjust the feedback signal of the main control module in real time, thereby further improving the accuracy of the control signal; through the introduction of the feedback loop, distortion and drift in signal transmission can be effectively avoided, thereby improving the regulation performance of the entire system.

[0010] Preferably, the DC-DC conversion module includes a DC-DC conversion chip U4 and a switch management unit, the power input end of the switch management unit is connected to the power supply, the power output end of the switch management unit outputs the power supply for power supply, the enable end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the enable signal output end of the main control module, the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the control signal output end of the current amplification module, and the switch signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the switch signal input end of the switch management unit, so as to adjust the output current by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch management unit.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, through the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the switch management unit contained in the DC-DC conversion module, efficient conversion of the input voltage to the load demand can be achieved, thereby improving the utilization rate of electric energy; by connecting the enable signal output end of the main control module with the enable end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, the DC-DC conversion module can be quickly started when the input voltage meets the conditions, thereby ensuring the response speed and adaptability of the system; by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch management unit through the switch signal output end of the DC-DC chip U4, the output current can be dynamically adjusted, thereby achieving precise power supply to the load.

[0012] Preferably, the switch management unit includes an inductor L1, a first MOS tube M1, a second MOS tube M2, a third MOS tube M3 and a fourth MOS tube M4. The first switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1, and the second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the second switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4. The common node between the first switch node terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the first end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first conduction end of the first MOS tube M1 on the one hand, and to the first conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 on the other hand. The second conduction end of the first MOS tube M1 is connected to a power supply, and the second conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 is connected to a power supply. A common node between the second end of the inductor L1 and the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first conduction end of the third MOS tube M3 on the one hand, and is connected to the first conduction end of the fourth MOS tube M4 on the other hand. The second conduction end of the third MOS tube M3 is combined with the power supply and the second conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 to output power for power supply. The switch signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 includes a first switch port connected to the controlled end of the first MOS tube M1, a second switch port connected to the controlled end of the second MOS tube M2, a third switch port connected to the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3, and a fourth switch port connected to the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, through the cooperation of the inductor L1 in the switch management unit and the four MOS tubes, efficient energy transfer and dynamic adjustment of the output current can be achieved, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the system; through the series and parallel configuration of the MOS tubes, the switching loss can be reduced and a larger current output can be supported, thereby improving the power density and reliability of the DC-DC conversion module.

[0014] Preferably, a resistor R3 is connected between the first switch port and the controlled end of the first MOS tube M1, a resistor R9 is connected between the second switch port and the controlled end of the second MOS tube M2, a resistor R4 is connected between the third switch port and the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3, the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3 is connected to the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, a resistor R8 is connected between the fourth switch port and the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4, and a resistor R14 is connected between the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4 and ground.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, by introducing current limiting resistors R3, R9, R4 and R8 between the switch port and the controlled end of the MOS tube, the impact of the switching current can be effectively limited, thereby protecting the MOS tube from overcurrent damage and improving the stability and life of the system; by appropriately selecting the value of the current limiting resistor, the influence of parasitic parameters on the switching process can be reduced, thereby improving the electrical performance of the system.

[0016] Preferably, the DC-DC conversion module also includes a feedback acquisition network, which includes a resistor R11, a resistor R20 and a resistor R30, the first end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power output end of the switch management unit, the second end of the resistor R11 is connected to the first end of the resistor R20, the second end of the resistor R20 is connected to the first end of the resistor R30, the second end of the resistor R20 is grounded, and the common node between the second end of the resistor R20 and the first end of the resistor R30 is connected to the feedback end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, through the voltage-dividing configuration of resistors R11, R20, and R30 in the feedback acquisition network, the output voltage can be accurately collected and fed back to the DC-DC conversion chip U4, thereby realizing closed-loop control of the output voltage; through the voltage-dividing ratio design of the feedback acquisition network, it is possible to avoid damage to the chip input terminal caused by direct transmission of high-voltage signals, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0018] Preferably, the maximum power point tracking circuit of the DC-DC converter also includes a signal acquisition module, which includes a resistor R12, a resistor R7 and a resistor R25, wherein the first end of the resistor R7 is connected to a power supply, the second end of the resistor R7 is connected to the first end of the resistor R25, the second end of the resistor R25 is grounded, a common node between the second end of the resistor R7 and the first end of the resistor R25 is connected to the first end of the resistor R12, and the second end of the resistor R12 is connected to the first signal acquisition end of the main control module.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the signal processing network composed of resistors R7, R25 and R12 in the signal acquisition module can accurately collect the input voltage and transmit it to the main control module, thereby providing reliable input data for subsequent power supply type judgment and control; through the resistor voltage division design of the signal acquisition module, the signal acquisition end of the main control module can be effectively protected from damage by high-voltage input, thereby improving the durability and stability of the system.

[0020] A maximum power point tracking method for a DC-DC converter is applied to a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter. The maximum power point tracking method for a DC-DC converter includes: Acquire the input voltage in real time, and determine whether the input voltage falls within a predetermined voltage range, and if not, continue to determine; If it does, determine that the input voltage at the current moment is the initial reference voltage, record the current moment as the initial moment, and control the main control module to send an enable signal to start the DC-DC conversion module; Determine one or more sampling periods, and obtain the real-time input voltage at the sampling moment in real time, wherein the sampling moment is the time point at which the voltage is collected after the sampling period starting from the initial moment; Determining the type of power supply for the peripheral device according to the comparison result between the real-time input voltage and the initial reference voltage, wherein the type of power supply for the peripheral device at least includes a solar panel power supply and a constant voltage power supply; If the external power source type is a constant voltage power source, controlling the main control module to send a first control signal to the DC-DC conversion module so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs a fixed output current; If the external power supply type is a solar panel power supply, the main control module is controlled to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs different output currents. The main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply is operating at the maximum power point based on the different output currents, and then determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, by acquiring the input voltage in real time and judging whether it falls within the preset threshold range, it is possible to ensure that the DC-DC conversion module is started under appropriate input conditions, thereby avoiding system instability caused by abnormal input voltage; by judging the type of peripheral power supply according to the changing characteristics of the input voltage, it is possible to accurately distinguish between the solar panel power supply and the constant voltage power supply, thereby providing a basis for the subsequent selection of control strategies; by adopting a dynamic disturbance observation control strategy for the solar panel power supply, it is possible to quickly track and lock the maximum power point, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the solar panel.

[0022] Preferably, if the type of the external power supply is a solar panel power supply, the main control module is controlled to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs different output currents, and the main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply operates at a maximum power point according to the different output currents, and then determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module, in the step, the second control signal includes at least an initial control signal and a disturbance control signal, including: If the external power source type is a solar panel power source, control the main control module to send an initial control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, and obtain an initial output current corresponding to the output after being adjusted by the initial control signal; Determine the disturbance period, and obtain the real-time output current at the disturbance moment in real time, wherein the disturbance moment is the time point at which the disturbance is performed after the disturbance period, starting from the time when the initial control signal is sent; Based on the initial output current, determine the corresponding initial power, based on the real-time output current, determine the corresponding real-time power, and judge whether the initial power is greater than the real-time power; If the initial power is less than the real-time power, the real-time power is determined to be a new initial power, and a new real-time power is acquired again to be compared with the new initial power until the new initial power is greater than or equal to the new real-time power; If the initial power is greater than or equal to the real-time power, it is determined that the initial output current corresponding to the initial power is the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, by sending the initial control signal and obtaining the corresponding initial output current, a reference benchmark can be provided for subsequent disturbance control, thereby improving the convergence speed and efficiency of the disturbance observation method; by determining the disturbance period and obtaining the real-time output current at the disturbance moment in real time, the rhythm of the power point search can be dynamically adjusted to ensure the stability of the system; by comparing the initial power and the real-time power and iteratively optimizing, the maximum power point can be gradually approached, thereby realizing efficient power generation of solar panels in a dynamic environment.

