Transient temperature field thermal dose measuring device and method based on hard magnet

Abstract

The invention discloses a transient temperature field thermal dose measuring device and method based on a hard magnet, and aims to solve the problems that an existing temperature measuring method is large in error, insufficient in response speed and prone to generating interference of a measured temperature field. The measuring device is composed of a packaging shell, a temperature sensing element, a buffer sheet, a circular tube, a sliding block, a spring, a base and a screw. The temperature sensing element, the buffer plate, the round tube and the base are coaxially installed in the packaging shell from right to left, the round tube is connected with the base through internal threads at the left end, the right end of the round tube is tightly attached to the left end face of the buffer plate, the sliding block and the spring are coaxially installed in the round tube, the right end of the spring is connected with the left end of the sliding block, and the left end of the spring is fixed to the right end face of the base. According to the measurement method, the heat dose is quantitatively converted into the magnetic field intensity of the hard magnet by utilizing the heating demagnetization characteristic of the hard magnet, so that the rapid quantitative passive measurement of the heat flux of the transient temperature field is realized. The device is simple, low in cost, high in anti-interference capability, rapid in layout, small in measurement method error, high in response speed and free of interference of a measured temperature field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of measurement and detection, and specifically relates to a device and method for measuring transient temperature field thermal dose, which is a passive measurement device and method for measuring transient temperature field thermal dose by utilizing the heating and demagnetization characteristics of a magnet. Background Art

[0002] In national defense, military and industrial production activities, transient temperature fields (transient temperature fields refer to temperatures that exist for seconds or even milliseconds) are often formed in some scenarios, such as explosive explosions, gas explosions and mine blasting. In these cases, measuring the thermal dose of the transient temperature field can effectively evaluate the damage effect of the temperature field on surrounding personnel and objects, which is of great significance for practical applications. Therefore, related research on transient temperature field thermal dose measurement has become a research hotspot.

[0003] The existing principle of thermal dose measurement for temperature field is to obtain thermal dose by measuring the temperature at a given position. According to the relationship between the temperature sensing element and the target temperature field, the temperature field temperature measurement can be divided into contact temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement. Non-contact temperature measurement mainly converts the light signal emitted by the explosion fireball into an electrical signal output, and then obtains the explosion field thermal load parameters based on the relationship between the electrical signal and the temperature. The advantages of non-contact temperature measurement are that the temperature sensing element is small in size, has no metal material, has complete electrical insulation, is not affected by harsh conditions such as high voltage and strong electromagnetic fields, can resist chemical corrosion and is pollution-free. The specific methods mainly include: infrared radiation temperature measurement method, fluorescence temperature measurement method, multi-spectral temperature measurement method and acoustic temperature measurement method. The basic principle of infrared radiation temperature measurement is the blackbody radiation law. The temperature is determined by measuring the infrared light and emissivity emitted by the object being measured. Therefore, this method is greatly affected by the emissivity of the object being measured. Usually, the emissivity of the object being measured changes with temperature, so it is difficult to accurately measure the temperature in the actual measurement process; fluorescence temperature measurement is to use the fluorescence intensity ratio or fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent material excited by heat to achieve temperature measurement, but since the transient temperature field is in a dynamic state, it is impossible to apply the fluorescent material, so the fluorescence temperature measurement method is not suitable for transient temperature field measurement; multi-spectral temperature measurement is based on the radiation power of two or more given wavelengths emitted by the object being measured, and the temperature of the object being measured is obtained according to the ratio between different wavelengths. It is suitable for objects with unknown emissivity, but its action target is limited to objects with high radiation energy density. This method can be used for transient temperature field measurement, but the band selection is more difficult, and it is necessary to select a suitable band according to the temperature field being measured. Acoustic temperature measurement measures the propagation speed of sound waves in the gas medium, and obtains the gas temperature according to the functional relationship between the propagation speed and the absolute temperature of the gas, but the transient temperature field lasts for a long time and the temperature changes rapidly, so the frequency of acoustic temperature measurement is difficult to match.

[0004] Contact temperature measurement methods mainly include pressure temperature measurement, fiber optic temperature measurement and thermoelectric temperature measurement. The pressure temperature measurement method uses pressure as a sign of temperature and indicates the temperature by measuring the pressure change of a constant volume of gas. The fiber optic temperature measurement method is to penetrate the fiber optic probe into the heat source to measure the temperature; the thermoelectric temperature measurement method indicates the temperature based on the corresponding relationship between the material temperature and the electrical quantity. When using these three contact temperature measurement methods, the temperature sensing element needs to be in direct contact with the target to be measured, and then measure the temperature. As a commonly used measuring element in the contact temperature measurement method of the explosion field, the thermocouple has the advantages of a wide temperature measurement range, high accuracy, and is not restricted by the temperature measurement environment. However, during the temperature measurement process, the temperature sensing element needs to be in full contact with the measured object and reach thermal equilibrium. Therefore, the disadvantages of the contact temperature measurement method are also obvious: due to the heat transfer process with the measured object during the contact temperature measurement process, the response speed is limited; at the same time, the temperature sensing element is in contact with the measured object, which interferes with the measured temperature field. In summary, the existing measurement methods have at least the following technical problems:

[0005] 1. The existing non-contact temperature measurement is greatly affected by the emissivity of the object being measured, is easily interfered by other factors, the measured temperature is the surface temperature of the object being measured, and the surrounding medium is prone to cause measurement errors. It is impossible to accurately measure the thermal dose of the transient temperature field.

[0006] 2. The existing contact temperature measurement method has problems such as insufficient response speed and interference with temperature field measurement due to contact with the object being measured.

[0007] This causes errors in the measurement results.

[0008] As the temperature rises, the magnet will demagnetize, and the higher the temperature, the weaker the magnetism of the magnet. Therefore, the measurement of transient temperature field heat flux can also be obtained by measuring the demagnetization degree of certain magnets. Through reasonable design, the temperature rise range of the magnet is within its highest operating temperature. Some temperature-sensitive magnetic materials are ideal temperature-sensitive materials for measuring transient temperature fields. The magnetic field strength of the magnet will gradually decrease with the increase of temperature, and when the Curie point is reached, the magnetism disappears completely. Within the operating temperature range, after the temperature of the magnet rises and then drops to room temperature, its residual magnetization will also decrease. There is a definite functional relationship between the magnetic field strength and residual magnetization of the magnet and the temperature, and the magnetic field strength can be intuitively expressed by the magnetic force. In addition, the magnet is usually a metal material with good thermal conductivity, which makes the magnet suitable for quantitative measurement of transient temperature field heat dose. Depending on the composition, the magnet can form a variety of measurement structures corresponding to transient temperature fields of different intensities to achieve relatively accurate measurement. By selecting magnetic materials with stable performance and a wide operating temperature range, a transient temperature field heat flux measuring device with stable structure and reliable performance can be produced.

