Hammer crusher and crushing method

Abstract

The invention provides a hammer crusher and a crushing method, and relates to the technical field of material crushing, the hammer crusher comprises an intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system comprises a crushing parameter regulation and control analysis module, an energy-saving optimization module and a regulation and control execution module; the crushing parameter regulation and control analysis module analyzes the characteristic information of the to-be-crushed material to obtain crushing parameters; the energy-saving optimization module performs analysis according to historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation to obtain an energy-saving adjustment coefficient; and the regulation and control execution module automatically adjusts the rotating speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the breaking hammer by using the adjusted breaking parameters. Material characteristic information is obtained in real time through the material characteristic detection module, adaptive crushing parameters are calculated through the crushing parameter regulation and control analysis module, an energy-saving regulation coefficient obtained through the energy-saving optimization module is combined, and the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer are automatically regulated through the regulation and control execution module; accurate crushing can be carried out according to different material characteristics, and energy consumption is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material crushing, and in particular to a hammer crusher and a crushing method. Background Art

[0002] Hammer crusher is a machine that uses high-speed rotating hammers to impact materials and break them along fragile parts such as natural cracks, bedding surfaces and joints. It has the characteristics of high crushing ratio, large production capacity and uniform product particle size. It is widely used in building materials, chemical, electric power and other industrial sectors to crush limestone, coal, shale and other materials.

[0003] However, the traditional hammer crusher achieves crushing by impacting materials with a high-speed rotating hammer, but it has the following defects: 1. The crushing parameters (such as rotation speed and impact force) are fixed and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the hardness, humidity and particle distribution of the material, resulting in high energy consumption and easy equipment wear; 2. Lack of real-time energy consumption monitoring and optimization mechanism, energy waste is seriously detrimental to sustainable development.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a hammer crusher and a crushing method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a hammer crusher and a crushing method, which are used to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a hammer crusher, comprising a fixed frame, a fixed plate is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the fixed frame, a driving mechanism is installed on the upper end of the fixed plate, and a protective shell is fixedly connected to the other side of the upper end of the fixed frame, a feeding port is opened on one side of the upper end of the protective shell, and a crushing mechanism is installed on the inner side of the protective shell, a buffer mechanism is installed on one side of the lower end of the crushing mechanism, and a screening mechanism is installed on the lower end of the buffer mechanism, and the crushing mechanism includes a hammer disc horizontally rotatably installed on the inner side of the protective shell, a plurality of circular grooves are equidistantly opened between the hammer discs, and a plurality of through holes are equidistantly opened on the hammer discs, and a crushing hammer is hingedly installed between the hammer discs on both sides of the through holes; It also includes an intelligent control system, which includes a material property detection module, a crushing parameter control and analysis module, an energy-saving optimization module and a control execution module; the material property detection module is used to detect the property information of the material to be crushed; wherein the property information includes the hardness, humidity and particle size distribution of the material to be crushed; The crushing parameter control and analysis module is used to analyze the characteristic information of the material to be crushed to obtain the crushing parameters; the crushing parameters include the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient; Energy-saving optimization module, which is used to analyze the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation to obtain the energy-saving adjustment coefficient; The control execution module is used to adjust the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and use the crushing parameters to automatically adjust the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the impact force of the crushing hammer.

[0007] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a servo motor installed on the upper end of the fixed plate, a driving wheel is sleeved on the driving shaft of the servo motor, a belt is sleeved on the outer side of the driving wheel, the other end of the belt is sleeved on the outer side of the driven wheel, and a fixed column in the middle of the other end of the driven wheel passes through the protective shell and is fixed to the rotating column in the middle of the hammer disk.

[0008] Preferably, the buffer mechanism includes an arc-shaped buffer plate hingedly mounted on the lower end of the crushing mechanism inside the protective shell, a support rod is fixedly connected to the middle part of the lower end of the arc-shaped buffer plate, one end of the support rod is provided with an inward telescopic groove, a telescopic rod is installed in the telescopic groove, the other end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a fixed block, the fixed block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell, and a telescopic spring is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic rod between the fixed block and the support rod.

