A coal mining body migration - controlled gob roadway system and method for different horizons

Abstract

The present invention discloses a system and method for mining coal body migration - controlling gob systems at different horizons, which relates to the technical field of mining engineering. It includes a fully - connected low - horizon gob system, a partially - connected middle - horizon gob system, and a non - connected high - horizon gob system. The non - connected high - horizon gob system, the partially - connected middle - horizon gob system, and the fully - connected low - horizon gob system all include a tunneling machine unit and a coal - conveying belt unit. By adopting the above - mentioned system and method for mining coal body migration - controlling gob systems at different horizons, the present invention utilizes the direct migration of the mining coal body to the gob at different horizons, avoiding a series of problems caused by the need to purchase a large amount of additional filling materials. The coal body migrated in the gob is completely mined out along with the face mining, and solves the problems of strong mine pressure manifestation and roof disasters when the working face passes through the gob, having very wide and important popularization and application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, and particularly to a system and method for migrating and controlling gob roadways at different horizons in a coal mining face. Background Art

[0002] In the early stage, there were certain problems of non-standardized coal mining, leaving many gob roadways. In addition, there were limitations in the development layout, and the extraction of coal to be mined or the remaining coal resources (such as various coal pillars) faced many difficulties caused by gob roadways. Currently, the reserves of coal resources to be mined affected by old gob roadways are relatively large. During the coal face mining process, it is often necessary to pass through various old gob roadways. Before passing through a gob roadway, the coal pillar distance between the coal face and the gob roadway gradually decreases, and the stress increase of the coal pillar is significantly increased, which is prone to large-area instability of the coal pillar and even rock burst caused by stress concentration under high stress conditions. During the process of the coal face passing through the gob roadway, the cantilever roof distance in front of the support suddenly increases, and the mine pressure manifestation is intense. Disasters such as support pressing and large-area roof breakage and instability often occur, posing a great threat to the safe and efficient coal mining and the recovery of remaining coal resources in the coal mine.

[0003] Currently, the methods for a coal face to pass through a gob roadway mainly include the direct passing method, the filling method with filling materials (such as high-water, gangue, paste, etc.), the high-strength support reinforcement method (bolting and cable bolting reinforcement, support type hydraulic support support), etc.

[0004] For the direct passing method, the mine pressure manifestation of the coal face is very intense, and the roof has a large area of suspended roof breakage and pressure coming, resulting in mine pressure disasters such as large-scale support pressing and instability, posing a great threat to the normal safe production of the mine. For the filling method with filling materials, the cost is high, the economic benefit is low, and the extracted filling materials need to be transported and washed, further increasing the economic cost and the difficulty of coal washing. For the high-strength support reinforcement method, the degree of mine pressure manifestation during the gob roadway passing stage is intense. This is not a problem of large deformation of the surrounding rock within a few meters around the gob roadway, but a problem of large-scale breakage of the roof over a range of more than ten meters or even dozens of meters above the gob roadway. This cannot be solved by the support depth and support strength of conventional bolts and cables. Therefore, this method has relatively high risks and cannot avoid accidents. If a large number of hydraulic supports are placed in the gob roadway for support, although the effect is better than that of bolt and cable support, the workload of moving the supports is huge and the time is long, seriously affecting the normal transportation and production, and cannot completely solve the problem of large-scale overlying rock pressure coming during the connection stage between the coal face and the gob roadway.

[0005] For thick coal seams and extra-thick coal seams, there are three types of gob roads. One is that both the gob road and the mining roadway are driven along the bottom, and the gob road and the mining roadway are completely connected, that is, a fully connected low-position gob road; relative to the mining roadway driven along the bottom, the gob road may be in the middle (locally connected with the mining roadway), that is, a locally connected middle-position gob road; or it is in the high position of the coal seam (not connected with the mining roadway at all, belonging to a concealed gob road), that is, a non-connected high-position gob road. For the locally connected middle-position gob road and the non-connected high-position gob road, it is difficult to implement the traditional method of controlling the gob road, such as the bolt and cable reinforcement method, which cannot be implemented for the middle-position and high-position gob roads.

[0006] It can be seen that the current methods for dealing with gob roads have great limitations both economically and in terms of control effects, seriously affecting the efficient and rapid passing of the working face through the gob road, and posing a great threat to the construction of green, safe and efficient mines. There is an urgent need to propose a transformative new method that can simultaneously achieve the passing of the working face through low-position, middle-position and high-position gob roads, and achieve good effects in terms of control degree, economic benefits and full efficient mining. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for migrating mining coal bodies and controlling gob roads at different horizons, to solve the technical, economic and safety dilemmas and problems faced by the working face passing through low-position, middle-position and high-position gob roads, and to achieve the efficient, economic and safe mining of coal resources affected by various gob roads.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a system for migrating mining coal bodies and controlling gob roads at different horizons, including a fully connected low-position gob road system, a locally connected middle-position gob road system and a non-connected high-position gob road system. The non-connected high-position gob road system, the locally connected middle-position gob road system and the fully connected low-position gob road system all include a roadheader and a coal conveying belt unit;

[0009] The non-connected high-position gob road system and the locally connected middle-position gob road system include a crusher, a mixer, a pumping machine and a cuttable cross-layer pipe;

[0010] The fully connected low-position gob road system includes a fully connected low-position gob road anti-collapse rib component, a migration and coal throwing and shotcreting mixing component and a fully connected low-position gob road end coal blocking component.

[0011] Preferably, the fully connected low-position gob road anti-collapse rib system includes cuttable bolts, cuttable trays and nuts. The nuts and the cuttable trays are both connected to the cuttable bolts, and the cuttable bolts, the cuttable trays and the nuts are all installed on the roof of the fully connected low-position gob road;

[0012] The installation method of the cuttable bolts is the equal-length arrangement method and the sequential increasing method, and the increasing degree is that the length difference between adjacent two cuttable bolts is 0.4 - 1 m.

[0013] Preferably, the fully-connected low-level gob-end coal blocking component includes a T-shaped retaining bar, a double-joint nut, and a retaining net. The retaining net is fixed to the gob-end consolidation area, roof, and floor of the gob by positioning bolts and the T-shaped retaining bar. The T-shaped retaining bar is connected to the double-joint nut. A bolt head is provided in the middle of the T-shaped retaining bar, and chain-type positioning snap rings are provided at both ends.

[0014] Preferably, the migration and coal-throwing shotcreting hybrid component includes a coal conveyor belt unit in the extraction roadway, a coal conveyor belt unit in the fully-connected low-level gob, and a coal-throwing shotcreting composite assembly. One end of the coal conveyor belt unit in the extraction roadway is connected to the tunneling machine unit, and the other end is connected to the coal conveyor belt unit in the fully-connected low-level gob.

