Photovoltaic module forming body and method thereof

Abstract

A shaped body (6, 7) for producing a photovoltaic module, in particular a photovoltaic thermal module (4), comprising: a top side (11) which is curved concavely or convexly in an upward direction (Z) for bending a layer stack (12) having at least two layers (1, 2, 3) for the photovoltaic module (4). A method for processing the layer stack (12) for a photovoltaic module is also provided.

Description

[0001] A shaped body for producing a photovoltaic module, in particular for producing a photovoltaic thermal module, is disclosed. Furthermore, a method for processing a layer stack for a photovoltaic module, in particular for a photovoltaic thermal module, is disclosed.

[0002] Document WO 2015 / 184402 relates to a photovoltaic module with an integrated liquid cooling system.

[0003] It is desirable to provide a shaped body for producing a photovoltaic module, which shaped body can be produced reliably. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide a method for processing a layer stack for a photovoltaic module, which method can reliably process the layer stack and thus in particular can reliably produce a photovoltaic module.

[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to molded bodies for manufacturing photovoltaic modules, in particular photovoltaic thermal modules. Other embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods for processing layer stacks for photovoltaic modules, in particular photovoltaic thermal modules. In particular, the method is part of a manufacturing method for photovoltaic modules. For example, a molded body according to at least one of the embodiments described herein is used in the method. Therefore, the features, advantages and further improvements of the molded body also apply to the method, and vice versa.

[0005] The shaped body comprises a top side which is curved concavely or convexly in an upward direction. The shaped body with the curved top side is configured to be curved for a layer stack of a photovoltaic module. The layer stack comprises at least two layers. The layer stack then becomes part of a photovoltaic module. The two layers, for example, comprise a PV laminate with a glass sheet, a laminating film and / or a planar radiator. For example, the solar cell is already connected to the glass sheet, and the planar radiator is attached to the glass sheet with the solar cell by lamination.

[0006] For example, the photovoltaic module is a conventional photovoltaic module without a heat sink. For example, the photovoltaic module comprises crystalline solar cells and / or thin film solar cells. The two layers comprise, for example, a PV laminate with a glass plate and crystalline solar cells. The two layers comprise, for example, a PV laminate with a glass plate and thin film solar cells. The shaped body can be used to intentionally produce curved modules, for example, curved modules for facades. The shaped body can also be used to compensate for undesired curvatures in conventional photovoltaic modules in order to achieve modules that are as flat as possible.

[0007] The layer stack can be bent or folded using the molded body. Thus, during the production of photovoltaic modules, the layer stack can be bent as desired with the aid of the molded body. This bending compensates in particular for stresses that would occur in the layer stack due to different thermal expansion coefficients. Without the molded body, these stresses would lead to an undesired warping of the layer stack. The molded body allows the layer stack to be warped in the opposite direction during production, so that the stresses caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients then precisely compensate for this warping and a flat layer stack is obtained. Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the layers of the layer stack, the layer stack no longer warps unintentionally.

[0008] Due to the concave or convex shape of the shaped body, the shaped body is also referred to as a lens, in particular as a mechanical lens. In the context of the present disclosure, a concave curvature in the upward direction is understood to be a shape that is particularly curved inwards of the top side, wherein the upward direction is perpendicular to the main extension plane of the top side. Correspondingly, a convex curvature is understood to be a shape that is curved outwards, wherein the upward direction is perpendicular to the main extension plane of the top side.

[0009] According to at least one embodiment, the forming body comprises a plurality of flat extending plates. The plates are stacked on top of each other in an upward direction. The upward direction is oriented transversely to the flat extension. In particular, the flat extending plates comprise flat extensions of different sizes from each other. Thus, the curved forming body can be formed by plates stacked on top of each other. For example, in order to form a convex top side, the plates extending in the upward direction become smaller. For example, the top side is formed by a flat end plate covering the top stacked plates. This can achieve a flat top side.

[0010] According to at least one embodiment, the shaped body comprises a plurality of rods, as an alternative or in addition to a plurality of plates. The rods are each elongated in an upward direction. The rods are arranged adjacent to each other transversely to the upward direction. The curved top side can be formed by rods of different lengths. It is also possible to combine plates and rods, for example, in the upward direction, first a flat extending plate and then an elongated rod.

