Device and method for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica by using nano ultrafiltration membrane

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and an extraction method for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica with a nano-ultrafiltration membrane, and belongs to the technical field of extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica. The device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica with a nano-ultrafiltration membrane comprises a crushing and screening component, a fine crushing component and a dissolving component, wherein the crushing and screening component comprises a coarse crushing device, wherein the coarse crushing device coarsely crushes Sophora japonica, and a screening device is installed at the bottom of the coarse crushing device. The invention uses the peel and endosperm of Sophora japonica as raw materials, greatly reducing the impurities that need to be separated when extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica, and at the same time, the raw materials are completely crushed by fine crushing, and the microparticles of the raw materials are contacted with water vapor particles in a molecular collision mode, so that the flavonoids in the raw materials are quickly and completely integrated into the water vapor, greatly improving the extraction rate of the flavonoids in the raw materials, thereby improving the extraction efficiency and extraction effect of the nano-ultrafiltration membrane on the flavonoids from Sophora japonica.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica, and particularly relates to a device and a method for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica by using a nano ultrafiltration membrane. Background Art

[0002] Sophora pods are the dried mature fruits of the leguminous plant Sophora japonica, also known as Sophora japonica seeds, Sophora japonica seeds, Tiandou, Sophora pods, etc. They are commonly used Chinese medicinal materials in my country. They were first recorded in Shennong's Herbal Classic and listed as top-grade products. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, a variety of chemical components in Sophora japonica have been separated and identified, among which flavonoids and isoflavone compounds are the main ones, which is of great significance and value for studying the pharmacological effects of Sophora japonica and the corresponding active ingredients.

[0003] The traditional extraction process of flavonoids from Sophora japonica is to heat Sophora japonica with ethanol for extraction, then recover the ethanol, filter and remove impurities, and finally extract Sophora japonica brass and isoflavones through a nano-ultrafiltration membrane. While extracting Sophora japonica brass and isoflavones, some water-insoluble invalid or even harmful components are also extracted. The new process for extracting Sophora japonica brass invented by the inventor extracts Sophora japonica flavonoids in a water-soluble manner.

[0004] The first step in the extraction process of Sophora japonica brass is to crush the dried Sophora japonica horn. The existing process has the following problems when crushing Sophora japonica horn: the structure of Sophora japonica horn is peel, seed and endosperm. Since Sophora japonica flavonoids are mainly present in the peel and endosperm, when crushing Sophora japonica horn, the peel, seed and endosperm are crushed together. The brass content of Sophora japonica horn extracted from the fruit is low, which increases the burden of impurity filtration and affects the extraction efficiency of Sophora japonica flavonoids by nano ultrafiltration membrane; at the same time, the crushing equipment does not crush the Sophora japonica horn thoroughly enough, resulting in a long dissolution cycle, and the extraction rate of Sophora japonica flavonoids in Sophora japonica horn is low, which makes the extraction efficiency and extraction effect of Sophora japonica flavonoids by nano ultrafiltration membrane low.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano ultrafiltration membrane, which can solve the problem in the prior art that the peel and seeds cannot be separated when the Sophora japonica is crushed, affecting the extraction efficiency, and the problem that the dissolution cycle is long due to incomplete crushing.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, a technical solution provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A device for extracting flavonoids from spatholobi using a nano ultrafiltration membrane, comprising:

[0009] The crushing and screening component comprises a coarse crushing device, which coarsely crushes the locust horns to separate the pericarp, seeds and endosperm in the locust horns. A screening device is installed at the bottom of the coarse crushing device, and the crushed locust horns are transported to the screening device, and the pericarp and endosperm are separated from the seeds by gravity sorting in the screening device.

[0010] The fine crushing assembly includes a crushing chamber shell, in which a screen is installed, and the crushing chamber shell is divided into a crushing chamber at the bottom and an upper discharge chamber by the screen. The bottom of the crushing chamber shell is rotatably connected to a rotating seat, and a plurality of crushing knives are installed on the rotating seat. The crushing knives are driven to rotate by the rotation of the rotating seat. When the crushing knives rotate, the peels entering the crushing chamber shell can be finely crushed so as to crush the peels into micro particles. A plurality of gas supply branches are installed in a through manner on the bottom wall plate of the crushing chamber shell, and a nozzle is installed at one end of the plurality of gas supply branches placed in the crushing chamber shell. The nozzle is arranged below the crushing knife, and high-pressure gas can be delivered to the crushing chamber shell through the nozzle to assist in crushing the materials entering the crushing chamber shell. At the same time, the gas ejected from the nozzle can also cool and clean the crushing knives so as to improve the crushing effect of the nozzle on the materials.