[0015] The coal conveyor belt unit in the fully-connected low-level gob includes a coal conveyor belt and a coal conveyor belt rotating wheel. The coal conveyor belt rotating wheel is connected to the coal conveyor belt. The coal conveyor belt is connected to the middle support bracket and the end support bracket. The end support bracket is connected to the coal conveyor belt rotating wheel connecting beam, and the coal conveyor belt rotating wheel connecting beam is connected to the coal conveyor belt rotating wheel.

[0016] Preferably, the end support bracket includes an end support base and an end support bracket vertical rod. A vertical rod fixing ear is provided at the upper end of the end support bracket vertical rod. The vertical rod fixing ear is connected to the interconnected fixing upper rod, and the interconnected fixing upper rod is connected to the middle support bracket.

[0017] The middle support bracket includes a middle support bracket base and a middle support bracket vertical rod. Two-sided interconnected fixing ears are provided on the middle support bracket. The two-sided interconnected fixing ears are connected to the interconnected fixing upper rod. The interconnected fixing upper rod is connected to the interconnected fixing lower rod through a connecting rod. The interconnected fixing lower rod is connected to the end support bracket base and the middle support bracket base. Rollers are provided at the lower parts of the middle support bracket base and the end support bracket base, and base interconnected fixing ears are provided at both ends. The base interconnected fixing ears on the middle support bracket base are all connected to the interconnected fixing lower rod, and the interconnected fixing lower rod is connected to the interconnected fixing upper rod through a connecting rod.

[0018] One end of the base interconnected fixing ear on the end support bracket base is connected to the interconnected fixing lower rod, and the other end is connected to a traction rod. An upper-side interconnected fixing ear is provided on the upper side of the end support bracket base. The upper-side interconnected fixing ear is connected to a loading height adjustment hydraulic cylinder, and the loading height adjustment hydraulic cylinder is connected to the coal conveyor belt rotating wheel connecting beam.

[0019] Preferably, the coal-throwing and slurry-spraying composite component includes a coal-throwing unit and a slurry-spraying consolidation unit. The coal-throwing unit includes a coal-throwing machine camera and a coal-throwing machine set. The coal-throwing machine set includes a coal-throwing machine traveling mechanism and a coal-throwing machine turntable. The coal-throwing machine turntable is arranged on the upper part of the coal-throwing machine traveling mechanism. The coal-throwing machine traveling mechanism is connected to the coal conveyor belt unit in the fully-connected low-level air roadway through a towing rod. The coal-throwing machine turntable is provided with a coal-throwing height-adjusting hydraulic cylinder and a coal-throwing machine rotating wheel. The coal-throwing machine rotating wheel is connected to the coal-throwing machine rotating wheel connecting beam. A coal-throwing belt is arranged on the coal-throwing machine rotating wheel. The coal-throwing machine rotating wheel connecting beam is connected to the coal-throwing height-adjusting hydraulic cylinder. The coal-throwing height-adjusting hydraulic cylinder is fixed with a position-adjusting hydraulic cylinder and an angle-adjusting hydraulic cylinder. The angle-adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected to the position-adjusting hydraulic cylinder. The position-adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected to the coal-throwing machine camera;

[0020] The slurry-spraying consolidation unit includes a slurry delivery pipe and a slurry-spraying machine. The slurry-spraying machine is connected to the slurry delivery pipe. The slurry delivery pipe is connected to the upper-side slurry-spraying pipe and the lower-side slurry-spraying pipe. The upper-side slurry-spraying pipe and the lower-side slurry-spraying pipe are fixed to the end of the coal-throwing machine rotating wheel connecting beam through an extension screw. The slurry delivery pipe is connected to the coal-throwing machine rotating wheel connecting beam through a fixing hook.

[0021] Preferably, the locally-connected middle-level air roadway system includes a sealing pocket, a retaining beam, a positioning cable bolt, and a cuttable cross-layer pipe. The cuttable cross-layer pipe is connected to the locally-connected middle-level air roadway through a cross-layer hole. A sealing pocket is installed at the end of the locally-connected middle-level air roadway. A rear retaining beam is installed at the end of the sealing pocket. Both ends of the retaining beam are connected to the positioning cable bolt;

[0022] The height and width of the cross-section of the sealing pocket are both 10 - 20 cm larger than the height and width of the locally-connected middle-level air roadway, and the length is 3 - 5 m;

[0023] The cuttable cross-layer pipe is connected to a pumping flexible pipe. The pumping flexible pipe is connected to a pumping machine. The pumping machine is connected to a mixer. The mixer is connected to a crusher. The crusher is connected to the coal conveyor belt unit.

[0024] A method for mining coal body migration - controlling air roadways at different horizons includes the implementation methods of a fully-connected low-level air roadway system, a locally-connected middle-level air roadway system, and a non-connected high-level air roadway system;

[0025] The implementation method of the fully-connected low-level air roadway system includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: After the mining roadway exposes the fully-connected low-level air roadway, install cuttable anchor bolts, cuttable trays, and nuts in groups on the roof of the fully-connected low-level air roadway;

[0027] Step 2: After the fully connected low-position empty roadway is exposed and lagged a certain distance behind the heading face, and after ensuring that there is space for arranging the coal conveyor belt unit in the extraction roadway, the coal conveyor belt unit and the coal throwing and shotcreting composite component in the fully connected low-position empty roadway are installed in sequence;

[0028] Step 3: The coal mined at the working face is transported to the coal conveyor belt unit in the extraction roadway by the coal transfer loader in the head transportation roadway of the working face or the heading machine in the heading face, and then transferred to the coal conveyor belt unit in the low-position empty roadway. The slurry is sprayed through the coal throwing unit and the shotcreting consolidation unit, and the coal blocks are sprayed with slurry both above and below to form a coal block consolidation and accumulation area, so as to fill the fully connected low-position empty roadway;

[0029] Step 4: When the coal block consolidation and accumulation area is about 5 m away from the end of the empty roadway, start to increase the shotcreting volume and shotcreting intensity, and implement the roof cuttable bolt and the floor cuttable bolt, and they are inclined about 45° respectively towards the extraction roadway direction;

[0030] The retaining net is anchored at the bottom corner of the transition section between the extraction roadway and the empty roadway through the positioning bolt; two T-shaped retaining bars are horizontally installed within the ranges of 0.6 - 0.8 m and 1.5 - 1.8 m from the floor of the intersection of the empty roadway, and the chain-type positioning buckle is fixed to both sides of the port of the empty roadway through the positioning cable and the tray to press the retaining net at the same time;

[0031] Then, the middle bolt head of the T-shaped retaining bar is connected to the roof cuttable bolt and the floor cuttable bolt through the double-joint nut, and finally pre-tightened to prevent the middle of the T-shaped retaining bar from bending, and the retaining net is temporarily placed on the high-position T-shaped retaining bar;

[0032] Step 5: Repeat Step 3 to fill the remaining space at the end of the empty roadway;

[0033] Step 6: The top end of the retaining net is anchored at the roof shoulder angle of the transition section between the extraction roadway and the empty roadway, and finally the empty roadway is closed.