[0009] Preferably, the screening mechanism comprises an inclined dividing plate fixedly connected to the inner side of the protective shell, a plurality of rows of miscellaneous holes are equidistantly provided on the inclined dividing plate, and a discharge port is provided on the protective shell at the lower end of the inclined dividing plate.

[0010] Preferably, the material property detection module includes a hardness sensor and a humidity detection probe, and both are installed at the feed inlet; the hardness information and humidity information of the material are obtained by contacting the material, and the hardness sensor and humidity detection probe are electrically connected to the crushing parameter control and analysis module.

[0011] As a preferred method, the characteristic information of the material to be crushed is analyzed to obtain the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient, which are specifically: Establish a material properties database, including hardness, moisture and particle size distribution of different types of materials; Obtaining characteristic information of the material to be crushed, including hardness, humidity and particle size distribution; wherein the particle size distribution includes the deviation value of the material proportion in each particle size interval; identifying the type of the material to be crushed; matching a large amount of characteristic information of the material corresponding to the type of the material to be crushed from the material characteristic database, and calculating the mean of the hardness, humidity and particle size distribution of the material corresponding to the type of the material to be crushed to obtain the mean hardness, mean humidity and mean particle size proportion; According to the characteristic information of the material to be crushed and the average hardness, average moisture and average particle size ratio, the speed adjustment coefficient is calculated using the preset formula; according to the characteristic information of the material to be crushed and the average hardness, average moisture and average particle size ratio, the force adjustment coefficient is calculated using the preset formula.

[0012] Preferably, the logic for obtaining the particle size distribution is as follows: A particle size detection device is set at the discharge port of the screening mechanism to detect the particle size distribution of the material after screening and obtain the proportion of materials in different particle size intervals; a qualified particle size interval is set, and the actual qualified particle size ratio is obtained by dividing the proportion of materials in the qualified particle size interval by the total material ratio of all particle size intervals; Set a preset qualified particle size ratio, and set target ratios for different particle size intervals according to production crushing requirements; compare the actual qualified particle size ratio with the preset qualified particle size ratio. When the actual qualified particle size ratio is less than the preset qualified particle size ratio, calculate the deviation between the preset qualified particle size ratio and the target ratio corresponding to each particle size interval and record it as the material ratio deviation value; mark the material ratio deviation value of each particle size interval as particle size distribution.

[0013] As a preferred method, the energy-saving adjustment coefficient is obtained by analyzing the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation, which is specifically: Obtain historical data of equipment operation and pre-process it; the historical data includes material characteristics, crushing parameters, equipment operation time, and energy consumption data at different time periods; Set the parameters of the random forest, including the number of decision trees and the maximum depth of each decision tree; The preprocessed historical data is divided into a training set and a test set according to a set ratio; the training set data is used to train the random forest model; during the training, each decision tree in the random forest randomly extracts a part of the samples from the training data and randomly selects a part of the features to construct the decision tree; The real-time monitoring data is input into the trained random forest model, which will make predictions for each decision tree and average the prediction results of all decision trees to obtain the predicted energy consumption value. Obtain the actual energy consumption of the equipment and calculate the energy consumption deviation rate based on the predicted energy consumption value and the actual energy consumption; The energy consumption deviation rate is compared with the preset energy consumption deviation threshold. If the energy consumption deviation rate is greater than the energy consumption deviation threshold, it means that the energy consumption deviation is large, and the energy-saving adjustment coefficient is calculated based on the energy consumption deviation rate. Conversely, if the energy consumption deviation rate is less than or equal to the energy consumption deviation threshold, it means that the energy consumption deviation is within the allowable range.