[0011] The dissolving component includes a dissolving chamber shell, a raw material injection device is installed on the inner side of the top wall plate of the dissolving chamber shell, the raw material injection device is connected to the crushing chamber shell, and a spray mesh is installed at the bottom of the raw material injection device. The crushed and screened materials in the crushing chamber shell are separated through the spray mesh and then transported to the dissolving chamber shell, so that the microparticles in the materials sprayed through the dissolving chamber shell are separated. A water vapor injection device is installed on the inner side of the bottom wall plate of the dissolving chamber shell, and an atomizing injection hole is installed on the top of the water vapor injection device. The water vapor injection device atomizes high-temperature and high-pressure hot steam through the atomizing injection hole and then sprays it. The hot steam sprayed from the atomizing injection hole can collide with the microparticles sprayed from the injection mesh, so that the crushed peel and endosperm of Sophora japonica pods are dissolved with the water vapor by collision, so that the microparticles are completely integrated into the water, which greatly shortens the time for material dissolution.

[0012] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a feed pipe is installed on the top wall plate of the screening device, and one end of the feed pipe away from the screening device is installed on the feed port on the bottom side wall of the crushing chamber shell. The peel and endosperm separated by gravity sorting in the screening device are transported to the crushing chamber shell through the feed pipe for crushing. At the same time, the feed pipe transports the material to the bottom of the crushing chamber shell, so that the material can fully contact with the crushing knife when it enters the crushing chamber shell, so as to crush the material. A first sealing cover is installed on the top of the crushing chamber shell, which facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the components in the crushing chamber shell. At the same time, the first sealing cover has good sealing performance with the crushing chamber shell after installation. In order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the first sealing cover, the first sealing cover and the crushing chamber shell are fixed by bolts. A rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom wall plate of the crushing chamber shell in a penetrating manner. The upper end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating seat. A high-speed motor is installed at the lower end of the rotating shaft. The rotation of the high-speed motor can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating shaft drives the rotating seat to rotate, in order to improve the crushing effect of the crushing knife on the material.

[0013] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of crushing knives are arranged in multiple layers, and the crushing knives in different layers are arranged in an interlaced manner, so that the crushing knives have a good crushing effect on the materials in the crushing chamber shell, and the crushing knives are made of high-carbon steel, so that the crushing knives are sharp and have good wear resistance. The plurality of nozzles are arranged in an inclined manner toward the crushing knives, and the nozzles are arranged vertically to the crushing knives in the lower layer, so that the gas ejected from the nozzles has a better effect on the crushing knives, so that the crushing knives can be cleaned and cooled while assisting in material crushing.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a gas pipe is installed at one end of the gas branch pipe placed outside the crushing chamber shell, and the gas pipe is used to transport high-pressure gas to the gas branch pipe. A nozzle is installed at one end of the gas pipe, so that the gas pipe can transport high-pressure gas to the nozzle. The nozzle passes through the side wall of the crushing chamber shell in sequence at one end of the nozzle away from the gas pipe and is vertically arranged in the crushing chamber shell, and the vertical section of the nozzle placed in the crushing chamber shell is arranged above the center position of the rotating seat, and a plurality of injection holes are opened on the side wall of the vertical section of the nozzle placed in the crushing chamber shell, so that the high-pressure gas in the nozzle can be sprayed into the crushing chamber shell through the plurality of injection holes. The plurality of injection holes are arranged in a downwardly inclined manner, so that the injection holes spray the high-pressure gas in an inclined downward manner. And the injection holes are arranged vertically between the upper crushing knife, so that the injection holes spray the gas onto the surface of the upper crushing knife. A high-pressure air pump is installed at the front end of the gas pipe, and the high-pressure gas is provided by the high-pressure air pump.

[0015] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the raw material injection device is sequentially installed with a first crushing net and a second crushing net from top to bottom, and the aperture of the first crushing net mesh is larger than the aperture of the second crushing net mesh. When the microparticles screened by the screen enter the raw material injection device, the microparticles need to pass through the first crushing net and the second crushing net in sequence, and the microparticles are crushed and separated by the first crushing net and the second crushing net to prevent the microparticles from adhering together. The aperture of the injection mesh is set to 200-300 meshes, so that the particles are completely separated and injected into the dissolution chamber shell through the injection mesh. The aperture of the atomizing injection hole is set to 0.1-0.2 mm, so that the atomizing injection hole atomizes the water vapor into extremely small particles.

[0016] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of fan-shaped impellers are rotatably connected between the raw material injection device and the water vapor injection device, a fixing rod is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the dissolution chamber shell, a mounting portion is provided at one end of the fixing rod away from the dissolution chamber shell, a bearing is installed on the mounting portion, and one end of the plurality of fan-shaped impellers is fixedly connected to the outer ring side wall of the bearing at equal intervals. The rotation of the fixing rod can make the plurality of fan-shaped impellers stable when rotating in the dissolution chamber shell.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a second sealing cover is installed on the top of the dissolution chamber shell, and the second sealing cover facilitates the maintenance of the components in the dissolution chamber shell. A sealing gasket is arranged between the second sealing cover and the dissolution chamber shell to ensure the seal between the second sealing cover and the dissolution chamber shell after installation, and at the same time, the second sealing cover and the dissolution chamber shell can be fixed with a fixing member that is easy to disassemble and assemble. A feed pipe is fixedly connected to the second sealing cover in a through manner, and the lower end of the feed pipe is fixedly connected to the raw material injection device. A mixing pipe is installed on the first sealing cover, and the end of the mixing pipe away from the first sealing cover is installed at the upper end of the feed pipe, so that the microparticles screened by the screen are driven by air pressure to be transported to the mixing pipe, and then transported to the feed pipe through the mixing pipe, and can be transported to the raw material injection device for processing through the feed pipe.