[0034] Preferably, the implementation method of the partially connected middle-position empty roadway system includes the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: After the extraction roadway exposes the partially connected middle-position empty roadway, install a sealing bladder at the end of the partially connected middle empty roadway, install a retaining beam in the partially connected area, and fix both ends through the positioning cables anchored into the rib;

[0036] Step 2: Implement cross-cut holes into the partially connected middle empty roadway in the extraction roadway, install cuttable cross-layer pipes in the cross-cut holes, and the end of the cuttable cross-layer pipe reaches the roof of the partially connected middle empty roadway;

[0037] Step 3: The coal mined at the working face is transferred to the coal conveyor belt unit in the return airway through the coal transfer loader in the end - haulage roadway of the working face or the tunneling machine in the tunneling face. The coal passes through the crusher, mixer, pump, and flexible pumping pipe in sequence and is filled into the sealing bag. After being filled, the sealing bag is sealed.

[0038] Step 4: The coal mined at the working face is transferred to the coal conveyor belt unit in the return airway through the coal transfer loader in the end - haulage roadway of the working face or the tunneling machine in the tunneling face. Through the coal conveyor belt unit, crusher, mixer, pump, flexible pumping pipe, cut - through layer pipe, and the locally connected middle air roadway in the return airway, after the locally connected middle air roadway is filled, the cut - through layer pipe is sealed.

[0039] Preferably, the implementation method of the non - connected high - level air roadway system includes the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: After the return airway crosses the non - connected high - level air roadway, cross - layer holes are implemented in the return airway towards the non - connected high - level air roadway.

[0041] Step 2: Install a cut - through layer pipe in the cross - layer hole. The end of the cut - through layer pipe reaches the roof of the non - connected high - level air roadway, and the pipe holes are filled with cement slurry and other pipe - fixing materials.

[0042] Step 3: The coal mined at the working face is transferred to the coal conveyor belt unit in the return airway through the coal transfer loader in the end - haulage roadway of the working face or the tunneling machine in the tunneling face, and then passes through the crusher, mixer, pump, flexible pumping pipe, and cut - through layer pipe in sequence to reach the non - connected high - level air roadway. After the non - connected high - level air roadway is filled, the cut - through layer pipe is sealed.

[0043] Therefore, by adopting the above - mentioned coal mining and migration - control method for different - layer air roadway systems, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] (1) Using the coal blocks in the tunneling stage of the return airway to directly migrate and fill the air roadway in the coal body to be mined, without the need for long - distance transportation, which is convenient and fast. In this way, the tunneling coal body can be temporarily not transported out of the well, which is very beneficial to reducing the burden on the coal transportation system.

[0045] (2) The mined - out coal body is directly migrated into the air roadway. During the coal - face mining stage, it can be uniformly mined, transported, and out of the well. Neither any coal resources are wasted, nor a large amount of filling materials need to be purchased. Moreover, the complex process of transporting the purchased filling materials to the underground, transporting them out of the well during the mining stage, washing and selecting the filling materials, and finally disposing of the filling materials is saved. The method of the present invention not only greatly saves the material cost but also significantly reduces the burden on the auxiliary transportation system and coal washing.

[0046] (3) The coal - throwing machine throws coal and sprays mortar simultaneously, with high efficiency and a simple system. A network - like cementation is formed between the coal blocks, greatly saving the consumption of consolidation materials.

[0047] (4) The coal throwing unit is interconnected with the coal conveying belt unit and is powered to move by the coal throwing unit, which is convenient for operation. A camera is installed on the coal thrower to monitor the whole process of coal throwing and shotcreting, enabling remote control. The shotcreting machine is placed in the extraction roadway, eliminating the need for personnel to operate in the empty roadway and greatly improving safety.

[0048] (5) The roof of the low-level empty roadway is provided with a group of cuttable bolts arranged obliquely, which has good anchoring force for the filled coal body and effectively prevents the filled coal body from caving in a large area under the action of mine pressure when the working face is mined to the empty roadway stage.

[0049] (6) For the middle-level and high-level empty roadways, by implementing cross-layer holes, large-diameter casing pipes are set in the drill holes, and then the problem of filling and stable control of the empty roadways is solved by means of pumping.

[0050] (7) In thick and extra-thick coal seams, a large number of low-level, middle-level and high-level empty roadways are left over. Traditional methods are difficult to deal with them efficiently and economically. However, the method of the present invention directly uses the mined coal body to migrate into the empty roadways, and can migrate into the low-level, middle-level and high-level empty roadways simultaneously, without being restricted by the position and difficulty of the empty roadways, with extremely wide applicability, good control effect, safety and high efficiency, and very superior economic and social benefits.

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of the mined coal body migration-control fully connected low-level empty roadway system of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 It is a schematic sectional view of the mined coal body migration-control fully connected low-level empty roadway system of the present invention ( Figure 1 along I-I);

[0054] Figure 3 It is a schematic plan view of the equal-length arrangement of cuttable bolts in the fully connected low-level empty roadway of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 It is a schematic three-dimensional view of the equal-length arrangement of cuttable bolts in the fully connected low-level empty roadway of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 5 It is a schematic view of the equal-length arrangement of cuttable bolts in the fully connected low-level empty roadway of the present invention and the horizontal layered consolidation area;

[0057] Figure 6 It is a schematic view of the equal-length arrangement of cuttable bolts in the fully connected low-level empty roadway of the present invention and the inclined layered consolidation area;

[0058] Figure 7Schematic diagram of the progressive arrangement of cuttable bolts in the fully connected low-level gob

[0059] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the progressive arrangement of cuttable bolts in the fully connected low-level gob and the horizontal stratified consolidation area according to the present invention

[0060] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the progressive arrangement of cuttable bolts in the fully connected low-level gob and the inclined stratified consolidation area according to the present invention

[0061] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the completion of the migration - control of the fully connected low-level gob in the coal mining and excavation body according to the present invention

[0062] Figure 11 is Figure 10 profile schematic diagram of

[0063] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the T-shaped retaining bar according to the present invention

[0064] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the T-shaped retaining bar according to the present invention

[0065] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the migration - control partial connected middle-level gob system in the coal mining and excavation body according to the present invention

[0066] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the migration - control non-connected high-level gob system in the coal mining and excavation body according to the present invention