[0011] According to at least one embodiment, the shaped body is formed by a solid body. Thus, the shaped body is constructed as a single piece. For example, the shaped body is milled from a single block of material.

[0012] According to at least one embodiment, the top side is a full surface. In particular, when a solid body is used and / or a plurality of plates are used, the top side is constructed as a full surface. When using rods, the top side can also be constructed as a full surface area. However, in this case, an additional covering layer must be applied to the top side of the rod. Alternatively, the top side can also include one or more gaps. For example, the space between the rods is called a gap. A covering structure (e.g. a wire mesh) can also be applied to the rod to form a top side with gaps. Alternatively, a full-surface covering plate is provided to form a flat top side on the rod.

[0013] According to at least one embodiment, the top side is curved only along the longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis extends transversely to the upward direction. The top side is not curved along a transverse axis, which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis and transversely to the upward axis. Along the transverse axis, the top side is a straight line.

[0014] According to at least one further embodiment, the top side is bent along the longitudinal axis and along the transverse axis.Thus using the shaped body, the bending of the layer stack is possible in all spatial directions in a single bending process.

[0015] According to at least one embodiment, the shaped body comprises a thermal conductivity of at least 30 W / (m·K), in particular a thermal conductivity of 50 W / (m·K). The shaped body comprises a sufficiently high thermal conductivity to sufficiently guide the heat introduced into and / or removed from the layer stack during manufacturing and processing. Other values ​​of thermal conductivity are also feasible. For example, the thermal conductivity is at least 100 W / (m·K) or at least 400 W / (m·K). Due to the sufficiently high thermal conductivity, the molded body is able to cool the layer stack after the lamination process for connecting the layers of the layer stack. The molded body can also be used during the lamination process. In this case, due to the sufficiently high thermal conductivity, the molded body guides the heat required for lamination to the layer stack. According to some embodiments, the layer stack is cooled on the molded body. According to other embodiments, the layer stack is not cooled on the molded body, but is still heated after lamination and removed from the molded body. According to other embodiments, the layer stack is not laminated on the molded body, but is applied to the molded body bending after lamination, in particular in a heated state.

[0016] According to at least one embodiment, the shaped body is formed from plastic. According to at least one further embodiment, the shaped body is additionally or alternatively formed from metal, for example from aluminum or steel. The shaped body may comprise only a single material or be formed from a combination of materials.

[0017] According to at least one embodiment, the method includes providing a layer stack. The layer stack is stacked on a forming body according to one of the embodiments described herein so that the layer stack abuts against the forming body, in particular against the top side of the forming body. Thus, the layer stack is bent using the forming body. Subsequently, the layer stack is released from the forming body. After release, the layer stack is particularly flat. The stresses caused by different thermal expansion coefficients offset the bending of the layer stack, thereby balancing it at the expected operating temperature of the photovoltaic module. According to at least one other embodiment, the method includes heating the layer stack. Heating is used to laminate at least a portion of the layer stack when the layer stack is in contact with the forming body. Therefore, warping and lamination of the layer stack can be performed in a single process.

[0018] According to at least one further embodiment, the method comprises reducing the temperature of the layer stack while it is in contact with the forming body. The layer stack is cooled after lamination, while the layer stack is bent by the forming body. If the layer stack is laminated independently of the molded body and therefore not in contact with the molded body during lamination, a cooling step of the layer stack while it is in contact with the molded body is also possible. In this case, after lamination, the layer stack is placed on the top side of the molded body and bent before cooling.

[0019] According to at least one embodiment, the layer stack is provided with at least one metal planar heat sink and a glass pane. The metal planar heat sink and the glass pane comprise different coefficients of thermal expansion. However, by bending, a flat formation of the metal planar heat sink and the glass pane can be achieved, so that no undesirable stresses and bending will occur during the operation of the photovoltaic module.

[0020] Other advantages, features, and improvements will also be described below with reference to the drawings. The same reference numerals represent the same elements in the various drawings. No reference to the true scale is shown, but for better understanding, individual elements may be shown exaggeratedly large or thick.

