Solar power generation assembly and preparation method thereof, and preparation method of perovskite device

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar power generation assembly and a preparation method thereof, and a preparation method of a perovskite device. The preparation method of the solar power generation assembly comprises the following steps: providing a substrate; constructing a plurality of perovskite devices on the substrate; wherein the perovskite device comprises a light absorption area and a functional area, the light absorption area is used for converting solar energy into electric energy, the functional area comprises a bus electrode, and the bus electrode is electrically connected with the light absorption area to collect the electric energy; a cover plate is attached to the surface of each perovskite device; cutting the substrate and the cover plate to obtain a plurality of solar power generation assemblies; the solar power generation assembly comprises a sub-substrate, a perovskite device and a sub-cover plate which are stacked in sequence; the sub-substrate is obtained by cutting the substrate, and the sub-cover plate is obtained by cutting the cover plate. The perovskite device of each solar power generation assembly is provided with the bus electrode, so that an external circuit can be directly connected with the bus electrode, a junction box is omitted, and the overall size of the solar power generation assembly is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar power generation component and a preparation method thereof, and a preparation method of a perovskite device. Background Art

[0002] At present, traditional solar photovoltaic modules are mainly used in outdoor environments. After being exposed to sunlight outdoors, the photovoltaic modules absorb light and convert it into electricity. The generated electricity is then connected to the junction box through the attached busbars to connect the positive and negative lines. The junction box is too large and requires a reserved border area for placement, resulting in the overall size of the solar photovoltaic module being too large. Therefore, it is not suitable for indoor small-area solar photovoltaic or polygonal solar photovoltaic module design. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a solar power generation component and a preparation method thereof, and a preparation method of a perovskite device, aiming to solve the problem of excessive overall volume of traditional solar photovoltaic modules.

[0004] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a solar power generation component, comprising: providing a substrate; constructing a plurality of perovskite devices on the substrate; wherein the perovskite device comprises a light absorption region and a functional region, the light absorption region is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, the functional region comprises a bus electrode, the bus electrode is electrically connected to the light absorption region to collect the electrical energy; attaching a cover plate to the surface of each of the perovskite devices; cutting the substrate and the cover plate to obtain a plurality of solar power generation components; the solar power generation component comprises a sub-substrate, the perovskite device and a sub-cover plate which are stacked in sequence; the sub-substrate is obtained by cutting the substrate, and the sub-cover plate is obtained by cutting the cover plate.

[0005] In one embodiment, the functional area further includes a positioning structure located on the substrate, and the positioning structure is used to position each of the perovskite devices when the substrate and the cover plate are cut.

[0006] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite device, which is used to prepare a perovskite device as described above, comprising: constructing a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer on a substrate respectively; wherein the first electrode layer comprises a first bus electrode layer and a second bus electrode layer which are arranged in sequence along a first direction in a functional area, and a first light absorption electrode layer, a plurality of second light absorption electrode layers and a third light absorption electrode layer which are arranged in sequence along the first direction in a light absorption area; the first light absorption electrode layer is connected to the first bus electrode layer, and the third light absorption electrode layer is connected to the second bus electrode layer; the second electrode layer is located in the functional area; the first direction is parallel to the substrate; a plurality of light absorption units which are arranged in sequence along the first direction are constructed on the first light absorption electrode layer, the second light absorption electrode layer and the third light absorption electrode layer; wherein one of the light absorption units is in contact with a surface of one side of two adjacent light absorption electrode layers away from the substrate; The light absorption unit comprises a first side wall and a second side wall arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, and a third side wall and a fourth side wall arranged opposite to each other along the second direction, the second direction is parallel to the substrate and perpendicular to the first direction, and the light absorption area and the functional area are arranged in sequence along the second direction; a third electrode layer is constructed on the surface of the first bus electrode layer on the side away from the substrate, and a plurality of fourth electrode layers and a plurality of fifth electrode layers are respectively constructed on the surface of each of the light absorption units; wherein the first bus electrode layer, the second bus electrode layer and the third electrode layer are used to form a bus electrode; one light absorption unit corresponds to one fourth electrode layer and one fifth electrode layer, the fourth electrode layer is located on the side of the corresponding light absorption unit away from the substrate, the fifth electrode layer covers the first side wall or the fourth side wall of the corresponding light absorption unit, and the fourth electrode layer is connected to the second light absorption electrode layer or to the third electrode layer through the corresponding fifth electrode layer.