[0009] At present, magnetic materials are mainly used in industrial transportation and low-temperature superconductivity, and there is no public report on the use of magnetic materials to prepare transient temperature field thermal dose measurement devices. Summary of the invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device and method based on hard magnets, so as to solve the problems that the existing non-contact temperature measurement method is greatly affected by the emissivity of the measured object, is easily affected by other factors, the measured temperature is the surface temperature of the measured target, and the surrounding medium is easy to cause measurement errors; and to make up for the shortcomings of the existing contact temperature measurement method, such as insufficient response speed and interference with the measured temperature field caused by contact with the measured object. The provided measurement device has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-interference ability, fast deployment, convenient post-processing and high measurement accuracy. It can be used for the measurement of transient temperature field thermal doses of different intensity levels, and provides a new reference option for the measurement of transient temperature field thermal doses. The provided measurement method is not affected by the emissivity of the measured object, has a small measurement error, a fast response speed, and is not interfered by the measured temperature field. The present invention utilizes the heating and demagnetization characteristics of hard magnets to quantitatively convert the thermal dose into the magnetic field strength of the hard magnet, thereby realizing the rapid quantitative passive measurement of transient temperature field heat flux.

[0011] The present invention is composed of a packaging shell, a temperature sensing element, a buffer sheet, a round tube, a slider, a spring, a base, and a bolt. The end close to the temperature sensing element is defined as the right end, and the end away from the temperature sensing element is defined as the left end. The small disc at the right end of the temperature sensing element is inserted into the annular groove at the right end of the packaging shell to package the right end of the packaging shell. The base is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell by bolts to package the left end of the packaging shell. The temperature sensing element, the buffer sheet, the round tube, and the base are coaxially installed in the packaging shell from right to left. The round tube is connected to the base through the internal thread at the left end, and the right end of the round tube is close to the left end face of the buffer sheet. The slider and the spring are coaxially installed in the round tube from right to left, the right end of the spring is connected to the left end of the slider through a binder, and the left end of the spring is fixed to the right end face of the base.

[0012] The packaging shell is cylindrical. The outer diameter D of the packaging shell is 1 Meet 0.02m <D 1 <0.03m, wall thickness t 1 Meet 0.005m <t 1 <0.01m, inner diameter d 1 =D 1 -2t 1 , length L 1 Meet 0.08m <L 1 <0.2m; an annular groove coaxial with the central axis OO' of the encapsulation shell is processed from the outer wall to the inside at the right end of the encapsulation shell, and the depth of the annular groove is L 12 Meet 0.0005m <L 12<0.004m, inner diameter d of the annular groove 12 =4d 1 / 5, the outer diameter of the annular groove = D 1 The temperature sensing element is inserted into the annular groove of the package shell through the small disc on the right end; the left end face of the package shell is processed with 4 evenly distributed screw holes, and the distance between the center of the screw hole and the center axis OO' of the package shell is r 1 =(D 1 +d 1 ) / 4, screw hole diameter Φ 1 Satisfy 0.002m<Φ 1 <0.004m, depth of screw hole t 11 Meet 0.005m <t 11 <0.015m; the base is fixed to the left end of the package shell by bolts passing through 4 screw holes; the outer wall and left and right end faces of the package shell are coated with a heat insulation layer, so that there is no heat exchange inside and outside the package shell, thereby achieving a heat insulation effect. The thickness of the heat insulation layer is t 9 Meet 0.00001m <t 9 <0.001m, thermal conductivity λ 1 Satisfy 0.01W / (m·K)<λ 1 <0.04W / (m·K). The package shell is made of metal or organic glass, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ 1 >150MPa, density ρ 1 >1.0g / cm 3 The requirement principle is that the packaging shell does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to external impact.

[0013] The temperature sensing element is used to absorb the heat of the transient temperature field, causing its own temperature rise, thereby changing the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element. The temperature sensing element is in the shape of a two-stage stepped cylinder, consisting of a large disk and a small disk. The thickness of the large disk is t 21 Meet 0.0002m <t 21 <0.001m, the diameter of the large disk D 21 Equal to the inner diameter d of the encapsulating shell 1 The thickness of the small disk is t 22 Equal to the length L of the annular groove on the right end of the packaging shell 12 , the diameter of the small disk is D 22 Equal to the inner diameter d of the annular groove at the right end of the encapsulating shell 12 The temperature sensing element is inserted into the annular groove on the right end of the package shell through a small disc. The temperature sensing element is made of hard magnets with a maximum operating temperature range of 80℃ to 300℃, and the material is required to not produce plastic deformation under external impact. The specific requirements are that the material meets the following requirements: yield strength σ 2 >200MPa, density ρ 2 >2.0g / cm3 , magnetic induction intensity Br 1 Meet 12000Gs <Br 1 <13000Gs, and can withstand high temperatures of 1000℃~10000℃ for 1 second to 10 minutes.

[0014] The buffer sheet is used to isolate the heat dissipation of the temperature sensing element and the interference of other factors of transient high temperature field on the internal of the measuring device. It is in the shape of a disk with a diameter of D 3 Equal to the inner diameter d of the encapsulating shell 1 , thickness t 3 Meet 0.001m <t 3 <0.003m. The buffer sheet is made of polymer material with good buffering and energy absorption performance and strong heat insulation ability. The specific requirement is that the material meets the yield strength σ 3 >30MPa, density ρ 3 <1.0g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ 3 <0.4W / (m·K); the buffer sheet is located between the round tube and the temperature sensing element, and is clamped and fixed in the packaging shell by the round tube and the temperature sensing element.

[0015] The round tube is used to limit the movement direction of the slider and can intuitively record the maximum displacement of the slider during the measurement process. The round tube is in the shape of a cylinder with a length of L 4 =L 1 -L 12 -t 21 -t 3 , outer diameter D 4 Equal to the inner diameter d of the packaging shell 1 1 , wall thickness t 4 Meet 0.001m <t 4 <0.003m, inner diameter d 4 =D 4 -2t 4 The left end of the round tube is processed with internal threads, and the middle diameter of the internal threads is Φ 41 Equal to the inner diameter d of the tube 4 , length of internal thread L 41 Meet 0.005m <L 41 <0.008m, the round tube is connected to the base through internal threads. The round tube is made of a polymer material with good light transmittance and certain strength. The specific requirements are that the material meets the requirements of light transmittance higher than 80% and yield strength σ 4 >20MPa, density ρ 4 <1.2g / cm 3 ; The inner wall surface of the round tube is polished to reduce friction when the slider moves; the round tube is between the base and the buffer sheet, and the buffer sheet is pressed tightly against the left end of the temperature sensing element.