[0024] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application successfully solves the problems of fixed functions, insufficient adaptability and poor reliability of analog chips in the prior art by introducing a collaborative mechanism among the main control module, the current amplification module and the DC-DC conversion module, while also coping with the different power supply characteristics of significant dynamic changes in the voltage of the solar panel and relatively stable voltage of the ordinary constant voltage power supply. The key is to collect the input voltage and output current in real time through the main control module, and use the dynamic characteristics of the input voltage change to determine the type of peripheral power supply. If the input voltage shows obvious dynamic fluctuations, the main control module can accurately identify the peripheral as a solar panel power supply, and generate a corresponding control signal, dynamically adjust the output current of the DC-DC conversion module through the perturbation observation method, and find the maximum power point of the solar panel; if the input voltage is stable, the main control module determines it as a constant voltage power supply, and directly controls the DC-DC conversion module to output a fixed current, thereby ensuring the stability and efficiency of the system; 2. This tracking method breaks the limitation of the fixed voltage range of traditional analog chips and significantly enhances the system's adaptability within a wider input voltage range. In particular, when the voltage of the solar panel fluctuates due to light or temperature changes, it can respond quickly and flexibly to avoid the failure of maximum power point tracking due to voltage range exceeding the limit. In addition, the current amplifier module plays a role of precise amplification in signal transmission, ensuring that the control signal generated by the main control module can be efficiently and stably transmitted to the DC-DC conversion module, thereby further improving the reliability and regulation accuracy of the system. This design not only improves the power generation efficiency in the solar panel mode, but also takes into account the stable output in the constant voltage power supply mode, and realizes adaptive control of different power supply types, thereby solving the core problem of insufficient adaptability and reliability in the existing technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter in one embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a partial circuit diagram of a main control module in a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a partial circuit diagram of a current amplification module in a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a part of the surrounding circuits of a DC-DC conversion chip of a DC-DC conversion module in a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a partial circuit diagram of a switch management unit of a DC-DC conversion module in a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a flow chart of a maximum power point tracking method of a DC-DC converter in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a flowchart for implementing step S60 in a maximum power point tracking method for a DC-DC converter in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] In one embodiment, if Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, the present application discloses a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter, a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter includes a main control module, a current amplification module and a DC-DC conversion module, the power input end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to the power supply, the power output end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to the load, the first signal acquisition end of the main control module is used to collect the input voltage of the power supply in real time, the enable signal output end of the main control module is connected to the enable signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, the control signal output end of the main control module is connected to the control signal input end of the current amplification module, the control signal output end of the current amplification module is connected to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, and the common node between the power output end of the DC-DC conversion module and the load is connected to the second signal acquisition end of the main control module for real-time collection of the output current of the DC-DC conversion module; When the input voltage meets the preset threshold range, the DC-DC conversion module is turned on by the enable signal output from the enable signal output terminal of the main control module. The main control module generates a corresponding control signal according to the change difference of the input voltage, and transmits it to the DC-DC conversion module through the control signal output terminal of the main control module. The DC-DC conversion module outputs the corresponding output current according to the control signal. The main control module determines whether to continue to generate the control signal according to the change trend of the output current, and then controls the DC-DC conversion module to output the corresponding output current at maximum power.

[0029] In this embodiment, the functions of the main control module, the current amplification module and the DC-DC conversion module complement each other, and through the connection of their respective signal input and output ports, a complete control logic capable of realizing maximum power point tracking is formed. The main control module first receives the input voltage signal from the power supply through the first signal acquisition terminal, which is used to monitor the operating status of the external power supply in real time and determine whether the current input voltage meets the set working conditions. After the conditions are met, the enable signal output terminal of the main control module sends an enable signal to the enable signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module, indicating that the DC-DC conversion module starts working and completes the basic startup function; the main control module generates a control signal according to the dynamic change of the input voltage, and this signal is transmitted from the control signal output terminal of the main control module to the control signal input terminal of the current amplification module. In the current amplification module, the control signal is amplified and processed by an operational amplifier and its peripheral components to ensure the accuracy and stability of the signal. The amplified control signal is output from the control signal output terminal of the current amplification module and transmitted to the control signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion module. This design ensures that the control signal output by the main control module can be transmitted stably and can adapt to the actual needs of the DC-DC conversion module; after receiving the processed control signal, the DC-DC conversion module adjusts its internal conversion circuit according to the signal, and matches the needs of the external load by controlling the output current. At the same time, the power output end of the DC-DC conversion module also feeds back the real-time output current signal to the second signal acquisition end of the main control module through the common node with the load. The main control module adjusts the control signal according to the output current feedback signal received by the second signal acquisition end and the dynamic change trend of the input voltage signal to gradually approach and lock the maximum power point of the solar panel power supply; in the entire control logic, the core role of the main control module is to analyze the real-time dynamic changes of the input voltage and output current, and generate appropriate control signals to achieve maximum power point tracking. The role of the current amplifier module is to amplify and stabilize the control signal to ensure that the signal will not be interfered or distorted during the transmission process. The DC-DC conversion module adjusts the output current by receiving the amplified control signal, and feeds back the output current signal for reference by the main control module. The signal interaction between these three forms a closed-loop control system, which enables the circuit to efficiently track and lock the maximum power point, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency and system stability.

[0030] Specifically, the core mechanism for distinguishing between solar panel power supply and constant voltage power supply lies in the dynamic characteristics analysis of input voltage, through real-time monitoring of input voltage by the main control module and calculation of change difference, combined with the typical characteristics of different power supplies for judgment. Specifically, there are significant differences in the fluctuation behavior of input voltage between solar panel power supply and constant voltage power supply: the input voltage of solar panel power supply will show dynamic fluctuations due to changes in external environmental conditions such as light intensity and temperature, while the input voltage of constant voltage power supply is relatively stable and will not change significantly with environmental factors; the specific process of distinction depends on the real-time monitoring of input voltage by the first signal acquisition end of the main control module. When the input voltage meets the preset threshold range, the main control module will continue to collect input voltage signals and record the initial reference voltage at the current moment. Next, the main control module compares the input voltage data collected in one or more sampling periods with the initial reference voltage. If it is found that the input voltage has obvious fluctuation characteristics within the sampling period, it means that the external power supply may be a solar panel power supply; if the input voltage remains stable within the sampling period and the fluctuation amplitude is small, it can be judged as a constant voltage power supply. This judgment mechanism identifies the power type through the dynamic change characteristics of the input voltage; once the power type is judged, the main control module will adopt different control strategies according to the results. If it is judged to be a constant voltage power supply, the main control module will send a control signal of a fixed output current to the DC-DC conversion module, so that it outputs a constant current to ensure the stable operation of the load. If it is judged to be a solar panel power supply, the main control module will start the maximum power point tracking strategy based on the perturbation observation method, send a dynamically changing control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, and continuously adjust the output current to track and lock the maximum power point; this design can accurately distinguish between solar panel power supplies and constant voltage power supplies through real-time monitoring of the input voltage and dynamic characteristics analysis, and implement adaptive control strategies for different types of power supplies. This not only improves the system's adaptability to different power supply environments, but also ensures the efficient power generation of the solar panel power supply and the stable power supply of the constant voltage power supply.