[0007] In one embodiment, constructing the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer on the substrate respectively includes: forming a first material layer on the substrate; and pattern-etching the first material layer to obtain the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.

[0008] In one embodiment, the light absorption unit includes a first transmission layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, and a second transmission layer stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate, and the first transmission layer is also in contact with the substrate to fill the gap between the light absorption electrode layers.

[0009] In one embodiment, the surface of the second electrode layer on the side away from the substrate is provided with the first transmission layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and the second transmission layer stacked in sequence, and the second electrode layer and the first transmission layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and the second transmission layer on the second electrode layer are used to form a positioning structure.

[0010] In one embodiment, the multiple light absorption units arranged in sequence along the first direction are constructed on the first light absorption electrode layer, the second light absorption electrode layer and the third light absorption electrode layer, including: forming a second material layer, a third material layer and a fourth material layer in sequence on the substrate, the surface of the first electrode layer on the side away from the substrate and the second electrode layer; and patterning and etching the fourth material layer, the third material layer and the second material layer in sequence to form the multiple light absorption units and the positioning structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, the bus electrode further includes a sixth electrode layer located on a surface of the second bus electrode layer away from the substrate, and the positioning structure further includes a seventh electrode layer located on a surface of the second transmission layer away from the substrate.

[0012] In one embodiment, the third electrode layer is constructed on the surface of the first bus electrode layer on the side away from the substrate, and multiple fourth electrode layers and multiple fifth electrode layers are respectively constructed on the surface of each of the light absorption units, including: forming a fifth material layer covering the light absorption area and the functional area; patterning and etching the fifth material layer to obtain the third electrode layer, the fourth electrode layer, the fifth electrode layer, the sixth electrode layer and the seventh electrode layer.

[0013] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a solar power generation component, comprising: a sub-substrate, a perovskite device and a sub-cover plate stacked in sequence; wherein the perovskite device comprises a light absorption region and a functional region, the light absorption region is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, the functional region comprises a bus electrode, and the bus electrode is electrically connected to the light absorption region to collect the electrical energy.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects: the size of the solar power generation assembly can be further reduced by cutting, and is not limited by the size of the raw materials. Since the perovskite device 200 of each solar power generation assembly has a bus electrode, the external circuit can be directly connected to the bus electrode to save the junction box and reduce the overall volume of the solar power generation assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1A flow chart of a method for preparing a solar power generation assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a perovskite device provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a solar power generation assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 4 A flow chart of a method for preparing a perovskite device provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 6 A top view of a device after executing step S120 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 7 for Figure 6 AA section view;

[0022] Figure 8 A top view of a device after executing step S130 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 BB cross-section diagram;

[0024] Fig.10 for Figure 8 CC profile of ;

[0025] Fig.11 for Figure 8 DD cross-section diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0027] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0028] It should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by terms such as "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0029] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0030] Figure 1 The flowchart of the method for preparing a solar power generation assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application is shown. For the convenience of explanation, only the part related to the present embodiment is shown, which is described in detail as follows:

[0031] A method for preparing a solar power generation assembly includes steps S100 to S300.

[0032] Step S100: construct multiple perovskite devices on a substrate. Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the perovskite device 200 includes a light absorption region 300 and a functional region 400, wherein the light absorption region 300 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and the functional region 400 includes a bus electrode, which is electrically connected to the light absorption region 300 to collect electrical energy.

[0033] By directly arranging the bus electrode on the perovskite device 200 , there is no need to stick the bus bar and arrange the corresponding junction box, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the device.

[0034] Step S200: attaching a cover plate to the surface of each perovskite device.

[0035] Specifically, the cover plate may be bonded to a side of each perovskite device 200 away from the substrate 100 through a packaging material.

[0036] Step S300: cutting the substrate and the cover plate to obtain a plurality of solar power generation modules. Figure 3 As shown, the solar power generation assembly includes a sub-substrate 110, a perovskite device 200 and a sub-cover plate 120 which are stacked in sequence. The sub-substrate 110 is obtained by cutting the substrate 100, and the sub-cover plate 120 is obtained by cutting the cover plate.

[0037] The size of solar power generation components can be further reduced by cutting, and is not limited by the size of the raw materials.

[0038] Since the perovskite device 200 of each solar power generation module has a bus electrode, the external circuit can be directly connected to the bus electrode to save the junction box and reduce the overall volume of the solar power generation module.