[0016] The slider is used to reflect the change of the magnetic field strength of the temperature sensing element. Under the action of the spring and the temperature sensing element, it slides in the round tube and has a cylindrical shape. The cylinder diameter D 5 Satisfy D 5 =d 4 , cylinder length L 5 Meet 0.005m <L 5 <0.008m, the end face of the slider is processed with 4 evenly distributed through holes, the distance from the center of the through hole to the center of the end face is r 5 =D 5 / 4, through hole diameter d 51 Satisfy 51 =D 5 / 5; The slider is made of hard magnetic material, and the specific requirement is that the material meets the magnetic induction intensity Br 2 Meet 2000Gs <Br 2 <4000Gs, density ρ 5 Satisfy ρ 5 <9.0g / cm 3 The slider is located in the round tube, the side of the slider is polished, and the friction coefficient between the slider and the round tube is less than 0.01. Colored ink is applied to the side of the slider to record the maximum movement position of the slider in the round tube.

[0017] Before measuring the transient temperature field, the position of the slider is x 1 After transient temperature field loading, the encapsulation shell is removed, the round tube is taken out, and the maximum motion position x of the slider is recorded. 2 , we get the displacement of the slider ε=x 1 -x 2 , when interpreting, it should be ensured that the slider does not move any more. The corresponding relationship between the thermal dose (Q) and the displacement (ε) of the present invention is calibrated by the thermal dose-displacement calibration test. According to the displacement of the slider before and after the transient temperature field is loaded, the thermal dose Q (unit: J / m 2 ), thereby achieving rapid passive quantitative measurement of thermal dose in transient temperature fields.

[0018] The slider slides in the round tube under the action of the spring and the temperature sensing element, which is used to characterize the change of the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element. The slider is in the shape of a disk with a diameter D 5 Equal to the inner diameter d of the tube 4 , thickness L 5 Meet 0.005m <L 5 <0.008m. The slider has 4 evenly distributed through holes along the axial direction. The distance from the center of the through hole to the center axis OO' is r 5 =D 5 / 4, through hole diameter d 51 =D 5 / 5. The slider is made of hard magnetic material, and the specific requirement is that the material meets the magnetic induction intensity Br 2 Meet 2000Gs <Br 2 <4000Gs, density ρ 5 Satisfy ρ 5 <9.0g / cm 3 The slider is located in the round tube, the side of the slider is polished, and the friction coefficient between the slider and the round tube is less than 0.01. Colored ink is applied to the side of the slider to record the maximum movement position of the slider in the round tube.

[0019] The spring is used to control the displacement of the slider during the measurement process. Spring outer diameter D 6 Satisfy D 6 =0.8d 4 , initial length of spring L 6 Meet L 6 =L 4 -L 5 -L 41 The spring is made of non-magnetic metal material, and the specific requirements are that the spring elastic coefficient k 6 Satisfy k 6 <10000N·m, density ρ 6 Satisfy ρ 6 >2.0g / cm 3 , the yield strength satisfies σ 6 >100MPa; the left and right ends of the spring are ground flat, and the right end of the spring and the left end of the slider, as well as the left end of the spring and the right end of the base are connected by adhesive.

[0020] The base is used to package the left end of the package shell and install the measuring device. It is in the shape of a two-stage stepped cylinder, consisting of a disc and a cylinder. The diameter of the disc is D 71 Equal to the outer diameter D of the package shell 1 , length L 71 Meet 0.005m <L 71 <0.01m. There is a central threaded hole on the left end of the disk, and the center diameter of the central threaded hole is Φ 73 Satisfy 0.008m<Φ 73 <0.012m, center thread hole depth t 73 Meet 0.01m <t 73 <0.015m, the sensor device is fixed by connecting the central threaded hole to the fixed object. The disc is processed with 4 evenly distributed screw holes, and the distance between the center of the screw hole and the center of the end face is r 7 Equal to the distance r from the center of the screw hole on the left end of the package shell to the center of the end circle 1 , screw hole diameter Φ 74 Equal to the diameter of the screw hole on the left end of the package shell Φ 1, bolts pass through the screw holes to connect the base to the package shell. Cylinder length L 72 Equal to the internal thread length L of the round tube 41 , the cylindrical side is processed with external threads, the middle diameter of the external threads is Φ 75 Equal to the middle diameter of the internal thread at the left end of the round tube Φ 41 , the length of the external thread is equal to L 72 , used to connect the base to the round tube. The base is made of metal material, and the specific requirement is that the material meets the yield strength σ 7 >200MPa,ρ 7 >2.0g / cm 3 .

[0021] Bolts are used to connect the base to the packaging shell. The thread size is Φ 8 Satisfy Φ 8 =Φ 1 , length L 8 Meet L 8 =L 71 +t 11 Specific requirements for materials to meet the yield strength σ 8 >200MPa,ρ 8 >2.0g / cm 3 , the strength grade is not less than 8.8.

[0022] The method for measuring transient temperature field thermal dose using the transient temperature field thermal dose measuring device based on hard magnets of the present invention is as follows:

[0023] Step 1: Conduct thermal dose-displacement calibration test:

[0024] 1.1 Arrange the temperature sensing element, spring and slider on the same horizontal plane according to their relative positions in the measuring device, and record the initial temperature T of the temperature sensing element. 0 and mass m 2 ;

[0025] 1.2 Record the initial position x of the slider 0 , use a heating plate (for example: HTL-500EX heating plate of Shenzhen Boda Jingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., LY-TS1 heating plate of Changzhou Jintan Liangyou Instrument Co., Ltd., XY-1 heating plate of Yancheng Xuanyuan Heating Equipment Technology Co., Ltd.) to heat the temperature sensing element, and the temperature rise range is required to be within the working temperature range of the temperature sensing element.

[0026] 1.3 Measure the temperature T of the temperature sensing element 1 , combined with the specific heat capacity c of the temperature sensing element, the thermal dose Q absorbed by the temperature sensing element is obtained, Q = cm 2 (T 1 -T 0 ), according to the loading time t, the thermal dose curve Q(t) is obtained by fitting

[0027] 1.4 While measuring the temperature of the temperature sensing element, measure the position x of the slider h , we get the displacement of the slider ε=x h -x 0 , combined with the loading time t, the displacement curve ε(t) is fitted;

[0028] 1.5 Combine the thermal dose curve Q(t) with the displacement curve ε(t) to obtain the corresponding relationship between thermal dose (Q) and displacement (ε);

[0029] In the second step, the small disc at the right end of the temperature sensing element is clamped in the annular groove at the right end of the packaging shell 1, the buffer sheet is installed at the left end of the temperature sensing element, the slider is fixed to the right end of the spring with adhesive, the base is fixed to the left end of the spring with adhesive, the round tube is fixed to the right end of the base through an internal thread, and the base is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell through bolts to form a measuring device, which is firmly fixed to the ground or a solid support through the center threaded hole of the base.

