Three-dimensional compound planting method for pumpkins and corn

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional compound planting method for pumpkins and corn. The three-dimensional compound planting method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) variety selection; (2) land selection; (3) soil preparation and fertilization; (4) sowing; (5) checking and releasing the seedlings; (6) plant adjustment; (7) pollinating; (8) water and fertilizer management; (9) disease and pest control; (10) harvesting. And (11) straw treatment. The pumpkin and corn three-dimensional composite planting mode is adopted, the land utilization rate can be effectively increased, light energy and space resources can be better utilized, the yield increasing effect of crop side row advantages is fully played, double yield increasing and double income increasing of pumpkins and corn are achieved, and the purposes that one field has multiple purposes, one field has multiple harvests, and one field has more'gold 'are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and more particularly to a three-dimensional composite planting method of pumpkin and corn. Background Art

[0002] Intercropping is to use the spatial structure principle of the community to rationally arrange the crop groups so that the crops are arranged in layers and rows, thereby improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crops and increasing the utilization rate of light energy. In addition, intercropping can also adjust the field structure so that the crops can use light energy alternately in layers and at different times, further improving the efficiency of light energy utilization.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of efficient agriculture, intercropping of crops has become more diverse. However, the crops used in the current intercropping methods are mainly common grains, and the overall benefits are not high. Moreover, the reserved space is idle in winter, resulting in a waste of land resources. In addition, the crops cannot affect each other and cannot promote yield increase.

[0004] Therefore, how to develop a new intercropping method to increase crop yield is an urgent problem that technicians in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn to solve the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Variety selection

[0009] Pumpkin seeds should be high-quality varieties that are resistant to virus diseases and powdery mildew, and corn seeds should be high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant, and insect-resistant varieties;

[0010] (2) Site selection

[0011] Choose sandy loam or loam soil with flat terrain, deep soil, good fertility and loose soil;

[0012] (3) Land preparation and fertilization

[0013] Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer, deep plowing and land preparation after fertilization;

[0014] (4) Seeding

[0015] In early to mid-April, pumpkins are sown; in early to mid-May, corn is sown;

[0016] (5) Checking and releasing seedlings

[0017] During the emergence stage of corn, break the film to ventilate and cool down; when the pumpkin grows 3 to 4 true leaves, remove the small and weak seedlings and leave one strong seedling in each hole;

[0018] (6) Plant adjustment

[0019] The pumpkin should be pruned 2-3 times during the entire growth period. Prune the single vine, and do not prune before the vines extend. When the main vines extend to 50-60cm, prune the vines perpendicular to the film surface and press the vines to fix them.

[0020] (7) Pollination

[0021] Pumpkins are naturally insect and wind pollinated, or bees are placed for pollination;

[0022] (8) Water and fertilizer management

[0023] Use drip irrigation for irrigation. When the main vine of pumpkin stretches to 30cm, water the vine once and apply compound fertilizer with the water. Water the pumpkin once on the 5th and 15th days after fruit setting, and apply compound fertilizer with the water each time. The jointing, trumpeting and tasseling stages of corn are the peak periods for water and fertilizer demand. Sufficient water and fertilizer should be provided to lay the foundation for high corn yield.

[0024] (9) Disease and pest control

[0025] Corn bollworm and corn borer are controlled by hanging sex attractants and releasing trichogrammatids; pumpkin virus disease, pumpkin powdery mildew and pumpkin aphids are controlled by chemical methods;

[0026] (10) Harvest

[0027] Pumpkin: 40-45 days after flowering, the fruit skin becomes hard and shows its inherent color, the fruit surface is covered with wax powder, the fruit stalk turns yellow-brown and cracks appear, then it can be harvested;

[0028] Fresh corn: harvest when the moisture content of the kernel reaches 60% to 65%, or when the kernel just becomes hard and has white latex when pinched with fingernails after breaking the husk, or harvest after checking the maturity of the ear 24 days after the corn begins to shed powder and silk;

[0029] Grain corn: harvest 10-15 days after the milk line disappears and when the moisture content is no more than 25%;

[0030] (11) Straw treatment

[0031] The corn stalks are baled, and the remaining corn stubble and pumpkin vines are crushed and returned to the field.