[0014] Preferably, the present application also provides a crushing method based on the above-mentioned hammer crusher, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1, the material enters the crusher through the feed port, and the material property detection module detects the property information of the material to be crushed; S2, the crushing parameter control and analysis module calculates the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient according to the material characteristic information and the material characteristic database; S3, the energy-saving optimization module obtains the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation, and calculates the energy-saving adjustment coefficient through random forest model analysis; S4, the control execution module adjusts the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjusts the speed of the driving mechanism and the impact force of the crushing hammer; S5, the driving mechanism drives the hammer disc to rotate, and the breaker hammer impacts and crushes the material under the drive of the hammer disc; S6, the crushed material is buffered by the buffer mechanism and falls on the screening mechanism. After being screened by the screening mechanism, the material that meets the particle size requirements is discharged from the discharge port, and the material that does not meet the requirements can be crushed or processed again according to the actual situation.

[0015] Compared with the related art, the hammer crusher provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention obtains material property information in real time through the material property detection module, calculates the adapted crushing parameters through the crushing parameter control and analysis module, and combines the energy-saving adjustment coefficient obtained by the energy-saving optimization module. The control execution module automatically adjusts the driving mechanism speed and the impact force of the crushing hammer, so as to achieve precise crushing according to different material characteristics, effectively reduce energy consumption, reduce equipment wear, and increase equipment service life.

[0016] 2. The present invention uses a random forest model to analyze the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation through an energy-saving optimization module, thereby realizing real-time monitoring and optimization of energy consumption. By calculating the deviation rate between the predicted energy consumption value and the actual energy consumption, the crushing parameters are adjusted in time when the energy consumption deviation is large, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving energy utilization efficiency, thereby meeting the requirements of sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hammer crusher provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The overall structural diagram of the other side is shown; Figure 3 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure viewed from above is shown; Figure 4 for Figure 1 The side cross-sectional view shown; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A side cross-sectional view of the telescopic mechanism shown; Figure 6 This is a principle block diagram of the intelligent control system provided by the present invention.

[0018] Numbers in the figure: 1. Fixed frame; 2. Fixed plate; 3. Protective shell; 4. Feed inlet; 5. Servo motor; 6. Belt; 7. Driven wheel; 8. Dividing plate; 9. Fixed block; 10. Discharge hole; 11. Support rod; 12. Arc buffer plate; 13. Telescopic rod; 14. Telescopic spring; 15. Hammer disc; 16. Breaking hammer; 17. Impact lining; 18. Telescopic slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The terms used in this disclosure are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the disclosure. The singular forms of "group", "class" and "the" used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0021] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the present disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 6 A hammer crusher comprises a fixed frame 1, a fixed plate 2 is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the fixed frame 1, a driving mechanism is installed on the upper end of the fixed plate 2, and a protective shell 3 is fixedly connected to the other side of the upper end of the fixed frame 1, a feeding port 4 is opened on one side of the upper end of the protective shell 3, and a crushing mechanism is installed inside the protective shell 3, a buffer mechanism is installed on one side of the lower end of the crushing mechanism, and a screening mechanism is installed at the lower end of the buffer mechanism. The crushing mechanism comprises a hammer disc 15 which is horizontally rotatably installed inside the protective shell 3. The hammer disc 15 is cast by an inlaid wear-resistant alloy process, and wear-resistant materials are selected. The hardness range is HRC50-55, and the design service life is longer than that in the prior art, and it can usually be used for 3-5 years.

[0023] A plurality of circular grooves are equidistantly provided between the hammer discs 15, and a plurality of through holes are equidistantly provided on the hammer discs 15, and a breaker hammer 16 is hingedly installed between the hammer discs 15 on both sides of the through holes; It also includes an intelligent control system, which includes a material property detection module, a crushing parameter control and analysis module, an energy-saving optimization module, and a control execution module; a material property detection module is used to detect the property information of the material to be crushed; wherein the property information includes the hardness, humidity, and particle size distribution of the material to be crushed; The crushing parameter control and analysis module is used to analyze the characteristic information of the material to be crushed to obtain the crushing parameters; the crushing parameters include the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient; Energy-saving optimization module, which is used to analyze the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation to obtain the energy-saving adjustment coefficient; The control execution module is used to adjust the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, specifically: Get the initial speed V0 of the driving mechanism, use the energy-saving adjustment coefficient and the speed adjustment coefficient to adjust the initial speed of the driving mechanism to obtain the adjusted speed V. The formula is: ; The initial striking force F0 of the breaker 16 is obtained, and the initial striking force of the breaker 16 is adjusted using the energy-saving adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient to obtain the adjusted striking force F. The formula is: , the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the breaker 16 are automatically adjusted using the adjusted crushing parameters.

