Device for printing well wall cracks by utilizing explosive shock waves to assist pressurization

Abstract

The device comprises a hydraulic printing mechanism, a printing section is arranged in the middle of a cylinder of the hydraulic printing mechanism, a plurality of lead mold supports are evenly arranged on the periphery of the cylinder of the printing section, a lead mold is attached to the outer wall of each lead mold support, and each lead mold support is driven by a plurality of pistons. The pistons are respectively embedded in the radial holes of the cylinder body; and an explosion mechanism capable of generating shock waves is arranged above the hydraulic printing mechanism. The lower end of a detonating lower joint of the explosion mechanism is screwed with an explosion propagation joint, the lower end of the explosion propagation joint is screwed with an explosion rod, the upper part of the explosion rod is provided with a central hole, and the lower end is screwed with a conical seeker; the lower end of the conical guide head is embedded in a center hole of the support plate, the support plate is fixed above the hydraulic printing mechanism, and overflowing holes are evenly distributed in the circumference of the support plate. The device can solve the problems that a conventional drilling tool, a ground manifold, a slurry pump and the like cannot meet the high-pressure printing requirement, and the printing definition is insufficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for printing cracks in oil drilling, in particular to a device for printing cracks in a well wall by using explosion shock waves to assist pressurization, and belongs to the technical field of oil drilling tools. Background Art

[0002] In the research work of oil exploration, oil production and drilling engineering, it is of great significance to figure out the shape, size and distribution of formation cracks on the well wall. There are many ways to obtain the physical data of well wall cracks, one of which is "well wall crack printing". The specific method is: arrange several steel plates around the central tube and cast lead on them to form a lead mold. The steel plate is called a lead mold holder. The lead mold and the lead mold holder are connected together with several pistons extending from the tube to form a set of printing devices. When the printing device is lowered to the predetermined position in the well, the tube is pressurized, and the piston pushes the lead mold against the well wall. When the pressure is large enough, the surface of the lead mold is deformed, and the cracks on the well wall are printed out. After taking it to the ground, the development of formation cracks can be seen more intuitively.

[0003] The Mohs hardness of general lead is 1.5, the density is 11.3437g / cm³, the temperature resistance can reach above 220℃, and the melting point is 327℃. In the construction of salvaging fallen objects on site, a Φ215.9mm borehole uses a Φ200mm lead mold and pressurizes 5T to print the surface shape of the fallen objects at the bottom of the well, and the pressure is 1.56MPa. However, ground tests have shown that unlike the lead mold printing of sharp objects facing upward in the well, the well wall printing does not have the gravity of the drill string, and the well wall printing is evenly stressed. In addition, there is a paste-like drilling fluid adhered to the surface of the well wall, so the pressure required for well wall printing is much greater than that for printing fallen objects in the well.

[0004] Taking Φ320mm well diameter printing as an example, there are 4 lead molds, each with a circumferential angle of 86°, a length of 100cm, and a surface force of 1.56MPa. Each lead mold is pushed by 5 Φ50mm pistons. The required pressure of the piston is calculated as follows: Piston area S = 86 / 180•π•16•100 = 2401.573 cm² Piston pressure P = 2401.573•1.56 / (5•π / 4•5²) = 38.18MPa The pressure calculated above plus additional factors requires a pressure increase of 40 to 45 MPa. Conventional drilling tools, surface manifolds and mud pumps cannot meet the high pressure required by the wellbore printing device. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for printing well wall cracks using explosion shock wave assisted pressurization, which can solve the problem that conventional drilling tools, ground manifolds and mud pumps cannot meet the high pressure requirements of printing and the printing clarity is insufficient.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a device for printing well wall cracks using explosion shock wave assisted pressurization, including a hydraulic printing mechanism, the hydraulic printing mechanism including a cylinder, a printing section is provided in the middle of the cylinder, a plurality of lead mold supports are evenly provided on the outer periphery of the cylinder of the printing section, the outer wall of each lead mold support is respectively fitted with a lead mold, each lead mold support is respectively driven by a plurality of pistons, and each piston is respectively embedded in a radial hole of the cylinder; an explosion mechanism capable of generating shock waves is provided above the hydraulic printing mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the explosive mechanism comprises an upper detonating joint and a lower detonating joint screwed together, the upper inner cavity of the upper detonating joint is provided with a female thread of the upper detonating joint, the lower end of the lower detonating joint is screwed with a detonating transmission joint, the lower end of the detonating transmission joint is screwed with a downwardly extending explosive rod, the upper part of the explosive rod is provided with an explosive rod center hole extending along the axis of the explosive rod, the lower end of the explosive rod is screwed with a conical guide head; the lower end of the conical guide head is embedded in the center hole of a bracket plate, the bracket plate is fixed above the hydraulic printing mechanism, and flow holes are evenly distributed on the circumference of the bracket plate.