[0067] Reference numerals

[0068] 1. Coal throwing unit; 1a. Coal thrower traveling mechanism; 1b. Coal thrower turntable; 1c. Coal thrower rotating wheel; 1d. Connecting beam of coal thrower rotating wheel; 1e. Coal throwing belt; 1f. Coal throwing height adjustment hydraulic cylinder; 2. Coal thrower camera; 2a. Position adjustment hydraulic cylinder; 2b. Angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder; 3. Fixed hook; 4. Shotcreting machine; 4a. Upper side shotcreting pipe; 4b. Lower side shotcreting pipe; 4c. Slurry delivery pipe; 5. Extended screw; 6. Raw coal block; 6a. Upper side shotcreted coal block; 6b. Coal block shotcreted on both upper and lower sides; 7. Coal block consolidation and accumulation area; 7a1. Upper layer horizontal consolidation and accumulation area; 7a2. Middle layer horizontal consolidation and accumulation area; 7a3. Lower layer horizontal consolidation and accumulation area, 7b1. Upper layer inclined consolidation and accumulation area; 7b2. Middle layer inclined consolidation and accumulation area; 7b3. Lower layer inclined consolidation and accumulation area; 8. Fully connected low-position roadway internal coal conveying belt unit; 8a. Coal conveying belt rotating wheel; 8b. Connecting beam of coal conveying belt rotating wheel; 8c. End support bracket; 8c1. End support bracket vertical rod; 8cc. End support bracket base; 8d. Coal conveying belt; 8e. Middle support bracket; 8e1. Middle support bracket vertical rod; 8ee. Middle support bracket base; 8f. Interconnected fixed lower rod; 8bb. Loading height adjustment hydraulic cylinder; 8fg. Link; 8g. Interconnected fixed upper rod; 8Z. Interconnected fixed ears on both sides; 8A. Interconnected fixed ears of base; 8B. Roller; 8S. Interconnected fixed ears on upper side; 8DS. Vertical rod fixed ears; 9. Towing rod; 10. Fully connected low-position roadway; 11. Cuttable bolt; 11a. Cuttable tray; 11b. Nut; 12. Driving face; 13. Driving unit; 14. Coal conveying belt unit in extraction roadway; 15. Crusher; 16. Mixer; 17. Pumping machine; 18. Flexible pumping pipe; 19. Cuttable cross-layer pipe; 20. Cross-layer hole; 21. Extraction roadway; 22. Partially connected middle-position roadway; 23. Coal seam to be mined; 23a. Working face advancing direction; 24. Sealing pocket; 25. Retaining beam; 26. Positioning cable bolt; 27. Non-connected high-position roadway; 28. Positioning bolt; 29a. Roof cuttable bolt; 29b. Floor cuttable bolt; 30. T-shaped retaining rod; 30a. Chain-type positioning buckle; 30b. Bolt head; 31. Double-connected nut; 32. Retaining net; 33. Roadway end consolidation area; 34. Tray. Detailed implementation manners

[0069] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0070] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meanings as understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which this invention pertains. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in this invention do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0071] Embodiment

[0072] Please refer to Figure 1-15 , the present invention provides a system for migrating and controlling gob roadways at different horizons in a coal mining face, including a fully-connected low-horizon gob roadway system, a partially-connected middle-horizon gob roadway system, and a non-connected high-horizon gob roadway system. The main process is that the coal mined during tunneling or face retreat is successively transported by the coal conveyor belt unit 14 in the gate road. One is to transfer it to the belt unit 8 in the fully-connected low-horizon gob roadway → the coal throwing unit 1 → the coal block spraying and filling the fully-connected low-horizon gob roadway 10; the second is to transfer it to the crusher 15 → the mixer 16 → the pump 17 → filling the partially-connected middle-horizon gob roadway through the cross-cut hole 20 and the cuttable cross-cut pipe 19; the third is to transfer it to the crusher 15 → the mixer 16 → the pump 17 → filling the non-connected high-horizon gob roadway 27 through the cross-cut hole 20 and the cuttable cross-cut pipe 19, integrally realizing the migration of the coal mining face and controlling the surrounding rocks of the low-horizon, middle-horizon and high-horizon gob roadways.

[0073] The non-connected high-horizon gob roadway system and the partially-connected middle-horizon gob roadway system include a crusher 15, a mixer 16, a pump 17, and a cuttable cross-cut pipe 19.

[0074] The fully-connected low-horizon gob roadway system includes a fully-connected low-horizon gob roadway anti-collapse rib component, a migration and coal throwing and spraying mixing component, and a fully-connected low-horizon gob roadway end coal blocking component.

[0075] The fully-connected low-horizon gob roadway anti-collapse rib system prevents the large-scale collapse of the coal blocks accumulated and consolidated in the gob roadway when the gob roadway is exposed during face retreat. The fully-connected low-horizon gob roadway anti-collapse rib system includes a cuttable bolt 11, a cuttable tray 11a, and a nut 11b. The nut 11b and the cuttable tray 11a are both connected to the cuttable bolt 11. The cuttable bolt 11, the cuttable tray 11a, and the nut 11b are all installed on the roof of the fully-connected low-horizon gob roadway 10.

[0076] The cuttable bolt 11 has an equal-length arrangement method and a sequential increasing method, that is, it increases sequentially in the advancing direction 23a of the working face. The increasing degree is that the length difference between two adjacent cuttable bolts 11 should be 0.4 - 1 m. The cuttable bolt 11 is installed obliquely in the advancing direction of the working face. ƞ is the acute angle formed by the upper section of the cuttable bolt 11 deviating towards the advancing direction 23a of the working face and the roof. The top of the cuttable bolt 11 deviates towards the advancing direction 23a of the working face and the included angle with the vertical line ƞ should be 40 - 50°. The exposed length of the cuttable bolt 11 should be 1 - 2.5 m, and the length anchored into the surrounding rock should be 0.5 - 1 m. For an empty roadway with a width of 4 - 6 m, 2 - 3 cuttable bolts 11 should be arranged in each cross-section, and the row spacing should be 3 - 6 m.

[0077] The length of the long side of the cuttable tray 11a should be 10 - 20 cm.

[0078] The end coal-block retaining component of the fully connected low-position empty roadway includes a T-shaped retaining rod 30, a double-joint nut 31, and a retaining net 32. The retaining net 32 is fixed by pressing the net with the roof and floor bolts 28, and is fixed in the end consolidation area 33 of the empty roadway by two T-shaped retaining rods 30. A bolt head 30b is provided in the middle of the T-shaped retaining rod 30, and chain-type positioning buckle rings 30a are at both ends. The T-shaped retaining rod 30 is fixed in two ways. One is that the positioning anchor cable 26 and the tray 34 are anchored to the two sides of the end of the fully connected low-position empty roadway 10; the other is that the bolt head 30b is connected and locked with the roof cuttable bolt 29a or the floor cuttable bolt 29b through the double-joint nut 31 to prevent large deformation of the T-shaped retaining rod 30 into the mining roadway 21.