[0032] Furthermore, in the above step (1), the pumpkin seeds have a cleanliness of more than 97%, a purity of more than 95%, a germination rate of more than 85%, and a moisture content of less than 8%;

[0033] The purity of corn seeds should be above 98%, above 90%, above 85%, and the moisture content should be below 14%. It is best to buy coated seeds.

[0034] Furthermore, in the above step (2), the previous crop of the selected land is non-Cucurbitaceae crops.

[0035] Furthermore, in the above step (3), the amount of organic fertilizer used is 2 to 3 tons per mu; the deep plowing depth is 30 to 40 cm; and the land preparation is specifically as follows: land preparation is started in spring when the locomotive can enter the land, and the land is cut and framed before being plowed with a large-scale machine, the rotary tillage depth is 15 to 20 cm, and a residual film recovery machine is used to clean up the previous crop straw, residual film and drip irrigation tape and other debris that affect the sowing of pumpkins and corn, and the land preparation meets the six standards of even, flat, loose, broken, clean and moist, so that the edges and corners of the plot are flat, there are no overhead dark ridges, the upper part is loose and the lower part is solid, there is no missed plowing or harrowing, the plot is clean and tidy, and it is ready for sowing.

[0036] Furthermore, in the above step (4), the pumpkin sowing is specifically as follows: when the average ground temperature at 5 to 10 cm is stable at above 10° C. for 5 consecutive days, a pumpkin sowing machine capable of completing operations such as sowing, laying drip irrigation tape, covering film, and pressing soil on the film at one time is used to sow the pumpkin, with a 1.45 m film, a row spacing of (50+250) cm, a plant spacing of 40 cm, 1112 holes per mu, 2 seeds per hole, a sowing depth of 3 to 5 cm, and a covering soil of 1 to 2 cm. Seed fertilizer is used during sowing, and the seed fertilizer is separated, and 20 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied per mu;

[0037] The specific steps of sowing corn are as follows: corn is sown on the outside of two rows of pumpkins on the ground film using a hand-push seeder, with a corn plant spacing of 18 cm, a wide-narrow row spacing of (110+190) cm, 2470 holes per mu, 1 seed per hole, a sowing depth of 3 to 4 cm, and 1.5 cm of soil covering.

[0038] Furthermore, in the above step (6), when pruning the vine, all the side branches and buds sprouting from the axils of the main vine are simultaneously removed, and the lower leaves are removed. After the second melon is planted, 6 to 8 leaves are left and the growth point of the main vine is removed.

[0039] Furthermore, in the above step (7), the density of bees is 2 boxes / hm2. 2 .

[0040] Furthermore, in the above step (8), irrigation should be avoided in windy weather to prevent corn from lodging; 10 kg / mu of compound fertilizer should be applied with water; 10-15 kg / mu of compound fertilizer should be applied with water each time.

[0041] Furthermore, in the above step (9), pumpkin diseases mainly include viral diseases and powdery mildew, and insect pests include aphids, etc. Corn insect pests mainly include cotton bollworm and corn borer, etc. Disease and insect pest control follows the principle of "prevention first, integrated control", based on agricultural control, with physical control as an important means, combined with chemical control, to effectively control the occurrence of pumpkin and corn diseases and insect pests. Chemical control should use high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides, do not use national banned pesticides, and use drones for spraying.

[0042] The prevention and control method of pumpkin virus disease is: use 500 times diluted 20% morpholinoguanidine hydrochloride wettable powder, or 1000 times diluted 1.5% phytopathogen emulsion, or 1000 times diluted 5% amino oligosaccharide for spraying;

[0043] The control method of pumpkin powdery mildew is: spray 3000-4000 times of 5% azoxystrobin water dispersible granules, 1500 times of 15% triadimefon wettable powder, or 5000 times of 43% tebuconazole suspension for control;

[0044] The method for prevention and control of pumpkin aphids is: use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000-2000 times diluted, or 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules 5000-10000 times diluted for spraying.