[0031] In summary, by introducing the cooperation mechanism of the main control module, the current amplification module and the DC-DC conversion module, the problems of fixed functions, insufficient adaptability and poor reliability of analog chips in the prior art are successfully solved, and at the same time, the different power supply characteristics of the solar panel power supply voltage with significant dynamic changes and the ordinary constant voltage power supply voltage with relatively stable voltage are dealt with. The key is to collect the input voltage and output current in real time through the main control module, and use the dynamic characteristics of the input voltage change to judge the type of peripheral power supply. If the input voltage shows obvious dynamic fluctuations, the main control module can accurately identify the peripheral as a solar panel power supply, and generate corresponding control signals, dynamically adjust the output current of the DC-DC conversion module through the perturbation observation method, and find the maximum power point of the solar panel; if the input voltage is stable, the main control module determines it as a constant voltage power supply, and directly controls the DC-DC conversion module to output a fixed current to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system; this tracking method breaks the limitation of the fixed voltage range of traditional analog chips, and significantly enhances the adaptability of the system in a wider input voltage range, especially when the solar panel voltage fluctuates due to light or temperature changes, it can respond quickly and flexibly to avoid the maximum power point tracking failure caused by voltage range exceeding the limit. In addition, the current amplifier module plays a precise amplification role in signal transmission, ensuring that the control signal generated by the main control module can be efficiently and stably transmitted to the DC-DC conversion module, thereby further improving the reliability and regulation accuracy of the system. This design not only improves the power generation efficiency in the solar panel mode, but also takes into account the stable output in the constant voltage power supply mode, and realizes adaptive control of different power supply types, thereby solving the core problem of insufficient adaptability and reliability in the existing technology.

[0032] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, the current amplification module includes an operational amplifier chip U1, a resistor Ra1, a resistor Ra2, a resistor Ra3, a capacitor Ca1 and a capacitor Ca2. The first end of the resistor Ra1 is connected to the control signal output end of the main control module, the second end of the resistor Ra1 is connected to the first end of the resistor Ra2, the second end of the resistor Ra2 is connected to the first channel positive input end of the operational amplifier chip U1, the capacitor Ca1 is connected between the common node between the second end of the resistor Ra1 and the first end of the resistor Ra2 and the ground, the capacitor Ca2 is connected between the common node between the second end of the resistor Ra2 and the first channel positive input end of the operational amplifier chip U1 and the ground, the first end of the resistor Ra3 is connected to the first channel output end of the operational amplifier chip U1, the second end of the resistor Ra3 is connected to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, and the common node between the first end of the resistor Ra3 and the first channel output end of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the first channel negative input end of the operational amplifier chip U1.

[0033] In this embodiment, in this circuit, the core function of the current amplifier module is to amplify, filter and stabilize the control signal output by the main control module, so as to ensure that the signal can be accurately transmitted to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, and provide reliable signal support for subsequent current regulation. The connection relationship and function of this module are composed of an operational amplifier chip U1 and peripheral resistors and capacitors, and closed-loop control and signal conditioning are realized through a reasonable layout. The control signal output end of the main control module is connected to the first end of the resistor Ra1 to transmit the initial control signal. Resistor Ra1 mainly plays a current limiting role in this design to prevent the control signal directly output by the main control module from interfering with the subsequent signal processing links due to voltage or current mutations. The second end of resistor Ra1 is connected to the first end of resistor Ra2, and this node is used as a transition point of the signal and is connected to the capacitor Ca1 of the ground at the same time. The main function of capacitor Ca1 here is to filter the signal, remove the high-frequency noise in the control signal, and ensure that the transmitted signal is more stable. After being transmitted from the first end of resistor Ra2 to the second end, the signal is input to the positive input end of the first channel of the operational amplifier chip U1. The main function of resistor Ra2 is to provide voltage distribution of the signal and cooperate with the operational amplifier chip U1 to further process the signal. At the same time, the capacitor Ca2 connected between the second end of resistor Ra2 and the ground further filters the signal and further suppresses possible high-frequency noise or voltage spikes, thereby improving the purity and reliability of the signal. The operational amplifier chip U1 receives the signal transmitted from resistor Ra2 and compares it between the positive input and negative input of its first channel. In this process, the negative input is connected to the first channel output of U1 through a feedback loop to form a negative feedback network. This negative feedback loop includes a resistor Ra3 connected between the output and negative input of U1. The function of resistor Ra3 is to set the gain of the operational amplifier so that the output signal has a linear amplification characteristic. Through this design, U1 can amplify the input signal while suppressing the instability caused by temperature changes or signal noise to ensure the accuracy of the output signal. The first channel output of the operational amplifier chip U1 is directly connected to the control signal input of the DC-DC conversion module through resistor Ra3. This connection relationship ensures that the amplified signal can be directly transmitted to the DC-DC conversion module, thereby dynamically adjusting the working state of the DC-DC conversion module. Through this design, the entire current amplifier module realizes the amplification and stable processing of the control signal, ensures the reliability of the output signal of the main control module, and provides strong support for the precise current control of the subsequent DC-DC conversion module. In general, the core function of the current amplifier module is to accurately process the control signal output by the main control module, and ensure the stability and reliability of signal transmission through functions such as filtering, current limiting, amplification and feedback.The reasonable layout and connection relationship of each component enable the entire module to work seamlessly with the main control module and DC-DC conversion module, thus laying the foundation for the efficient operation of the entire system.

[0034] In summary, through the signal processing network composed of the operational amplifier chip U1 and peripheral resistors and capacitors in the current amplification module, the control signal output by the main control module can be accurately amplified, thereby achieving high-precision signal transmission and ensuring the control accuracy of the DC-DC conversion module; through the filtering network constructed between the resistor Ra1 and the capacitor Ca1, the high-frequency noise in the signal can be filtered out, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the current amplification module.

[0035] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, the current amplification module also includes a resistor Ra4, a first end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the control feedback signal input end of the main control module, a second end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the second channel output end of the operational amplifier chip U1, a common node between the second end of the resistor Ra3 and the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to the second channel positive input end of the operational amplifier chip U1, and the second channel negative input end of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected.

[0036] In this embodiment, the introduction of resistor Ra4 and the connection relationship of the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 enhance the signal feedback capability of the entire module, providing important guarantees for the accuracy of the control signal and the closed-loop regulation of the system. The first end of resistor Ra4 is connected to the control feedback signal input end of the main control module, responsible for transmitting the processed feedback signal from the operational amplifier module back to the main control module for real-time monitoring and optimization of the control logic by the main control module. Through this connection, the main control module can grasp the state of the current control signal in real time, thereby dynamically adjusting its output control strategy to ensure that the system works in the best state. The second end of resistor Ra4 is connected to the second channel output end of the operational amplifier chip U1, forming a bridge from signal output to feedback signal. The second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 plays a key role in processing and regulating the feedback signal in this design. Through real-time monitoring and processing of the output signal, the design of the second channel ensures the stability and accuracy of the feedback signal, and provides reliable feedback data for the main control module. The common node between the second end of resistor Ra3 and the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module is directly connected to the second channel positive input end of the operational amplifier chip U1. This connection relationship realizes the direct sampling of the control signal by the second channel of the operational amplifier. By sampling the signal from the common node in real time, the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 can accurately analyze and process the changes of the control signal. Since the node contains both the processed control signal and directly affects the adjustment state of the DC-DC conversion module, this design ensures the real-time and accuracy of the operational amplifier chip for the control signal. The second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the negative input terminal, and this connection relationship is similar to the aforementioned negative feedback design, forming a negative feedback loop of the second channel. Through the negative feedback loop, the operational amplifier chip can dynamically compare the signals at the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal, and finally output a stable feedback signal. The introduction of the negative feedback loop effectively improves the linearity and signal amplification accuracy of the operational amplifier, while suppressing the instability caused by noise or input signal fluctuations. Overall, the current amplifier module realizes the dynamic adjustment of the control signal and the efficient transmission of the feedback signal through the closed-loop feedback mechanism formed by the resistor Ra4 and the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1. The second channel of the operational amplifier chip is responsible for real-time sampling and dynamic amplification of the common node signal, and transmits the processed signal to the main control module through the resistor Ra4. The main control module further optimizes its control logic based on the changing trend of the feedback signal, thus forming a closed-loop control system. The core logic of this design is to ensure the high consistency between the control signal and the feedback signal, so that the DC-DC conversion module can maintain an efficient and stable operating state in a dynamic environment, and ultimately achieve high-precision and high-reliability control of the system.