[0021] In the attached picture:

[0022] Figure 1A shows a schematic diagram of a shaped body with a layer stack according to one embodiment,

[0023] Figure 1B shows a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic thermal module according to an embodiment,

[0024] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a shaped body with a layer stack according to one embodiment,

[0025] Figures 3A to 3G schematic diagrams each showing a shaped body according to different viewing angles and / or embodiments, and

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a photovoltaic thermal module is shown.

[0027] Photovoltaic thermal module 4 ( Figure 1B , Figure 4 ), PVT modules for short, combine photovoltaic modules for the purpose of generating electricity with the use of waste heat from the modules. PVT modules thus convert the incoming solar energy into electrical energy and make use of the waste heat that occurs in the process. In addition to electrical energy, such PVT modules also generate heat, for example in the form of hot water or another cooling liquid.

[0028] The PVT module 4 comprises a layer stack 12. The layer stack 12 comprises a plurality of layers stacked in an upward direction Z. In particular, the layer stack 12 comprises a PVT laminate 1 having a glass plate 13. The layer stack 12 comprises a laminating film 2. The laminating film 2 is arranged between the PVT laminate 1 and the planar heat sink 3. In particular, the PVT laminate 1 also comprises solar cells 102, cell connectors 103 and other elements to form the photovoltaic part of the PVT module 4.

[0029] The layers of the layer stack 12 are joined by a lamination process under the action of high temperature. For example, a temperature of 130° C. to 150° C. is used for this purpose, so that the PV laminate 1 is connected to the planar heat sink 3 via the lamination film 2 .

[0030] Figure 1A The layer stack 12 is shown during a manufacturing or processing step.

[0031] The layer stack 12 can be bent by the shaped body 6 . The shaped body 6 comprises a convexly curved top side 11 . The top side is therefore convex outwardly in the upward direction Z. The layer stack 12 is pressed against the top side 11 , so that the layer stack 12 is also convex due to the convex top side 11 .

[0032] 1 with a convexly curved shaped body 6, the PV material 1 lies directly on the shaped body 6 and the planar heat sink 3 faces away from the shaped body 6. The layer stack 12 is placed on the shaped body 6 so that the PV material 1 faces the top side 11 and is in particular in direct contact with the top side 11.

[0033] The forming body 6 is thermally and / or mechanically connected to the heating plate or cooling plate 5. The forming body 6 can be arranged in a lamination furnace for laminating the PV material 1 to the planar heat sink 3. The layer stack 12 is arranged on the top side 11 and bent during the lamination process. The heating plate 5 transfers heat to the layer stack 12 via the forming body 6. For this purpose, the forming body 6 comprises a material with sufficiently good thermal conductivity.

[0034] The layer stack 12 can also be laminated independently of the shaped body 6. For example, the layer stack 12 is laminated in a conventional manner.

[0035] After the lamination process, whether when the layer stack 12 is placed on the forming body 6 during lamination or when the lamination process is performed without the forming body 6, the layer stack 12 is cooled on the forming body 6. For example, after lamination, the layer stack 12 is still placed on the top side 11 at high temperature and is pressed so that the layer stack 12 is bent according to the top side 11.

[0036] The bending of the layer stack 12 has the effect of equalizing the stresses and bendings that occur during cooling in the layer stack 12. The planar heat sink 3, which stretches more than the PV laminate 1, contracts more during cooling than the PV material 1, in particular more than the glass pane 13. This contraction leads to compensation of the bending caused by the forming body 6. Due to the cooling, the layer stack 12 bulges in a direction that is exactly opposite to the bulge caused by the forming body 6.

[0037] Thus, at normal operating temperatures of, for example, -30°C to +80°C, the cooled layer stack 12 comprises a flat extension along a plane transverse to the upward direction Z. Undesired warping which usually occurs during cooling or during operation due to temperature fluctuations can thus be avoided or at least reduced. Figure 1B Such a layer stack 12 or photovoltaic thermal module is schematically shown after cooling. The PVT module 4 has no undesired curvature in the upward direction Z and is arranged flat along a plane extending from the longitudinal axis L and the transverse axis B. The longitudinal axis L, the transverse axis B and the upward direction Z are arranged in particular perpendicularly to one another.