[0018] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an air outlet is provided on the second sealing cover, and a water filter is installed on the inner side wall of the air outlet on the second sealing cover. Since there is gas containing heat in the dissolution chamber shell, in order to make rational use of the heat, the water is processed by the water filter so that the gas in the dissolution chamber shell carries the heat and is output in a dry manner. A hot gas delivery pipe is installed on the outer side wall of the air outlet on the second sealing cover, and a third flow regulating valve is installed on the hot gas delivery pipe. The end of the hot gas delivery pipe away from the second sealing cover is installed on the air inlet of the screening device. The gas output from the dissolution chamber shell is transported to the screening device through the hot gas delivery pipe, so that the high-temperature dry gas can be used to dry the separated materials entering the screening device while assisting the gravity sorting of the materials, thereby realizing the utilization of resources. At the same time, a third flow regulating valve is provided on the hot gas delivery pipe to adjust the pressure of the output high-temperature gas.

[0019] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a water vapor delivery pipe is installed in a through manner on the bottom wall plate of the dissolution chamber shell, one end of the water vapor delivery pipe placed in the dissolution chamber shell is fixedly connected to the bottom of the water vapor injection device, and the part of the water vapor delivery pipe placed outside the dissolution chamber shell is installed with a first flow regulating valve, the water vapor delivery pipe is used to transport high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, and the high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor is transported to the water vapor injection device through the water vapor delivery pipe, and the first flow regulating valve is arranged to facilitate the adjustment of the pressure and delivery amount of the transported water vapor. A discharge pipe is installed on the outer wall of the bottom wall plate of the dissolution chamber shell, and a second flow regulating valve is installed on the discharge pipe. The mixed liquid after the water vapor and microparticles are dissolved in the dissolution chamber shell can be transported to the nano ultrafiltration membrane device through the discharge pipe for extraction of flavonoids from Sophora japonica. At the same time, since the mixed liquid transported through the discharge pipe has pressure, there is no need to set up an additional power device to transport the transport liquid.

[0020] An extraction method for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane, characterized in that the extraction method comprises:

[0021] S1, coarsely crushing the dried Sophora japonica pods by a coarse crushing device to separate the pericarp, seeds and endosperm of the Sophora japonica pods, and the crushed mixed material enters a screening device, and the pericarp and endosperm are separated from the seeds by the screening device;

[0022] S2, the separated peel and endosperm enter the crushing chamber shell and are finely crushed by the high-speed rotating crushing knife, and the peel is thoroughly crushed by the high-pressure gas transported to the crushing chamber shell. After crushing, the micro particles are screened through the screen and then transported to the dissolution chamber shell through the mixing pipe;

[0023] S3, transporting the microparticles to the raw material injection device through the mixing pipe, breaking and separating through the injection mesh, and then spraying downward, atomizing the high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor through the atomization injection hole and then spraying upward, so that the microparticles and water vapor particles collide and contact at the molecular level in the dissolution chamber shell, so that the cell walls in the peel and endosperm are broken, so that the flavonoids of Sophora japonica are completely integrated into the water vapor;

[0024] S4, the mixed liquid dissolved in the dissolution chamber shell is transported to the nano ultrafiltration membrane device through a discharge pipe to extract the flavonoids from Sophora japonica.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. The present invention is provided with a crushing and screening component, which crushes the horn of Sophora japonica by a coarse crushing device, separates the peel, seeds and endosperm of the horn of Sophora japonica, and then performs separation treatment in a screening device to separate the seeds with low flavonoid content, so that the peel and endosperm are used as raw materials for extracting flavonoids from the horn of Sophora japonica;

[0027] 2. The present invention is provided with a fine crushing component, into which the peel and endosperm are transported, and the peel and endosperm are crushed into micro particles with extremely small particle sizes, so that the cell walls in the peel and endosperm are exposed to the outside, so that the flavonoids in the peel and endosperm are easy to dissolve;

[0028] 3. The present invention is provided with a dissolving component, which sprays the crushed microparticles downward in a completely separated state through the spray mesh, and simultaneously sprays high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor upward in the form of extremely small atomized particles through the atomization spray hole, so that molecular-level collisions occur between the water vapor particles and the microparticles, and the cell walls of the peel and endosperm are completely broken, so that the flavonoids in the peel and endosperm are completely integrated into the water vapor;

[0029] 4. The present invention uses the peel and endosperm of Sophora japonica as raw materials, which greatly reduces the impurities that need to be separated when extracting Sophora japonica flavonoids. At the same time, the raw materials are completely crushed through fine crushing, and the microparticles of the raw materials are contacted with water vapor particles in a molecular level collision manner, so that the Sophora japonica flavonoids in the raw materials are quickly and completely integrated into the water vapor, greatly improving the extraction rate of Sophora japonica flavonoids in the raw materials, thereby improving the extraction efficiency and extraction effect of the nano ultrafiltration membrane on Sophora japonica flavonoids. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of a device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the fine crushing component of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the use status of the fine crushing component in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the dissolving component in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a usage status diagram of the dissolving component in the present invention.