[0008] Furthermore, vertical flow grooves that penetrate vertically are evenly arranged on the circumference of the large end of the conical guide head.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer wall of the explosive rod is provided with a spiral groove extending in a spiral manner, a detonating cord is embedded in the spiral groove, the lower end of the detonating cord is fixed in the conical guide head, and the upper end of the detonating cord is inserted into the explosive rod and fixed in the center hole of the explosive rod; the inner cavity of the detonating joint is provided with an explosive transmission assembly that can detonate the detonating cord, a detonator for detonating the explosive transmission assembly is installed in the lower part of the inner cavity of the detonating lower joint, and a pressure detonating device that can impact the detonator is installed in the inner cavity of the detonating upper joint; countersunk screws are symmetrically screwed on the upper circumference of the detonating lower joint, and the inner ends of the countersunk screws are respectively inserted into annular grooves on the outer circumferential wall of the detonating upper joint.

[0010] Furthermore, the pressure detonating device includes an open baffle and a firing pin located at the lower part of the inner cavity of the detonating upper joint, the open baffle is located below the female thread of the detonating upper joint, the firing pin is located below the open baffle and extends downward along the center hole of the detonating upper joint, and the outer periphery of the firing pin is sealed with the center hole of the detonating upper joint by an O-ring; the lower end of the firing pin is inserted into the inner cavity of the detonating lower joint, and a shear pin is inserted on the circumference of the lower end of the firing pin, the outer end of the shear pin is embedded in a firing pin bushing, the lower end of the firing pin bushing is supported on the step of the detonating lower joint, and the upper end of the firing pin bushing is against the lower end surface of the detonating upper joint; the lower end tip of the firing pin is aligned with the upper end center of the detonator.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the detonator is sealed and filled with detonating explosive, the upper end of the detonator is located in the center hole of the detonating lower joint, the lower end of the detonator is inserted in the countersunk hole of the screw plug, the outer circumference of the screw plug is screwed into the lower screw hole of the detonating lower joint, and the bottom center of the screw plug is provided with a screw plug center hole that is connected to the screw plug countersunk hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the explosive transmission assembly includes an explosive transmission assembly shell located in the center hole of the explosive transmission joint, the upper part of the explosive transmission assembly shell is a shell small diameter section, the lower part of the explosive transmission assembly shell is a shell large diameter section, the outer periphery of the shell small diameter section is sealed with the center hole of the explosive transmission joint by an O-ring, the upper part of the shell large diameter section abuts against the step of the center hole of the explosive transmission joint, the lower end center of the shell large diameter section is connected with an explosive transmission output tube extending downward, the inner cavity of the explosive transmission output tube is connected with the center hole of the explosive transmission assembly shell, the lower end of the explosive transmission output tube is inserted into the center hole of the explosive rod, and the upper end of the detonating cord is inserted into the explosive transmission output tube; a high explosive tube shell is installed at the upper part of the center hole of the explosive transmission assembly shell, the lower end of the high explosive tube shell is supported on the step of the center hole of the explosive transmission assembly shell, the inner cavity of the high explosive tube shell is installed with high explosive, and the two ends of the high explosive tube shell are closed by high explosive tube shell caps.

[0013] Furthermore, an inner ring groove is provided on the inner wall of the center hole of the detonating upper joint, and the inner ring groove surrounds the outer side of the upper circumference of the firing pin. The detonating upper joint is symmetrically provided with upper joint radial holes that are connected to the inner ring groove.

