Alfalfa field weed ecological prevention and control method based on integration of water and fertilizer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of ecological weed prevention and control, and particularly relates to an alfalfa field weed ecological prevention and control method based on water and fertilizer integration. The alfalfa field weed ecological prevention and control method based on water and fertilizer integration comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a planting field, performing deep ploughing and soil preparation on the planting field, and spreading a base fertilizer; s2, after the sowing time is adjusted, manual drilling, soil covering and root fixing water pouring are conducted; s3, soil water content is controlled in each growth period, and watering and disease control are carried out; s4, after the field is cleaned, reasonable fertilization and mowing are carried out. According to the alfalfa field weed ecological prevention and control method based on water and fertilizer integration, by adopting the alfalfa field weed ecological prevention and control technology based on water and fertilizer integration, the occurrence rate of weeds in an alfalfa field can be remarkably reduced, the yield and quality of alfalfa are improved, the hay yield is improved by 25.89% compared with that of traditional agricultural measures, the application value is high, and the prospect is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ecological weed control, and in particular relates to an ecological weed control method for alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration. Background Art

[0002] Alfalfa is a kind of leguminous forage widely planted in the world. Like agricultural crops, forage production is also threatened by weeds, and its weed control is often more complicated. Weeds not only often lead to a significant reduction in production or failure of establishment, but also enter the grass product with the harvest of forage vegetative bodies, affecting the quality of forage and the productivity of herbivorous livestock. Unlike staple crops, the use of lethal weed control methods in forage fields is often neither economical nor environmentally friendly. Therefore, ecological control technologies aimed at reducing the competitive growth of weeds have greater demand potential and application prospects in forage production. The growth of weeds in alfalfa fields mainly depends on field cultivation measures, especially under high-intensity harvesting conditions of alfalfa, and reasonable fertilization plays an important role in yield and quality. Controlling fertilizer release stratification and side application can promote wheat's absorption of nitrogen fertilizer and effectively improve fertilizer utilization. Therefore, a reasonable fertilization depth is of great significance to improving fertilizer utilization and promoting green production.

[0003] In summary, it has become an urgent problem to be solved by exploring the optimal fertilization depth and irrigation amount of alfalfa under groundwater-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation to carry out ecological control of weeds in alfalfa fields. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological weed control method for alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for ecological prevention and control of weeds in an alfalfa field based on water-fertilizer integration is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, selecting a planting site, deep plowing and land preparation on the planting site and spreading basal fertilizer;

[0008] S2. Adjust the sowing period and then carry out artificial drilling, cover the soil and water the roots;

[0009] S3. Control soil moisture content during each growth period, carry out watering and disease prevention;

[0010] S4. After cleaning the field, apply fertilizer and mow appropriately.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the depth of deep tillage is 30-40 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the base fertilizer includes diammonium phosphate, which is applied once before sowing, with an application rate of 300 kg / hm2 per year. 2 .

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the adjusting the sowing period includes sowing in the face of frost and sowing in the rainy season.

[0014] Furthermore, the top sowing includes germination and emergence at a soil temperature of 6 to 10°C.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S2, the artificial strip sowing divides the planting site into a plurality of cells, each cell has an area of ​​3m×5m, and the interval between cells is 0.5m.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S2, the fertilization depth of the artificial drill seeding is 15 cm, and the alfalfa seeding rate is 22.5 kg / hm 2 .

[0017] Furthermore, in step S4, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the reasonable fertilization is 1-3:5-7:5-7, preferably 1:3:5.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S3, the watering amount is 500 mm.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0020] The embodiment of the present invention provides an ecological weed control method for alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration, which optimizes the traditional planting method, is easy to operate, reduces the input of fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, and manpower, liberates part of the productivity, and has a good weed control effect on alfalfa fields. By adopting the ecological weed control technology for alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration of the present invention, the incidence of weeds in alfalfa fields can be significantly reduced, the yield and quality of alfalfa can be improved, and the hay yield can be increased by 25.89% compared with traditional agronomic measures, with high application value and broad prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0022] Figure 1a The effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on the fresh weight of crabgrass provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 1b The effects of different fertilization depths and sowing rates on the fresh weight of barnyard grass provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 The effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on alfalfa hay yield provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 The effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on the crude protein content of alfalfa provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 The effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on the phosphorus content of alfalfa provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 The effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on the relative feeding value of alfalfa provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6a The effects of different fertilization depths and irrigation amounts on the fresh weight of crabgrass provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6b The effects of different fertilization depths and irrigation amounts on the fresh weight of barnyard grass provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is the effect of different fertilization depths and irrigation amounts on alfalfa hay yield provided in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor of this case has proposed the technical solution of the present invention after long-term research and extensive practice. The technical solution, its implementation process and principle will be further explained as follows.

[0032] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the examples provided are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples provided below can be used as a guide for further improvements by those of ordinary skill in the art, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention in any way.

