High-speed head-swinging five-axis machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, in particular to a high-speed swing head five-axis machine tool which comprises a base, a cross-shaped sliding table, a stand column, a spindle box body, a BC double-swing head, a balance support and a first balance air cylinder, the balance support is arranged on the stand column in a sliding mode and driven by a second driving mechanism to ascend and descend, and the balance support horizontally extends forwards and is located above the spindle box body; the first balance air cylinder is installed on the balance support, and the output end of the first balance air cylinder pulls the tail end of the spindle box body vertically upwards, through the design of the balance support and the balance air cylinder, the problem of gravity deformation caused by too long horizontal extension of the spindle box body is effectively solved, the machining precision is improved, and the machining efficiency is improved. Due to the fact that the main shaft box body can extend longer without worrying about the problem of gravity deformation, a larger machining range can be achieved, the main shaft box body can be lighter in structural design, and the feeding speed and the lifting speed are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, and in particular to a high-speed swing-head five-axis machine tool. Background Art

[0002] In some machine models, the spindle box is raised and lowered on the column. The horizontal extension length of the spindle box is long, and the spindle is installed at the end of the spindle box. Due to the effect of gravity, the end of the spindle box that extends long is prone to bend downward, resulting in poor spindle machining accuracy. If the material of the spindle box is increased in order to improve the rigidity, the weight of the spindle box will be too heavy, requiring a more powerful motor to drive, and the feed speed will be greatly reduced. Therefore, it is currently difficult for machine tools with a spindle box with a long horizontal extension to achieve both accuracy and speed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The problem solved by the present invention is that it is difficult for machine tools with a relatively long horizontally extended spindle box in the prior art to achieve both precision and speed, and a high-speed swing head five-axis machine tool that can achieve both precision and speed is provided.

[0004] The present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a high-speed swing head five-axis machine tool, comprising:

[0005] Base;

[0006] A cross slide, the cross slide is horizontally arranged on a base;

[0007] A column, wherein the column is arranged on one side of the base;

[0008] A spindle housing, which is slidably disposed on the column and driven to rise and fall by a first driving mechanism, and the spindle housing extends horizontally forward to the top of the cross slide;

[0009] BC double swing head, the BC double swing head is installed at the end of the spindle box;

[0010] A balancing bracket, which is slidably arranged on the column and driven to rise and fall by the second driving mechanism. The balancing bracket extends forward horizontally and is located above the spindle housing;

[0011] A first balancing cylinder is installed on a balancing bracket, and an output end of the first balancing cylinder pulls the end of the spindle housing vertically upward.

[0012] Furthermore, the balancing bracket includes at least two side plates, which are slidably mounted on two side surfaces of the column and located above the spindle housing, and the two side plates are connected to form a fixed whole through a plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the first balancing cylinder is horizontally arranged on a balancing bracket, a first shaft is provided on the balancing bracket, a steel rope or chain is connected to the piston shaft of the first balancing cylinder, and the steel rope or chain is wound around the pulley or sprocket on the first shaft and vertically downwardly connected to the end of the spindle box.

[0014] Furthermore, a second balancing cylinder is provided, which is mounted on the balancing bracket, and the output end of the second balancing cylinder pulls the root of the spindle housing vertically upwards.

[0015] Furthermore, the second balancing cylinder is horizontally arranged on the balancing bracket, and a second shaft is provided on the balancing bracket. A steel rope or chain is connected to the piston shaft of the second balancing cylinder. The steel rope or chain is wound around the pulley or sprocket on the second shaft and vertically downwardly connected to the root of the spindle box.

[0016] Furthermore, the combined force of the first balancing cylinder and the second balancing cylinder is equal to the gravity of the spindle housing and the BC double swing head.

[0017] Furthermore, a third balancing cylinder is provided, and two third balancing cylinders are provided. The third balancing cylinders are installed on two side surfaces of the column, and the output ends of the third balancing cylinders support the balancing bracket vertically upward.

[0018] Furthermore, the force of the third balancing cylinder is equal to the total gravity of the spindle housing, the BC double swing head, and the balancing bracket.

[0019] Furthermore, the second drive mechanism is provided with two groups, each group of the second drive mechanism includes a second motor and a second ball screw assembly, the second motor is installed at the top of the two sides of the column, and is used to drive the side plate on a single side of the column, and the two groups of the second drive mechanism are arranged to move synchronously.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention can achieve high-precision machining. The BC double swing head realizes rotation with two degrees of freedom. Combined with the horizontal movement of the cross slide and the lifting of the spindle box, five-axis machining can be achieved, thereby providing high-precision machining capabilities. The design of the balancing bracket and the balancing cylinder effectively avoids the gravity deformation problem caused by the excessive horizontal extension of the spindle box, further improving the machining accuracy.