[0045] Furthermore, in the above step (11), the baling equipment is a corn stalk baler; and the crushing and returning equipment is a stubble crushing and returning machine.

[0046] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0047] 1. The present invention implements interplanting of pumpkin and corn, which can not only improve the field microenvironment, improve the utilization efficiency of crop light, heat, water and gas, increase the multiple cropping index, and improve land utilization rate, but also the pumpkin uses tall corn as a barrier to avoid strong sunlight, reduce the occurrence of sunburn, ensure quality and taste, and increase pumpkin yield instead of decreasing. Although the number of corn plants has decreased, the field ventilation and light transmittance have been greatly improved because of the reduction of diseases and insect pests, and the single plant yield has been increased. Interplanting pumpkin and corn is of great significance to breaking through the traditional crop planting model, comprehensively and effectively utilizing natural resources, improving resource output rate and utilization rate, increasing the value of cultivated land per unit area, increasing farmers' income, and realizing the sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0048] 2. The present invention adopts a three-dimensional composite planting mode of pumpkin and corn. First, it can make full use of space, strengthen photosynthesis, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crop group, promote the increase of stress resistance of the crop group, and reduce the probability of disease and insect pests; second, it is conducive to the lateral and longitudinal growth of the two crops. The pumpkin fruit expands to maturity, and the corn grows vigorously. The pumpkin fruiting part is shaded, which avoids strong light from directly shining on the pumpkin fruit, reduces pumpkin sunburn, and reduces rotten melons, thereby improving the yield and quality of pumpkin; third, while improving land utilization, it can give full play to the yield-increasing effect of the edge row advantage of crops. Therefore, the planting mode of pumpkin and corn interplanting realizes the full utilization of heat, light, water and land resources in space and time, and is a high-output, high-input, and high-efficiency composite planting mode.

[0049] 3. The present invention adopts a three-dimensional composite planting method of pumpkin and corn, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of land, better utilize light energy and space resources, give full play to the yield-increasing effect of the edge row advantages of crops, achieve double increase in pumpkin and corn production and double increase in income, and achieve multiple uses of one field, multiple harvests from one land, and more "gold" from one land. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The pumpkin and corn three-dimensional composite planting method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0053] (1) Variety selection

[0054] Pumpkins should be high-quality varieties that are resistant to virus diseases and powdery mildew and suitable for planting in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Seed purity should be above 97%, purity should be above 95%, germination rate should be above 85%, and moisture content should be less than 8%.

[0055] Corn seeds should be selected from the main varieties of high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties that are suitable for the local ecological environment of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and approved by the state. The seed purity should be above 98%, purity should be above 90%, germination rate should be above 85%, and moisture content should be less than 14%.

[0056] (2) Site selection

[0057] Choose flat terrain, deep soil, good fertility, loose sandy loam, and the previous crop is non-cucurbitaceous crops;

[0058] (3) Land preparation and fertilization

[0059] Apply 2 tons of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and turn the soil 30cm deep after fertilization. When the locomotive can enter the land in spring, start land preparation. After cutting and framing the land, use large machinery to plow the land. The rotary tillage depth is 15cm. Use a residual film recycling machine to clean the previous crop straw, residual film and drip irrigation belt. The land preparation should meet the six standards of even, flat, loose, broken, clean and moist, so that the edges and corners of the plot are flat, there are no overhead dark ridges, the upper part is loose and the lower part is solid, there is no missed plowing or harrowing, and the plot is clean and ready for sowing;

[0060] (4) Seeding

[0061] In early to mid-April, when the average ground temperature at 5-10cm is stable above 10℃ for 5 consecutive days, pumpkins are sown with a special pumpkin seeder, 1.45m mulch, wide and narrow row spacing (50+250)cm, plant spacing 40cm, 1112 holes per mu, 2 seeds per hole, 3cm sowing depth, 1cm soil covering, seed fertilizer with seed fertilizer, and separate seed fertilizer, 20kg diammonium phosphate per mu;

[0062] In early to mid-May, corn was sown with a hand-push seeder outside two rows of pumpkins on the mulch film. The corn plant spacing was 18 cm, and the row spacing was (110+190) cm. There were 2470 holes per mu, 1 seed per hole, 3 cm sowing depth, and 1.5 cm soil covering.