[0030] The third step is to place the explosive 3m to 5m away from the right end of the measuring device, with the right end of the measuring device facing the center of the explosive, that is, the center of the explosive and the axis of the measuring device are both on the central axis OO'. Check whether the temperature sensing element and the packaging shell are in close contact, and ensure that the slider and the round tube can slide freely. Measure and record the initial position of the slider (that is, the distance from the left end of the round tube to the slider in the round tube) x 1 , apply colored ink on the side wall of the slider and place the slider into the round tube.

[0031] The fourth step is to obtain a transient temperature field by detonating the explosive at the right end of the test device. The temperature sensing element is heated by the explosion field, but the temperature does not rise, resulting in a decrease in magnetism. The spring tension on the slider is greater than the magnetic force on the temperature sensing element, causing the slider to accelerate to the left. The slider slides to the left in the tube. When the spring tension on the slider and the magnetic force on the temperature sensing element are balanced again, the slider stops moving. After the transient temperature field ends, measure the distance x between the slider and the left end of the tube. 2 .

[0032] Step 5: Calculate the displacement of the slider in the tube, ε = x 1 -x 2 .

[0033] Step 6: According to the displacement ε of the slider in the circular tube, the thermal dose Q (unit: J / m 2 ), to achieve rapid passive quantitative measurement of thermal dose in transient temperature fields.

[0034] Step 7: The test device can be reused by removing the base and replacing it with a new round tube.

[0035] The following technical effects can be achieved by adopting the present invention:

[0036] 1. The present invention can obtain the thermal dose of the transient temperature field on the temperature sensing element by measuring the maximum displacement of the slider before and after the experiment, and complete the quantitative test of the thermal dose of the transient temperature field.

[0037] 2. The temperature sensing element material of the present invention with different working ranges can be prepared by adopting different magnet formulas. The temperature sensing element can also be combined with a slider so that the sensor can form a richer specification. According to the magnetization strength of the temperature sensing element and the slider and the elastic coefficient of the spring, a higher response speed can be achieved for transient temperature fields of high, medium and low temperatures, thereby enabling rapid measurement of thermal doses of different types of transient temperature fields. The test device can be placed in the temperature field to measure the thermal dose at a given position without being disturbed by the complex electromagnetic environment, so that the displacement of the slider of the test device is accurate; the test device can measure without reaching the temperature of the transient temperature field, which reduces interference with the measured temperature field and further improves the accuracy of measuring the thermal dose of the explosion field.

[0038] 3. The present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, no need for power supply, easy deployment and use, simple and intuitive results, low use cost, and reusability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 Axial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the packaging shell.

[0042] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the temperature sensing element.

[0043] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the buffer sheet.

[0044] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a circular tube.

[0045] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the slider.

[0046] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the base.

[0047] Description of reference numerals:

[0048] 1. Packaging shell, 2. Temperature sensing element, 3. Buffer sheet, 4. Round tube, 5. Slider, 6. Spring, 7. Base, 8. Bolt, 9. Thermal insulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0050] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the measuring device of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is composed of a packaging shell 1, a temperature sensing element 2, a buffer sheet 3, a round tube 4, a slider 5, a spring 6, a base 7, and a bolt 8. The end close to the temperature sensing element 2 is defined as the right end, and the end away from the temperature sensing element 2 is defined as the left end. The small disc 22 at the right end of the temperature sensing element 2 is inserted into the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell 1 to package the right end of the packaging shell 1. The base 7 is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell 1 by bolts 8 to package the left end of the packaging shell 1. The temperature sensing element 2, the buffer sheet 3, the round tube 4, and the base 7 are coaxially installed in the packaging shell 1 from right to left. The round tube 4 is connected to the base 7 by the left end internal thread 41, and the right end of the round tube 4 is close to the left end face of the buffer sheet 3. The slider 5 and the spring 6 are coaxially installed in the round tube 4 from right to left, the right end of the spring 6 is connected to the left end of the slider 5 by a binder, and the left end of the spring 6 is fixed to the right end face of the base 7.

[0051] Figure 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention, Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the packaging shell 1. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the packaging shell 1 is cylindrical. The outer diameter D of the packaging shell 1 is 1 Meet 0.02m <D 1 <0.03m, wall thickness t 1 Meet 0.005m <t 1 <0.01m, inner diameter d 1 =D 1 -2t 1 , length L 1 Meet 0.08m <L 1 <0.2m; the right end of the encapsulating shell 1 is processed from the outer wall inwardly with an annular groove 12 coaxial with the central axis OO' of the encapsulating shell 1, and the depth of the annular groove 12 is L 12 Meet 0.0005m <L 12 <0.004m, inner diameter d of the annular groove 12 12 =4d 1 / 5, the outer diameter of the annular groove 12 = D 1 The temperature sensing element 2 is inserted into the annular groove 12 of the package shell 1 through the small disc 22 at the right end; the left end surface of the package shell 1 is processed with 4 evenly distributed screw holes 11, and the center of the screw hole 11 is the distance r from the center axis OO' of the package shell 1 1 =(D 1+d 1 ) / 4, screw hole 11 middle diameter Φ 1 Satisfy 0.002m<Φ 1 <0.004m, depth t of screw hole 11 11 Meet 0.005m <t 11 <0.015m; the base 7 is fixed to the left end of the encapsulation shell 1 by means of bolts 8 passing through four screw holes 11; the outer wall and left and right end faces of the encapsulation shell 1 are coated with a heat insulation layer 9, so that there is no heat exchange inside and outside the encapsulation shell 1, thereby achieving a heat insulation effect. The thickness of the heat insulation layer 9 is t 9 Meet 0.00001m <t 9 <0.001m, thermal conductivity λ 1 Satisfy 0.01W / (m·K)<λ 1 <0.04W / (m·K). The packaging shell 1 is made of metal material or organic glass, and the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ 1 >150MPa, density ρ 1 >1.0g / cm 3 The requirement principle is that the packaging shell 1 does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to external impact.