[0038] Description of main reference numerals:

[0039] 1-crushing and screening assembly, 11-coarse crushing device, 12-screening device, 13-feeding pipe, 2-fine crushing assembly, 21-crushing chamber shell, 22-screen, 23-rotating seat, 24-crushing knife, 25-rotating shaft, 26-high-speed motor, 27-gas branch pipe, 28-nozzle, 29-nozzle, 210-injection hole, 211-gas pipe, 212-high-pressure air pump, 213-first sealing cover, 214-fixing bolt, 215-mixing pipe, 3-dissolving assembly, 31-dissolving chamber shell, 32-raw materials Injection device, 33-injection mesh, 34-first crushing net, 35-second crushing net, 36-feeding pipe, 37-water vapor injection device, 38-atomizing injection hole, 39-water vapor delivery pipe, 310-first flow regulating valve, 311-fixing rod, 312-installing part, 313-bearing, 314-fan-shaped impeller, 315-second sealing cover, 316-sealing gasket, 317-water filtering device, 318-discharge pipe, 319-second flow regulating valve, 320-hot gas delivery pipe, 321-third flow regulating valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1 to Figure 3 As shown, a device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane in one embodiment of the present invention comprises a crushing and screening component 1, a fine crushing component 2 and a dissolving component 3.

[0042] like Figure 1 to Figure 3 As shown, the crushing and screening assembly 1 includes a coarse crushing device 11, which coarsely crushes the locust horns to separate the pericarp, seeds and endosperm in the locust horns. A screening device 12 is installed at the bottom of the coarse crushing device 11, and the crushed locust horns are conveyed to the screening device 12, and the pericarp and endosperm are separated from the seeds by gravity sorting in the screening device 12.

[0043] like Figure 1 to Figure 5 As shown, the fine crushing assembly 2 includes a crushing chamber shell 21, and a screen 22 is installed in the crushing chamber shell 21. The crushing chamber shell 21 is divided into a bottom crushing chamber and an upper discharge chamber by the screen 22. The bottom of the crushing chamber shell 21 is rotatably connected to a rotating seat 23, and a plurality of crushing knives 24 are installed on the rotating seat 23. The crushing knives 24 are driven to rotate by the rotation of the rotating seat 23. When the crushing knives 24 rotate, the peels entering the crushing chamber shell 21 can be finely crushed so as to crush the peels into micro particles. A plurality of gas delivery branches 27 are installed in a through manner on the bottom wall plate of the crushing chamber shell 21. A nozzle 28 is installed at one end of the plurality of gas delivery branches 27 placed in the crushing chamber shell 21. The nozzle 28 is arranged below the crushing knife 24. High-pressure gas can be delivered to the crushing chamber shell 21 through the nozzle 28 to assist in crushing the materials entering the crushing chamber shell 21. At the same time, the gas ejected by the nozzle 28 can also cool and clean the crushing knives 24, so as to improve the crushing effect of the nozzle 28 on the materials.

[0044] like Figure 1 to Figure 4As shown, a feed pipe 13 is installed on the top wall plate of the screening device 12, and one end of the feed pipe 13 away from the screening device 12 is installed on the feed port on the bottom side wall of the crushing chamber shell 21. The peel and endosperm separated by gravity sorting in the screening device 12 are transported to the crushing chamber shell 21 through the feed pipe 13 for crushing. At the same time, the feed pipe 13 transports the material to the bottom of the crushing chamber shell 21, so that the material can fully contact with the crushing knife 24 after entering the crushing chamber shell 21, so as to crush the material. A first sealing cover 213 is installed on the top of the crushing chamber shell 21. The first sealing cover 213 facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the components in the crushing chamber shell 21. At the same time, the first sealing cover 213 has good sealing performance with the crushing chamber shell 21 after installation. In order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the first sealing cover 213, the first sealing cover 213 and the crushing chamber shell 21 are fixed by fixing bolts 214. A rotating shaft 25 is rotatably connected to the bottom wall plate of the crushing chamber shell 21 in a penetrating manner. The upper end of the rotating shaft 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating seat 23. A high-speed motor 26 is installed at the lower end of the rotating shaft 25. The rotation of the high-speed motor 26 can drive the rotating shaft 25 to rotate, and the rotation of the rotating shaft 25 drives the rotating seat 23 to rotate, in order to improve the crushing effect of the crushing knife 24 on the material.