[0037] In summary, the feedback network formed by the feedback resistor Ra4 in the current amplification module and the second channel of the operational amplifier chip U1 can monitor and adjust the feedback signal of the main control module in real time, thereby further improving the accuracy of the control signal; through the introduction of the feedback loop, distortion and drift in signal transmission can be effectively avoided, thereby improving the regulation performance of the entire system.

[0038] Further, such as Figure 4-Figure 5 As shown, the DC-DC conversion module includes a DC-DC conversion chip U4 and a switch management unit. The power input end of the switch management unit is connected to the power supply, the power output end of the switch management unit outputs the power supply for power supply, the enable end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the enable signal output end of the main control module, the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the control signal output end of the current amplification module, and the switch signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the switch signal input end of the switch management unit, so as to adjust the output current by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch management unit.

[0039] In this embodiment, the core components of the DC-DC conversion module include a DC-DC conversion chip U4 and a switch management unit. These two parts complement each other and jointly complete the efficient conversion of input power to output power, and dynamically adjust the output current through a control signal to meet the load demand. The power input end of the switch management unit is directly connected to the power supply, responsible for receiving the external power input, and providing basic power support for subsequent power conversion and regulation. At the same time, the power output end of the switch management unit, as the final power output interface, outputs the stable power after processing by the DC-DC conversion chip and the switch management unit to the load to realize the power supply to the load. The enable end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the enable signal output end of the main control module, which plays a role in controlling the start and stop of the DC-DC conversion module. After detecting that the input voltage meets the preset threshold range, the main control module will send an enable signal to the enable end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 through the enable signal output end, indicating that the DC-DC conversion module starts working. This design ensures that the DC-DC conversion module only works when the external power supply conditions are suitable, avoiding false start-up when the input voltage is abnormal or unstable, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the system. The control signal input terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the control signal output terminal of the current amplifier module, and is used to receive the control signal generated by the main control module and processed by the current amplifier module. This connection relationship enables the DC-DC conversion chip to dynamically adjust its working state according to the change of the control signal. The control signal usually carries the target information about the current regulation. After receiving the control signal, the DC-DC conversion chip analyzes the signal through the internal circuit and outputs the corresponding switch signal to drive the switch management unit to achieve precise current control. The switch signal output terminal of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the switch signal input terminal of the switch management unit. This connection constitutes a key link in signal control. The DC-DC conversion chip generates a high-frequency PWM switch signal according to the control signal, and sends it to the switch signal input terminal of the switch management unit through the switch signal output terminal. The switch management unit controls the on and off state of the MOS tube or other switch devices inside it by receiving the switch signal to adjust the duty cycle of the output current. Through the dynamic adjustment of the duty cycle, the switch management unit can accurately control the size of the output current, thereby realizing the precise supply of electrical energy required by the load. This reflects the core role of the DC-DC conversion module in power conversion and dynamic regulation. As the executive part of power conversion, the switch management unit is responsible for efficiently converting the input power into a stable output power, while the DC-DC conversion chip U4, as the control core, generates a switch signal by receiving a control signal and adjusts the working state of the switch management unit in real time. The enable signal of the main control module ensures the start and stop logic of the system, and the precise signal processing of the current amplifier module further ensures the reliability of the control signal.This design architecture with clear division of labor and collaborative work enables the entire DC-DC conversion module to achieve efficient power conversion and precise current control under dynamic conditions, meeting the needs of complex load environments, while improving the adaptability and reliability of the system.

[0040] In summary, through the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the switch management unit included in the DC-DC conversion module, efficient conversion of the input voltage to the load demand can be achieved, thereby improving the utilization rate of electric energy; by connecting the enable signal output end of the main control module with the enable end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, the DC-DC conversion module can be quickly started when the input voltage meets the conditions, thereby ensuring the response speed and adaptability of the system; by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch management unit through the switch signal output end of the DC-DC chip U4, the output current can be dynamically adjusted, thereby achieving precise power supply to the load.

[0041] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, the switch management unit includes an inductor L1, a first MOS tube M1, a second MOS tube M2, a third MOS tube M3 and a fourth MOS tube M4. The first switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1, and the second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4. The common node between the first switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the first end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first conduction end of the first MOS tube M1 on the one hand, and to the first conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 on the other hand. The second conduction end of the first MOS tube M1 is connected to the power supply, and the second conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 is connected to the power supply. A common node between the second end of L1 and the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first conduction end of the third MOS tube M3 on the one hand, and is connected to the first conduction end of the fourth MOS tube M4 on the other hand. The second conduction end of the third MOS tube M3 is combined with the power supply and the second conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 to output power for power supply. The switch signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 includes a first switch port connected to the controlled end of the first MOS tube M1, a second switch port connected to the controlled end of the second MOS tube M2, a third switch port connected to the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3, and a fourth switch port connected to the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4.

[0042] In this embodiment, the switch management unit realizes efficient conversion and dynamic output regulation of electric energy through the configuration of inductor L1 and four MOS tubes. The logical connection relationship of this module is closely related to the DC-DC conversion chip U4. The switch signal drives the switch device to turn on and off to complete the dynamic regulation and stable output of electric energy. The inductor L1 is the core element of energy transfer in the circuit. Its first end is connected to the first switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, which is used to receive the energy input driven by the control signal from the chip U4. The second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, forming a closed path for energy transfer. During the operation of the circuit, the main function of the inductor L1 is to store and release electric energy, while smoothing the fluctuation of the output current and ensuring the stability of the output current. The common node between the first end of the inductor L1 and the first switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is used as a key switch node, which is connected to the first conduction end of the first MOS tube M1 and the first conduction end of the second MOS tube M2. This design enables the first MOS tube M1 and the second MOS tube M2 to act as high-side switch devices, respectively, and to be turned on or off at different times, thereby controlling the energy flow. The second conduction end of the first MOS tube M1 is connected to the power supply, and is used to transfer the input electric energy to the switch node; the second conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 is also connected to the power supply, forming a high-side switch network connected in parallel with the first MOS tube M1. The common node between the second end of the inductor L1 and the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is also an important switch node, which is connected to the first conduction end of the third MOS tube M3 on the one hand, and to the first conduction end of the fourth MOS tube M4 on the other hand. The third MOS tube M3 and the fourth MOS tube M4 act as low-side switch devices, and cooperate with the first MOS tube M1 and the second MOS tube M2 to complete the high-low side switching control of the circuit. The second conduction end of the third MOS tube M3 is combined with the second conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 to realize the power supply of the output power supply. This design ensures that the path for energy to be transferred from the inductor L1 to the load can be switched under different switching states, thereby realizing dynamic regulation of the output current. The switch signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 directly controls the controlled ends of the four MOS tubes, and is connected to the controlled ends of the first MOS tube M1, the second MOS tube M2, the third MOS tube M3 and the fourth MOS tube M4 through the first switch port, the second switch port, the third switch port and the fourth switch port respectively. The U4 chip generates high-frequency PWM signals according to the control signals provided by the main control module and the current amplification module. These PWM signals drive the conduction and shutdown of the MOS tubes through the switch ports to control the transmission and distribution of electric energy in the circuit.Specifically, when the first MOS tube M1 and the fourth MOS tube M4 are turned on, the inductor L1 is charged and stores energy; when the second MOS tube M2 and the third MOS tube M3 are turned on, the inductor L1 releases energy to the load, thereby adjusting the output current. The entire design logic achieves precise control of the flow of electric energy through the four MOS tubes in the switch management unit, and completes the smoothing of the output current through the inductor L1. As the core control unit, the DC-DC conversion chip U4 coordinates the working status of the four MOS tubes by outputting high-frequency switching signals, so that the switch management unit can adjust the size and stability of the output current according to the load requirements. The role of this module is not only to achieve efficient conversion of input power to power required by the load, but also to ensure efficient operation and stable power supply of the system under various load conditions through a dynamic control mechanism.