[0014] Furthermore, an upper mandrel is provided in the central hole of the cylinder, and a piston slope is provided on the inner end of each piston, and the piston slopes of each piston located on the same circumference respectively abut against the wedge-shaped slopes on the outer circumference of the same taper sleeve, and the taper sleeves are sequentially mounted and fixed on the outer circumference of the upper mandrel, and the wedge-shaped slopes on the taper sleeves are centrally symmetrically arranged and the lower ends are inclined toward the axis direction of the cylinder; dovetail grooves are provided on the wedge-shaped slopes of the taper sleeves, and dovetail tenons are provided on the piston slopes of the pistons, and the dovetail tenons are respectively embedded in the corresponding dovetail grooves; The upper end of the upper core shaft is provided with an enlarged upper core shaft sealing section and the upper end of the upper core shaft center hole is provided with a ball seat, a return spring is provided below the step of the upper core shaft sealing section, the lower end of the return spring is supported on a spring seat, and the spring seat is fixed on the cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, a lower core shaft is screwed onto the lower end of the upper core shaft, a lower core shaft big end is provided at the upper end of the lower core shaft, the big end of the lower core shaft abuts against the bottom of the lowest cone sleeve, the lower end of the lower core shaft is inserted into a guide sleeve, and the guide sleeve is fixed in the inner cavity of the cylinder; an upper cylinder step is provided above the printing section, a lower cylinder step is provided below the printing section, and the outer wall of each lead mold is located within the axial projection range of the upper cylinder step and the lower cylinder step.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects: 1. Not only can the printing of fractures underground be completed under the action of the shock wave generated by the explosion, but each lead mold can be actively returned to the cylinder after printing, and will not be scratched against the well wall during the lifting process, ensuring that the printed pattern is lifted out of the wellhead intact.

[0017] 2. First, insert the upper end of the detonating cord filled with explosives into the center hole of the explosive rod, then wind the detonating cord into the spiral groove of the explosive rod, fix the lower end of the detonating cord in the conical guide head, and screw the upper end of the explosive rod with the detonating joint to connect the upper end of the detonating cord with the detonating assembly in the detonating joint. Then, screw the upper end of the detonating joint with the lower detonating joint to connect the detonator with the detonating assembly, and then screw the lower detonating joint under the upper detonating joint to connect the pressure detonating device with the detonator. Finally, the entire detonating mechanism is screwed to the lower end of the drill pipe through the female thread of the upper detonating joint. Countersunk screws can prevent the upper detonating joint and the lower detonating joint from loosening during the process of going down the well. Under the guidance of the conical guide head, the explosive rod is lowered to the predetermined printing position along with the drill pipe, and then the mud pump is turned on to pressurize the inner cavity of the drill pipe. The pressure of the drilling fluid unlocks the pressure detonator and hits the detonator below. The shock wave output by the detonator detonates the explosive transmission assembly and the detonating cord. The detonating cord contains high explosives with a detonation speed of up to 7800m / s, and explodes violently in an instant. Since the detonating cord is wound in the spiral groove of the explosive rod for several weeks, the shock wave generated by the explosion acts on the piston, thereby achieving the effect of high-pressure printing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are only provided for reference and explanation and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of a device for printing cracks on a well wall by using explosion shock wave-assisted pressurization according to the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front view of the hydraulic printing mechanism in the present invention; Figure 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of a piston in a hydraulic printing mechanism; Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a cone sleeve in a hydraulic printing mechanism; Figure 5It is a front view of the explosion mechanism in the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of the medium pressure detonator; Figure 7 for Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the central explosion-transmitting component.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Cylinder; 1a. Female thread; 1b. Cylinder upper step; 1c. Cylinder lower step; 1d. Male thread; 2. Upper mandrel; 2a. Upper mandrel sealing section; 2b. Ball seat; 3. Taper sleeve; 3a. Wedge-shaped slope; 3b. Dovetail groove; 4. Piston; 4a. Piston slope; 4b. Dovetail tenon; 5. Return spring; 6. Spring seat; 6a. Spring seat lock pin; 7. Lower mandrel; 7a. Lower mandrel large end; 8. Guide sleeve; 8a. Guide sleeve lock pin; 9. Lead mold support; 10. Lead mold; 11. Detonating upper joint; 11a. Inner annular groove of the upper joint; 11b. Radial hole of the upper joint; 12. Detonating lower joint; 12a. Countersunk screw; 13. Explosive transmission joint; 14. Explosive rod; 14a. Spiral groove; 14b. Detonating cord; 15. Conical guide head; 15a Vertical flow groove; 16. Pressure detonating device; 16a. Opening baffle; 16b. Strike pin; 16c. Shear pin; 16d. Strike pin bushing; 17. Detonator; 18. Screw plug; 18a. Center hole of screw plug; 19. Explosive transmission assembly; 19a. Explosive transmission assembly shell; 19b. Explosive transmission output pipe; 19c. High explosive shell; 19d. High explosive shell cap; 20. Bracket plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific diagrams.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the device for printing cracks in the well wall by using explosive shock wave assisted pressurization of the present invention comprises a hydraulic printing mechanism and an explosive mechanism, wherein the explosive mechanism is located above the hydraulic printing mechanism. The hydraulic printing mechanism comprises a cylinder 1, wherein the upper end of the cylinder 1 is provided with a female thread 1a, which is screwed to the drill rod above; the lower end of the cylinder 1 is provided with a male thread 1d, which is screwed to the drill rod below. A printing section is provided in the middle of the cylinder 1, and a plurality of lead mold holders 9 are evenly provided on the outer circumference of the cylinder 1 of the printing section, and the outer walls of each lead mold holder 9 are respectively attached with a lead mold 10, and the lead mold 10 can be directly cast on the lead mold holder 9. The arc surface of the outer wall of the lead mold 10 coincides with the outer circumference of the upper and lower cylinders, and the inner wall of the lead mold holder 9 coincides with the outer circumference of the cylinder of the printing section.