[0045] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, multiple crushing knives 24 are arranged in multiple layers, and the crushing knives 24 of different layers are arranged in an interlaced manner, so that the crushing knives 24 have a good crushing effect on the materials in the crushing chamber shell 21. At the same time, the crushing knives 24 are made of high-carbon steel, so that the crushing knives 24 are sharp and have good wear resistance. Multiple nozzles 28 are arranged in an inclined manner toward the crushing knives 24, and the nozzles 28 are arranged vertically to the lower layer of crushing knives 24, so that the gas ejected by the nozzles 28 has a better effect on the crushing knives 24, so that it can assist in crushing the materials while having a good cleaning and cooling effect on the crushing knives 24.

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, a gas delivery pipe 211 is installed at one end of the gas delivery branch pipe 27 placed outside the crushing chamber shell 21, and the gas delivery pipe 211 is used to deliver high-pressure gas to the gas delivery branch pipe 27. A nozzle 29 is installed at one end of the gas delivery pipe 211, so that the gas delivery pipe 211 can deliver high-pressure gas to the nozzle 29. The end of the nozzle 29 away from the gas delivery pipe 211 passes through the side wall of the crushing chamber shell 21 in sequence and is arranged in a vertical manner in the crushing chamber shell 21, and the vertical section of the nozzle 29 placed in the crushing chamber shell 21 is arranged above the center position of the rotating seat 23, and a plurality of injection holes 210 are opened on the side wall of the vertical section of the nozzle 29 placed in the crushing chamber shell 21, so that the high-pressure gas in the nozzle 29 can be sprayed into the crushing chamber shell 21 through the plurality of injection holes 210. The plurality of injection holes 210 are all arranged in a downwardly inclined manner, so that the injection holes 210 spray the high-pressure gas in an inclined downward manner. The injection hole 210 is vertically arranged with respect to the upper crushing blade 24, so that the injection hole 210 sprays gas onto the surface of the upper crushing blade 24. A high-pressure air pump 212 is installed at the front end of the gas delivery pipe 211, and the high-pressure air pump 212 provides high-pressure gas.

[0047] Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, when the peel and endosperm separated by the screening device 12 are transported to the bottom of the crushing chamber shell 21 through the feeding pipe 13, the peel and endosperm entering the crushing chamber shell 21 will be sucked in under the negative pressure generated by the high-speed rotation of the crushing knife 24, so as to be quickly crushed by the rotation of the crushing knife 24. At the same time, the high-pressure gas ejected through the nozzle 28 will exert an upward pressure on the material, and the gas ejected through the injection hole 210 will press the material downward. When the material is extremely small, the material will be separated from the screen 22 and screened out. When the particle size of the crushed particles is smaller than the aperture of the filter screen of the screen 22, the microparticles can pass through the screen 22 and enter the upper part of the screen 22. The auxiliary effect of the high-pressure gas ejected by the injection hole 210 and the nozzle 28 can achieve efficient and thorough crushing of the material, and improve the crushing efficiency of the peel and endosperm. At the same time, under the high-speed crushing of the crushing knife 24 and the assistance of the high-pressure gas, the cell walls of the peel and endosperm can be exposed to the outside, and the cell walls can be broken.

[0048] Preferably, in order to ensure that the material can move upward when the peel and endosperm are crushed into microparticles, a pressure regulating valve is installed at the front end of the nozzle 29 to adjust the pressure of the gas sprayed from the injection hole 210 so that the crushed microparticles can move upward under the action of the nozzle 28. At the same time, the aperture of the screen 22 is set to 200-300 meshes so that the particle size of the microparticles after screening is extremely small.

[0049] like Figure 1 to Figure 3As shown, the dissolving assembly 3 includes a dissolving chamber shell 31, and a raw material injection device 32 is installed on the inner side of the top wall plate of the dissolving chamber shell 31. The raw material injection device 32 is connected to the crushing chamber shell 21, and a spray mesh 33 is installed at the bottom of the raw material injection device 32. The crushed and screened materials in the crushing chamber shell 21 are separated and transported to the dissolving chamber shell 31 through the spray mesh 33, so that the micro particles in the materials sprayed through the dissolving chamber shell 31 are separated. A water vapor injection device 37 is installed on the inner side of the bottom wall plate of the dissolving chamber shell 31, and an atomizing injection hole 38 is installed on the top of the water vapor injection device 37. The water vapor injection device 37 sprays high-temperature and high-pressure hot steam through the atomizing injection hole 38 after atomization. The hot steam sprayed from the atomizing injection hole 38 can collide with the micro particles sprayed from the injection mesh 33, so that the crushed peel and endosperm in the Sophora japonica pod are dissolved with the water vapor by collision, so that the Sophora japonica flavonoids in the micro particles are completely integrated into the water, which greatly shortens the time for material dissolution.