[0043] In summary, through the collaboration of the inductor L1 in the switch management unit and the four MOS tubes, efficient energy transfer and dynamic adjustment of the output current can be achieved, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the system; through the series and parallel configuration of the MOS tubes, the switching loss can be reduced and a larger current output can be supported, thereby improving the power density and reliability of the DC-DC conversion module.

[0044] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, a resistor R3 is connected between the first switch port and the controlled end of the first MOS tube M1, a resistor R9 is connected between the second switch port and the controlled end of the second MOS tube M2, a resistor R4 is connected between the third switch port and the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3, the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3 is connected to the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, a resistor R8 is connected between the fourth switch port and the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4, and a resistor R14 is connected between the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4 and the ground.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first switch port, the second switch port, the third switch port and the fourth switch port are connected to the controlled ends of the first MOS tube M1, the second MOS tube M2, the third MOS tube M3 and the fourth MOS tube M4 through the resistor R3, the resistor R9, the resistor R4 and the resistor R8 respectively. The addition of these resistors not only plays a role in current limiting in signal transmission, but also effectively suppresses the peak voltage or current that may be introduced during the switching process of the switch device, thereby ensuring the stability of the switch signal and the reliable operation of the MOS tube. The resistor R3 is connected between the first switch port and the controlled end of the first MOS tube M1. This design ensures that the switch signal generated by the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is properly current limited when it is transmitted to the controlled end of the first MOS tube M1. The controlled end of the first MOS tube M1 plays a role in controlling the first MOS tube M1 to be turned on or off in the circuit, and the state of the first MOS tube M1 is controlled by the PWM signal transmitted from the first switch port to realize the function of the high-side switch. Similarly, a resistor R9 is connected between the second switch port and the controlled end of the second MOS tube M2, which is used to limit the current transmitted from the second switch port to the controlled end of the second MOS tube M2. This design avoids the generation of signal distortion or noise interference during high-frequency switching, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the second MOS tube M2. A resistor R4 is connected between the third switch port and the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3, and the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3 is further connected to the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4. This connection relationship enables the DC-DC conversion chip U4 to accurately control the on or off state of the third MOS tube M3 through the third switch port and the resistor R4. When the third MOS tube M3 is turned on, it forms a low-impedance path with the second end of the inductor L1, and releases the energy stored in the inductor to the load. At the same time, the resistor R4 here plays a role in limiting and stabilizing the control signal of the third MOS tube M3, which helps to suppress the high-frequency oscillation generated during the switching process. A resistor R8 is connected between the fourth switch port and the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4, and the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4 is also connected to the ground through a resistor R14. The resistor R8 limits the signal current transmitted from the fourth switch port to the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4 to protect the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4 from current shock. The introduction of the resistor R14 acts as a bias on the fourth MOS tube M4, so that the fourth MOS tube M4 remains in an off state when the control signal is not received, and at the same time, the parasitic oscillation caused by the switch switching is suppressed. The fourth MOS tube M4 cooperates with the third MOS tube M3 in the low-side switch network to adjust the release and recovery of the load current by accurately controlling its conduction time. Through the reasonable configuration of these resistors, a stable signal transmission path is formed, which not only ensures the integrity of the switch signal, but also effectively protects the controlled end of the MOS tube from high-frequency noise or current shock.This design logic makes full use of the characteristics of the switch management unit. The DC-DC conversion chip U4 controls the switch states of the first MOS tube M1, the second MOS tube M2, the third MOS tube M3 and the fourth MOS tube M4 through four switch ports, thereby achieving precise regulation of the energy in the inductor L1 and efficiently transferring the energy stored in the inductor to the load. In a dynamic environment, this precise control of the switch signal enables the system to achieve real-time regulation of the output current while ensuring the stability and efficiency of the system.

[0046] In summary, by introducing current limiting resistors R3, R9, R4 and R8 between the switch port and the controlled end of the MOS tube, the impact of the switching current can be effectively limited, thereby protecting the MOS tube from overcurrent damage and improving the stability and life of the system; by properly selecting the value of the current limiting resistor, the influence of parasitic parameters on the switching process can be reduced, thereby improving the electrical performance of the system.

[0047] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, the DC-DC conversion module also includes a feedback acquisition network, which includes a resistor R11, a resistor R20 and a resistor R30. The first end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power output end of the switch management unit, the second end of the resistor R11 is connected to the first end of the resistor R20, the second end of the resistor R20 is connected to the first end of the resistor R30, the second end of the resistor R20 is grounded, and the common node between the second end of the resistor R20 and the first end of the resistor R30 is connected to the feedback end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4.

[0048] In this embodiment, in the DC-DC conversion module, the feedback acquisition network realizes real-time acquisition and feedback of the output voltage through the combination of resistor R11, resistor R20 and resistor R30, forming the closed-loop control core of the whole system. The first end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power output end of the switch management unit, so that it can directly collect the output voltage signal. This design ensures that the feedback acquisition network can obtain the real output voltage information, thereby providing basic data for subsequent signal processing and control. The second end of the resistor R11 is connected to the first end of the resistor R20, and this connection constitutes a signal voltage divider network. The resistor R11 and the resistor R20 divide the output voltage together, and the adjusted signal voltage is determined by the voltage divider ratio. The design of the voltage divider network not only reduces the voltage amplitude directly fed back to the feedback end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, but also protects the feedback end of U4 from high voltage shock. Through this voltage divider structure, the system can collect a stable voltage signal suitable for input to the feedback end of U4. The second end of the resistor R20 is connected to the first end of the resistor R30, and this connection continues the signal transmission of the voltage divider network. At the same time, the second end of the resistor R20 is grounded, further forming a stable voltage-dividing circuit structure. The grounding design provides a reference point for the feedback acquisition network, making the entire voltage-dividing process more stable and avoiding abnormal feedback signals caused by noise interference or current fluctuations. The common node between the second end of the resistor R20 and the first end of the resistor R30 is directly connected to the feedback end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4. This common node is the final exit of the signal in the feedback acquisition network, and the adjusted signal is transmitted to the feedback end of U4 for real-time monitoring of the output voltage change. The feedback end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 compares the feedback signal received from the common node with the target output voltage, thereby dynamically adjusting the output of its control signal, and further driving the switch management unit to complete the adjustment of the output voltage. The feedback acquisition network completes the signal acquisition, voltage-dividing adjustment and feedback transmission of the output voltage through the reasonable configuration of the resistor R11, the resistor R20 and the resistor R30. The role of the resistor R11 is to introduce the output voltage into the feedback acquisition network, the resistor R20 plays a key role in the signal voltage-dividing process, and the resistor R30 further divides the voltage and smoothes the feedback signal. This network structure ensures that the DC-DC converter chip U4 can receive accurate and stable feedback signals, providing reliable data support for the closed-loop control of the output voltage. Through the feedback acquisition network, the DC-DC conversion module realizes real-time monitoring and adjustment of the output voltage. The feedback acquisition network transmits the output voltage information to the DC-DC converter chip U4 in a safe and stable manner, enabling it to dynamically adjust the duty cycle of the switching signal according to the feedback signal, thereby accurately controlling the output current and output voltage. This design logic enables the system to respond quickly when the load changes, maintain the stability of the output voltage, and improve the reliability and adaptability of the system.