[0063] (5) Checking and releasing seedlings

[0064] Break the film in time to ventilate and cool down corn seedlings during the emergence period; when pumpkin grows to 3 true leaves, remove small and weak seedlings and leave 1 strong seedling in each hole;

[0065] (6) Plant adjustment

[0066] The pumpkin is pruned twice during the entire growth period. Prune the single vine twice. Do not prune before the vine stretches. When the main vine stretches to 50cm, prune the vine perpendicular to the film surface and press the vine to fix it. When pruning the vine, remove all the side branches and buds sprouting in the axils of the main vine, and remove the lower leaves. After the second fruit is planted, leave 6 leaves and remove the growth point of the main vine.

[0067] (7) Pollination

[0068] The pumpkins are naturally insect and wind pollinated;

[0069] (8) Water and fertilizer management

[0070] Use drip irrigation for irrigation. When the main vine of pumpkin stretches to 30cm, water the vine once, and apply 10kg of compound fertilizer per mu with the water; 5 days and 15 days after fruit setting, water the pumpkin once, and apply 10kg of compound fertilizer per mu each time; give corn enough water and fertilizer during the jointing, trumpeting and tasseling stages;

[0071] (9) Disease and pest control

[0072] Corn bollworm and corn borer are controlled by hanging sex attractants and releasing trichogramma. Pumpkin virus disease is controlled by spraying 500 times diluted 20% morpholinoguanidine hydrochloride wettable powder. Pumpkin powdery mildew is controlled by spraying 4000 times diluted 5% azoxystrobin water dispersible granules. Pumpkin aphids are controlled by spraying 2000 times diluted 10% imidacloprid wettable powder.

[0073] (10) Harvest

[0074] Pumpkin: 40-45 days after flowering, the fruit skin becomes hard and shows its inherent color, the fruit surface is covered with wax powder, the fruit stalk turns yellow-brown and cracks appear, then it can be harvested;

[0075] Fresh corn: harvest when the moisture content of the kernel reaches 60% to 65%;

[0076] Grain corn: harvest 10-15 days after the milk line disappears and when the moisture content is no more than 25%;

[0077] (11) Straw treatment

[0078] A corn straw baler is used to pack the corn straw, and the remaining corn stubble and pumpkin vines are crushed and returned to the field using a stubble crusher.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] The pumpkin and corn three-dimensional composite planting method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0081] (1) Variety selection

[0082] Pumpkins should be high-quality varieties that are resistant to virus diseases and powdery mildew and suitable for planting in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Seed purity should be above 97%, purity should be above 95%, germination rate should be above 85%, and moisture content should be less than 8%.

[0083] Corn seeds should be selected from the main varieties of high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties that are suitable for the local ecological environment of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and approved by the state. The seed purity should be above 98%, purity should be above 90%, germination rate should be above 85%, and moisture content should be less than 14%.