[0050] like Figure 6 As shown, the first crushing net 34 and the second crushing net 35 are sequentially installed in the raw material injection device 32 from top to bottom. The aperture of the mesh of the first crushing net 34 is larger than the aperture of the mesh of the second crushing net 35. When the microparticles screened by the screen 22 enter the raw material injection device 32, the microparticles need to pass through the first crushing net 34 and the second crushing net 35 in sequence, and the microparticles are crushed and separated by the first crushing net 34 and the second crushing net 35 to prevent the microparticles from adhering together. The aperture of the injection mesh 33 is set to 200-300 meshes, so that the particles are completely separated and injected into the dissolution chamber shell 31 through the injection mesh 33. The aperture of the atomization injection hole 38 is set to 0.1-0.2 mm, so that the atomization injection hole 38 atomizes the water vapor into extremely small particles.

[0051] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of fan-shaped impellers 314 are rotatably connected between the raw material injection device 32 and the water vapor injection device 37, a fixing rod 311 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the dissolution chamber housing 31, a mounting portion 312 is provided at one end of the fixing rod 311 away from the dissolution chamber housing 31, a bearing 313 is mounted on the mounting portion 312, and one end of the plurality of fan-shaped impellers 314 is fixedly connected to the outer ring side wall of the bearing 313 at equal intervals. The rotation of the fixing rod 311 can make the plurality of fan-shaped impellers 314 stable when rotating in the dissolution chamber housing 31.

[0052] Specifically, Figure 7As shown in the figure, the microparticles of the peel and endosperm screened by the screen 22 are crushed and separated again in the raw material injection device 32, and the microparticles are sprayed downward through the injection mesh 33, and at the same time, the high-pressure water vapor is atomized into extremely small particles through the atomization injection hole 38 and sprayed upward at a high speed. Since the fan-shaped impeller 314 is arranged above the atomization injection hole 38, the high-pressure water vapor sprayed from the atomization injection hole 38 contacts the surface of the fan-shaped impeller 314, and under the impact force of the water vapor, the fan-shaped impeller 314 can be 14 rotates, and when the fan-shaped impeller 314 rotates, the solid microparticles moving downward and the high-speed water vapor particles moving upward collide and contact, so that the solid microparticles and the water vapor particles collide at the molecular level on the fan-shaped impeller 314, thereby rupturing the cell walls in the pericarp and endosperm of the Sophora japonica horn, and then the Sophora japonica horn flavonoids and isoflavones in the pericarp and endosperm are completely integrated into the aqueous solution, which greatly improves the extraction efficiency and effect of flavonoids and isoflavones in the Sophora japonica horn, and makes the extraction rate of Sophora japonica horn flavonoids extremely high.

[0053] Preferably, by providing a fan-shaped impeller 314, water vapor particles and microparticles collide at the molecular level, and the injection mesh 33 can be ensured to transport the microparticles down, ensuring that the microparticles at the top and the water vapor at the bottom can enter normally.

[0054] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, a second sealing cover 315 is installed on the top of the dissolving chamber housing 31, and the second sealing cover 315 makes it easy to maintain the components in the dissolving chamber housing 31. A sealing gasket 316 is arranged between the second sealing cover 315 and the dissolving chamber housing 31 to ensure the seal between the second sealing cover 315 and the dissolving chamber housing 31 after installation, and at the same time, the second sealing cover 315 and the dissolving chamber housing 31 can be fixed by a fixing member that is easy to disassemble and assemble. A feed pipe 36 is fixedly connected to the second sealing cover 315 in a penetrating manner, and the lower end of the feed pipe 36 is fixedly connected to the raw material injection device 32. A mixing pipe 215 is installed on the first sealing cover 213, and one end of the mixing pipe 215 away from the first sealing cover 213 is installed at the upper end of the feeding pipe 36, so that the microparticles screened by the screen 22 are driven by air pressure to be transported to the mixing pipe 215, and then transported to the feeding pipe 36 through the mixing pipe 215, and can be transported to the raw material injection device 32 for processing through the feeding pipe 36.

[0055] like Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, the second sealing cover 315 is provided with an air outlet, and a water filter 317 is installed on the inner side wall of the air outlet on the second sealing cover 315. Since there is gas containing heat in the dissolution chamber shell 31, in order to reasonably utilize the heat, the water is processed by the water filter 317 so that the gas in the dissolution chamber shell 31 can carry heat and be output in a dry manner. A hot gas delivery pipe 320 is installed on the outer side wall of the air outlet on the second sealing cover 315, and a third flow regulating valve 321 is installed on the hot gas delivery pipe 320. The end of the hot gas delivery pipe 320 away from the second sealing cover 315 is installed on the air inlet of the screening device 12. The gas output from the dissolution chamber shell 31 is transported to the screening device 12 through the hot gas delivery pipe 320, so that the high-temperature dry gas can be used to dry the separated materials entering the screening device 12, while assisting the materials in gravity sorting, so that resources can be utilized. At the same time, a third flow regulating valve 321 is provided on the hot gas delivery pipe 320 for adjusting the pressure of the output high-temperature gas.

[0056] Optionally, in order to dry the gas transported by the hot gas transport pipe 320 , the water filter device 317 is installed on the outer side wall of the second sealing cover 315 to facilitate replacement of the drying components in the water filter device 317 .