[0022] 2. Since the spindle box can be extended longer without worrying about gravity deformation, a larger processing range can be achieved.

[0023] 3. The present invention can quickly lift and feed: the use of the first balancing cylinder and the second balancing cylinder balances the gravity of the spindle box, so that the spindle box can be more lightweight in structural design, thereby improving the feeding speed and lifting speed.

[0024] 4. The design of the first, second and third balancing cylinders effectively reduces the load of the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism, and improves the working efficiency of the overall system.

[0025] 5. The balancing force provided by the balancing cylinder is equal to the component of gravity at that location, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the system.

[0026] 6. In some embodiments, the balancing cylinder is horizontally arranged on the balancing bracket, which reduces the vertical space occupied, makes the structure compact and more beautiful. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a high-speed swing head five-axis machine tool in Example 1;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The local enlarged view of point I in the middle;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged view of the second embodiment;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a partial enlarged view of Example 3;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-speed swing head five-axis machine tool in Example 4.

[0032] In the figure:

[0033] 1 base; 2 cross slide; 3 column; 4 spindle box; 5 BC double swing head; 6 balance bracket; 7 first drive mechanism; 8 second drive mechanism; 9 first balance cylinder; 10 second balance cylinder; 11 third balance cylinder; 12 first axis; 13 second axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] like Figure 1-2As shown, a high-speed swing head five-axis machine tool includes a base 1, the base 1 is a cast iron base 1 or an artificial stone base 1, a cross slide 2 is arranged on the base 1, a workpiece can be placed on the cross slide 2 and clamped by a fixture, a column 3 is arranged on one side of the base 1, a spindle box 4 is slidably arranged on the column 3, a slide is arranged at the root of the spindle box 4, the slide is slidably arranged on the column 3 through a track and a slider, the first driving mechanism 7 includes a servo motor and a screw assembly, which are used to drive the slide to rise and fall, and the main part of the spindle box 4 is moved from the slide It extends forward horizontally to the top of the cross slide 2. The end of the spindle box 4 is equipped with a BC double swing head 5. The cross slide 2 moves the composite workpiece horizontally, the spindle box 4 is lifted and lowered, and the BC double swing head 5 rotates with two degrees of freedom to achieve five-axis processing. On this basis, this solution adds a balancing bracket 6, a second drive mechanism 8, and a first balancing cylinder 9. The balancing bracket 6 includes at least two side plates, which are slidably mounted on the two sides of the column 3 and located above the spindle box 4. The two side plates are connected to form a fixed whole through a plate. The lifting and lowering is driven by the second drive mechanism 8. The balancing bracket 6 also extends forward horizontally and is located above the spindle box 4. The balancing bracket 6 is equipped with a first balancing cylinder 9, which pulls the end of the spindle box 4 vertically upward. The first balancing cylinder 9 is horizontally arranged on the balancing bracket 6, and a first shaft 12 is arranged on the balancing bracket 6. A chain is connected to the piston shaft of the first balancing cylinder 9, and the chain is wound around the sprocket on the first shaft 12 and vertically connected downward to the end of the spindle housing 4. In this solution, the first balancing cylinder 9 is arranged horizontally, which reduces the occupation of the vertical space, and the first balancing cylinder 9 is located inside the plate of the balancing bracket 6, so the structure is more compact and the appearance is more beautiful.

[0037] In this solution, the first balancing cylinder 9 provides an upward traction force to the end of the spindle box 4, and the size of the traction force can be calculated, that is, when the spindle box 4 is not installed, a lifting point is set at the slide position and the end position of the spindle box, and the spindle box 4 is lifted by the two lifting points to ensure that the spindle box 4 is level. The combined force of the two lifting points should be the same as the total gravity of the spindle box 4 and the BC double swing head 5. At this time, the force required by the lifting point at the end of the spindle box 4 is the force that the first balancing cylinder 9 needs to provide. The first balancing cylinder 9 selects a suitable cross-sectional area and adjusts the air supply pressure of the compressed air through a pressure regulating valve to ensure that the balancing force provided by the first balancing cylinder 9 is equal to the component of gravity at this location. Therefore, the problem of gravity deformation caused by the horizontal extension of the spindle box 4 is overcome.