[0024] The inner wall of each lead mold holder 9 is driven by a plurality of pistons 4, and each piston 4 is respectively embedded in the radial hole of the cylinder 1. For example, each lead mold holder 9 is driven by five pistons 4 in the height direction, and three or four lead molds 10 are usually evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the printing section.

[0025] An upper mandrel 2 is provided in the central hole of the cylinder 1, and a piston slope 4a is provided at the inner end of each piston 4. The piston slopes 4a of each piston 4 located on the same circumference respectively abut against the wedge slope 3a on the outer circumference of the same cone sleeve 3. Each cone sleeve 3 is sequentially mounted and fixed on the outer circumference of the upper mandrel 2, and the top of the uppermost cone sleeve 3 abuts against the lower step of the upper mandrel 2. Each layer of cone sleeves 3 is stacked in sequence. Each wedge slope 3a on each cone sleeve 3 is centrally symmetrically arranged and the lower end is inclined toward the axis direction of the cylinder; each dovetail groove 3b is provided on the wedge slope 3a of the cone sleeve 3. Each dovetail tenon 4b is provided on the piston slope 4a of the piston 4, and the dovetail tenon 4b is respectively embedded in the corresponding dovetail groove 3b and can slide along the dovetail groove 3b.

[0026] When the upper mandrel 2 drives each cone sleeve 3 to move downward, the wedge-shaped inclined surface 3a of the cone sleeve 3 slides relative to the piston inclined surface 4a. Since the piston 4 is restricted in the radial hole of the cylinder 1, the piston 4 can only slide outward along the radial hole, and the distance between the piston 4 and the cylinder axis increases, pushing the lead mold holder 9 outward. At the same time, the dovetail tenon 4b on the piston inclined surface 4a slides relative to the large end, i.e., the upper end, of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 3a along the dovetail groove 3b on the cone sleeve 3.

[0027] The upper end of the upper mandrel 2 is provided with an enlarged upper mandrel sealing section 2a, and at least two sealing rings are embedded in the outer periphery of the upper mandrel sealing section 2a to achieve sealing with the inner wall of the cylinder 1. A ball seat 2b is provided at the upper end of the center hole of the upper mandrel, and the ball seat 2b is a trumpet mouth with a wide top and a narrow bottom, which is convenient for ball throwing and sealing.

[0028] A return spring 5 is provided below the step of the upper core shaft sealing section 2a. The lower end of the return spring 5 is supported on a spring seat 6. The spring seat 6 is fixed on the cylinder 1 through a spring seat locking pin 6a.

[0029] The lower end of the upper mandrel 2 is screwed with the lower mandrel 7, and the upper end of the lower mandrel 7 is provided with a lower mandrel large end 7a, which abuts against the bottom of the lowest cone sleeve 3 to provide positioning for the lower part of the cone sleeve 3. The lower end of the lower mandrel 7 is inserted into the guide sleeve 8 to control the translation of the upper mandrel 2 and the lower mandrel 7 along the axis of the cylinder to avoid tilting and ensure good cooperation between the piston 4 and the cone sleeve 3. The outer periphery of the guide sleeve 8 is fixed to the inner cavity of the cylinder 1 by the guide sleeve lock pin 8a.

[0030] The upper step 1b of the cylinder is provided above the printing section, and the lower step 1c of the cylinder is provided below the printing section. The top of each lead mold 10 is located below the upper step 1b of the cylinder, and the bottom of each lead mold 10 is located above the lower step 1c of the cylinder. Before being ejected, the lead mold 10 shrinks inside the circle formed by the upper step 1b of the cylinder and the lower step 1c of the cylinder, that is, the diameter of the circle where the outer wall of the lead mold 10 is located is smaller than the diameter of the outer wall circle of the upper step 1b of the cylinder and the lower step 1c of the cylinder, so that the lead mold 10 shrinks inside the outer circumference of the tool or at most is flush with the outer circumference of the tool to avoid scratching against the well wall.