[0049] In summary, through the voltage-dividing configuration of resistors R11, R20, and R30 in the feedback acquisition network, the output voltage can be accurately acquired and fed back to the DC-DC conversion chip U4, thereby realizing closed-loop control of the output voltage; through the voltage-dividing ratio design of the feedback acquisition network, the damage to the chip input terminal caused by direct transmission of high-voltage signals can be avoided, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0050] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter also includes a signal acquisition module, which includes a resistor R12, a resistor R7 and a resistor R25, wherein a first end of the resistor R7 is connected to a power supply, a second end of the resistor R7 is connected to a first end of the resistor R25, a second end of the resistor R25 is grounded, a common node between the second end of the resistor R7 and the first end of the resistor R25 is connected to a first end of the resistor R12, and a second end of the resistor R12 is connected to a first signal acquisition end of a main control module.

[0051] In this embodiment, the signal acquisition module realizes real-time monitoring of the power input voltage through the combination of resistor R12, resistor R7 and resistor R25, and transmits the collected voltage signal to the first signal acquisition terminal of the main control module, providing key input data for the control logic of the entire DC-DC converter. The first end of resistor R7 is directly connected to the power supply, so that it can collect the actual input voltage signal from the power supply. Through this connection mode, the signal acquisition module can reflect the dynamic changes of the input voltage in real time and provide accurate input parameters for the control decision of the subsequent circuit. The second end of resistor R7 is connected to the first end of resistor R25, and this connection relationship constitutes a voltage divider network in the signal acquisition module. The series structure of resistor R7 and resistor R25 divides the input voltage and adjusts the high-voltage signal to a voltage range suitable for subsequent signal processing. The design of the voltage divider network not only reduces the amplitude of the signal voltage, protects the subsequent components from high voltage damage, but also ensures the linear transmission of the signal, and provides a reliable voltage input reference for the main control module. The second end of resistor R25 is grounded, and this design provides a stable reference point for the voltage divider network, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the voltage divider signal. Through the grounding design, the signal acquisition module can effectively avoid the interference of noise or transient fluctuations in the input voltage on the voltage-dividing signal, thereby ensuring the purity and reliability of the collected signal. The common node between the second end of the resistor R7 and the first end of the resistor R25 is used as the output end of the signal acquisition module and is connected to the first end of the resistor R12. This common node carries the signal voltage processed by the voltage-dividing network, and its voltage value is determined by the resistance ratio of the resistor R7 and the resistor R25, which can truly reflect the input voltage of the power supply. By introducing the voltage signal of the common node into the resistor R12, the signal acquisition module further transmits the processed signal to the first signal acquisition end of the main control module. The function of the resistor R12 is to limit the current from the signal acquisition module to the first signal acquisition end of the main control module to protect the input end of the main control module from the impact of current shock. In addition, the introduction of the resistor R12 can also suppress the high-frequency noise in the signal transmission to a certain extent, further improving the stability and reliability of the input signal. Through the connection of the resistor R12, the voltage-dividing signal of the signal acquisition module can be efficiently and safely transmitted to the main control module, providing real-time input voltage data for the main control module. It realizes real-time monitoring and accurate acquisition of input voltage, and stably transmits the processed signal to the main control module. The main control module can accurately judge the operating status of the external power supply based on the input voltage data transmitted by the signal acquisition module, and generate appropriate control signals according to the dynamic changes of the input voltage to drive the DC-DC conversion module to complete the dynamic adjustment of the output current and voltage. The logic design of this module ensures the stability and accuracy of the input signal, provides basic support for the efficient operation of the entire system, and improves the system's adaptability to dynamic input conditions and control accuracy.

[0052] In summary, the signal processing network composed of resistors R7, R25 and R12 in the signal acquisition module can accurately collect the input voltage and transmit it to the main control module, thereby providing reliable input data for subsequent power supply type judgment and control; through the resistor voltage divider design of the signal acquisition module, the signal acquisition end of the main control module can be effectively protected from damage by high-voltage input, thereby improving the durability and stability of the system.

[0053] like Figure 6 As shown, a maximum power point tracking method of a DC-DC converter is applied to a maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter. A maximum power point tracking method of a DC-DC converter includes: S10, obtaining the input voltage in real time, and determining whether the input voltage falls within a predetermined preset voltage range, and if not, continuing to determine; In the present embodiment, the real-time acquisition of the input voltage is completed through the first signal acquisition terminal of the main control module, which is connected to the signal acquisition module for real-time detection of the voltage value of the power input terminal, and transmits the collected voltage signal to the processing unit inside the main control module. In this way, the main control module can monitor the change state of the input voltage in real time and determine whether the current power supply meets the working requirements of the system. For example, when the input voltage comes from a solar panel, its value may fluctuate dynamically due to changes in light intensity, and when the input voltage comes from a constant voltage power supply, its value is usually more stable. Therefore, the technical effect of this step is to ensure that the system can judge the applicability of the power supply based on the real-time input voltage, and avoid system failure caused by abnormal input voltage.

[0054] S20, if it falls, determine the input voltage at the current moment as the initial reference voltage, record the current moment as the initial moment, and control the main control module to send an enable signal to start the DC-DC conversion module; In this embodiment, the determination of whether the input voltage falls within the preset voltage range is completed by the comparison logic inside the main control module, which compares the real-time input voltage with the upper and lower thresholds preset in the system to determine whether the input voltage is within this range. For example, if the preset voltage range of the system is 12V to 56V, the input voltage below 12V or above 56V will be determined as an invalid voltage, and the main control module will continue to monitor without enabling the DC-DC conversion module. The technical effect of this step is to avoid starting the system when the input voltage is abnormal (such as too low or too high), thereby protecting the safety of the DC-DC conversion module and the load device; determining the input voltage at the current moment as the initial reference voltage is to provide a reference value for subsequent input voltage comparison. The acquisition of the initial reference voltage is performed when the input voltage first falls into the preset voltage range. Recording the initial reference voltage and the initial moment can provide a time reference and a numerical reference for monitoring the voltage change within the sampling period. For example, when the solar panel provides power input under stable sunlight, the initial reference voltage may be 24V, which will be stored and compared with the voltage sampled in real time later. The technical effect of this step is to establish a stable voltage reference, providing reliable data support for subsequent judgment of voltage fluctuations and power supply types.

[0055] S30, determining one or more sampling periods, and acquiring the real-time input voltage at the sampling moment in real time, where the sampling moment is the time point at which the voltage is collected after the sampling period starting from the initial moment; In this embodiment, one or more sampling periods are determined in order to dynamically monitor the changes of the input voltage over time, and the setting of the sampling period is determined by the response speed of the system and the characteristics of the power supply. For example, if the power supply is a solar panel and the light changes rapidly, the sampling period can be set to a shorter time interval, such as 10 milliseconds, to ensure that the rapid changes in voltage can be captured. If the power supply is a constant voltage power supply, the sampling period can be appropriately extended to reduce the sampling frequency, thereby saving system resources. The technical effect of this step is that through a reasonable sampling strategy, it is possible to efficiently capture the dynamic changes of the input voltage and avoid the system performance loss caused by excessively high sampling frequencies.