[0079] In the range of 3 - 5 m at the end of the fully connected low-position empty roadway 10, the spraying volume and spraying concentration of coal blocks both increase, preventing the coal blocks accumulated by consolidation from caving in towards the mining roadway 21, and realizing double caving prevention.

[0080] The migration and coal-throwing spraying mixing component includes a coal conveyor belt unit 14 in the mining roadway, a coal conveyor belt unit 8 in the fully connected low-position empty roadway, and a coal-throwing spraying composite component; one end of the coal conveyor belt unit 14 in the mining roadway is connected to the tunneling unit, and the other end is connected to the coal conveyor belt unit 8 in the fully connected low-position empty roadway.

[0081] The coal conveyor belt unit 8 in the fully connected low-position empty roadway includes a coal conveyor belt 8d and a coal conveyor belt rotating wheel 8a. The coal conveyor belt rotating wheel 8a is connected to the coal conveyor belt 8d. The coal conveyor belt 8d is connected to the middle support bracket 8e and the end support bracket 8c. The end support bracket 8c is connected to the coal conveyor belt rotating wheel connection beam 8b, and the coal conveyor belt rotating wheel connection beam 8b is connected to the coal conveyor belt rotating wheel 8a.

[0082] The end support bracket 8c includes an end support base 8cc and an end support bracket vertical rod 8c1. A vertical rod fixing ear 8DS is provided on the end support bracket vertical rod 8c1. The vertical rod fixing ear 8DS is connected to the interconnected fixing upper rod 8g, and the interconnected fixing upper rod 8g is connected to the middle support bracket 8e.

[0083] The middle support bracket 8e includes a middle support bracket base 8ee and a middle support bracket vertical rod 8e1. Two-sided interconnected fixing ears 8Z are provided on the middle support bracket 8e. The two-sided interconnected fixing ears 8Z are connected to the interconnected fixing upper rod 8g. The interconnected fixing upper rod 8g is connected to the interconnected fixing lower rod 8f through a connecting rod 8fg. The end of the interconnected fixing lower rod 8f is connected to the end support bracket base 8cc and the middle support bracket base 8ee. Rollers 8B are provided at the lower parts of both the middle support bracket base 8ee and the end support bracket base 8cc. Base interconnected fixing ears 8A are provided at both ends. The base interconnected fixing ears 8A on the middle support bracket base 8ee are all connected to the interconnected fixing lower rod 8f. The interconnected fixing lower rod 8f is connected to the interconnected fixing upper rod 8g through a connecting rod 8fg.

[0084] One end of the base interconnected fixing ear 8A on the end support bracket base 8cc is connected to the interconnected fixing lower rod 8f, and the other end is connected to the traction rod 9. An upper-side interconnected fixing ear 8S is provided on the upper side of the end support bracket base 8cc. The upper-side interconnected fixing ear 8S is connected to the loading height adjustment hydraulic cylinder 8bb. The loading height adjustment hydraulic cylinder 8bb is connected to the coal conveying belt rotating wheel connecting beam 8b. The loading height adjustment hydraulic cylinder 8bb adjusts the elevation angle of the coal conveying belt rotating wheel connecting beam 8b, thereby adjusting the coal throwing height.

[0085] A plurality of middle support brackets 8e are provided. The plurality of middle support brackets 8e are connected by an interconnected fixing upper rod 8g and an interconnected fixing lower rod 8f. Two connecting rods 8fg are provided between the interconnected fixing lower rod 8f and the interconnected fixing upper rod 8f.

[0086] The coal throwing and shotcreting composite component includes a coal throwing unit and a shotcreting consolidation unit. The coal throwing unit includes a coal thrower camera 2 and a coal throwing unit 1. The coal throwing unit 1 is connected to the coal conveying belt unit 8 in the fully connected low-level air roadway through a traction rod 9 and follows the coal throwing unit 1 for easy overall movement. The coal throwing unit 1 includes a coal thrower traveling mechanism 1a and a coal thrower turntable 1b. The coal thrower turntable 1b is arranged above the coal thrower traveling mechanism 1a. The coal thrower traveling mechanism 1a is connected to the coal conveying belt unit 8 in the fully connected low-level air roadway through a traction rod 9. The coal throwing angle is adjusted by the coal thrower turntable 1b. The coal throwing height and distance are achieved by adjusting the elevation angle of the coal thrower rotating wheel connecting beam 1d through the coal throwing height adjustment hydraulic cylinder 1f, or can also be achieved by adjusting the rotation speed of the coal throwing belt 1e.

[0087] On the coal thrower turntable 1b, there are a coal throwing height adjustment hydraulic cylinder 1f and a coal thrower rotating wheel 1c. The coal thrower rotating wheel 1c is connected to the coal thrower rotating wheel connecting beam 1d. On the coal thrower rotating wheel connecting beam 1d, there is a coal throwing belt 1e. The coal thrower rotating wheel connecting beam 1d is connected to the coal throwing height adjustment hydraulic cylinder 1f. Fixed on the coal throwing height adjustment hydraulic cylinder 1f are a position adjustment hydraulic cylinder 2a and an angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder 2b. The angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder 2b is connected to the position adjustment hydraulic cylinder 2a. The position adjustment hydraulic cylinder 2a is connected to the coal thrower camera 2. The position adjustment hydraulic cylinder 2a and the angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder 2b are fixed to the lower side of the coal throwing height adjustment hydraulic cylinder 1f. The actual coal throwing position is monitored by the coal thrower camera 2 to achieve remote safety control.

[0088] The shotcrete consolidation unit includes a slurry delivery pipe 4c and a shotcreting machine 4. The shotcreting machine 4 is connected to the slurry delivery pipe 4c. The slurry delivery pipe 4c is connected to the upper side shotcreting pipe 4a and the lower side shotcreting pipe 4b. The upper side shotcreting pipe 4a and the lower side shotcreting pipe 4b are fixed to the end of the coal thrower rotating wheel connecting beam 1d through an extension screw 5. The coal thrower rotating wheel connecting beam 1d is connected to the slurry delivery pipe 4c through a fixed hook 3. The shotcreting machine 4 is placed in the mining roadway 21 for convenient remote safe operation.

[0089] After the raw coal block 6 separates from the coal throwing belt 1e, it is sprayed onto the raw coal block 6 through the slurry delivery pipe 4c of the shotcreting machine 4, the upper side shotcreting pipe 4a, and the lower side shotcreting pipe 4b. The raw coal block 6 is first sprayed by the upper side shotcreting pipe 4a to form an upper side shotcreted coal block 6a, and then after being continuously sprayed by the lower side shotcreting pipe 4b, it forms a coal block 6b with both upper and lower sides shotcreted. The coal block 6b with both upper and lower sides shotcreted is thrown and piled up in the coal block consolidation and accumulation area 7 to achieve the combination of coal throwing and shotcreting, greatly saving the slurry and not causing the problem of slurry flowing. The roof contact effect is good.