[0038] For example, the shaped body 6 comprises a maximum dimension in the upward direction Z of 2 cm to 10 cm, in particular of 3 cm to 6 cm.

[0039] For example, the shaped body 6 comprises, along the transverse axis B, a maximum dimension of 0.8 m to 1.5 m, in particular of 1.1 m to 1.2 m.

[0040] For example, the shaped body 6 comprises, along the longitudinal axis L, a maximum dimension of 1.5 m to 2 m, in particular of 1.7 m to 1.8 m.

[0041] Figure 2 A further embodiment of a shaped body 7 is schematically shown. Unlike the shaped body 6 , the shaped body 7 is concavely curved, so that the top side 11 comprises a concave curvature in the upward direction Z. Apart from this, the shaped bodies 6 and 7 can be constructed in the same way.

[0042] During processing, the layer stack 12 is placed on the top side 11 so that the planar heat sink 3 faces the forming body 7. The PV laminate 1, in particular the glass sheet 13, is arranged facing away from the forming body 7. For example, the PV laminate 3 is in direct contact with the top side 11 of the forming body 7. This arrangement allows bending of the layer stack 12, with Figure 1A In the embodiment of the invention, the planar heat sink 3 is stretched more than the PV laminate 1, in particular more than the glass sheet 13. After cooling, the heat sink 3 can be realized according to Figure 1B A planar photovoltaic thermal module 4.

[0043] The shaped body 7 comprises one or more recesses 9. The recesses 9 are used to accommodate connectors 8 of the PVT module 4. The connectors 8 are hydraulic connectors and / or electrical connections, for example. Despite the connectors 8, the recesses 9 allow sufficient contact between the top side 11 and the planar heat sink 3.

[0044] Figures 3A to 3G Schematic views and various embodiments of a shaped body 6 are shown. According to an embodiment, the concavely curved shaped body 7 comprises the same features and design. Therefore, the features will be explained below in conjunction with the shaped body 6 and are equally applicable to the shaped body 7.

[0045] Figure 3A A view is shown in the upward direction Z onto the surface 11 of the shaped body 6. Figure 3A , the top side 11 is formed as a full surface and in particular does not include interruptions. This allows a larger contact surface between the PV material 1 and the top side 11. In order to form the full-surface top side 11, the shaped body 6 is formed, for example, from a solid body 15 ( Figure 3E ). For example, the shaped body 6 with the continuous top side 11 is formed from a single material block, for example by milling, and the solid body 15 is formed in this way.

[0046] Figure 3B A view in the upward direction Z of a shaped body 6 according to another embodiment is shown. The shaped body 6 consists of a plurality of rods 11 . The rods are arranged adjacent to each other in the same direction. The rods 10 extend in the upward direction Z. The ends 17 of the rods 10 form the top side 11 of the shaped body 6 .

[0047] The top side 11 comprises gaps 16 between the rods 10. The top side 11 is therefore not formed as a full surface, but has interruptions formed by the gaps 16. The rods 10 are arranged such that a curved top side 11 is formed. In particular, for this purpose the rods 10 comprise different lengths in the upward direction Z. In particular, a good heat transfer is possible in the intermediate spaces and through the gaps 16, for example in order to achieve good cooling of the layer stack 12.

[0048] Figure 3C A sectional view or side view of the shaped body 6 is shown along a plane spanned by the longitudinal axis L and the upward direction Z. The curvature of the top side 11 along the upward direction Z can be seen in the view. The curvature comprises a radius R. For example, the radius comprises a value of 1.5 m to 13 m.

[0049] Figure 3D The plane spanned by the transverse axis B and the upward direction Z (particularly transverse to Figure 3C For example, the radius includes values ​​from 1m to 10m.

[0050] For example, Figure 3C and Figure 3DAs shown, the shaped body 6 is curved at the top side 11. The curvature comprises a radius R.

[0051] Therefore, the bending along the longitudinal axis L ( Figure 3C ) and the transverse axis B ( Figure 3D )constitute. Figure 3C and Figure 3D The two radii shown in can be the same. Figure 3C and Figure 3D The two radii shown in may also be different.