[0084] (2) Site selection

[0085] Choose flat terrain, deep soil, good fertility, loose sandy loam, and the previous crop is non-cucurbitaceous crops;

[0086] (3) Land preparation and fertilization

[0087] Apply 2.5 tons of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and turn the soil 35cm deep after fertilization. When the locomotive can enter the land in spring, start land preparation. After cutting and framing the land, use large machinery to plow the land. The rotary tillage depth is 18cm. Use a residual film recycling machine to clean the previous crop straw, residual film and drip irrigation belt. The land preparation should meet the six standards of even, flat, loose, broken, clean and moist, so that the edges and corners of the plot are flat, there are no overhead dark ridges, the upper part is loose and the lower part is solid, there is no missed plowing or harrowing, and the plot is clean and ready for sowing;

[0088] (4) Seeding

[0089] In early to mid-April, when the average ground temperature at 5-10cm is stable above 10℃ for 5 consecutive days, pumpkins are sown with a special pumpkin seeder, 1.45m mulch, wide and narrow row spacing (50+250)cm, plant spacing 40cm, 1112 holes per mu, 2 seeds per hole, 4cm sowing depth, 1.5cm soil covering, seed fertilizer with seed fertilizer, and separate seed fertilizer, 20kg diammonium phosphate per mu;

[0090] In early to mid-May, corn was sown on the outside of two rows of pumpkins on the mulch with a hand-push seeder. The corn plant spacing was 18 cm, and the row spacing was (110+190) cm. There were 2470 holes per mu, 1 seed per hole, 3.5 cm sowing depth, and 1.5 cm soil covering.

[0091] (5) Checking and releasing seedlings

[0092] Break the film in time to ventilate and cool down corn seedlings during the emergence period; when pumpkin grows to 3 true leaves, remove small and weak seedlings, leaving 1 strong seedling in each hole;

[0093] (6) Plant adjustment

[0094] The pumpkin is pruned twice during the entire growth period. Prune the single vine twice. Do not prune before the vine stretches. When the main vine stretches to 55cm, prune the vine perpendicular to the film surface and press the vine to fix it. When pruning the vine, remove all the side branches and buds sprouting in the axils of the main vine, and remove the lower leaves. After the second fruit is planted, leave 7 leaves and remove the growth point of the main vine.

[0095] (7) Pollination

[0096] The pumpkins are naturally insect and wind pollinated;

[0097] (8) Water and fertilizer management

[0098] Use drip irrigation for irrigation. When the main vine of pumpkin stretches to 30cm, water the vine once, and apply 10kg of compound fertilizer per mu with the water; 5 and 15 days after fruit setting, water the pumpkin once, and apply 12kg of compound fertilizer per mu each time; give enough water and fertilizer during the jointing, trumpeting and tasseling stages of corn;

[0099] (9) Disease and pest control

[0100] Corn bollworm and corn borer are controlled by hanging sex attractants and releasing trichogramma. Pumpkin virus disease is controlled by spraying 1000 times diluted 1.5% phytopathogen emulsion. Pumpkin powdery mildew is controlled by spraying 1500 times diluted 15% triadimefon wettable powder. Pumpkin aphids are controlled by spraying 2000 times diluted 10% imidacloprid wettable powder.

[0101] (10) Harvest

[0102] Pumpkin: 40-45 days after flowering, the fruit skin becomes hard and shows its inherent color, the fruit surface is covered with wax powder, the fruit stalk turns yellow-brown and cracks appear, then it can be harvested;

[0103] Fresh corn: Harvest when the kernels just become hard and have white latex when you break open the husk and pinch them with your fingernails;

[0104] Grain corn: harvest 10-15 days after the milk line disappears and when the moisture content is no more than 25%;

[0105] (11) Straw treatment

[0106] A corn straw baler is used to pack the corn straw, and the remaining corn stubble and pumpkin vines are crushed and returned to the field using a stubble crusher.

[0107] Example 3

[0108] The pumpkin and corn three-dimensional composite planting method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0109] (1) Variety selection

[0110] Pumpkins should be high-quality varieties that are resistant to virus diseases and powdery mildew and suitable for planting in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Seed purity should be above 97%, purity should be above 95%, germination rate should be above 85%, and moisture content should be less than 8%.

[0111] Corn seeds should be selected from high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant and insect-resistant main varieties suitable for the local ecological environment of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and approved by the provincial government. Seed purity should be above 98%, purity should be above 90%, germination rate should be above 85%, and moisture content should be less than 14%.