[0052] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the temperature sensing element 2. Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the temperature sensing element 2 is used to absorb the heat of the transient temperature field, causing its own temperature rise, thereby changing the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element 2. The temperature sensing element 2 is in the shape of a two-stage stepped cylinder, consisting of a large disk 21 and a small disk 22. The thickness t of the large disk 21 is 21 Meet 0.0002m <t 21 <0.001m, diameter D of the large disk 21 21 Equal to the inner diameter d of the packaging shell 1 1 The thickness t of the small disk 22 is 22 Equal to the length L of the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell 1 12 , the diameter D of the small disk 22 22 Equal to the inner diameter d of the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell 1 12 The temperature sensing element 2 is inserted into the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell 1 through the small disc 22. The temperature sensing element 2 is made of a hard magnet with a maximum operating temperature range of 80°C to 300°C, and the material is required to not produce plastic deformation under external impact. Specifically, the material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength σ 2 >200MPa, density ρ 2 >2.0g / cm 3 , magnetic induction intensity Br 1 Meet 12000Gs <Br 1<13000Gs, and can withstand high temperatures of 1000℃~10000℃ for 1 second to 10 minutes.

[0053] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the buffer sheet 3. Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the buffer sheet 3 is used to isolate the heat dissipation of the temperature sensing element 2 and the interference of other factors of the transient high temperature field on the inside of the measuring device. The shape is a disk, and its diameter D 3 Equal to the inner diameter d of the packaging shell 1 1 , thickness t 3 Meet 0.001m <t 3 <0.003m. The buffer sheet 3 is made of a polymer material with good buffering and energy absorption performance and strong heat insulation ability. The specific requirement is that the material meets the yield strength σ 3 >30MPa, density ρ 3 <1.0g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ 3 <0.4W / (m·K); the buffer sheet 3 is located between the round tube 4 and the temperature sensing element 2, and is clamped and fixed in the packaging shell 1 by the round tube 4 and the temperature sensing element 2.

[0054] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the circular tube 4. Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the round tube 4 is used to limit the movement direction of the slider 5 and can intuitively record the maximum displacement of the slider 5 during the measurement process. The round tube 4 is in the shape of a cylinder and its length L 4 =L 1 -L 12 -t 21 -t 3 , outer diameter D 4 Equal to the inner diameter d of the packaging shell 1 1 , wall thickness t 4 Meet 0.001m <t 4 <0.003m, inner diameter d 4 =D 4 -2t 4 The left end of the round tube 4 is processed with an internal thread 41, and the middle diameter of the internal thread 41 is Φ 41 Equal to the inner diameter d of the tube 4 4 , the length L of the internal thread 41 41 Meet 0.005m <L 41 <0.008m, the round tube 4 is connected to the base 7 through the internal thread 41. The round tube 4 is made of a polymer material with good light transmittance and certain strength. The specific requirements are that the material meets the requirements of light transmittance higher than 80% and yield strength σ 4 >20MPa, density ρ 4 <1.2g / cm 3The inner wall surface of the circular tube 4 is polished to reduce the friction when the slider 5 moves; the circular tube 4 is located between the base 7 and the buffer sheet 3, and the buffer sheet 3 is pressed tightly against the left end of the temperature sensing element 2.

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, the spring 6 is used to control the displacement of the slider during the measurement process. The outer diameter of the spring D 6 Satisfy D 6 =0.8d 4 , initial length of spring L 6 Meet L 6 =L 4 -L 5 -L 41 The spring is made of non-magnetic metal material, and the specific requirements are that the spring elastic coefficient k 6 Satisfy k 6 <10000N·m, density ρ 6 Satisfy ρ 6 >2.0g / cm 3 , the yield strength satisfies σ 6 >100MPa; the left and right ends of the spring 6 are ground flat, and the right end of the spring 6 and the left end of the slider 5, and the left end of the spring 6 and the right end of the base 7 are connected by adhesive.

[0056] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the slider 5. Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the slider 5 slides in the round tube 4 under the action of the spring 6 and the temperature sensing element 2, which is used to characterize the change of the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element 2. The slider 5 is in the shape of a disk, and its diameter D 5 Equal to the inner diameter d of the tube 4 4 , thickness L 5 Meet 0.005m <L 5 <0.008m. The slider 5 is processed with four evenly distributed through holes 51 along the axial direction, and the distance r from the center of the through hole 51 to the central axis OO' is 5 =D 5 / 4, through hole 51 diameter d 51 =D 5 / 5. The slider 5 is made of hard magnetic material, and the specific requirement is that the material meets the magnetic induction intensity Br 2 Meet 2000Gs <Br 2 <4000Gs, density ρ 5 Satisfy ρ 5 <9.0g / cm 3 The slider 5 is located in the circular tube 4, the side of the slider 5 is polished, and the friction coefficient between the slider 5 and the circular tube 4 is less than 0.01. The side of the slider 5 is coated with colored ink to record the maximum movement position of the slider 5 in the circular tube 4.

[0057] Figure 8is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the base 7. Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, the base 7 is used to package the left end of the packaging shell 1 and install the measuring device. The shape is a two-stage stepped cylinder, consisting of a disk 71 and a cylinder 72. The diameter D of the disk 71 is 71 Equal to the outer diameter D of the packaging shell 1 1 , length L 71 Meet 0.005m <L 71 <0.01m. The left end face of the disk 71 is processed with a central threaded hole 73, the center diameter of the central threaded hole 73 is Φ 73 Satisfy 0.008m<Φ 73 <0.012m, center threaded hole 73 depth t 73 Meet 0.01m <t 73 <0.015m, the sensor device is fixed by connecting the central threaded hole 73 with the fixed object. The disk 71 is processed with 4 evenly distributed screw holes 74, and the distance between the center of the screw hole 74 and the center of the end face is r 7 Equal to the distance r from the center of the screw hole 11 on the left end face of the package shell 1 to the center of the end face circle 1 , screw hole 74 middle diameter Φ 74 Equal to the middle diameter of the screw hole 11 on the left end face of the package shell 1 Φ 1 . Cylinder 72 length L 72 Equal to the length L of the internal thread 41 of the round tube 4 41 The side of the cylinder 72 is processed with an external thread 75, and the middle diameter of the external thread 75 is Φ 75 Equal to the middle diameter of the internal thread at the left end of the round tube 4 Φ 41 , the length of the external thread is equal to L 72 The base 7 is made of metal material, and the specific requirements are that the material meets the yield strength σ7>200MPa, ρ7>2.0g / cm 3 .

[0058] Bolt 8 thread size Φ 8 Satisfy Φ 8 =Φ 1 , length L 8 Meet L 8 =L 71 +t 11 The material used for bolt 8 meets the yield strength σ 8 >200MPa,ρ 8 >2.0g / cm 3 , the strength grade is not less than 8.8.