[0057] like Figure 1 to Figure 3 as well as Figure 7 As shown, a water vapor delivery pipe 39 is installed in a through manner on the bottom wall plate of the dissolution chamber shell 31. One end of the water vapor delivery pipe 39 placed in the dissolution chamber shell 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the water vapor injection device 37. The part of the water vapor delivery pipe 39 placed outside the dissolution chamber shell 31 is installed with a first flow regulating valve 310. The water vapor delivery pipe 39 is used to transport high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor. The high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor is transported to the water vapor injection device 37 through the water vapor delivery pipe 39. At the same time, the first flow regulating valve 310 is arranged to facilitate the adjustment of the pressure and delivery amount of the transported water vapor. A discharge pipe 318 is installed on the outer wall of the bottom wall plate of the dissolution chamber shell 31. The discharge pipe 318 is installed with a second flow regulating valve 319. The mixed liquid after the water vapor and microparticles are dissolved in the dissolution chamber shell 31 can be transported to the nano ultrafiltration membrane device through the discharge pipe 318 for extraction of flavonoids from Sophora japonica. At the same time, since the mixed liquid transported through the discharge pipe 318 has pressure, there is no need to set up an additional power device to transport the transport liquid.

[0058] When the device is in use, the crushed micro-particles will move quickly driven by the airflow when flowing in the screen 22 and the injection device 32, so the relevant components are made of wear-resistant materials to avoid the wear of the components affecting the use effect of the device.

[0059] At the same time, when the device is in use, a heat preservation layer can be arranged on the outside of the device to reduce heat waste. At the same time, both the crushing chamber shell 21 and the dissolving chamber shell 31 are provided with a safety air release device to ensure safety in high-pressure environments.

[0060] Specifically, in order to facilitate the intelligent operation of the device, it is equipped with necessary sensors and electrical components. The automatic or semi-automatic control of the present invention can be achieved through a single-chip microcomputer or other control equipment in conjunction with the necessary sensors and electrical components. This is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0061] An extraction method of a device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane, characterized in that the extraction method comprises:

[0062] S1, coarsely crushing the dried Sophora japonica pods by a coarse crushing device 11 to separate the pericarp, seeds and endosperm of the Sophora japonica pods, and the crushed mixed material enters a screening device 12, and the pericarp and endosperm are separated from the seeds by the screening device 12;

[0063] S2, the separated peel and endosperm enter the crushing chamber shell 21 and are finely crushed by the high-speed rotating crushing knife 24, and the peel is completely crushed with the assistance of high-pressure gas transported to the crushing chamber shell 21. After crushing, the micro particles are screened by the screen 22 and then transported to the dissolution chamber shell 31 through the mixing pipe 215;

[0064] S3, the microparticles are transported to the raw material injection device 32 through the mixing material pipe 215, broken and separated through the injection mesh 33, and then sprayed downward, and the high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor is atomized through the atomization injection hole 38 and then sprayed upward, so that the microparticles and water vapor particles collide and contact at the molecular level in the dissolution chamber shell 31, so that the cell walls in the peel and endosperm are broken, so that the flavonoids of Sophora japonica are completely integrated into the water vapor;

[0065] S4. The mixed liquid dissolved in the dissolution chamber shell 31 is transported to the nano-ultrafiltration membrane device through the discharge pipe 318 to extract the flavonoids from Sophora japonica.

[0066] Specifically, in step S2, the crushing knife 24 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the high-speed motor 26, and the rotation speed of the high-speed motor 26 is 3500-4500 rpm; the high-pressure gas in the crushing chamber shell 21 is transported by the high-pressure air pump 212, and the output pressure of the high-pressure air pump 212 is 8-10Mpa, so that the crushing knife 24 crushes the peel and endosperm by high-speed rotation and assists the crushing by high-pressure gas, so that the cell walls of the peel and endosperm can be broken to a certain extent.

[0067] In step S3, high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor is transported through the water vapor delivery pipe 39. The temperature of the water vapor transported by the water vapor delivery pipe 39 is 110-125°C, and the pressure of the water vapor is 10-11Mpa. When the high-temperature water vapor collides with the broken microparticles of Sophora japonica, the cell walls of the peel and endosperm are completely broken, so that the Sophora japonica flavonoids can be quickly integrated into the water vapor.

[0068] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0069] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane, characterized in that: include: A crushing and screening assembly comprises a coarse crushing device, wherein the coarse crushing device is used to coarsely crush the locust horn, and a screening device is installed at the bottom of the coarse crushing device; A fine crushing assembly comprises a crushing chamber shell, a screen is installed in the crushing chamber shell, a rotating seat is rotatably connected to the bottom of the crushing chamber shell, a plurality of crushing knives are installed on the rotating seat, a plurality of gas branch pipes are installed in a penetrating manner on the bottom wall plate of the crushing chamber shell, a nozzle is installed at one end of the plurality of gas branch pipes placed in the crushing chamber shell, and the nozzle is arranged below the crushing knife; The dissolving component comprises a dissolving chamber shell, a raw material injection device is installed on the inner side of the top wall plate of the dissolving chamber shell, the raw material injection device is connected with the crushing chamber shell, an injection mesh is installed on the bottom of the raw material injection device, a water vapor injection device is installed on the inner side of the bottom wall plate of the dissolving chamber shell, and an atomizing injection hole is installed on the top of the water vapor injection device.