[0038] When working, the balancing bracket 6 must follow the spindle box 4 to rise and fall. The main considerations are as follows: first, if the balancing bracket 6 is fixed, the stroke of the balancing cylinder needs to be no less than the lifting stroke of the spindle box 4, and the balancing cylinder will be very long. The balancing cylinder achieves balance and stable output of external forces through the internal air pressure balance mechanism. When the cylinder length increases, the pressure distribution and air pressure balance state inside the cylinder may be affected. This may cause the stability of the piston to decrease during movement, increase the risk of vibration and impact, and thus affect the overall performance and stability of the mechanical system. In this solution, the balancing bracket 6 follows the spindle box 4 to rise and fall, so the balancing cylinder only needs a smaller stroke, the stability will be greatly improved, and the end of the spindle box 4 will not be affected by the fluctuation of the balancing force. The second is that when the balancing cylinder is very long, the installation height will also become a problem. The balancing bracket 6 must follow the spindle box 4 to rise and fall, which completely solves this problem.

[0039] In this solution, two groups of second drive mechanisms 8 are provided, and each group of second drive mechanisms 8 includes a second motor and a second ball screw assembly. The second motor is installed at the top of the two sides of the column 3 to drive the side plate on a single side of the column 3. The two groups of second drive mechanisms 8 are set to move synchronously. The second motor also adopts a servo motor. Although the balance bracket 6 must follow the spindle box 4 to rise and fall, it does not need to be completely synchronized. In general, the piston plate of the first balance cylinder 9 is located around the middle of the cylinder stroke. The balance bracket 6 does not need an extremely fast starting speed. For example, when the spindle box 4 suddenly starts to descend, the balance bracket 6 will lag behind slightly. It only needs the maximum speed of the balance bracket 6 to keep up with the speed of the spindle box 4. Half the stroke length of the first balance cylinder 9 is used as a buffer distance, which is completely sufficient. Therefore, the balance bracket 6 does not need to follow the spindle box 4 completely synchronously, which determines that the second motor can be smaller, reducing costs.

[0040] In addition, since the first balancing cylinder 9 balances the gravity at the end of the spindle box 4, the spindle box does not need to consider the influence of its own weight in the structural design, and a lighter design can be adopted. Under the drive of the same type of servo motor, there will be a faster feed speed, or a lower power servo motor can be selected to achieve a faster feed speed. This solution can meet the needs of a spindle box 4 with a longer horizontal extension length. The spindle box 4 does not need to worry about gravity deformation caused by excessive length and weight. The spindle box 4 is completely lightweight, and the gravity problem is transferred to the balancing bracket 6 to solve. In this solution, even if the balancing bracket 6 is deformed by force, it will not affect the force applied by the first balancing cylinder to the spindle box 4. Therefore, the balancing bracket 6 can also adopt a lightweight structure. For example, the farther away from the column 3, the smaller the vertical height of the side plate of the balancing bracket 6, or a transverse / longitudinal rib plate is added to the side plate to reduce the thickness of the side plate, etc., thereby reducing the overall weight of the balancing bracket 6. Finally, both speed and precision are achieved.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] The difference from the first embodiment is that:

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the first balancing cylinder 9 is vertically installed on the balancing bracket 6, and there is no need to set the first shaft 12, sprocket and chain, so the installation is more convenient.

[0044] Embodiment 3

[0045] The difference from the first embodiment is that:

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, a second balancing cylinder 10 is also provided. The second balancing cylinder 10 is horizontally installed on the balancing bracket 6, and the installation direction is opposite to the first balancing cylinder 9. A second shaft 13 is provided on the balancing bracket 6. A chain is connected to the piston shaft of the second balancing cylinder 10. The chain is wrapped around the sprocket on the first shaft 12 and vertically downwardly connected to the end of the spindle box 4.

[0047] In this solution, the second balancing cylinder 10 provides an upward traction force to the root of the spindle box 4. The magnitude of the traction force can be calculated, that is, when the spindle box 4 is not installed, a hanging point is set at the slide position and the end position of the spindle box, and the spindle box 4 is lifted by the two hanging points to ensure that the spindle box 4 is level. The combined force of the two hanging points should be the same as the total gravity of the spindle box 4 and the BC double swing head 5. At this time, the force required by the end hanging point of the spindle box 4 is the force required by the first balancing cylinder 9, and the force required by the root hanging point of the spindle box 4 is the force required by the second balancing cylinder 10. The second balancing cylinder 10 selects a suitable cross-sectional area and adjusts the compressed air supply pressure through an independent pressure regulating valve to ensure that the balancing force provided by the second balancing cylinder is equal to the component force of gravity at this location. It is mainly used to cooperate with the first balancing cylinder 9 to completely balance the weight of the spindle box 4, reduce the load of the first drive mechanism 7, and increase the speed of lifting and lowering the spindle box 4.