[0090] There are three types of coal block consolidation and accumulation areas 7. One is the equal-strength throwing and spraying accumulation and consolidation area; the second is the unequal-strength horizontal layered throwing and spraying accumulation and consolidation area, including an upper-layer horizontal consolidation and accumulation area 7a1, a middle-layer horizontal consolidation and accumulation area 7a2, and a lower-layer horizontal consolidation and accumulation area 7a3; the third is the unequal-strength inclined layered throwing and spraying accumulation and consolidation area, including an upper-layer inclined consolidation and accumulation area 7b1, a middle-layer inclined consolidation and accumulation area 7b2, and a lower-layer inclined consolidation and accumulation area 7b3. For the unequal-strength throwing and spraying accumulation and consolidation area, the strength of the bottom is lower than that of the upper part, which is achieved by adjusting the shotcreting volume and shotcreting concentration of the shotcreting machine 4.

[0091] The implementation method steps of the mining coal body migration - controlled fully connected low-position gob system are as follows:

[0092] Step 1: After the mining roadway 21 exposes the fully connected low-position gob 10, a group of cuttable bolts 11, cuttable trays 11a, and nuts 11b are installed on the roof of the fully connected low-position gob 10.

[0093] Step 2: After the fully connected low-position empty roadway 10 is exposed at a certain distance behind the driving face 12 and it is ensured that there is space for arranging the coal conveying belt unit 14 in the return airway, the coal throwing unit 1, the coal conveying belt unit 8 in the fully connected low-position empty roadway, and the shotcreting machine 4 are installed in sequence.

[0094] Step 3: The coal mined at the working face passes through the coal conveying and transferring machine in the head transportation roadway of the working face or the driving unit 13 of the driving face 12 → the coal conveying belt unit 14 in the return airway → is transferred to the coal conveying belt unit 8 in the fully connected low-position empty roadway → the coal throwing unit 1 → the shotcreting machine system sprays slurry → the upper and lower sprayed coal lumps 6b form a coal lump consolidation and accumulation area 7, realizing the filling of the fully connected low-position empty roadway 10.

[0095] Step 4: When the coal lump consolidation and accumulation area 7 is about 5 m away from the end of the empty roadway, start to increase the shotcreting volume and shotcreting intensity, implement the roof cuttable bolt 29a and the floor cuttable bolt 29b, and they are inclined about 45° respectively towards the direction of the return airway 21.

[0096] The retaining net 32 is anchored at the bottom corners of the transition section between the return airway 21 and the empty roadway through the positioning bolt 28; two T-shaped retaining bars 30 are horizontally installed within the ranges of 0.6 - 0.8 m and 1.5 - 1.8 m from the floor of the intersection of the empty roadway, and the chain-type positioning buckle 30a is fixed to the two sides of the port of the empty roadway through the positioning cable 26 and the tray 34 while pressing the retaining net 32.

[0097] Then, the bolt head 30b of the T-shaped retaining bar 30 is connected to the roof cuttable bolt 29a and the floor cuttable bolt 29b through the double-joint nut 31, and finally pre-tightened to prevent the middle part of the T-shaped retaining bar 30 from bending, and the retaining net 32 is temporarily placed on the high-position T-shaped retaining bar 30.

[0098] Step 5: Repeat Step 3 to fill the remaining space at the end of the empty roadway.

[0099] Step 6: The top end of the retaining net 32 is anchored at the roof shoulder angle of the transition section between the return airway 21 and the empty roadway, finally realizing the closure of the empty roadway.

[0100] The partially connected middle-position empty roadway system includes a sealing pocket 24, a retaining beam 25, a positioning cable 26, and a cuttable cross-layer pipe 18. The cuttable cross-layer pipe 18 is connected to the partially connected middle empty roadway 22 through a cross-layer hole 20. A sealing pocket 24 is installed at the end of the partially connected middle empty roadway 22, a retaining beam 25 is installed in the area where the sealing pocket 24 is partially connected to the return airway 21, and both ends of the retaining beam 25 are connected to the positioning cable 26.

[0101] The cuttable cross-layer pipe 19 is connected to the pumping flexible pipe 18, the pumping flexible pipe 18 is connected to the pumping machine 17, the pumping machine 17 is connected to the mixer 16, the mixer 16 is connected to the crusher 15, and the crusher 15 is connected to the coal conveying belt unit 14 in the return airway.

[0102] The shape of the sealing pocket 24 is the same as that of the cross-section of the gob roadway. Its height and width should be 10 - 20 cm larger than the width and height of the locally connected middle gob roadway 22, and its length should be 3 - 5 m. The sealing pocket 24 is installed at the end of the locally connected middle gob roadway 22. A retaining beam 25 is installed in the locally connected area and fixed at both ends by positioning anchor cables 26 anchored into the rib. The inside of the sealing pocket 24 is filled with a cement and coal mixed slurry. After solidification, a cross-cut hole 20 is implemented in the locally connected middle gob roadway 22 in the extraction roadway 21. The diameter of the cross-cut hole 20 should be 10 - 20 cm. A cuttable cross-cut pipe 19 is installed in the cross-cut hole 20. The outer diameter of the cuttable cross-cut pipe 19 should be 2 - 4 cm smaller than the diameter of the cross-cut hole 20. The pipe holes are filled with cement slurry and other pipe-fixing materials.

[0103] The method steps for the migration - control of the locally connected middle gob roadway system of the mined coal body are as follows:

[0104] Step 1: After the extraction roadway 21 exposes the locally connected middle gob roadway 22, install the sealing pocket 24 at the end of the locally connected middle gob roadway 22. A retaining beam 25 is installed in the locally connected area and fixed at both ends by positioning anchor cables 26 anchored into the rib.

[0105] Step 2: Implement a cross-cut hole 20 in the locally connected middle gob roadway 22 in the extraction roadway 21. Install a cuttable cross-cut pipe 19 in the cross-cut hole 20. The end of the cuttable cross-cut pipe 19 reaches the roof of the locally connected middle gob roadway 22. The pipe holes are filled with cement slurry and other pipe-fixing materials.

[0106] Step 3: The coal mined from the working face passes through the coal transfer loader in the head transportation roadway of the working face or the tunneling machine 13 of the tunneling face 12 → the coal conveyor belt unit 14 in the extraction roadway 21 → the crusher 15 → the mixer 16 → the pumping machine 17 → the pumping flexible pipe 18 → the sealing pocket 24 → after being filled, seal the sealing pocket 24.