2. The device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: A feed pipe is installed on the top wall plate of the screening device, and one end of the feed pipe away from the screening device is installed on the feed port on the bottom side wall of the crushing chamber shell. A first sealing cover is installed on the top of the crushing chamber shell, and a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom wall plate of the crushing chamber shell in a penetrating manner. The upper end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating seat, and the lower end of the rotating shaft is installed with a high-speed motor.

3. The device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica by using a nano ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of crushing knives are arranged in multiple layers, and the crushing knives in different layers are arranged alternately with each other. The plurality of nozzles are arranged in an inclined manner toward the crushing knives, and the nozzles are arranged vertically to the crushing knives in the lower layer.

4. The device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 3, characterized in that: An air supply pipe is installed at one end of the air supply branch pipe located outside the crushing chamber shell, and a nozzle is installed at one end of the air supply pipe. The end of the nozzle away from the air supply pipe passes through the side wall of the crushing chamber shell in sequence and is vertically arranged in the crushing chamber shell, and the vertical section of the nozzle placed in the crushing chamber shell is arranged above the center position of the rotating seat. A plurality of injection holes are opened on the side wall of the vertical section of the nozzle placed in the crushing chamber shell, and the plurality of injection holes are arranged in a downwardly inclined manner, and the injection holes are arranged vertically to the upper crushing knife, and a high-pressure air pump is installed at the front end of the air supply pipe.

5. The device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica by using a nano ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material injection device is provided with a first crushing net and a second crushing net in sequence from top to bottom. The aperture of the first crushing net is larger than that of the second crushing net. The aperture of the injection net is set to 200-300 meshes, and the aperture of the atomizing injection hole is set to 0.1-0.2 mm.

6. The device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of fan-shaped impellers are rotatably connected between the raw material injection device and the water vapor injection device, a fixing rod is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the dissolution chamber shell, a mounting portion is provided at one end of the fixing rod away from the dissolution chamber shell, a bearing is installed on the mounting portion, and one end of the plurality of fan-shaped impellers is fixedly connected to the outer ring side wall of the bearing at equal intervals.

7. The device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica by using a nano ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second sealing cover is installed on the top of the dissolution chamber shell, a sealing gasket is arranged between the second sealing cover and the dissolution chamber shell, a feed pipe is fixedly connected to the second sealing cover in a penetrating manner, the lower end of the feed pipe is fixedly connected to the raw material injection device, a mixing pipe is installed on the first sealing cover, and the end of the mixing pipe away from the first sealing cover is installed at the upper end of the feed pipe.

8. The device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica by using a nano ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 7, characterized in that: An air outlet is provided on the second sealing cover, a water filter is installed on the inner wall of the air outlet on the second sealing cover, a hot gas conveying pipe is installed on the outer wall of the air outlet on the second sealing cover, a third flow regulating valve is installed on the hot gas conveying pipe, and one end of the hot gas conveying pipe away from the second sealing cover is installed on the air inlet of the screening device.

9. The device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica by using a nano ultrafiltration membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water vapor conveying pipe is installed on the bottom wall plate of the dissolution chamber shell in a penetrating manner, one end of the water vapor conveying pipe placed in the dissolution chamber shell is fixedly connected to the bottom of the water vapor injection device, a first flow regulating valve is installed on the part of the water vapor conveying pipe placed outside the dissolution chamber shell, the water vapor conveying pipe is used to convey high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, a discharge pipe is installed on the outer side wall of the bottom wall plate of the dissolution chamber shell, and a second flow regulating valve is installed on the discharge pipe.

10. The extraction method using the device for extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica using a nano-ultrafiltration membrane as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The extraction method comprises: S1, coarsely crushing the dried Sophora japonica pods by a coarse crushing device to separate the pericarp, seeds and endosperm of the Sophora japonica pods, and the crushed mixed material enters a screening device, and the pericarp and endosperm are separated from the seeds by the screening device; S2, the separated peel and endosperm enter the crushing chamber shell and are finely crushed by the high-speed rotating crushing knife, and the peel is thoroughly crushed by the high-pressure gas transported to the crushing chamber shell. After crushing, the micro particles are screened through the screen and then transported to the dissolution chamber shell through the mixing pipe; S3, transporting the microparticles to the raw material injection device through the mixing pipe, breaking and separating through the injection mesh, and then spraying downward, atomizing the high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor through the atomization injection hole and then spraying upward, so that the microparticles and water vapor particles collide and contact at the molecular level in the dissolution chamber shell, so that the cell walls in the peel and endosperm are broken, so that the flavonoids of Sophora japonica are completely integrated into the water vapor; S4, the mixed liquid dissolved in the dissolution chamber shell is transported to the nano ultrafiltration membrane device through a discharge pipe to extract the flavonoids from Sophora japonica.

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