[0039] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the functional area 400 also includes a positioning structure located on the substrate 100, and the positioning structure is used to position each perovskite device 200 when the cover plate is bonded to the surface of each perovskite device and / or when the bonding tolerance of the cover plate is measured after bonding and / or when the substrate 100 and the cover plate are cut and / or when the bus electrode is connected to an external circuit, so as to improve the yield of the product and reduce the complexity of the production process.

[0040] The shape of the positioning structure can be set according to actual needs. In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the positioning structure on the substrate 100 is in the shape of a cross.

[0041] Figure 4 The flowchart of the method for preparing the perovskite device provided in the first embodiment of the present application is shown. For the convenience of explanation, only the part related to the present embodiment is shown, which is described in detail as follows:

[0042] A method for preparing a perovskite device 200 is used to prepare the perovskite device 200 as in any one of the above embodiments, and the preparation method comprises steps S110 to S130.

[0043] Step S110: constructing a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer respectively on the substrate.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, the first electrode layer 510 includes a first bus electrode layer 511 and a second bus electrode layer 512 which are sequentially arranged along the first direction and are located in the functional area 400, and a first light absorption electrode layer 513, a plurality of second light absorption electrode layers 514 and a third light absorption electrode layer 515 which are sequentially arranged along the first direction and are located in the light absorption area 300. The first light absorption electrode layer 513 is connected to the first bus electrode layer 511, and the third light absorption electrode layer 515 is connected to the second bus electrode layer 512. The second electrode layer 520 is located in the functional area 400. The first direction is parallel to the substrate 100.

[0045] Step S120: arranging a plurality of light absorbing units on each light absorbing electrode layer in sequence and at intervals along the first direction.

[0046] like Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, at least one light absorbing unit 600 is respectively in contact with the surface of two adjacent light absorbing electrode layers on one side away from the substrate 100. The light absorbing unit 600 includes a first side wall and a second side wall arranged oppositely along a first direction and a third side wall and a fourth side wall arranged oppositely along a second direction, the second direction is parallel to the substrate 100 and perpendicular to the first direction, and the light absorbing region 300 and the functional region 400 are arranged in sequence along the second direction.

[0047] In some embodiments, at least one light absorbing unit 600 is disposed between the surfaces of two adjacent light absorbing electrode layers that are away from the substrate 100 .

[0048] Step S130: constructing a third electrode layer on the surface of the first bus electrode layer away from the substrate, and constructing a plurality of fourth electrode layers and a plurality of fifth electrode layers on the surface of each light absorption unit.

[0049] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 As shown, the first bus electrode layer 511, the second bus electrode layer 512 and the third electrode layer 710 are used to form a bus electrode. One light absorption unit 600 corresponds to one fourth electrode layer 720 and one fifth electrode layer 730, the fourth electrode layer 720 is located on the side of the corresponding light absorption unit 600 away from the substrate 100, the fifth electrode layer 730 covers the first side wall or the fourth side wall of the corresponding light absorption unit 600, and the fourth electrode layer 720 is connected to the second light absorption electrode layer 514 or the third electrode layer 710 through the corresponding fifth electrode layer 730.

[0050] It can be understood that the third electrode layer 710 can be used to connect to an external circuit, the fifth electrode layer 730 covering the first side wall of the corresponding light absorption unit 600 can connect the corresponding fourth electrode layer 720 with the second light absorption electrode layer 514, the fifth electrode layer 730 covering the fourth side wall of the corresponding light absorption unit 600 can connect the corresponding fourth electrode layer 720 with the third electrode layer 710, and multiple fourth electrode layers 720 and multiple fifth electrode layers 730 can cooperate with the first light absorption electrode layer 513, multiple second light absorption electrode layers 514 and the third light absorption electrode layer 515 to connect each light absorption unit 600 in series between the first bus electrode layer 511 and the second bus electrode layer 512.

[0051] In one embodiment, step S110 includes steps S111 to S112.

[0052] Step S111: forming a first material layer on a substrate.

[0053] The first material layer can be prepared by deposition, and the specific material of the first material layer includes at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), IMI composite electrode and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO).

[0054] Step S112: performing pattern etching on the first material layer to obtain a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer.

[0055] It can be understood that after etching the first material layer, the unetched first material layer will form the first electrode layer 510 and the second electrode layer 520 .

[0056] In one embodiment, if Figure 7 As shown, the light absorbing unit 600 includes a first transmission layer 610, a perovskite light absorbing layer 620 and a second transmission layer 630 which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate 100, and the first transmission layer 610 is also in contact with the substrate 100 to fill the gap between the light absorbing electrode layers.