[0059] The main parameters of an embodiment of the present invention are as follows: 1 =0.03m,t 1 =0.005m, d 1=0.02m, L 1 =0.09m, r 1 =0.0125m, L 12 =0.0025m, d 12 =0.016m, Φ 1 =0.002m,t 11 =0.01m,t 22 =0.0006m,t 3 =0.0015m, L 4 =0.0854m,t 4 =0.002m,d 4 =0.016m, L 41 =0.006m, L 5 =0.005m, r 5 =0.004m,d 51 =0.0032m, L 6 =0.744m, D 6 =0.0128m, L 71 =0.005m, t 73 =0.012m, Φ 73 =0.01m,t 9 =0.00005m. The packaging shell 1, the base (7) and the bolts (8) are all made of steel, and the yield strength of the steel is σ 1 =300MPa, density ρ 1 =7.8g / cm 3 ; The temperature sensing element (2) is made of neodymium iron boron magnet, and the yield strength σ 2 =800MPa, density ρ 2 =7.45g / cm 3 , magnetic induction intensity Br 1 =12500Gs; the buffer sheet (3) is made of high-density polyethylene, with a yield strength of σ 3 =30MPa, density ρ 3 =0.93g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ 3 =0.35W / (m·K); the round tube (4) is made of acrylic, with a light transmittance of 92% and a yield strength σ 4 =81MPa, density ρ 4 =1.18g / cm 3 ; The slider (5) is made of NdFeB magnet, with a yield strength σ 5 =800MPa, density ρ 5 =7.45g / cm3, magnetic induction intensity Br 2 =2000Gs; the spring (6) is made of stainless steel, with an elastic coefficient k 6=100N·m, density ρ 6 Satisfy ρ 6 =7.93g / cm 3 , the yield strength satisfies σ 6 =350MPa.

[0060] The method of measuring the thermal dose of transient temperature field by the measuring device designed according to the above parameters is:

[0061] Step 1: Conduct thermal dose-displacement calibration test:

[0062] 1.1 Arrange the temperature sensing element 2, spring 6 and slider 5 on the same horizontal plane according to their relative positions in the measuring device, and record the initial temperature T of the temperature sensing element. 0 and mass m 2 ;

[0063] 1.2 Record the initial position x of slider 5 0 The temperature sensing element (2) is heated by using an HTL-500EX heating plate produced by Shenzhen Boda Jingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the temperature rise range is required to be within the operating temperature range of the temperature sensing element 2.

[0064] 1.3 Measure the temperature T of the temperature sensing element 2 1 , combined with the specific heat capacity c of the temperature sensing element 2, the thermal dose Q absorbed by the temperature sensing element 2 is obtained, Q = cm 2 (T 1 -T 0 ), according to the loading time t, the thermal dose curve Q(t) is obtained by fitting

[0065] 1.4 While measuring the temperature of the temperature sensing element 2, measure the position x of the slider 5 h , we get the displacement of slider 5 ε=x h -x 0 , combined with the loading time t, the displacement curve ε(t) is fitted;

[0066] 1.5 Combine the thermal dose curve Q(t) with the displacement curve ε(t) to obtain the corresponding relationship between thermal dose (Q) and displacement (ε);

[0067] In the second step, the small disc 22 at the right end of the temperature sensing element 2 is clamped in the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell 1, the buffer sheet 3 is installed at the left end of the temperature sensing element 2, the slider 5 is fixed to the right end of the spring 6 with an adhesive, the base 7 is fixed to the left end of the spring 6 with an adhesive, the round tube 4 is fixed to the right end of the base 7 through the internal thread 41, and the base 7 is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell 1 through the bolt 8 to form a measuring device, which is firmly fixed to the ground or a firm support through the central threaded hole 73 of the base 7.

[0068] The third step is to place the explosive 3m to 5m away from the right end of the measuring device, with the right end of the measuring device facing the center of the explosive, that is, the center of the explosive and the axis of the measuring device are both on the central axis OO'. Check whether the temperature sensing element 2 and the packaging shell 1 are in close contact, and ensure that the slider 5 and the round tube 4 can slide freely. Measure and record the initial position of the slider 5 (that is, the distance from the left end of the round tube 4 to the slider 5 in the round tube 4) x 1 =0.002m, apply colored ink on the side wall of the slider 5, and place the slider 5 into the circular tube 4.

[0069] The fourth step is to obtain a transient temperature field by detonating the explosive at the right end of the test device (the explosive used in this experiment has an equivalent TNT weight of 30 kg). The temperature sensing element 2 is heated by the explosion field, but the temperature does not rise, resulting in a decrease in magnetism. The tension of the spring 6 on the slider 5 is greater than the magnetic force of the temperature sensing element 2, causing the slider 5 to accelerate to the left. The slider 5 slides to the left in the round tube 4. When the tension of the spring 6 on the slider 5 and the magnetic force of the temperature sensing element 2 are balanced again, the slider 5 stops moving. After the transient temperature field ends, measure the distance x between the slider 5 and the left end of the round tube 4. 2 =0.015m.

[0070] Step 5: Calculate the displacement ε of the slider 5 in the tube 4, ε = x 1 -x 2 =0.013m.

[0071] Step 6: According to the displacement ε of the slider 5 in the round tube, the thermal dose Q (unit: J / m 2 ), the transient temperature field at a distance of 4 m from the explosion center is obtained as Q = 161.21 kJ / m 2 .

[0072] In the seventh step, the base 7 is removed and replaced with a new round tube 4, so that the testing device can be reused.

[0073] The thermal dose measurement method of the present invention is simple, the physical process is clear, and it can be used to measure the thermal dose of explosive explosion, gas explosion and other complex and severe temperature fields, which is a new choice for thermal dose measurement.