[0031] After the tool reaches the well section to be printed, the explosion mechanism is detonated, and the shock wave generated by the explosion pushes the upper core shaft 2 downward, and the step of the upper core shaft sealing section 2a compresses the reset spring 5 downward to store energy; at the same time, the cone sleeves 3 mounted on the upper core shaft 2 move downward synchronously, and the wedge-shaped inclined surfaces 3a of the cone sleeves 3 squeeze the piston inclined surfaces 4a downward, forcing the pistons 4 to slide outward along their respective radial holes synchronously, pushing the lead mold support 9 and the lead mold 10 outward, and the lead mold 10 fits against the inner wall of the wellbore. Under the pressure of the explosion shock wave, the cracks in the wellbore wall are printed on the outer surface of the lead mold 10.

[0032] Then, under the action of tension, the reset spring 5 pushes the upper core shaft 2 upward, and the upper core shaft 2 drives each cone sleeve 3 to move upward, and the wedge-shaped inclined surface 3a of the cone sleeve 3 slides relative to the piston inclined surface 4a, and the dovetail tenon 4b on the piston inclined surface 4a slides relative to the small end, i.e., the lower end, of the wedge-shaped inclined surface 3a along the dovetail groove 3b on the cone sleeve 3. Since the piston 4 is restricted in the radial hole of the cylinder 1, the piston 4 can only slide inward along the radial hole, and the distance between the piston 4 and the axis of the cylinder is reduced. The lead mold 10 and the lead mold support 9 retract to the outer periphery of the cylinder printing section, and are located in the circle formed by the upper step 1b of the cylinder and the lower step 1c of the cylinder. In this way, when the tool is lifted to the wellhead, the lead mold 10 will not scrape against the well wall, nor will it be stuck at the step of the well wall, and the printed crack pattern can reach the ground intact for analysis by technicians.

[0033] like Figure 5As shown, the explosion mechanism includes an upper detonating joint 11 and a lower detonating joint 12 which are screwed to each other. Countersunk screws 12a are symmetrically screwed on the upper circumference of the lower detonating joint 12. The inner ends of the countersunk screws 12a are respectively inserted into the annular grooves of the outer circumferential wall of the upper detonating joint 11 to prevent the upper detonating joint 11 and the lower detonating joint 12 from loosening during the process of going down the well. An upper detonating joint female thread is provided at the inner cavity of the upper detonating joint 11. A detonating joint 13 is screwed to the lower end of the lower detonating joint 12. A detonating rod 14 extending downward is screwed to the lower end of the detonating joint 13. The upper part of the detonating rod 14 is provided with a central hole of the detonating rod extending along the axis of the detonating rod. A conical guide head 15 is screwed to the lower end of the detonating rod 14. A plurality of vertical flow grooves 15a are evenly provided on the outer circumference of the conical guide head 15 to ensure the flow of drilling fluid. The small end of the conical guide head 15 falls into the central hole of the bracket plate 20. The bracket plate 20 is fixed above the printing mechanism and has a plurality of flow holes evenly arranged on the circumference.

[0034] The outer wall of the explosive rod 14 is provided with a spiral groove 14a extending in a spiral manner, and a detonating cord 14b is embedded in the spiral groove 14a. The lower end of the detonating cord 14b is fixed in the conical guide head 15, and the upper end of the detonating cord 14b is inserted into the explosive rod 14 and fixed in the center hole of the explosive rod; the inner cavity of the detonating joint 13 is provided with a detonating assembly 19 that can detonate the detonating cord 14b, the lower part of the inner cavity of the detonating lower joint 12 is installed with a detonator 17 that detonates the detonating assembly 19, and the inner cavity of the detonating upper joint 11 is installed with a pressure detonating device 16 that can impact the detonator 17.

[0035] like Figure 6 As shown, the pressure detonating device 16 includes an open baffle 16a and a striker 16b located at the lower part of the inner cavity of the detonating upper joint 11, the open baffle 16a is located below the female thread of the detonating upper joint, the striker 16b is located below the open baffle 16a and extends downward along the center hole of the detonating upper joint 11, and the outer periphery of the striker 16b is sealed with the center hole of the detonating upper joint through an O-ring; the lower end of the striker 16b is inserted into the inner cavity of the detonating lower joint 12, and a shear pin 16c is inserted on the circumference of the lower end of the striker 16b, and the outer end of the shear pin 16c is embedded in the striker bushing 16d, the lower end of the striker bushing 16d is supported on the step of the detonating lower joint 12, and the upper end of the striker bushing 16d is against the lower end surface of the detonating upper joint 11; the lower end tip of the striker 16b is aligned with the upper end center of the detonator 17.