[0112] (2) Site selection

[0113] Choose loamy land with flat terrain, deep soil, good fertility and loose soil, and the previous crop is non-cucurbitaceous crops;

[0114] (3) Land preparation and fertilization

[0115] Apply 3 tons of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and turn the soil 40cm deep after fertilization. When the locomotive can enter the land in spring, start land preparation. After cutting and framing the land, use large machinery to plow the land. The rotary tillage depth is 20cm. Use a residual film recycling machine to clean the previous crop straw, residual film and drip irrigation belt. The land preparation should meet the six standards of neat, flat, loose, broken, clean and moist, so that the edges and corners of the plot are flat, there are no overhead dark ridges, the upper part is loose and the lower part is solid, there is no missed plowing or harrowing, and the plot is clean and ready for sowing;

[0116] (4) Seeding

[0117] In early to mid-April, when the average ground temperature at 5-10cm is stable above 10℃ for 5 consecutive days, pumpkins are sown with a special pumpkin seeder, 1.45m mulch, wide and narrow row spacing (50+250)cm, plant spacing 40cm, 1112 holes per mu, 2 seeds per hole, 5cm sowing depth, 2cm soil covering, seed fertilizer with seed fertilizer, and separate seed fertilizer, 20kg diammonium phosphate per mu;

[0118] In early to mid-May, corn was sown on the outside of two rows of pumpkins on the mulch with a hand-push seeder. The corn plant spacing was 18 cm, and the row spacing was (110+190) cm. There were 2470 holes per mu, 1 seed per hole, 4 cm sowing depth, and 1.5 cm soil covering.

[0119] (5) Checking and releasing seedlings

[0120] Break the film in time to ventilate and cool down corn seedlings during the emergence period; when pumpkin grows to 4 true leaves, remove small and weak seedlings and leave one strong seedling in each hole;

[0121] (6) Plant adjustment

[0122] The pumpkin is pruned three times during the entire growth period. Prune the single vine, and do not prune before the vine stretches. When the main vine stretches to 60cm, prune the vine perpendicular to the film surface and press the vine to fix it. When pruning the vine, remove all the side branches and buds sprouting in the axils of the main vine, and remove the lower leaves. After the second fruit is planted, leave 8 leaves and remove the main vine growth point.

[0123] (7) Pollination

[0124] Pumpkins placed 2 boxes / hm 2 Bees do the pollination;

[0125] (8) Water and fertilizer management

[0126] Use drip irrigation for irrigation. When the main vine of pumpkin stretches to 30cm, water the vine once, and apply 10kg of compound fertilizer per mu with the water; 5 days and 15 days after fruit setting, water the pumpkin once, and apply 15kg of compound fertilizer per mu each time; give corn enough water and fertilizer during the jointing, trumpeting and tasseling stages;

[0127] (9) Disease and pest control

[0128] Corn bollworm and corn borer are controlled by hanging sex attractants and releasing trichogramma; pumpkin virus disease is controlled by spraying 5% amino oligosaccharide 1000 times diluted, pumpkin powdery mildew is controlled by spraying 43% tebuconazole suspension 5000 times diluted, and pumpkin aphids are controlled by spraying 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules 10000 times diluted;

[0129] (10) Harvest

[0130] Pumpkin: 40-45 days after flowering, the fruit skin becomes hard and shows its inherent color, the fruit surface is covered with wax powder, the fruit stalk turns yellow-brown and cracks appear, then it can be harvested;

[0131] Fresh corn: Check the maturity of the ears 24 days after the corn sheds its powder and silks, and then harvest it;

[0132] Grain corn: harvest 10-15 days after the milk line disappears and when the moisture content is no more than 25%;

[0133] (11) Straw treatment

[0134] A corn straw baler is used to pack the corn straw, and the remaining corn stubble and pumpkin vines are crushed and returned to the field using a stubble crusher.