[0056] S40, determining the type of peripheral power supply according to the comparison result of the real-time input voltage and the initial reference voltage, where the peripheral power supply type at least includes a solar panel power supply and a constant voltage power supply; In this embodiment, the type of peripheral power supply is determined based on the comparison result of the real-time input voltage and the initial reference voltage by analyzing the fluctuation characteristics of the input voltage. The main control module will compare the change amplitude of the real-time voltage and the initial reference voltage in one or more sampling cycles. If it is found that the input voltage fluctuates greatly, the peripheral power supply is judged to be a solar panel power supply; if the input voltage fluctuates slightly or remains stable, the peripheral power supply is judged to be a constant voltage power supply. For example, if the input voltage fluctuates from 24V to 28V and quickly falls back to 23V in a sampling cycle, it can be determined to be a solar panel power supply; and if the voltage is always stable at 24V, it can be determined to be a constant voltage power supply. The technical effect of this step is to achieve accurate judgment of the power supply type through dynamic characteristic analysis, providing a basis for subsequent differentiated control.

[0057] S50: If the power source type of the peripheral device is a constant voltage power source, control the main control module to send a first control signal to the DC-DC conversion module so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs a fixed output current; In this embodiment, the main control module is controlled to send a first control signal to the DC-DC conversion module in order to cope with the characteristics of the constant voltage power supply. The main control module instructs the DC-DC conversion module to output a fixed current through the first control signal to meet the load demand. For example, when it is detected that the input voltage is a constant voltage power supply, the main control module will send a control signal to make the DC-DC conversion module output a constant current of 2A, thereby providing a stable energy supply for the load. The technical effect of this step is to simplify the control logic of the system and ensure the power supply efficiency and system stability in the constant voltage power supply mode.

[0058] S60. If the external power supply type is a solar panel power supply, the main control module is controlled to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module to make the DC-DC conversion module output different output currents. The main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply is operating at the maximum power point according to the different output currents, and then determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

[0059] In this embodiment, the control main control module sends a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module in order to cope with the characteristics of the solar panel power supply, and the main control module dynamically adjusts the output current of the DC-DC conversion module through the second control signal. The main control module will calculate the power change trend according to different output currents to determine whether the solar panel is operating at the maximum power point. For example, when the main control module gradually increases the output current, if it is found that the power increases with the increase of current, the current will continue to increase; if the power no longer increases or begins to decrease, it indicates that the current power point is the maximum power point, thereby locking this output current value. The technical effect of this step is to optimize the power generation efficiency of the solar panel through the maximum power point tracking algorithm, ensuring that the system can operate efficiently under dynamic conditions and provide maximum power output for the load.

[0060] In summary, by acquiring the input voltage in real time and judging whether it falls within the preset threshold range, it is possible to ensure that the DC-DC conversion module is started under appropriate input conditions, thereby avoiding system instability caused by abnormal input voltage; by judging the type of peripheral power supply according to the changing characteristics of the input voltage, it is possible to accurately distinguish between the solar panel power supply and the constant voltage power supply, thereby providing a basis for the subsequent selection of control strategies; by adopting a dynamic disturbance observation control strategy for the solar panel power supply, it is possible to quickly track and lock the maximum power point, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the solar panel.

[0061] In one embodiment, if Figure 7 As shown, in step S60, that is, if the type of the external power supply is a solar panel power supply, the main control module is controlled to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module to make the DC-DC conversion module output different output currents, and the main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply is working at the maximum power point according to the different output currents, and then determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module. In the step, the second control signal includes at least an initial control signal and a disturbance control signal, including: S601, if the external power source type is a solar panel power source, control the main control module to send an initial control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, and obtain an initial output current corresponding to the output adjusted by the initial control signal; In this embodiment, the initial control signal is generated by the main control module according to the initial reference voltage, instructing the DC-DC conversion module to output a fixed value of current as a reference for subsequent disturbance adjustment. The initial output current is measured by the current amplifier module of the DC-DC conversion module and fed back to the main control module to record the starting state of the current system. For example, when the initial reference voltage is 24V, the main control module can instruct the DC-DC conversion module to output a current of 2A and store this current as the initial output current in the control logic. The technical effect of this step is to provide the initial reference current and power data for maximum power point tracking, ensuring that the system can operate stably before disturbance adjustment.

[0062] S602, determining a disturbance period, and obtaining the real-time output current at the disturbance time in real time, where the disturbance time is the time point at which the disturbance is performed after the disturbance period, starting from the time when the initial control signal is sent; In this embodiment, the disturbance period is a fixed time interval set by the main control module, which is used to determine the time node of each power disturbance adjustment. The main control module obtains the current real-time output current at the end of each disturbance period, and applies a small-amplitude disturbance signal to the DC-DC conversion module to observe the changing trend of the output current and power. For example, the disturbance period can be set to 50 milliseconds. At the end of each disturbance period, the main control module will slightly increase or decrease the output current of the DC-DC conversion module and record the new real-time output current. The technical effect of this step is to dynamically adjust the output current through periodic disturbances, so that the system can track the maximum power point.

[0063] S603, determining the corresponding initial power based on the initial output current, determining the corresponding real-time power based on the real-time output current, and judging whether the initial power is greater than the real-time power; In this embodiment, the initial power is calculated by multiplying the initial output current by the input voltage, and the real-time power is calculated by multiplying the real-time output current by the input voltage. The main control module calculates the real-time power after each disturbance and compares it with the previously recorded initial power to determine whether the disturbance has brought about a power increase. For example, if the initial output current is 2A and the input voltage is 24V, the initial power is 48W; after a disturbance, if the real-time output current is 2.2A and the real-time power is 52.8W, the main control module determines that the real-time power is greater than the initial power. The technical effect of this step is to determine whether the disturbance direction is correct by comparing the power changes, and to provide a basis for the gradual approach to the maximum power point.

[0064] S604: If the initial power is less than the real-time power, determine the real-time power as the new initial power, and reacquire the new real-time power to compare with the new initial power until the new initial power is greater than or equal to the new real-time power. In this embodiment, when the power is increased, the main control module records the real-time power and the real-time output current as the new initial power and the initial output current, respectively, and continues to update the real-time power through periodic disturbances until the disturbance no longer causes the power to increase. For example, during multiple disturbances, the power increases from 48W to 52.8W, and then to 55W. When the subsequent disturbance causes the power to drop back to 54.5W, the main control module stops updating the initial power and terminates the disturbance operation. The technical effect of this step is to ensure that the system can accurately find the maximum power point through multiple iterations and comparisons, and avoid continuing to disturb when the power drops, wasting energy.

[0065] S605: If the initial power is greater than or equal to the real-time power, determine that the initial output current corresponding to the initial power is the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

[0066] In this embodiment, after detecting that the power has dropped, the main control module uses the currently recorded initial output current as the final output current and instructs the DC-DC conversion module to maintain this current output state. For example, if the initial power is 55W and the corresponding output current is 2.5A, the main control module will terminate the disturbance operation and lock the output current to 2.5A to ensure that the solar panel operates at the maximum power point. The technical effect of this step is to avoid energy loss caused by repeated disturbances of the system through reasonable judgment of the disturbance end conditions, while ensuring that the output power of the solar panel is always in the best state, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0067] In summary, by sending the initial control signal and obtaining the corresponding initial output current, a reference benchmark can be provided for subsequent disturbance control, thereby improving the convergence speed and efficiency of the disturbance observation method; by determining the disturbance period and obtaining the real-time output current at the disturbance moment, the rhythm of the power point search can be dynamically adjusted to ensure the stability of the system; by comparing the initial power and the real-time power and iteratively optimizing, the maximum power point can be gradually approached, thereby realizing efficient power generation of solar panels in a dynamic environment.