[0024] In the present application, the driving mechanism includes a servo motor 5 installed on the upper end of the fixed plate 2, a driving wheel is sleeved on the driving shaft of the servo motor 5, a belt 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the driving wheel, the other end of the belt 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the driven wheel 7, and a fixed column in the middle of the other end of the driven wheel 7 passes through the protective shell 3 and is fixedly connected to the rotating column in the middle of the hammer disc 15.

[0025] In the present application, the buffer mechanism includes an arc-shaped buffer plate 12 hingedly installed at the lower end of the crushing mechanism inside the protective shell 3, a support rod 11 is fixedly connected to the middle of the lower end of the arc-shaped buffer plate 12, a telescopic groove 18 is opened inward at one end of the support rod 11, a telescopic rod 13 is installed in the telescopic groove 18, the other end of the telescopic rod 13 is fixedly connected to the fixed block 9, the fixed block 9 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 3, and a telescopic spring 14 is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic rod 13 between the fixed block 9 and the support rod 11.

[0026] In the present application, the screening mechanism includes an inclined dividing plate 8 fixed to the inner side of the protective shell 3, a plurality of rows of miscellaneous holes 10 are evenly spaced on the inclined dividing plate 8, and a discharge port is provided at the lower end of the protective shell 3 of the inclined dividing plate 8.

[0027] In the present application, the material property detection module includes a hardness sensor and a humidity detection probe, and both are installed at the feed port 4; the hardness information and humidity information of the material are obtained by contacting the material, and the hardness sensor and the humidity detection probe are electrically connected to the crushing parameter control and analysis module.

[0028] In this application, the characteristic information of the material to be crushed is analyzed to obtain the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient, which are specifically: Establish a material properties database, including hardness, moisture and particle size distribution of different types of materials; Obtain the characteristic information of the material to be crushed, including hardness H, humidity M and particle size distribution; the particle size distribution includes the material proportion deviation value Di in each particle size interval, i represents the number of the particle size interval; identify the type of material to be crushed, which can be identified by manual input or recognition algorithm based on image recognition algorithm or feature fusion; match a large amount of characteristic information of the material corresponding to the type of material to be crushed from the material characteristic database, and calculate the hardness, humidity and particle size distribution of the material corresponding to the type of material to be crushed to obtain the hardness mean value , humidity mean , mean particle size ratio ; Use a preset formula Calculate the speed adjustment coefficient ; Where k1, k2, k3 represent the weight coefficients of the influence of hardness, humidity and particle size distribution on the speed adjustment, n represents the number of particle size intervals set in the material particle size distribution detection, i represents the number of particle size intervals, and wi represents the importance weight of the i-th particle size interval; Use a preset formula Calculate the force adjustment coefficient ; Where a1, a2, a3 represent the weight coefficients of the influence of hardness, humidity and particle size distribution on the adjustment of the impact force, and ui represents the impact force adjustment weight corresponding to the i-th particle size interval.

[0029] In this application, the logic for obtaining the particle size distribution is as follows: A particle size detection device is provided at the discharge port of the screening mechanism to detect the particle size distribution of the material after screening and obtain the proportion of materials in different particle size intervals; a qualified particle size interval is set, and the actual qualified particle size ratio P is obtained by dividing the proportion of materials in the qualified particle size interval by the total material ratio of all particle size intervals; Set the preset qualified particle size ratio as P0, and set the target ratio P0i of different particle size intervals according to the production crushing requirements; compare the actual qualified particle size ratio with the preset qualified particle size ratio. When P<P0, calculate the deviation between the preset qualified particle size ratio and the target ratio corresponding to each particle size interval and record it as the material ratio deviation value Di. The formula is expressed as ; Mark the material proportion deviation value Di in each particle size interval as particle size distribution.