[0107] Step 4: The coal mined from the working face is transferred to the coal conveyor belt unit 14 in the extraction roadway through the coal transfer loader in the head transportation roadway of the working face or the tunneling machine 13 of the tunneling face 12, and then passes through the crusher 15, mixer 16, pumping machine 17, pumping flexible pipe 18, cuttable cross-cut pipe 19 and the locally connected middle gob roadway 22 in sequence. After being filled, seal the cuttable cross-cut pipe 19.

[0108] The implementation method steps for the migration - control of the high - level non - connected gob roadway system are as follows:

[0109] Step 1: After the extraction roadway 21 crosses the non - connected high - level gob roadway 27, implement a cross-cut hole 20 from the extraction roadway 21 to the non - connected high - level gob roadway 27.

[0110] Step 2: Install the cuttable cross-layer pipe 19 in the cross-layer hole 20. The end of the cuttable cross-layer pipe 19 reaches the roof of the unconnected high-level empty roadway 27, and the pipe holes are filled with cement slurry and other pipe-fixing materials.

[0111] Step 3: The coal mined at the working face passes through the coal conveying and transferring machine in the head transportation roadway of the working face or the tunneling machine set 13 of the tunneling working face 12 → the coal conveying belt machine set 14 in the return airway → the crusher 15 → the mixer 16 → the pumping machine 17 → the pumping flexible pipe 18 → the cuttable cross-layer pipe 19 → the unconnected high-level empty roadway 27 → after being filled, the cuttable cross-layer pipe 19 is sealed.

[0112] There are three types of empty roadways at different levels, namely low-level, middle-level, and high-level empty roadways. The mined coal in the return airway 21 is used to fill and control various empty roadways by excavation and migration. If there are too many empty roadways and the coal in the excavation roadway is not enough to fill all types of empty roadways, the coal mined at the working face is continuously used to fill all types of empty roadways, which has the least impact on production.

[0113] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned coal mining and migration - control system and method for empty roadways at different levels. By directly using the coal mined and migrated into the empty roadways, it can be simultaneously migrated into the low-level, middle-level, and high-level empty roadways, without being restricted by the location and difficulty of the empty roadways, and has extremely wide applicability, good control effect, high safety and efficiency, and very superior economic and social benefits. The coal mined is directly migrated into the empty roadways, and during the coal mining stage of the working face, it can be uniformly mined, transported, and hoisted out of the well, without wasting any coal resources, nor purchasing a large amount of filling materials. Moreover, it saves the complex process of transporting the purchased filling materials to the underground, transporting them out of the well during the coal mining stage, washing and selecting the filling materials, and finally disposing of the filling materials. The method of the present invention not only greatly saves the material cost, but also significantly reduces the burden on the auxiliary transportation system and coal washing.

[0114] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements do not make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mining coal migration and controlling empty lanes at different layers, characterized by: Including the implementation method of the fully connected low-level empty lane system, the implementation method of the partially connected middle-level empty lane system and the implementation method of the non-connected high-level empty lane system; The implementation method of the fully connected low-level empty lane system includes the following steps: Step 1: After the mining tunnel reveals the fully connected low-level empty roadway, install the cuttable anchor rods, cuttable trays and nuts in groups on the roof of the fully connected low-level empty roadway; Step 2: After the fully connected low-level empty roadway delayed excavation working face is exposed, after ensuring that there is space for the coal conveyor belt unit in the mining roadway, the fully connected low-level empty roadway coal conveyor belt unit and the coal throwing and grouting composite assembly are installed in sequence; Step 3: The coal mined from the working face is transported to the coal conveyor belt unit in the mining roadway through the coal transfer machine in the end transport roadway of the working face or the tunneling unit in the tunneling working face, and then transferred to the coal conveyor belt unit in the low empty roadway. The slurry is sprayed through the coal throwing unit and the grouting consolidation unit, and the coal blocks are sprayed on the upper and lower sides to form a coal block consolidation accumulation area, so as to realize the full connection of the low empty roadway; Step 4: When the coal block consolidation accumulation area is about 5m away from the end of the empty roadway, the amount and intensity of grouting are increased, and the top plate cuttable anchor bolts and the bottom plate cuttable anchor bolts are implemented, and they are inclined about 45° toward the direction of the mining roadway respectively; The retaining net is anchored at the bottom corner of the transition section between the mining tunnel and the empty tunnel by positioning anchor rods; two T-shaped retaining rods are horizontally installed at a distance of 0.6~0.8m and 1.5~1.8m from the bottom plate of the empty tunnel intersection, and the retaining net is pressed at the two sides of the empty tunnel port by positioning anchor cables and tray-fixed chain positioning buckles; Then the middle bolt head of the T-shaped barrier rod is connected to the top plate cuttable anchor rod and the bottom plate cuttable anchor rod through a double nut, and finally pre-tightened to prevent the middle part of the T-shaped barrier rod from bending, and the barrier net is temporarily placed on the high T-shaped barrier rod; Step 5: Repeat step 3 to fill the remaining space at the end of the empty lane; Step 6: The top of the retaining net is anchored at the top shoulder angle of the transition section between the mining tunnel and the empty tunnel by positioning anchor rods, and finally the empty tunnel is closed; The implementation method of the local connected middle empty lane system includes the following steps: Step 1: After the mining tunnel exposes the partially connected middle empty tunnel, a sealing bag is installed at the end of the partially connected middle empty tunnel, a retaining beam is installed in the partially connected area, and both ends are fixed by positioning anchor cables anchored into the sidewall; Step 2: Drill a through hole in the mining tunnel to the partially connected middle empty tunnel, install a cuttable through-layer pipe in the through hole, and the end of the cuttable through-layer pipe reaches the roof of the partially connected middle empty tunnel; Step 3: The coal mined from the working face is transferred to the coal conveyor belt unit in the mining tunnel through the coal transfer machine in the transport tunnel at the end of the working face or the tunneling unit in the tunneling working face. The coal is filled into the sealing bag through the crusher, mixer, pumping machine, and pumping flexible pipe in sequence. After the sealing bag is full, it is closed; Step 4: The coal mined from the working face is transferred to the coal conveyor belt unit in the recovery tunnel through the coal transfer machine in the transport tunnel at the end of the working face or the tunneling unit in the tunneling working face. It passes through the coal conveyor belt unit, crusher, mixer, pump, pumping flexible pipe, cuttable through-layer pipe and partially connected middle empty tunnel in the recovery tunnel. After the partially connected middle empty tunnel is filled, the cuttable through-layer pipe is closed.