[0033] The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention provides an ecological weed control method for alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1, selecting a planting site, deep plowing and land preparation on the planting site and spreading basal fertilizer;

[0036] S2. Adjust the sowing period and then carry out artificial drilling, cover the soil and water the roots;

[0037] S3. Control soil moisture content during each growth period, carry out watering and disease prevention;

[0038] S4. After cleaning the field, apply fertilizer and mow appropriately.

[0039] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, it is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0040] Example 1 Effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on alfalfa and weeds

[0041] A. Natural profile of the experimental site: The experimental site of this study is located in the Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province (36°26′22"N, 120°04′43″E). The region has a warm temperate monsoon climate. Although there is no extreme summer heat, there is a severe winter. The average annual temperature is 12.3℃, the average annual precipitation is about 706.5mm, the average annual pressure is 1008.7MPa, the annual frost-free period is 210d, and the annual sunshine duration is 2708h. The soil type of the experimental site is loam, with a field water holding capacity of 19.17% and a soil bulk density of 1.52g / cm 3 The organic matter content is 15.7g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.58g / kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.97g / kg, the ammonium nitrogen content is 19.09mg / kg, the nitrate nitrogen content is 9.65mg / kg, the available phosphorus content is 55.3mg / kg, the available potassium content is 75.2mg / kg, and the pH value is 5.89.

[0042] B. Test materials: Alfalfa variety: Zhongmu No. 3, sourced from Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd.; Test fertilizer: diammonium phosphate: N-P2O5-K2O: 18-46-0.

[0043] C. Experimental design: This experiment adopted a two-factor randomized block design. According to the alfalfa field production, three fertilization depth treatments (F1: 0cm, F2: 15cm, F3: 30cm) and three seeding rate treatments (H1: 15kg / hm 2 、H2:22.5kg / hm 2 、H3:30kg / hm 2 The fertilizer used was diammonium phosphate, which was applied once before sowing and during the next year's greening period, with an application rate of 300 kg / hm2 per year. 2 ), each experimental treatment was repeated 4 times, with a total of 36 plots (Table 1).

[0044] Table 1. Experimental design of the effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on alfalfa and weeds

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] D. Index determination and methods

[0048] Weed survey in alfalfa field: After sowing, a 1m 2 Sample plots are used to observe the occurrence of weeds. When harvesting alfalfa, the height and coverage of weeds in fixed sample plots are measured, and then the fresh weight of weeds in all mowed sample plots is measured.

[0049] Production performance index determination: Yield: The sample method is used for determination. At the initial flowering stage of alfalfa (with about 10% of the alfalfa field blooming as the standard), 1m 2 Three alfalfa plots with uniform growth were randomly selected in each plot, and 5 cm stubble was left for measuring fresh grass yield; another 200 g of fresh alfalfa was taken back to the laboratory and withered in an oven at 105°C for 30 min, then dried at 65°C to constant weight for hay yield measurement, and fresh-to-dry ratio and hay yield were calculated.

[0050] Nutritional quality determination: Crude protein (CP) content determination: After the crushed alfalfa sample is passed through a 60-mesh sieve, 10 mg of the sample is taken out in a tin foil boat and the total nitrogen content is determined using an elemental analyzer. The crude protein content is then calculated by multiplying the total nitrogen content by a coefficient of 6.25.

[0051] Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content determination: using ANKOM2000i automatic fiber analyzer.

[0052] Relative feeding value (RFV): RFV = (120 / NDF) × (88.9-0.779 × ADF) / 1.29.

[0053] DMI (Dry Matter Intake, %) is dry matter intake; DDM (Digestible Dry Matter, %) is digestible dry matter; RFV (Relative Feeding Value) is relative feeding value.

[0054] DMI=120 / NDF

[0055] DDM=88.9-0.779×ADF

[0056] RFV=DMI×DDM / 1.29

[0057] Determination of phosphorus content in alfalfa: Plant samples were digested using the H2SO4-H2O2 method and then determined using a fully automatic flow analyzer.

[0058] E. Data processing: Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to organize the data, SPSS19.0 was used for univariate and multifactor analysis of variance, and the Duncan method was used for multiple comparisons. All data were expressed as mean ± standard error, P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference, and P < 0.01 indicated an extremely significant difference. Excel 2010 and SigmaPlot 12.5 were used for graphing.

[0059] FIG1 shows the effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on the fresh weight of crabgrass and barnyard grass provided in Example 1; Figure 2 The effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on alfalfa hay yield provided in Example 1; Figure 3 The effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on the crude protein content of alfalfa provided in Example 1; Figure 4 The effects of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on the phosphorus content of alfalfa provided in Example 1; Figure 5 This is the effect of different fertilization depths and seeding rates on the relative feeding value of alfalfa provided in Example 1.