[0057] The perovskite light absorbing layer 620 can convert the received solar energy into electrical energy, and the first transmission layer 610 and the second transmission layer 630 can effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite light absorbing layer 620 .

[0058] It should be noted that, in actual operation, one of the transport layers is used to transport electrons, and the other transport layer is used to transport holes. For example, the first transport layer 610 can be used to transport holes, and the second transport layer 630 can be used to transport electrons.

[0059] Since two adjacent light absorbing electrode layers are spaced apart from each other, there is a certain gap between the two adjacent light absorbing electrode layers. Therefore, when constructing the first transmission layer 610 , the gap between the light absorbing electrode layers may be filled first.

[0060] In one embodiment, if Fig.11 As shown, the surface of the second electrode layer 520 on the side away from the substrate 100 is provided with a first transmission layer 610, a perovskite light absorption layer 620 and a second transmission layer 630 stacked in sequence, and the second electrode layer 520 and the first transmission layer 610, the perovskite light absorption layer 620 and the second transmission layer 630 on the second electrode layer 520 are used to form a positioning structure.

[0061] It should be noted that, without increasing the number of process steps, the positioning structure can be constructed on the basis of the second electrode layer 520 while constructing the light absorbing unit 600 .

[0062] In one embodiment, step S120 includes steps S121 and S122.

[0063] Step S121: forming a second material layer, a third material layer and a fourth material layer in sequence on the substrate, the surface of the first electrode layer away from the substrate and the second electrode layer.

[0064] Specifically, the second material layer, the third material layer and the fourth material layer may be constructed by deposition.

[0065] When the second material layer is formed, the second material layer fills the gaps between the light absorbing electrode layers.

[0066] The materials of the second material layer and the fourth material layer include at least one of zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), antimony-doped tin oxide (Sb:SnO2), tungsten oxide (WO3), titanium oxide (TiO2), nickel oxide (NiO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), PEDOT:PSS hydrogel, polytriarylamine (PTAA), Spiro, and Al-doped ZnO.

[0067] The material of the third material layer includes at least one of organic / inorganic lead halide perovskite and lead-free perovskite.

[0068] Step S122: pattern-etching the fourth material layer, the third material layer, and the second material layer in sequence to form a plurality of light absorption units and positioning structures.

[0069] It can be understood that after patterning and etching the fourth material layer, the third material layer and the second material layer in sequence, the unetched second material layer, the third material layer and the fourth material layer will form a plurality of light absorption units 600 and positioning structures.

[0070] In one embodiment, if Fig.11 As shown, the bus electrode further includes a sixth electrode layer 740 located on a surface of the second bus electrode layer 512 away from the substrate 100 , and the positioning structure further includes a seventh electrode layer 750 located on a surface of the second transmission layer 630 away from the substrate 100 .

[0071] In one embodiment, step S130 includes steps S131 and S132.

[0072] Step S131: forming a fifth material layer covering the light absorption region and the functional region.

[0073] The fifth material layer can be prepared by deposition, and the specific material of the fifth material layer includes at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), IMI composite electrode and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO).

[0074] Step S132: performing pattern etching on the fifth material layer to obtain a third electrode layer, a fourth electrode layer, a fifth electrode layer, a sixth electrode layer and a seventh electrode layer.

[0075] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 As shown, it can be understood that after etching the fifth material layer, the unetched fifth material layer will form a third electrode layer 710 , a fourth electrode layer 720 , a fifth electrode layer 730 , a sixth electrode layer 740 and a seventh electrode layer 750 .

[0076] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a solar power generation assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application is shown. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to the present embodiment are shown, which are described in detail as follows:

[0077] A solar power generation component includes: a sub-substrate 110, a perovskite device 200 and a sub-cover plate 120 which are stacked in sequence. The perovskite device 200 includes a light absorption region 300 and a functional region 400, the light absorption region 300 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and the functional region 400 includes a bus electrode which is electrically connected to the light absorption region 300 to collect electrical energy.

[0078] Since the perovskite device 200 of each solar power generation module has a bus electrode, the external circuit can be directly connected to the bus electrode to save the junction box and reduce the overall volume of the solar power generation module.