[0052] The shaped body 6 can be bent only along one of the longitudinal axis L and the transverse axis B, i.e. Figure 3C As shown or Figure 3D Along the other of the longitudinal axis L and the transverse axis B, the shaped body 6 is not curved but comprises a straight course of the top side 11 in the cross-sectional view.

[0053] Figure 3F Shown according to Figure 3B 6 . The rods 10 are arranged adjacent to one another along the longitudinal axis L and the transverse axis B. The ends 17 together form the top side 11 . The gaps 16 are arranged between the rods 10 .

[0054] Figure 3G A forming body 6 according to another embodiment is shown. The forming body 6 is formed by a plurality of planarly extending plates. The plates 14 each extend planarly along a longitudinal axis L and a transverse axis B. The plates 14 are stacked on top of each other in an upward direction Z. The plates 14 in particular comprise different planar extensions relative to each other. For example, in the upward direction Z, the plates 14 become smaller and smaller, so that a curved top side 11 is formed.

[0055] according to Figures 3A to 3G Combinations of configurations are also possible. For example, a portion of the shaped body 6 is formed by the shaped body 15, a portion is formed by the plate 14, and another portion is formed by the rod 10. It is also possible that only the solid body 15, only the plate 14 or only the rod 10 are present and are connected, for example, to the heating plate 5 or the cooling plate 5. In the solid body 15, the plate 14 and the rod 10, protrusions only along one of the longitudinal axis L and the transverse axis B or along both axes L, B are possible.

[0056] The extent of the curvature is predetermined in particular by the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the PV laminate 1 with the glass pane 13 and the planar heat sink 13. The more different the coefficients of thermal expansion are, the more pronounced the curvature of the top side 11 is. The curvature is designed to be just as great as the curvature that occurs due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion, but in the opposite direction of the upward direction Z. The extent of the curvature of the top side 11 therefore depends on the materials and / or alloys used for the layers of the layer stack 12, in particular the material of the planar heat sink 3 and the type of glass pane 13. Furthermore, the curvature of the top side 11 depends, for example, on the thickness of the layers of the layer stack 12. The curvature of the top side 11 may also depend on the type of planar heat sink 3, in particular on whether the planar heat sink 3 comprises two plates 3a, 3b ( Figure 4 ) or only includes a single plate 3b.

[0057] Figure 4 An embodiment of a photovoltaic thermal module 4 is shown.

[0058] according to Figure 4 The PVT module 4 comprises a front glass 13. On the side opposite to the front glass 13 there is a back wall film 105. A plurality of (e.g. crystalline) solar cells 102 are connected to each other by cell connectors 103 and are arranged between the front glass 13 and the back wall film 105. The PVT module 4 is mechanically supported, for example, by a support frame 107 made of aluminum.

[0059] The PVT module 4 comprises a planar heat sink 3, in particular made of aluminum. Such planar heat sinks 3 (also called cooling plates) are used, for example, in automotive engineering. The planar heat sink 3 comprises, for example, two thin aluminum sheets 3a, 3b. Furthermore, a connector is provided for connecting the two sheets 3a, 3b. A channel structure with a plurality of cooling channels 3c is stamped into one of the two plates 3a, 3b, for example by a stamping operation. Such a channel structure consists of a plurality of branches, for example, and is optimized to dissipate heat as effectively as possible and to allow the lowest possible pressure losses.

[0060] For example, an Al cooling plate 3 is bonded or laminated to the back wall film 105 via an adhesive layer 109 .

[0061] according to Figure 4 The planar heat sink 3 is based in particular on aluminum plates 3a, 3b, which for example comprise a thickness of approximately 1 mm. The inner diameter of the cooling channel 3c is for example 1 mm to 15 mm and can vary along the channel. The planar heat sink 3 can also be formed from glass plates. The planar heat sink 3 can also be formed from only a single plate 3b with cooling channels 3c, which is directly adjacent to the adhesive layer 109 or the back wall film 105.