[0135] Performance Testing

[0136] Referring to the planting method of Example 1, pumpkin (Silver Li Pumpkin) monoculture, fresh corn (Wannuo 2000) monoculture, grain corn (Xinyu 60) monoculture, pumpkin and fresh corn three-dimensional composite planting, and pumpkin and grain corn three-dimensional composite planting were carried out respectively, and their agronomic traits and planting costs were counted respectively.

[0137] The results are shown in Tables 1-4.

[0138] Table 1 Agronomic characteristics of pumpkin monoculture and its three-dimensional composite planting with fresh corn or grain corn

[0139]

[0140] As shown in Table 1, compared with pumpkin monoculture, after pumpkin and fresh corn or grain corn were planted in a three-dimensional composite manner, there were no significant changes in the number of fruits per plant, the horizontal diameter of a single pumpkin, the vertical diameter of a single pumpkin and the weight of a single old pumpkin, the sunburn rate was significantly reduced, and the yield per mu was significantly increased.

[0141] Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of fresh corn monoculture and its three-dimensional composite planting with pumpkin

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] As shown in Table 2, compared with fresh corn monoculture, the plant height, ear height, stem thickness, number of ear rows and number of kernels per row of fresh corn increased, the bald tip length decreased significantly, and the ear rate, ear length and 100-kernel weight increased significantly after pumpkin and fresh corn were planted in a three-dimensional composite manner.

[0145] Table 3 Agronomic characteristics of grain corn monoculture and its three-dimensional composite planting with pumpkin

[0146]

[0147] As shown in Table 3, compared with grain corn monoculture, the plant height, ear height, number of ear rows and number of grains per row of grain corn increased, the bald tip length decreased significantly, and the ear length and 100-grain weight increased significantly after pumpkin and grain corn were planted in a three-dimensional composite manner.

[0148] Table 4 Planting costs of monoculture and composite planting

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] Note: In the output value calculation of Table 4, pumpkin is 1.5 yuan / kg, fresh corn is 0.7 yuan / piece, and grain corn is 2.2 yuan / kg.

[0152] As shown in Table 4, compared with pumpkin monoculture, fresh corn monoculture and grain corn monoculture, the net income of three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and fresh corn or grain corn is significantly increased.

[0153] The above experiments show that the three-dimensional composite planting method of pumpkin and corn adopted in the present invention can effectively improve the utilization rate of land, better utilize light energy and space resources, give full play to the yield-increasing effect of the edge row advantages of crops, achieve double increase in pumpkin and corn production and double increase in income, and achieve multiple uses of one field, multiple harvests from one land, and more "gold" from one land.

[0154] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) Variety selection Pumpkin seeds should be high-quality varieties that are resistant to virus diseases and powdery mildew, and corn seeds should be high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant, and insect-resistant varieties; (2) Site selection Choose sandy loam or loam soil with flat terrain, deep soil, good fertility and loose soil; (3) Land preparation and fertilization Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer, deep plowing and land preparation after fertilization; (4) Seeding In early to mid-April, pumpkins are sown; in early to mid-May, corn is sown; (5) Checking and releasing seedlings During the emergence stage of corn, break the film to ventilate and cool down; when the pumpkin grows 3 to 4 true leaves, remove the small and weak seedlings and leave one strong seedling in each hole; (6) Plant adjustment The pumpkin should be pruned 2-3 times during the entire growth period. Prune the single vine, and do not prune before the vines extend. When the main vines extend to 50-60cm, prune the vines perpendicular to the film surface and press the vines to fix them. (7) Pollination Pumpkins are naturally insect and wind pollinated, or bees are placed for pollination; (8) Water and fertilizer management Use drip irrigation for irrigation. When the main vine of pumpkin stretches to 30cm, water the vine once and apply compound fertilizer with the water. Water the pumpkin once for swelling 5 and 15 days after fruit setting and apply compound fertilizer with the water each time. Give corn enough water and fertilizer during the jointing, trumpeting and tasseling stages. (9) Disease and pest control Corn bollworm and corn borer are controlled by hanging sex attractants and releasing trichogrammatids; pumpkin virus disease, pumpkin powdery mildew and pumpkin aphids are controlled by chemical methods; (10) Harvest Pumpkin: 40-45 days after flowering, the fruit skin becomes hard and shows its inherent color, the fruit surface is covered with wax powder, the fruit stalk turns yellow-brown and cracks appear, then it can be harvested; Fresh corn: harvest when the moisture content of the kernel reaches 60% to 65%, or when the kernel just becomes hard and has white latex when pinched with fingernails after breaking the husk, or harvest after checking the maturity of the ear 24 days after the corn begins to shed powder and silk; Grain corn: harvest 10-15 days after the milk line disappears and when the moisture content is no more than 25%; (11) Straw treatment The corn stalks are baled, and the remaining corn stubble and pumpkin vines are crushed and returned to the field.