[0060] Example 2 Effects of different fertilization depths and irrigation amounts on alfalfa and weeds in a potted water-fertilizer integration experiment

[0061] F. Natural profile of the experimental site: This study was conducted in the Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of the Yellow River Delta of Qingdao Agricultural University, State Forestry and Grassland Administration. The diameter of the experimental pot was 34 cm and the height was 46 cm. The soil used in the experiment was collected from the 0-20 cm tillage layer soil of the experimental field of the Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Qingdao Agricultural University (36°26′22"N, 120°04′43″E). The soil type of the site is loam, the soil bulk density is 1.42 g / cm3, and the basic properties of the 0-20 cm tillage layer soil are pH 5.89 (soil-water ratio 1:2.5), organic matter content is 15.7 g / kg, total nitrogen content is 0.58 g / kg, total phosphorus content is 0.97 g / kg, ammonium nitrogen content is 19.09 mg / kg, nitrate nitrogen content is 9.65 mg / kg, available phosphorus content is 55.3 mg / kg, and available potassium content is 75.2 mg / kg.

[0062] G. Test materials: alfalfa varieties and test fertilizers are the same as those in Example 1.

[0063] H. Experimental design: The experimental material is alfalfa Zhongmu No. 3. The experiment adopts a two-factor completely randomized design. The water is divided into three irrigation amounts W1, W2, and W3, which are 375mm, 500mm, and 625mm respectively. Among them, the irrigation amount of 500mm is the regular irrigation amount, 375mm is deficit irrigation, and 625mm is over-irrigation. The fertilization depth is divided into three depth gradients F1, F2, and F3, which are surface fertilization, 15cm depth fertilization, and 30cm depth fertilization, and the fertilization amount is 300kg / km2 There were 9 treatments with 4 replicates and 36 pots in total. The scheme is detailed in Table 2.

[0064] Table 2. Experimental design of the effect of fertilization depth and irrigation amount on alfalfa and weeds in the potted water-fertilizer integration experiment

[0065] Table 2. Experimental design

[0066]

[0067] J. Index determination and methods

[0068] Determination of fresh weight of weeds: On January 20, 2021, March 16, 2021, May 3, 2021, and June 9, 2021, during the alfalfa mowing period, weeds were separated, the types of weeds in each pot were counted, and their fresh weight was weighed using an electronic balance.

[0069] Production performance index determination: At the early flowering stage (about 10% flowering), all alfalfa plants in the flower pot were cut, and the stubble height was about 5 cm. The fresh grass yield was measured using an electronic balance; then the fresh grass sample was placed in an oven at 105°C for 30 minutes, and then dried at 65°C to constant weight to calculate the fresh-to-dry ratio and hay yield (kg / hm2). 2 ).

[0070] FIG6 shows the effects of different fertilization depths and irrigation amounts on the fresh weight of crabgrass and barnyard grass provided in Example 2, wherein the fresh weight of crabgrass and barnyard grass was significantly reduced when fertilization was applied at a depth of 15 cm and irrigation was 500 mm, and the fresh weight of crabgrass was reduced by 40.72% compared with the case where fertilization was applied at a depth of 15 cm and irrigation was 375 mm. Figure 7 The effects of different fertilization depths and irrigation amounts on alfalfa hay yields provided in Example 2 are shown in Table 2. Under the conditions of integrated water-fertilizer drip irrigation in potted plants, fertilization at a depth of 15 cm and an irrigation amount of 500 mm can significantly increase alfalfa hay yields, which is 25.89% higher than that when fertilization at the surface and an irrigation amount of 500 mm. 2 and 30kg / hm 2 Under the treatment, the fresh weight of crabgrass and barnyard grass in alfalfa fields decreased significantly (Figure 1). The annual hay yield was the highest at 9417 kg / hm2, an increase of 13.72% compared with F1H2 ( Figure 2 ), alfalfa crude protein content ( Figure 3 ), phosphorus content ( Figure 4 ) and relative feeding value ( Figure 5 ) significantly improved.

[0071] The embodiments described above are only for illustrating the preferred implementation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several improvements can be made without departing from the scope of protection of this patent, and these improvements should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A method for ecological prevention and control of weeds in alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, selecting a planting site, deep plowing and land preparation on the planting site and spreading basal fertilizer; S2. Adjust the sowing period and then carry out artificial drilling, cover the soil and water the roots; S3. Control soil moisture content during each growth period, carry out watering and disease prevention; S4. After cleaning the field, apply fertilizer and mow appropriately.

2. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the depth of deep tillage is 30-40 cm.

3. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the base fertilizer includes diammonium phosphate, which is applied once before sowing, with an application rate of 300 kg / hm2 per year. 2 .

4. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the adjusting the sowing period includes sowing in the face of frost and sowing in the rainy season.

5. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top sowing includes germination and emergence of seedlings at a soil temperature of 6 to 10°C.

6. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the artificial strip sowing divides the planting site into a plurality of cells, each cell has an area of ​​3m×5m, and the interval between cells is 0.5m.

7. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the fertilization depth of the artificial drill seeding is 15 cm, and the alfalfa seeding rate is 22.5 kg / hm 2 .

8. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the reasonable fertilization is 1-3:5-7:5-7.

9. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the reasonable fertilization is 1:5:

5.

10. The method for ecological weed control in alfalfa fields based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the watering amount is 450-550 mm.

Images