[0062] For example, the planar heat sink 3 comprises exactly one inlet and one outlet, the inlet and the outlet being located at Figure 4Based on the inlet and the outlet, the cooling channel 3c is bifurcated so that the width of the cooling channel can decrease as the distance from the inlet and / or the outlet increases. For example, the branch is two-forked or three-forked.

[0063] For example, the PVT module 4 is constructed as described in patent application PCT / EP2022 / 072670. For example, the PVT module 4 is constructed as described in patent application DE 10 2022 123 915.2.

[0064] Photovoltaic modules, or PV modules for short, are already the mainstay of today's energy supply and will become even more important for a fossil-free and CO2-free energy supply in the future. Costs have fallen by around 90% over the past 10 years, making solar energy now the cheapest way to generate electricity worldwide. However, today's PV modules convert only around 20% of the solar energy they receive into electricity, with the rest lost as waste heat.

[0065] If this waste heat can be utilized, the overall efficiency of the PV module can be significantly increased. These modules are called photovoltaic thermal modules or PVT modules for short. In addition to electrical energy, these modules also generate heat, usually in the form of hot water.

[0066] The PVT module 4 described here is based on the following considerations: The materials used to manufacture the PVT module 4 have different physical properties. The front cover of the solar module is usually made of glass, in particular of a glass plate 13. The cooling plate or heat exchanger plate (also called a planar heat sink 3) is usually made of metal. These two materials have very different thermal expansion coefficients. However, these two materials are preferably joined at high temperatures by a lamination process. For example, at about 130°C-140°C by an EVA film (also called a laminating film 3).

[0067] During the subsequent cooling process, the different expansion coefficients can lead to bending of the layer stack 12 and / or the PVT module 4, since the aluminum shrinks more than the glass. This can lead to mechanical stresses, for example, and can make it impossible to frame the module 4, i.e. to install the support frame 107. Furthermore, it can also affect the long-term stability. Furthermore, the PVT module 4 can bend not only when cooling from the lamination temperature, but also when operating on a roof where the temperature can also vary between -20°C / -40°C and 80°C.

[0068] Furthermore, as described herein, the PVT module 4 exploits the idea that the PVT module 4 is as flat as possible at room temperature after lamination.

[0069] In one embodiment, after the lamination process, the module 4 is "overstretched" at high temperature in air or cold press. That is, a mechanical lens 6, 7 is used, which can also be called a forming body 6, 7, and the PVT module 4 is placed on this mechanical lens with the glass 13 facing downward. For example, as a male mold 6, the module 4 is placed on this male mold. The module 4 can also be placed in a female mold 7. This will have the additional advantage that any protruding connectors (also called connectors 8) can be integrated into the mold 7.

[0070] For example, the PVT module 4 is cooled in this form. The shape or curvature exactly compensates for the deflection that normally occurs in another direction of the PVT module 4, so that it is flat or almost flat at room temperature.

[0071] In another embodiment, during the lamination process, the PVT modules 4 are already placed in the corresponding moulds 6, 7, so that overstretching already occurs during the high temperature lamination, during which the materials are actually connected to each other. This is even more efficient.

[0072] Due to the lens shape of the mould 6, 7, this can also be called a mechanical lens.

[0073] The mechanical lenses 6, 7 can be made of metal or plastic, and can be full surface or only skeleton structure (cost saving). The mechanical lenses 6, 7 can also consist of only (metal) rods 10 of different heights or of metal plates 14 of different heights stacked on top of each other. The structure can be milled from a solid piece or assembled in another way.

[0074] It is also important to ensure that the temperature is transferred from the heating plate 5 to the structure 12 to be laminated and that this transfer is not interrupted.

[0075] Furthermore, the structure may comprise a lens shape in a single direction L, B, but preferably comprises a lens shape in both directions L, B, so that the PVT module is flat in all directions at the end.

[0076] The PVT modules 4 described herein can be used for all types of solar cells 102, such as crystalline modules or bifacial crystalline modules or thin film modules. In addition, the following application areas of the modules 4 are particularly considered: rooftops, industry, open spaces, low-temperature heating networks, floating installations (also called floating PV), large open space solar parks, especially in hot regions such as the United States, India, Spain, Arabia, Australia, Chile, etc.