2. The method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the pumpkin seeds have a cleanliness of more than 97%, a purity of more than 95%, a germination rate of more than 85%, and a moisture content of less than 8%; The corn seeds have a cleanliness of more than 98%, a purity of more than 90%, a germination rate of more than 85%, and a moisture content of less than 14%.

3. The method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the previous crop of the selected land is non-Cucurbitaceae crops.

4. The method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the amount of organic fertilizer used is 2 to 3 tons per mu; the depth of deep plowing is 30 to 40 cm; the land preparation is specifically as follows: land preparation is started when a locomotive can enter the land in spring, and the land is plowed with a large machine after cutting and framing the land, with a rotary tillage depth of 15 to 20 cm, and a residual film recovery machine is used to clean the previous crop straw, residual film and drip irrigation tape, so that the land preparation meets the six standards of even, flat, loose, broken, clean and moist, so that the edges and corners of the plot are flat, there are no overhead dark ridges, the upper part is loose and the lower part is solid, there is no missed plowing and missed harrowing, the plot is neat and tidy, and it reaches a state ready for sowing.

5. The method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the pumpkin sowing is specifically as follows: when the average ground temperature at 5 to 10 cm is stable at above 10° C. for 5 consecutive days, a pumpkin sowing machine is used to sow the pumpkin, 1.45 m of mulch film is used, the row spacing is (50+250) cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm, 1112 holes per mu, 2 seeds per hole, the sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm, the soil is covered with 1 to 2 cm, seed fertilizer is used during sowing, and the seed fertilizer is separated, and 20 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied per mu; The corn sowing method is as follows: corn is sown on the outside of two rows of pumpkins on the ground film using a hand-push seeder, with a corn plant spacing of 18 cm, a row spacing of (110+190) cm, 2470 holes per mu, one seed per hole, a sowing depth of 3-4 cm, and 1.5 cm of soil covering.

6. The method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), when pruning the vine, all the side branches and buds sprouting in the axils of the main vine are simultaneously removed, and the lower leaves are removed. After the second melon is established, 6 to 8 leaves are left and the growth point of the main vine is removed.

7. The method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the bees are placed at a density of 2 boxes / hm2. 2 .

8. The method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (8), 10 kg / mu of compound fertilizer is applied along with water; 10-15 kg / mu of compound fertilizer is applied along with water each time.

9. The method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (9), the method for preventing and controlling the pumpkin virus disease is: spraying 500 times of 20% morpholinoguanidine hydrochloride wettable powder, or 1000 times of 1.5% phytopathogen emulsion, or 1000 times of 5% amino oligosaccharide solution for prevention and control; The method for controlling pumpkin powdery mildew is: spraying 3000-4000 times of 5% azoxystrobin water dispersible granules, 1500 times of 15% triadimefon wettable powder, or 5000 times of 43% tebuconazole suspension for control; The control method of pumpkin aphids is: use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000-2000 times diluted, or 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules 5000-10000 times diluted for spraying.

10. The method for three-dimensional composite planting of pumpkin and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (11), the baling equipment is a corn stalk baler; and the crushing and returning equipment is a stubble crushing and returning machine.

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