[0030] In this application, the energy-saving adjustment coefficient is obtained by analyzing the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation, which is specifically: Obtain historical data of equipment operation and pre-process it; the historical data includes material characteristics, crushing parameters, equipment operation time, and energy consumption data at different time periods; Set the parameters of the random forest, including the number of decision trees and the maximum depth of each decision tree; The preprocessed historical data is divided into a training set and a test set according to a set ratio; the training set data is used to train the random forest model; during the training, each decision tree in the random forest randomly extracts a part of the samples from the training data and randomly selects a part of the features to construct the decision tree; The real-time monitoring data is input into the trained random forest model. The random forest model will make predictions for each decision tree and average the prediction results of all decision trees to obtain the predicted energy consumption value. ; Get the actual energy consumption of the device , calculate the energy consumption deviation rate based on the predicted energy consumption value and the actual energy consumption , the formula indicates ; The energy consumption deviation rate is compared with the preset energy consumption deviation threshold. If the energy consumption deviation rate is greater than the energy consumption deviation threshold, it means that the energy consumption deviation is large. The energy saving adjustment coefficient is calculated according to the energy consumption deviation rate. The formula is expressed as ;in, Indicates the adjustment factor; conversely, if the energy consumption deviation rate is less than or equal to its energy consumption deviation threshold, it means that the energy consumption deviation is within the allowable range.

[0031] In the present application, a crushing method based on the above-mentioned hammer crusher is also provided, comprising the following steps: S1, the material enters the crusher through the feed port 4, and the material property detection module detects the property information of the material to be crushed; S2, the crushing parameter control and analysis module calculates the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient according to the material characteristic information and the material characteristic database; S3, the energy-saving optimization module obtains the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation, and calculates the energy-saving adjustment coefficient through random forest model analysis; S4, the control execution module adjusts the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjusts the speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer 16; S5, the driving mechanism drives the hammer plate 15 to rotate, and the breaker 16 impacts and crushes the material under the drive of the hammer plate 15; S6, the crushed material is buffered by the buffer mechanism and falls on the screening mechanism. After being screened by the screening mechanism, the material that meets the particle size requirements is discharged from the discharge port, and the material that does not meet the requirements can be crushed or processed again according to the actual situation.

[0032] The working principle of a hammer crusher and a crushing method provided by the present invention is as follows: 1. Equipment installation and initialization: Install the fixed frame 1, fixed plate 2, protective housing 3 and other mechanical parts according to the design requirements to ensure the stability of the equipment structure; install the driving mechanism, crushing mechanism, buffer mechanism and screening mechanism, connect the transmission devices and fixed parts of each component, such as installing the servo motor 5 on the fixed plate 2, and connecting the hammer plate 15 through the belt 6 and the driven wheel 7; install the sensor of the material property detection module and the particle size detection device at the discharge port of the screening mechanism to ensure their normal operation. Initialize the intelligent control system, import the material property database, set the random forest model parameters (for example, the number of decision trees is 50, the maximum depth is 10), the energy consumption deviation threshold is 10%, and the adjustment factor α is 0.5. The specific settings are based on the actual situation and production needs; 2. Material property detection: The material to be crushed is fed into the equipment through the feed port 4, and the material property detection module starts working; the hardness sensor and humidity detection probe obtain the hardness and humidity information of the material, and the particle size detection device detects the particle size distribution of the material after screening, calculates the actual qualified particle size ratio P and the material proportion deviation value Di, and transmits these data to the crushing parameter control and analysis module; 3. Calculation and adjustment of crushing parameters: The crushing parameter control and analysis module receives material characteristic data, and calculates the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient based on the material characteristic information and the material characteristic database; the energy-saving optimization module obtains the historical data and real-time monitoring data of the equipment operation, and calculates the energy-saving adjustment coefficient through random forest model analysis; 4. The control execution module adjusts the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjusts the speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the breaker 16; 5. The adjusted driving mechanism drives the hammer disc 15 and the breaking hammer 16 to operate and crush the materials; the crushed materials fall to the buffer mechanism, and the arc-shaped buffer plate 12 buffers the impact force of the materials under the action of the telescopic spring 14; the buffered materials enter the screening mechanism, and the inclined dividing plate 8 screens the materials. The materials that meet the particle size requirements are discharged from the discharge port through the miscellaneous holes 10, and the materials that do not meet the requirements can be crushed again or otherwise processed according to the actual situation. The specific settings can be made according to the actual situation.