[0077] The formed bodies 6, 7 described herein can improve the reliability and quality of PVT modules by using double joint connections of adhesive bonding / lamination and clamping. The production process can be significantly simplified. A significant reduction in the use of expensive materials, lower costs and higher economic benefits can be achieved.

[0078] The invention described herein is not limited to the description based on the exemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the invention includes any novel feature and any combination of features, in particular the features and combination of features contained in the claims, even if these features or combinations are not explicitly pointed out in the claims or exemplary embodiments.

[0079] List of reference numerals:

[0080] 1 PV Laminate

[0081] 2 Laminated film

[0082] 3 Plane Radiator

[0083] 4 Photovoltaic thermal module (PVT module)

[0084] 5 Heating or cooling plate

[0085] 6 Formed body, convex

[0086] 7 Forming, concave

[0087] 8 Connectors

[0088] 9 recess

[0089] 10 shots

[0090] 11 Top side

[0091] 12-layer stack

[0092] 13 Glass Plate

[0093] 14 Plate

[0094] 15 Solid

[0095] 16 Gap

[0096] 17 end

[0097] 102 Solar Cell

[0098] 103 Battery connector

[0099] 105 Posterior wall membrane

[0100] 107 Support frame

[0101] 109 Adhesive layer

[0102] 3 Plane Radiator

[0103] 3a The first panel, facing the solar cell

[0104] 3b Second panel, facing away from the solar cell

[0105] 3c Cooling channel

[0106] R Radius

[0107] L Longitudinal axis

[0108] B Horizontal axis

[0109] Z Up Direction

Claims

1. A shaped body (6, 7) for producing a photovoltaic module, in particular a photovoltaic thermal module (4), the shaped body comprising: A top side (11) which is curved concavely or convexly in an upward direction (Z) for bending a layer stack (12) having at least two layers (1, 2, 3) for the photovoltaic module (4).

2. A shaped body according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of flat extending plates (14) stacked on top of each other in the upward direction (Z), wherein: The upward direction (Z) is oriented transversely to the planar extension.

3. A shaped body according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of rods (10) elongated in the upward direction (Z), wherein the rods are arranged adjacent to each other transversely to the upward direction.

4. The formed body according to claim 1, wherein The shaped bodies (6, 7) are formed from solid bodies (15).

5. The shaped body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The top side (11) is designed as a full surface.

6. The shaped body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The top side (11) comprises a gap (16).

7. The shaped body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The top side (11) is bent only along a longitudinal axis (L), wherein the longitudinal axis (L) extends transversely to the upward direction (Z).

8. The shaped body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The top side (11) is curved along a longitudinal axis (L) and along a transverse axis (B), wherein the longitudinal axis (L) and the transverse axis (B) each extend transversely to the upward direction (Z).

9. The shaped body according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The shaped body (6, 7) has a thermal conductivity of at least 30 W / (m·K).

10. The shaped body according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: The shaped bodies (6, 7) are formed from plastic and / or metal. 11 . The shaped body according to claim 1 , comprising a recess ( 9 ) for a connector ( 8 ) of the photovoltaic module.

12. The shaped body according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: The top side (11) is curved according to the thermal expansion coefficients of at least two of the layers (1, 2, 3) of the layer stack (12).

13. A method for producing a layer stack (12) for a photovoltaic module, in particular for a photovoltaic thermal module (4), - providing said layer stack (12), - stacking the layer stack (12) on a shaped body (6, 7) according to one of claims 1 to 12, so that the layer stack (12) abuts against the shaped body (6, 7), so that - bending the layer stack (12) using the shaped body (6, 7), - releasing the layer stack (12) from the shaped body (6, 7).

14. The method according to claim 13, comprising: - heating the layer stack (12) when the layer stack (12) is in contact with the shaped body (6, 7) during lamination of at least a portion of the layer stack (12).

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, comprising: - reducing the temperature of the layer stack (12) while the layer stack (12) is in contact with the shaped body (6, 7).

16. The method according to one of claims 13 to 15, wherein providing the layer stack (12) comprises: - providing a layer stack (12) comprising at least one metallic planar heat sink (3) and a glass plate (13).

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