[0036] The inner cavity of the detonator 17 is sealed and filled with detonating explosives. The upper end of the detonator 17 is located in the center hole of the detonating lower joint 12, and the lower end of the detonator 17 is inserted into the countersunk hole of the screw plug 18. The outer circumference of the screw plug 18 is screwed into the lower screw hole of the detonating lower joint 12. The bottom center of the screw plug 18 is provided with a screw plug center hole 18a which is connected with the screw plug countersunk hole.

[0037] like Figure 7As shown, the explosive transmission assembly 19 includes an explosive transmission assembly housing 19a located in the center hole of the explosive transmission joint, the upper part of the explosive transmission assembly housing 19a is a small diameter section of the housing, and the lower part of the explosive transmission assembly housing 19a is a large diameter section of the housing. The outer periphery of the small diameter section of the housing is sealed with the center hole of the explosive transmission joint through an O-ring, the upper part of the large diameter section of the housing abuts against the step of the center hole of the explosive transmission joint, and the lower end center of the large diameter section of the housing is connected to a downwardly extending explosive transmission output pipe 19b, and the explosive transmission output pipe 19b is The inner cavity is connected with the center hole of the explosive transmission component shell 19a, the lower end of the explosive transmission output tube 19b is inserted into the center hole of the explosive rod 14, and the upper end of the detonating cord 14b is inserted into the explosive transmission output tube 19b; a high explosive shell 19c is installed on the upper part of the center hole of the explosive transmission component shell, and the lower end of the high explosive shell 19c is supported on the step of the center hole of the explosive transmission component shell, and the inner cavity of the high explosive shell 19c is installed with high explosive, and both ends of the high explosive shell 19c are closed by the high explosive shell cap 19d.

[0038] The explosive device works as follows: (1) First, insert the upper end of the detonating cord 14b loaded with explosives into the central hole of the explosive rod, then wind the detonating cord 14b into the spiral groove 14a of the explosive rod 14, and fix the lower end of the detonating cord 14b in the conical guide head 15; (2) The high explosive shell 19c is loaded into the upper step hole of the explosive transmission assembly shell 19a from above, and the high explosive shell caps 19d at the upper and lower ends of the high explosive shell 19c are sealed with sealant to prevent the high explosive from getting wet. The small end of the explosive transmission assembly shell 19a is inserted upward into the center hole of the explosive transmission joint 13, and the large diameter section of the shell is positioned against the step of the center hole of the explosive transmission joint; the upper end of the explosive rod 14 is screwed to the explosive transmission joint 13, so that the lower end of the explosive transmission output pipe 19b is inserted into the center hole of the explosive rod, and the upper end of the detonating cord 14b is inserted into the explosive transmission output pipe 19b; (3) The screw plug 18 is screwed upward from the bottom into the screw hole of the detonation lower joint 12 to fix the detonator 17, and then the upper end of the detonation transmission joint 13 is screwed with the detonation lower joint 12 to connect the detonator 17 with the detonation transmission assembly 19; (4) Sleeve the firing pin bushing 16d on the lower end of the firing pin cylindrical part, insert the shear pin 16c into the corresponding pin holes of the firing pin bushing 16d and the firing pin 16b; insert the upper end of the firing pin 16b into the center hole of the detonation upper joint 11; (5) Then screw the detonating lower joint 12 under the detonating upper joint 11 so that the lower end of the firing pin bushing 16d is supported on the step of the detonating lower joint 12, and the upper end of the firing pin bushing 16d is against the lower end surface of the detonating upper joint 11; (6) The countersunk screws 12a are symmetrically screwed on the upper circumference of the detonating lower joint 12, and the inner ends of the countersunk screws 12a are respectively inserted into the annular grooves of the outer peripheral wall of the detonating upper joint 11; ⑺ Place the opening baffle 16a on the step below the female thread of the detonating upper joint, and then screw the detonating upper joint 11 to the lower end of the drill pipe; (8) Under the guidance of the conical guide head 15, the explosive rod 14 is lowered to the predetermined printing position along with the drill rod; (9) Turn on the mud pump to pressurize the inner cavity of the drill pipe to a set value. The pressure of the drilling fluid causes the shear pin 16c to be cut off, and the striker 16b moves downward rapidly. The lower tip of the striker 16b strikes the detonator 17 at high speed to detonate it and generate a shock wave. The shock wave is transmitted from the central hole 18a of the screw plug at the bottom of the screw plug 18 to the explosion transmission assembly 19 below; ⑽ The explosion shock wave transmission component 19 of the detonator 17 has a high explosive shell 19c, and the high explosive shell explodes to detonate the detonating cord 14b in the transmission output tube 19b. The detonating cord 14b is filled with high explosive, and the detonation speed is as high as 7800m / s, which explodes violently in an instant. Since the detonating cord 14b is wound in the spiral groove 14a of the explosive rod 14 for several weeks, the shock wave generated by the explosion acts on the piston, thereby achieving the effect of pressurized printing.