[0068] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be distributed and completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0069] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A maximum power point tracking circuit for a DC-DC converter, characterized in that: The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter comprises a main control module, a current amplifying module and a DC-DC conversion module, wherein the power input end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to the power supply, the power output end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to the load, the first signal acquisition end of the main control module is used to acquire the input voltage of the power supply in real time, the enable signal output end of the main control module is connected to the enable signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, the control signal output end of the main control module is connected to the control signal input end of the current amplifying module, the control signal output end of the current amplifying module is connected to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, and the common node between the power output end of the DC-DC conversion module and the load is connected to the second signal acquisition end of the main control module for real-time acquisition of the output current of the DC-DC conversion module; When the input voltage meets the preset threshold range, the DC-DC conversion module is turned on by the enable signal output from the enable signal output terminal of the main control module, and the main control module generates a corresponding control signal according to the change difference of the input voltage, and transmits the control signal to the DC-DC conversion module through the control signal output terminal of the main control module. The DC-DC conversion module outputs the corresponding output current according to the control signal, and the main control module determines whether to continue to generate the control signal according to the change trend of the output current, and then controls the DC-DC conversion module to output the corresponding output current at maximum power.

2. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current amplification module includes an operational amplifier chip U1, a resistor Ra1, a resistor Ra2, a resistor Ra3, a capacitor Ca1 and a capacitor Ca2. The first end of the resistor Ra1 is connected to the control signal output end of the main control module, the second end of the resistor Ra1 is connected to the first end of the resistor Ra2, the second end of the resistor Ra2 is connected to the first channel positive input end of the operational amplifier chip U1, the capacitor Ca1 is connected between the common node between the second end of the resistor Ra1 and the first end of the resistor Ra2 and the ground, the capacitor Ca2 is connected between the common node between the second end of the resistor Ra2 and the first channel positive input end of the operational amplifier chip U1 and the ground, the first end of the resistor Ra3 is connected to the first channel output end of the operational amplifier chip U1, the second end of the resistor Ra3 is connected to the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module, and the common node between the first end of the resistor Ra3 and the first channel output end of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected to the first channel negative input end of the operational amplifier chip U1.

3. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The current amplification module also includes a resistor Ra4, a first end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the control feedback signal input end of the main control module, a second end of the resistor Ra4 is connected to the second channel output end of the operational amplifier chip U1, a common node between the second end of the resistor Ra3 and the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion module is connected to the second channel positive input end of the operational amplifier chip U1, and the second channel negative input end of the operational amplifier chip U1 is connected.

4. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The DC-DC conversion module includes a DC-DC conversion chip U4 and a switch management unit, the power input end of the switch management unit is connected to the power supply, the power output end of the switch management unit outputs the power supply for power supply, the enable end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the enable signal output end of the main control module, the control signal input end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the control signal output end of the current amplification module, and the switch signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the switch signal input end of the switch management unit, so as to adjust the output current by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch management unit.

5. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The switch management unit includes an inductor L1, a first MOS tube M1, a second MOS tube M2, a third MOS tube M3 and a fourth MOS tube M4. The first switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1, and the second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4. The common node between the first switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 and the first end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first conduction end of the first MOS tube M1 on the one hand, and to the first conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 on the other hand. The second conduction end of the first MOS tube M1 is connected to a power supply, and the second conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 is connected to a power supply. A common node between the second end of L1 and the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 is connected to the first conduction end of the third MOS tube M3 on the one hand, and is connected to the first conduction end of the fourth MOS tube M4 on the other hand. The second conduction end of the third MOS tube M3 is combined with the power supply and the second conduction end of the second MOS tube M2 to output power for power supply. The switch signal output end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4 includes a first switch port connected to the controlled end of the first MOS tube M1, a second switch port connected to the controlled end of the second MOS tube M2, a third switch port connected to the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3, and a fourth switch port connected to the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4.

6. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 5, characterized in that: A resistor R3 is connected between the first switch port and the controlled end of the first MOS tube M1, a resistor R9 is connected between the second switch port and the controlled end of the second MOS tube M2, a resistor R4 is connected between the third switch port and the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3, the controlled end of the third MOS tube M3 is connected to the second switch node end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4, a resistor R8 is connected between the fourth switch port and the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4, and a resistor R14 is connected between the controlled end of the fourth MOS tube M4 and ground.

7. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The DC-DC conversion module also includes a feedback acquisition network, which includes a resistor R11, a resistor R20 and a resistor R30. The first end of the resistor R11 is connected to the power output end of the switch management unit, the second end of the resistor R11 is connected to the first end of the resistor R20, the second end of the resistor R20 is connected to the first end of the resistor R30, the second end of the resistor R20 is grounded, and the common node between the second end of the resistor R20 and the first end of the resistor R30 is connected to the feedback end of the DC-DC conversion chip U4.

8. The maximum power point tracking circuit of a DC-DC converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum power point tracking circuit of the DC-DC converter also includes a signal acquisition module, which includes a resistor R12, a resistor R7 and a resistor R25, wherein the first end of the resistor R7 is connected to a power supply, the second end of the resistor R7 is connected to the first end of the resistor R25, the second end of the resistor R25 is grounded, a common node between the second end of the resistor R7 and the first end of the resistor R25 is connected to the first end of the resistor R12, and the second end of the resistor R12 is connected to the first signal acquisition end of the main control module.

9. A maximum power point tracking method for a DC-DC converter, applied to a maximum power point tracking circuit for a DC-DC converter as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The maximum power point tracking method of a DC-DC converter comprises: Acquire the input voltage in real time, and determine whether the input voltage falls within a predetermined voltage range, and if not, continue to determine; If it does, determine that the input voltage at the current moment is the initial reference voltage, record the current moment as the initial moment, and control the main control module to send an enable signal to start the DC-DC conversion module; Determine one or more sampling periods, and obtain the real-time input voltage at the sampling moment in real time, wherein the sampling moment is the time point at which the voltage is collected after the sampling period starting from the initial moment; Determining the type of power supply for the peripheral device according to the comparison result between the real-time input voltage and the initial reference voltage, wherein the type of power supply for the peripheral device at least includes a solar panel power supply and a constant voltage power supply; If the external power source type is a constant voltage power source, controlling the main control module to send a first control signal to the DC-DC conversion module so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs a fixed output current; If the external power supply type is a solar panel power supply, the main control module is controlled to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs different output currents. The main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply is operating at the maximum power point based on the different output currents, and then determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

10. A maximum power point tracking method for a DC-DC converter according to claim 9, characterized in that: If the type of the external power supply is a solar panel power supply, the main control module is controlled to send a second control signal to the DC-DC conversion module so that the DC-DC conversion module outputs different output currents, and the main control module determines whether the solar panel power supply operates at a maximum power point according to different output currents, and then determines the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module, wherein the second control signal includes at least an initial control signal and a disturbance control signal, including: If the external power source type is a solar panel power source, control the main control module to send an initial control signal to the DC-DC conversion module, and obtain an initial output current corresponding to the output after being adjusted by the initial control signal; Determine the disturbance period, and obtain the real-time output current at the disturbance moment in real time, wherein the disturbance moment is the time point at which the disturbance is performed after the disturbance period, starting from the time when the initial control signal is sent; Based on the initial output current, determine the corresponding initial power, based on the real-time output current, determine the corresponding real-time power, and judge whether the initial power is greater than the real-time power; If the initial power is less than the real-time power, the real-time power is determined to be a new initial power, and a new real-time power is acquired again to be compared with the new initial power until the new initial power is greater than or equal to the new real-time power; If the initial power is greater than or equal to the real-time power, it is determined that the initial output current corresponding to the initial power is the output current finally output by the DC-DC conversion module.

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