[0079] It should be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0080] The technicians in the relevant field can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example for illustration. In practical applications, the above-mentioned function allocation can be completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiment can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above-mentioned system can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0081] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0082] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a solar power generation component, characterized in that: include: Constructing a plurality of perovskite devices on a substrate; wherein the perovskite device comprises a light absorption region and a functional region, the light absorption region is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, the functional region comprises a bus electrode, and the bus electrode is electrically connected to the light absorption region to collect the electrical energy; Laminating a cover plate to the surface of each of the perovskite devices; The substrate and the cover plate are cut to obtain a plurality of solar power generation modules; the solar power generation module comprises a sub-substrate, the perovskite device and a sub-cover plate which are stacked in sequence; the sub-substrate is obtained by cutting the substrate, and the sub-cover plate is obtained by cutting the cover plate.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The functional area further includes a positioning structure located on the substrate, and the positioning structure is used to position each of the perovskite devices.

3. A method for preparing a perovskite device, characterized in that: include: constructing a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer on the substrate respectively; Wherein, the first electrode layer comprises a first bus electrode layer and a second bus electrode layer which are sequentially arranged along the first direction in the functional area, and a first light absorption electrode layer, a plurality of second light absorption electrode layers and a third light absorption electrode layer which are sequentially arranged along the first direction in the light absorption area; the first light absorption electrode layer is connected to the first bus electrode layer, and the third light absorption electrode layer is connected to the second bus electrode layer; the second electrode layer forms a positioning structure; the first direction is parallel to the substrate; A plurality of light absorbing units are sequentially arranged on each light absorbing electrode layer at intervals along the first direction; Wherein, at least one of the light absorption units is in contact with the surfaces of two adjacent light absorption electrode layers away from the substrate respectively; the light absorption unit comprises a first side wall and a second side wall arranged opposite to each other along the first direction and a third side wall and a fourth side wall arranged opposite to each other along a second direction, the second direction is parallel to the substrate and perpendicular to the first direction, and the light absorption region and the functional region are arranged in sequence along the second direction; A third electrode layer is constructed on a surface of the first bus electrode layer away from the substrate; the first bus electrode layer, the second bus electrode layer and the third electrode layer are used to form a bus electrode; Constructing a plurality of fourth electrode layers and a plurality of fifth electrode layers on the surface of each of the light absorbing units; Among them, one light absorption unit corresponds to one fourth electrode layer and one fifth electrode layer, the fourth electrode layer is located on the side of the corresponding light absorption unit away from the substrate, the fifth electrode layer covers the first side wall or the fourth side wall of the corresponding light absorption unit, and the fourth electrode layer is connected to the second light absorption electrode layer or to the third electrode layer through the corresponding fifth electrode layer.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of respectively constructing a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer on the substrate comprises: forming a first material layer on the substrate; The first material layer is patterned and etched to obtain the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The light absorbing unit comprises a first transmission layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer and a second transmission layer which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the substrate, and the first transmission layer is also in contact with the substrate to fill the gap between the light absorbing electrode layers.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surface of the second electrode layer on the side away from the substrate is provided with the first transmission layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and the second transmission layer stacked in sequence, and the second electrode layer and the first transmission layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and the second transmission layer on the second electrode layer are used to form a positioning structure.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plurality of light absorbing units arranged sequentially and spaced apart along the first direction are constructed on the first light absorbing electrode layer, the second light absorbing electrode layer and the third light absorbing electrode layer, comprising: sequentially forming a second material layer, a third material layer and a fourth material layer on the substrate, a surface of the first electrode layer on a side away from the substrate and the second electrode layer; The fourth material layer, the third material layer and the second material layer are pattern-etched in sequence to form a plurality of the light absorption units and the positioning structure.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bus electrode further includes a sixth electrode layer located on a surface of the second bus electrode layer away from the substrate, and the positioning structure further includes a seventh electrode layer located on a surface of the second transmission layer away from the substrate.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The third electrode layer is constructed on the surface of the first bus electrode layer away from the substrate, and the plurality of fourth electrode layers and the plurality of fifth electrode layers are respectively constructed on the surface of each of the light absorption units, including: forming a fifth material layer covering the light absorption region and the functional region; The fifth material layer is pattern-etched to obtain the third electrode layer, the fourth electrode layer, the fifth electrode layer, the sixth electrode layer and the seventh electrode layer.

10. A solar power generation assembly, characterized in that: include: A sub-substrate, a perovskite device and a sub-cover plate are stacked in sequence; wherein the perovskite device includes a light absorption area and a functional area, the light absorption area is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and the functional area includes a bus electrode, and the bus electrode is electrically connected to the light absorption area to collect the electrical energy.

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