[0039] The inner wall of the center hole of the detonating upper joint 11 is provided with an upper joint inner ring groove 11a, which surrounds the outer side of the upper circumference of the striker 16b. The upper joint radial hole 11b is symmetrically provided on the detonating upper joint 11 and is connected with the upper joint inner ring groove 11a. When the striker 16b is in an unlocked state, the drilling fluid in the inner cavity of the drill pipe, that is, the mud, is sealed by the O-ring on the outer periphery of the striker 16b; when the mud pump is pressurized to the set value, the shear pin 16c is cut off, and the striker 16b quickly moves downward to hit the detonator 17, at which time the upper joint radial hole 11b is exposed, and the drilling fluid in the inner cavity of the drill pipe flows out from the upper joint inner ring groove 11a and the upper joint radial hole 11b, and the pressure of the mud pump fluctuates violently. The construction personnel on the well know that the explosive pressurization printing has been achieved underground through the fluctuation of the mud pump pressure.

[0040] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention, but does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other implementation modes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The present invention may also have various changes and improvements, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention. The scope of protection required by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents. The technical features not described in the present invention can be realized by or using existing technologies, which will not be repeated here.

Claims

1. A device for printing cracks in a well wall by using explosive shock waves to assist pressurization, comprising a hydraulic printing mechanism, characterized in that: The hydraulic printing mechanism comprises a cylinder, a printing section is arranged in the middle of the cylinder, a plurality of lead mold supports are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the cylinder of the printing section, a lead mold is respectively fitted to the outer wall of each lead mold support, each lead mold support is respectively driven by a plurality of pistons, and each piston is respectively embedded in a radial hole of the cylinder; an explosion mechanism capable of generating shock waves is arranged above the hydraulic printing mechanism.

2. The device for printing cracks on a well wall by using explosive shock wave assisted pressurization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The explosive mechanism comprises an upper detonating joint and a lower detonating joint which are screwed together, an upper detonating joint female thread is provided on the upper inner cavity of the upper detonating joint, a detonating joint is screwed on the lower end of the lower detonating joint, a downwardly extending explosive rod is screwed on the lower end of the explosive joint, an explosive rod center hole extending along the axis of the explosive rod is provided on the upper part of the explosive rod, a conical guide head is screwed on the lower end of the explosive rod; the lower end of the conical guide head is embedded in the center hole of a bracket plate, the bracket plate is fixed above the hydraulic printing mechanism, and flow holes are evenly distributed on the circumference of the bracket plate.

3. The device for printing cracks in a well wall by using explosive shock wave assisted pressurization according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Vertical flow grooves that penetrate vertically are evenly arranged on the circumference of the large end of the conical guide head.

4. The device for printing cracks in a well wall by using explosive shock wave assisted pressurization according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the explosive rod is provided with a spiral groove extending in a spiral manner, a detonating cord is embedded in the spiral groove, the lower end of the detonating cord is fixed in the conical guide head, and the upper end of the detonating cord is inserted into the explosive rod and fixed in the central hole of the explosive rod; The inner cavity of the detonating joint is provided with an explosive transmission assembly that can detonate the detonating cord, the lower part of the inner cavity of the detonating lower joint is equipped with a detonator that detonates the explosive transmission assembly, and the inner cavity of the detonating upper joint is equipped with a pressure detonating device that can impact the detonator; countersunk screws are symmetrically screwed on the upper circumference of the detonating lower joint, and the inner ends of the countersunk screws are respectively inserted into annular grooves on the outer peripheral wall of the detonating upper joint.