[0074] The above implementation example is only one embodiment of the present invention, and its specific structure and size can be adjusted accordingly according to actual needs. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnets, characterized in that The transient temperature field thermal dose measuring device based on hard magnets is composed of a packaging shell (1), a temperature sensing element (2), a buffer sheet (3), a round tube (4), a slider (5), a spring (6), a base (7), and a bolt (8); the end close to the temperature sensing element (2) is defined as the right end, and the end away from the temperature sensing element (2) is defined as the left end; the small disc (22) at the right end of the temperature sensing element (2) is inserted into the annular groove (12) at the right end of the packaging shell (1) to package the right end of the packaging shell (1); the base (7) is fixed to the packaging shell (1) by bolts (8) The left end of the packaging shell (1) is packaged; the temperature sensing element (2), the buffer sheet (3), the round tube (4), and the base (7) are coaxially installed in the packaging shell (1) from right to left; the round tube (4) is connected to the base (7) through the left end internal thread (41), and the right end of the round tube (4) is closely attached to the left end surface of the buffer sheet (3); the slider (5) and the spring (6) are coaxially installed in the round tube (4) from right to left, the right end of the spring (6) is connected to the left end of the slider (5) through an adhesive, and the left end of the spring (6) is fixed to the right end surface of the base (7) through an adhesive; The encapsulating shell (1) is cylindrical; the outer diameter of the encapsulating shell (1) is D1, the wall thickness is t1, the inner diameter d1=D1-2t1, and the length is L1; the right end of the encapsulating shell (1) is processed from the outer wall to the inside with an annular groove (12) coaxial with the central axis OO' of the encapsulating shell (1), and the depth of the annular groove (12) is L 12 The inner diameter of the annular groove (12) is d 12 , the outer diameter of the annular groove (12) = D1; the left end surface of the packaging shell (1) is processed with four evenly distributed screw holes (11), the distance between the center of the screw hole (11) and the central axis OO' of the packaging shell (1) is r1, and the middle diameter of the screw hole (11) is Φ1; the base (7) is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell (1) by bolts (8) passing through the four screw holes (11); the outer side wall and the left and right end surfaces of the packaging shell (1) are coated with a heat insulation layer (9) so that there is no heat exchange between the inside and outside of the packaging shell (1); the packaging shell (1) is made of metal material or organic glass, and it is required that the packaging shell (1) does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to external impact; The temperature sensing element (2) is used to absorb the heat of the transient temperature field, causing its own temperature to rise, thereby changing the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element (2); the temperature sensing element (2) is in the shape of a two-stage stepped cylinder, and is composed of a large disk (21) and a small disk (22); the thickness of the large disk (21) is t 21 , the diameter D of the large disk (21) 21 is equal to the inner diameter d1 of the encapsulating shell (1); the thickness t of the small disc (22) 22 Equal to the length L of the annular groove (12) at the right end of the packaging shell (1) 12 , the diameter D of the small disk (22) 22 Equal to the inner diameter d of the annular groove 12 at the right end of the packaging shell (1) 12 The temperature sensing element (2) is inserted into the annular groove (12) at the right end of the packaging shell (1) through the small disc (22). The temperature sensing element (2) is made of a hard magnet, and the hard magnet is not plastically deformed under external impact. The buffer sheet (3) is used to isolate the heat dissipation of the temperature sensing element (2) and the interference of other factors of the transient high temperature field on the inside of the measuring device. The shape of the buffer sheet (3) is a disc, the diameter D3 of which is equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell (1), and the thickness is t3; the buffer sheet (3) is made of polymer material, is located between the circular tube (4) and the temperature sensing element (2), and is clamped and fixed in the packaging shell (1) by the circular tube (4) and the temperature sensing element (2); The circular tube (4) is used to limit the movement direction of the slider (5) and record the maximum displacement of the slider (5) during the measurement process; the circular tube (4) is in the shape of a cylinder, and its length L4 = L1-L 12 -t 21 -t3, the outer diameter D4 is equal to the inner diameter d1 of the packaging shell 1, the wall thickness is t4, and the inner diameter d4 = D4-2t4; the left end of the round tube 4 is processed with an internal thread 41, and the round tube (4) is connected to the base (7) through the internal thread (41); the round tube (4) is made of polymer material; the inner wall surface of the round tube (4) is polished, the round tube (4) is between the base (7) and the buffer sheet (3), and the buffer sheet (3) is pressed tightly against the left end of the temperature sensing element (2); The slider (5) slides in the circular tube (4) under the action of the spring (6) and the temperature sensing element (2) to characterize the change in the magnetization intensity of the temperature sensing element (2); the slider (5) is in the shape of a circular disc, and its diameter D5 is equal to the inner diameter d4 of the circular tube (4); the slider (5) is processed with four evenly distributed through holes (51) along the axial direction; the slider (5) is made of hard magnetic material; the slider (5) is located in the circular tube (4); the side surface of the slider (5) is polished, and the side surface is smeared with colored ink to record the maximum movement position of the slider (5) in the circular tube (4); The spring (6) is used to control the displacement of the slider during the measurement process and is made of non-magnetic metal material; the left and right ends of the spring (6) are ground flat; The base (7) is used to encapsulate the left end of the encapsulation shell (1) and to install a measuring device. The base (7) is in the shape of a two-stage stepped cylinder and is composed of a disk (71) and a cylinder (72). The diameter D of the disk (71) is 71 The length of the cylinder (72) is L, which is equal to the outer diameter D1 of the encapsulating shell (1); a central threaded hole (73) is processed on the left end face of the disk (71), and the sensor device is fixed by connecting the central threaded hole (73) with a fixed object; the disk (71) is processed with four evenly distributed screw through holes (74), and bolts (8) pass through the screw through holes (74) to connect the encapsulating shell (1) and the base (7); the length of the cylinder (72) is L 72 Equal to the length L of the internal thread (41) of the round tube (4) 41 The side of the cylinder (72) is processed with an external thread (75) to connect with the round tube (4); the base (7) is made of metal material.

2. The transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The outer diameter D1 of the encapsulation housing (1) satisfies 0.02 m < D1 < 0.03 m, the wall thickness t1 satisfies 0.005 m < t1 < 0.01 m, and the length L1 satisfies 0.08 m < L1 < 0.2 m; the depth L of the annular groove 12 12 satisfies 0.0005 m < L 12 < 0.004 m, and the inner diameter d of the annular groove 12 12 = 4d1 / 5; the distance r1 from the center of the screw hole 11 to the central axis OO' of the encapsulation housing 1 is r1 = (D1 + d1) / 4, the pitch diameter Φ1 of the screw hole 11 satisfies 0.002 m < Φ1 < 0.004 m, and the depth t of the screw hole 11 11 satisfies 0.005 m < t 11 < 0.015 m; the thickness t9 of the heat insulation layer 9 satisfies 0.00001 m < t9 < 0.001 m.

3. The transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The thickness t of the large disk (21) of the temperature sensing element (2) is 21 Meet 0.0002m <t 21 <0.001m; the thickness t3 of the buffer sheet (3) satisfies 0.001m <t3<0.003m。 4. The transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The wall thickness t4 of the circular tube (4) satisfies 0.001m < t4 < 0.003m, and the pitch diameter Φ of the internal thread (41) machined at the left end of the circular tube (4) 41 is equal to the internal diameter d4 of the circular tube (4), and the length L of the internal thread (41) 41 satisfies 0.005m < L 41 <0.008m.

5. The transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The thickness L5 of the slider (5) satisfies 0.005 m < L5 < 0.008 m; the distance r5 from the center of the through hole (51) of the slider (5) to the central axis OO' is r5 = D5 / 4, and the diameter d of the through hole (51) 51 = D5 / 5; the friction coefficient between the side surface of the slider (5) and the circular tube (4) is less than 0.

01.

6. The transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The outer diameter D6 of the spring (6) satisfies D6=0.8d4, and the initial length L6 of the spring (6) satisfies L6=L4-L5-L 41 .