[0033] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed in this disclosure. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present invention are indicated by the following claims.

[0034] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exact construction that has been described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hammer crusher, comprising a fixed frame (1), a fixed plate (2) being fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the fixed frame (1), a driving mechanism being mounted on the upper end of the fixed plate (2), a protective shell (3) being fixedly connected to the other side of the upper end of the fixed frame (1), a material inlet (4) being provided on one side of the upper end of the protective shell (3), a crushing mechanism being mounted inside the protective shell (3), a buffering mechanism being mounted on one side of the lower end of the crushing mechanism, and a screening mechanism being mounted on the lower end of the buffering mechanism, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism comprises a hammer disc (15) mounted horizontally and rotatably on the inner side of the protective housing (3), a plurality of circular grooves are equidistantly provided between the hammer discs (15), and a plurality of through holes are equidistantly provided on the hammer discs (15), and crushing hammers (16) are hingedly mounted between the hammer discs (15) on both sides of the through holes; It also includes an intelligent control system, which includes a material property detection module, a crushing parameter control and analysis module, an energy-saving optimization module and a control execution module; the material property detection module is used to detect the property information of the material to be crushed; wherein the property information includes the hardness, humidity and particle size distribution of the material to be crushed; The crushing parameter control and analysis module is used to analyze the characteristic information of the material to be crushed to obtain the crushing parameters; the crushing parameters include the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient; Energy-saving optimization module, which is used to analyze the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation to obtain the energy-saving adjustment coefficient; The control execution module is used to adjust the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjust the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer (16) using the crushing parameters.

2. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a servo motor (5) mounted on the upper end of the fixed plate (2); a driving wheel is sleeved on the driving shaft of the servo motor (5); a belt (6) is sleeved on the outer side of the driving wheel; the other end of the belt (6) is sleeved on the outer side of a driven wheel (7); a fixed column in the middle of the other end of the driven wheel (7) penetrates the protective housing (3) and is fixedly connected to a rotating column in the middle of the hammer disc (15).

3. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer mechanism comprises an arc-shaped buffer plate (12) hingedly mounted at the lower end of the crushing mechanism inside the protective shell (3); a support rod (11) is fixedly connected to the middle of the lower end of the arc-shaped buffer plate (12); a telescopic groove (18) is formed inwardly at one end of the support rod (11); a telescopic rod (13) is installed in the telescopic groove (18); the other end of the telescopic rod (13) is fixedly connected to a fixed block (9); the fixed block (9) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell (3); and a telescopic spring (14) is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic rod (13) between the fixed block (9) and the support rod (11).

4. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening mechanism comprises an inclined material distribution plate (8) fixedly connected to the inner side of the protective shell (3), the inclined material distribution plate (8) being provided with a plurality of rows of miscellaneous holes (10) at equal intervals, and a discharge port being provided at the protective shell (3) at the lower end of the inclined material distribution plate (8).

5. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material property detection module comprises a hardness sensor and a humidity detection probe, both of which are installed at the material inlet (4); the hardness information and humidity information of the material are obtained by contacting the material, and the hardness sensor and the humidity detection probe are both electrically connected to the crushing parameter control and analysis module.

6. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: Analyze the characteristic information of the material to be crushed to obtain the speed adjustment coefficient and force adjustment coefficient, which are as follows: Establish a material properties database, including hardness, moisture and particle size distribution of different types of materials; Obtaining characteristic information of the material to be crushed, including hardness, humidity and particle size distribution; wherein the particle size distribution includes the deviation value of the material proportion in each particle size interval; identifying the type of the material to be crushed; matching a large amount of characteristic information of the material corresponding to the type of the material to be crushed from the material characteristic database, and calculating the mean of the hardness, humidity and particle size distribution of the material corresponding to the type of the material to be crushed to obtain the mean hardness, mean humidity and mean particle size proportion; According to the characteristic information of the material to be crushed and the average hardness, average moisture and average particle size ratio, the speed adjustment coefficient is calculated using the preset formula; according to the characteristic information of the material to be crushed and the average hardness, average moisture and average particle size ratio, the force adjustment coefficient is calculated using the preset formula.

7. A hammer crusher according to claim 6, characterized in that: The logic for obtaining the particle size distribution is as follows: A particle size detection device is set at the discharge port of the screening mechanism to detect the particle size distribution of the material after screening and obtain the proportion of materials in different particle size intervals; a qualified particle size interval is set, and the actual qualified particle size ratio is obtained by dividing the proportion of materials in the qualified particle size interval by the total material ratio of all particle size intervals; Set the preset qualified particle size ratio and set the target ratio of different particle size ranges according to production crushing requirements; The actual qualified particle size ratio is compared with the preset qualified particle size ratio. When the actual qualified particle size ratio is less than the preset qualified particle size ratio, the deviation between the preset qualified particle size ratio and the target ratio corresponding to each particle size interval is calculated and recorded as the material ratio deviation value; the material ratio deviation value of each particle size interval is marked as particle size distribution.

8. A hammer crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the analysis of the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation, the energy-saving adjustment coefficient is obtained, which is: Obtain historical data of equipment operation and pre-process it; the historical data includes material characteristics, crushing parameters, equipment operation time, and energy consumption data at different time periods; Set the parameters of the random forest, including the number of decision trees and the maximum depth of each decision tree; The preprocessed historical data is divided into a training set and a test set according to a set ratio; the training set data is used to train the random forest model; during the training, each decision tree in the random forest randomly extracts a part of the samples from the training data and randomly selects a part of the features to construct the decision tree; The real-time monitoring data is input into the trained random forest model, which will make predictions for each decision tree and average the prediction results of all decision trees to obtain the predicted energy consumption value. Obtain the actual energy consumption of the equipment and calculate the energy consumption deviation rate based on the predicted energy consumption value and the actual energy consumption; The energy consumption deviation rate is compared with the preset energy consumption deviation threshold. If the energy consumption deviation rate is greater than the energy consumption deviation threshold, it means that the energy consumption deviation is large, and the energy-saving adjustment coefficient is calculated based on the energy consumption deviation rate. Conversely, if the energy consumption deviation rate is less than or equal to the energy consumption deviation threshold, it means that the energy consumption deviation is within the allowable range.

9. A crushing method based on the hammer crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, the material enters the crusher through the feed port (4), and the material property detection module detects the property information of the material to be crushed; S2, the crushing parameter control and analysis module calculates the speed adjustment coefficient and the force adjustment coefficient according to the material characteristic information and the material characteristic database; S3, the energy-saving optimization module obtains the historical data and real-time monitoring data of equipment operation, and calculates the energy-saving adjustment coefficient through random forest model analysis; S4, the control execution module adjusts the crushing parameters according to the energy-saving adjustment coefficient, and automatically adjusts the rotation speed of the driving mechanism and the striking force of the crushing hammer (16); S5, the driving mechanism drives the hammer plate (15) to rotate, and the crushing hammer (16) is driven by the hammer plate (15) to impact and crush the material; S6, the crushed material is buffered by the buffer mechanism and falls on the screening mechanism. After being screened by the screening mechanism, the material that meets the particle size requirements is discharged from the discharge port, and the material that does not meet the requirements can be crushed or processed again according to the actual situation.

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