5. The device for printing cracks in a well wall by using explosive shock wave assisted pressurization according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The pressure detonating device includes an open baffle and a firing pin located at the lower part of the inner cavity of the detonating upper joint, the open baffle is located below the female thread of the detonating upper joint, the firing pin is located below the open baffle and extends downward along the center hole of the detonating upper joint, and the outer periphery of the firing pin is sealed with the center hole of the detonating upper joint by an O-ring; the lower end of the firing pin is inserted into the inner cavity of the detonating lower joint, a shear pin is inserted on the circumference of the lower end of the firing pin, the outer end of the shear pin is embedded in a firing pin bushing, the lower end of the firing pin bushing is supported on the step of the detonating lower joint, and the upper end of the firing pin bushing is against the lower end surface of the detonating upper joint; the lower end tip of the firing pin is aligned with the upper end center of the detonator.

6. The device for printing cracks on a well wall by using explosive shock wave assisted pressurization according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The inner cavity of the detonator is sealed and filled with detonating explosive, the upper end of the detonator is located in the center hole of the detonating lower joint, the lower end of the detonator is inserted in the countersunk hole of the screw plug, the outer circumference of the screw plug is screwed into the lower screw hole of the detonating lower joint, and the bottom center of the screw plug is provided with a screw plug center hole which is connected with the screw plug countersunk hole.

7. The device for printing cracks on a well wall by using explosive shock wave assisted pressurization according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The explosive transmission assembly comprises an explosive transmission assembly shell located in the center hole of the explosive transmission joint, the upper part of the explosive transmission assembly shell is a shell small diameter section, the lower part of the explosive transmission assembly shell is a shell large diameter section, the outer periphery of the shell small diameter section is sealed with the center hole of the explosive transmission joint through an O-ring, the upper part of the shell large diameter section abuts against the step of the center hole of the explosive transmission joint, the lower end center of the shell large diameter section is connected with an explosive transmission output tube extending downward, the inner cavity of the explosive transmission output tube is connected with the center hole of the explosive transmission assembly shell, the lower end of the explosive transmission output tube is inserted into the center hole of the explosive rod, and the upper end of the detonating cord is inserted into the explosive transmission output tube; a high explosive shell is installed at the upper part of the center hole of the explosive transmission assembly shell, the lower end of the high explosive shell is supported on the step of the center hole of the explosive transmission assembly shell, the inner cavity of the high explosive shell is installed with high explosive, and the two ends of the high explosive shell are closed by high explosive shell caps.

8. The device for printing cracks on a well wall by using explosive shock wave assisted pressurization according to claim 7, characterized in that: An upper joint inner ring groove is arranged on the inner wall of the center hole of the detonating upper joint, and the upper joint inner ring groove surrounds the outer side of the upper circumference of the firing pin. The detonating upper joint is symmetrically provided with upper joint radial holes which are connected with the upper joint inner ring groove.

9. The device for printing cracks in a well wall by using explosive shock wave assisted pressurization according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper mandrel is provided in the central hole of the cylinder, and a piston slope is provided at the inner end of each piston. The piston slopes of each piston located on the same circumference are respectively against the wedge-shaped slopes on the outer circumference of the same taper sleeve. The taper sleeves are sequentially mounted and fixed on the outer circumference of the upper mandrel. The wedge-shaped slopes on the taper sleeves are centrally symmetrically arranged and the lower ends are respectively inclined toward the axis direction of the cylinder; dovetail grooves are respectively provided on the wedge-shaped slopes of the taper sleeves, and dovetail tenons are respectively provided on the piston slopes of the pistons, and the dovetail tenons are respectively embedded in the corresponding dovetail grooves; The upper end of the upper core shaft is provided with an enlarged upper core shaft sealing section and the upper end of the upper core shaft center hole is provided with a ball seat, a return spring is provided below the step of the upper core shaft sealing section, the lower end of the return spring is supported on a spring seat, and the spring seat is fixed on the cylinder.

10. The device for printing cracks on a well wall by using explosive shock wave assisted pressurization according to claim 9, characterized in that: The lower end of the upper core shaft is screwed with the lower core shaft, the upper end of the lower core shaft is provided with a lower core shaft big end, the lower core shaft big end abuts against the bottom of the lowest cone sleeve, the lower end of the lower core shaft is inserted in the guide sleeve, and the guide sleeve is fixed in the inner cavity of the cylinder; an upper cylinder step is provided above the printing section, and a lower cylinder step is provided below the printing section, and the outer wall of each lead mold is located within the axial projection range of the upper cylinder step and the lower cylinder step.

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