2. A method for mining coal migration and controlling empty lanes at different layers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The implementation method of the non-connected high-level empty lane system includes the following steps: Step 1: After the mining roadway passes over the unconnected high-level empty roadway, a through-layer hole is made in the mining roadway toward the unconnected high-level empty roadway; Step 2: Install a cuttable through-layer pipe in the through-layer hole, and make the end of the cuttable through-layer pipe reach the top plate of the unconnected high-level empty lane, and fill the holes with cement slurry to fix the pipe; Step 3: The coal mined from the working face is transferred to the coal conveyor belt unit in the recovery tunnel through the coal transfer machine in the transport tunnel at the end of the working face or the tunneling unit in the tunneling working face, and then passes through the crusher, mixer, pump, pumping flexible pipe and cuttable through-layer pipe in turn to reach the unconnected high-level empty tunnel. After the unconnected high-level empty tunnel is filled, the cuttable through-layer pipe is closed.

3. A system for mining coal migration and controlling empty lanes at different layers, used in a method for mining coal migration and controlling empty lanes at different layers as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: It includes a fully connected low-level empty road system, a partially connected middle-level empty road system and a non-connected high-level empty road system. The non-connected high-level empty road system, the partially connected middle-level empty road system and the fully connected low-level empty road system all include a tunneling unit and a coal conveyor belt unit; The non-connected high-level empty tunnel system and the partially connected middle-level empty tunnel system include crushers, mixers, pumps and cuttable through-layer pipes; The fully connected low-level empty road system includes fully connected low-level empty road anti-collapse components, migration and coal throwing grouting mixing components and fully connected low-level empty road end coal blocking components.

4. A system for mining coal migration and controlling empty lanes at different layers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fully connected low empty tunnel anti-collapse system includes a cuttable anchor rod, a cuttable tray and a nut. The nut and the cuttable tray are connected to the cuttable anchor rod. The cuttable anchor rod, the cuttable tray and the nut are installed on the top plate of the fully connected low empty tunnel. The installation methods of cuttable anchor rods are equal length arrangement method and successive length increase method, and the degree of increase is that the length difference between two adjacent cuttable anchor rods is 0.4~1m.

5. A system for mining coal migration and controlling empty lanes at different layers according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fully connected low-position empty tunnel end coal blocking components include T-type blocking rods, double-jointed nuts and blocking nets. The blocking nets are fixed to the empty tunnel end consolidation area and the top and bottom plates through positioning anchor rods and T-type blocking rods. The T-type blocking rods are connected to the double-jointed nuts. A bolt head is provided in the middle of the T-type blocking rods, and chain positioning buckles are provided at both ends.

6. A system for mining coal migration and controlling empty lanes at different layers according to claim 5, characterized in that: The migration and coal-throwing grouting mixed components include a coal-transporting belt unit in the recovery tunnel, a coal-transporting belt unit in a fully connected low-level empty tunnel, and a coal-throwing grouting composite component; one end of the coal-transporting belt unit in the recovery tunnel is connected to the tunneling unit, and the other end is connected to the coal-transporting belt unit in the fully connected low-level empty tunnel.

7. A system for mining coal migration and controlling empty lanes at different layers according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coal throwing grouting composite assembly includes a coal throwing unit and a grouting consolidation unit. The coal throwing unit includes a coal throwing machine camera and a coal throwing machine unit. The coal throwing machine unit includes a coal throwing machine walking mechanism and a coal throwing machine turntable. The coal throwing machine turntable is arranged on the upper part of the coal throwing machine walking mechanism. The coal throwing machine walking mechanism is connected to the fully connected low-level empty lane coal transport belt unit through a traction rod. A coal throwing height adjustment hydraulic cylinder and a coal throwing machine rotating wheel are arranged on the coal throwing machine turntable. The coal throwing machine rotating wheel is connected to the coal throwing machine rotating wheel connecting beam. A coal throwing belt is arranged on the coal throwing machine rotating wheel. The coal throwing machine rotating wheel connecting beam is connected to the coal throwing height adjustment hydraulic cylinder. A position adjustment hydraulic cylinder and an angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder are fixed on the coal throwing height adjustment hydraulic cylinder. The angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder is connected to the position adjustment hydraulic cylinder. The position adjustment hydraulic cylinder is connected to the coal throwing machine camera. The shotcrete consolidation unit includes a slurry conveying pipe and a shotcrete machine. The shotcrete machine is connected to the slurry conveying pipe. The slurry conveying pipe is connected to the upper side shotcrete pipe and the lower side shotcrete pipe. The upper side shotcrete pipe and the lower side shotcrete pipe are fixed to the end of the coal-throwing machine rotating wheel connecting beam through an extended screw rod. The slurry conveying pipe is connected to the coal-throwing machine rotating wheel connecting beam through a fixed hook.

8. A system for mining coal migration and controlling empty lanes at different layers according to claim 7, characterized in that: The end support bracket comprises an end support base and an end support bracket vertical rod, the end support bracket vertical rod is provided with a vertical rod fixing ear, the vertical rod fixing ear is connected to the interconnection fixing upper rod, and the interconnection fixing upper rod is connected to the middle support bracket; The middle support frame includes a middle support frame base and a middle support frame vertical rod, the middle support frame is provided with interconnected fixing ears on both sides, the interconnected fixing ears on both sides are connected to the interconnected fixing upper rod, the interconnected fixing upper rod is connected to the interconnected fixing lower rod through a connecting rod, the interconnected fixing lower rod is connected to the end support frame base and the middle support frame base, the middle support frame base and the end support frame base are both provided with rollers at the lower part, and base interconnected fixing ears are provided at both ends, the base interconnected fixing ears on the middle support frame base are both connected to the interconnected fixing lower rod, and the interconnected fixing lower rod is connected to the interconnected fixing upper rod through a connecting rod; One end of the base interconnecting fixing ear on the end support bracket base is connected to the interconnecting fixing lower rod, and the other end is connected to the traction rod. The upper side of the end support bracket base is provided with an upper interconnecting fixing ear, and the upper interconnecting fixing ear is connected to the transfer height adjustment hydraulic cylinder, and the transfer height adjustment hydraulic cylinder is connected to the coal transport belt rotating wheel connecting beam.

9. A system for mining coal migration and controlling empty lanes at different layers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The partially connected middle empty lane system includes a sealing bag, a blocking beam, a positioning anchor cable and a cuttable through-layer pipe. The cuttable through-layer pipe is connected to the partially connected middle empty lane through a through-layer hole. The end of the partially connected middle empty lane is equipped with a sealing bag, and the end of the sealing bag is equipped with a rear blocking beam. Both ends of the blocking beam are connected to the positioning anchor cable. The height and width of the sealed bag section are 10-20cm greater than the height and width of the local connected median empty lane, and the length is 3-5m; The cuttable through-layer pipe is connected to the pumping flexible pipe, the pumping flexible pipe is connected to the pumping machine, the pumping machine is connected to the mixer, the mixer is connected to the crusher, and the crusher is connected to the coal conveyor belt unit.

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