7. The transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The length L of the disk (71) of the base (7) is 71 Meet 0.005m <L 71 <0.01m; the center diameter of the central threaded hole (73) on the left end face of the disk (71) is Φ 73 Satisfy 0.008m<Φ 73 <0.012m, depth t of center threaded hole (73) 73 Meet 0.01m <t 73 <0.015m; the distance r7 between the center of the screw hole (74) on the disk (71) and the center of the end face is equal to the distance r1 between the center of the screw hole (11) on the left end face of the package shell (1) and the center of the end face, and the median diameter of the screw hole 74 is Φ 74 is equal to the diameter Φ1 of the screw hole (11) on the left end face of the encapsulating shell (1); the length L of the cylinder (72) of the base (7) 72 Equal to the length L of the internal thread (41) of the round tube (4) 41 The outer thread (75) on the side of the cylinder (72) is equal to the length L of the cylinder (72). 72 , external thread (75) middle diameter Φ 75 Equal to the middle diameter of the internal thread at the left end of the round tube (4) 41 .

8. The transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The thread size Φ8 of the bolt (8) satisfies Φ8=Φ1, and the length L8 satisfies L8=L 71 +t 11 .

9. The transient temperature field thermal dose measurement device based on hard magnet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The metal material or plexiglass used for the encapsulation housing (1) satisfies: yield strength σ1 > 150 MPa, density ρ1 > 1.0 g / cm 3 ; The hard magnet used for the temperature sensing element (2) requires the maximum operating temperature range to be between 80 °C and 300 °C, and the yield strength σ2 > 200 MPa, density ρ2 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , the magnetic induction intensity Br1 satisfies 12000 Gs < Br1 < 13000 Gs, and can withstand for 1 second to 10 minutes at high temperatures of 1000 °C to 10000 °C; The polymer material used for the buffer sheet (3) requires the yield strength σ3 > 30 MPa, density ρ3 < 1.0 g / cm 3 , thermal conductivity λ3 < 0.4 W / (m·K); The polymer material used for the circular tube (4) requires the light transmittance to be higher than 80%, yield strength σ4 > 20 MPa, density ρ4 < 1.2 g / cm 3 ; The hard magnetic material used for the slider (5) satisfies the magnetic induction intensity Br2 satisfies 2000 Gs < Br2 < 4000 Gs, density ρ5 satisfies ρ5 < 9.0 g / cm 3 ; The non-magnetic metal material used for the spring (6) requires the spring elastic coefficient k6 to satisfy k6 < 10000 N·m, density ρ6 to satisfy ρ6 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , yield strength satisfies σ6 > 100 MPa; The metal material used for the base 7 satisfies the yield strength σ7 > 200 MPa, density ρ7 > 2.0 g / cm 3 ; The thermal conductivity λ1 of the heat insulation layer (9) satisfies 0.01 W / (m·K) < λ1 < 0.04 W / (m·K); The material used for the bolt (8) satisfies the yield strength σ8 > 200 MPa, ρ8 > 2.0 g / cm 3 , and the strength grade is not less than 8.8 grade.

10. A method for measuring transient temperature field thermal dose using the transient temperature field thermal dose measuring device based on hard magnet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: Conduct thermal dose-displacement calibration test: 1).1 Arrange the temperature sensing element (2), the spring (6) and the slider (5) on the same horizontal plane according to their relative positions in the measuring device, and record the initial temperature T0 and mass m2 of the temperature sensing element; 1).2 Record the initial position x0 of the slider (5), and use a heating plate to heat the temperature sensing element (2), requiring that the temperature rise range of the temperature sensing element (2) is within the operating temperature range of the temperature sensing element (2); 1).3 Measure the temperature T1 of the temperature sensing element (2), and combine the specific heat capacity c of the temperature sensing element (2) to obtain the thermal dose Q absorbed by the temperature sensing element (2), Q = cm2 (T1-T0), and according to the loading time t, obtain the thermal dose curve Q(t) by fitting; 1).4 While measuring the temperature of the temperature sensing element (2), measure the position x of the slider (5) h , we get the displacement of slider (5) ε = x h -x0, combined with the loading time t, the displacement curve ε(t) is fitted; 1).5 Combine the thermal dose curve Q(t) with the displacement curve ε(t) to obtain the corresponding relationship between thermal dose (Q) and displacement (ε); In the second step, the small disc (22) at the right end of the temperature sensing element (2) is clamped in the annular groove (12) at the right end of the packaging shell (1), the buffer sheet (3) is installed at the left end of the temperature sensing element (2), the slider (5) is fixed to the right end of the spring (6) with a binder, the base (7) is fixed to the left end of the spring (6) with a binder, the round tube (4) is fixed to the right end of the base (7) through the internal thread (41), and the base (7) is fixed to the left end of the packaging shell (1) through the screw (8), so as to form a measuring device, which is firmly fixed to the ground or a solid support through the central threaded hole (73) of the base (7); The third step is to place the explosive at a distance of 3m to 5m from the right end of the measuring device, with the right end face of the measuring device facing the center of the explosive, that is, the center of the explosive and the axis of the measuring device are both on the central axis OO', check whether the temperature sensing element (2) and the packaging shell (1) are in close contact, and ensure that the slider (5) and the circular tube (4) can slide freely, measure and record the initial position of the slider (5), that is, the distance x1 of the slider (5) in the circular tube (4) from the left end of the circular tube (4), apply colored ink on the side wall of the slider (5), and place the slider (5) in the circular tube (4); In the fourth step, a transient temperature field is obtained by detonating explosives at the right end of the test device. The temperature sensing element (2) is heated by the explosion field. The temperature rise causes the magnetism to decrease, so that the pulling force of the spring (6) on the slider (5) is greater than the magnetic force of the temperature sensing element (2). The slider (5) generates a leftward acceleration, and the slider (5) slides leftward in the circular tube (4). When the pulling force of the spring (6) on the slider (5) and the magnetic force of the temperature sensing element (2) are balanced again, the slider (5) stops moving. After the transient temperature field ends, the distance x2 of the slider (5) from the left end of the circular tube (4) is measured. Step 5: Calculate the displacement ε of the slider (5) in the circular tube 4, ε = x1-x2; Step 6: According to the displacement ε of the slider (5) in the circular tube, the thermal dose Q of the transient temperature field on the temperature sensing element (2) is found according to the corresponding relationship between the thermal dose (Q) and the displacement (ε), and the unit of Q is J / m 2 , to achieve rapid passive quantitative measurement of thermal dose in transient temperature field; The seventh step is to remove the base (7) and replace it with a new round tube (4) so ​​as to reuse the testing device.

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