[0048] Embodiment 4

[0049] The difference from the third embodiment is that:

[0050] like Figure 5 As shown, a third balancing cylinder 11 is also provided, and two of the third balancing cylinders 11 are provided. The third balancing cylinders 11 are installed on two sides of the column 3, and the output end of the third balancing cylinder 11 vertically supports the balancing bracket 6 upward. The force of the third balancing cylinder 11 is equal to the total gravity of the spindle box 4, the BC double swing head 5, and the balancing bracket 6. The third balancing cylinder 11 is mainly used to balance the gravity of the spindle box 4, the BC double swing head 5, and the balancing bracket 6, reduce the load of the second driving mechanism 8, and increase the lifting speed of the balancing bracket 6.

[0051] In this solution, the first balancing cylinder 9 balances the gravity at the end of the spindle box 4, avoiding the stress deformation caused by the excessive horizontal extension of the spindle box 4, and improving the accuracy. The second balancing cylinder 10 and the first balancing cylinder 9 jointly balance the total gravity of the spindle box 4 and the BC double swing head 5, reducing the load of the first drive mechanism 7 and increasing the lifting speed of the spindle box 4. The third balancing cylinder 11 balances the gravity of the spindle box 4, the BC double swing head 5, and the balance bracket 6, reducing the load of the second drive mechanism 8 and increasing the lifting speed of the balance bracket 6. Therefore, the spindle box 4 and the balance bracket 6 can be lifted and lowered quickly, while ensuring high-precision processing without worrying about gravity deformation. The spindle box 4 can be extended longer to achieve a larger processing range.

[0052] In the embodiment thereof, the chains and sprockets are replaced with steel ropes and pulleys to achieve the same function.

[0053] In summary, the high-speed swing head five-axis machine tool described in the present invention effectively avoids the gravity deformation problem of the spindle box 4 caused by excessive horizontal extension through the design of the balance bracket 6 and the balance cylinder, thereby improving the processing accuracy.

[0054] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above implementation is only to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and its purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it, and it cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-size swing head five-axis machine tool, characterized in that: include: Base (1); A cross slide (2), wherein the cross slide (2) is horizontally arranged on the base (1); A column (3), wherein the column (3) is arranged on one side of the base (1); A spindle housing (4), wherein the spindle housing (4) is slidably disposed on the column (3) and driven to rise and fall by a first driving mechanism (7); the spindle housing (4) extends horizontally forward to the top of the cross slide (2); A BC double swing head (5), wherein the BC double swing head (5) is installed at the end of the spindle housing (4); A balancing bracket (6), the balancing bracket (6) is slidably arranged on the column (3), and is driven to rise and fall by a second driving mechanism (8); the balancing bracket (6) extends forward horizontally and is located above the spindle housing (4); A first balancing cylinder (9), wherein the first balancing cylinder (9) is mounted on a balancing bracket (6), and an output end of the first balancing cylinder (9) pulls the end of the spindle housing (4) vertically upward.

2. A large-size swing head five-axis machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balancing bracket (6) comprises at least two side plates, which are respectively slidably mounted on two side surfaces of the column (3) and located above the spindle housing (4). The two side plates are connected to form a fixed whole through a plate.

3. A large-size swing head five-axis machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first balancing cylinder (9) is horizontally arranged on a balancing bracket (6), a first shaft (12) is provided on the balancing bracket (6), a steel rope or chain is connected to the piston shaft of the first balancing cylinder (9), and the steel rope or chain is wound around a pulley or sprocket on the first shaft (12) and vertically connected downward to the end of the spindle housing (4).

4. A large-size swing head five-axis machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second balancing cylinder (10) is also provided. The second balancing cylinder (10) is mounted on the balancing bracket (6). The output end of the second balancing cylinder (10) pulls the root of the spindle housing (4) vertically upwards.

5. A large-size swing head five-axis machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second balancing cylinder (10) is horizontally arranged on the balancing bracket (6), and a second shaft (13) is provided on the balancing bracket (6). A steel rope or chain is connected to the piston shaft of the second balancing cylinder (10), and the steel rope or chain is wound around the pulley or sprocket on the second shaft (13) and vertically connected downward to the root of the spindle housing (4).

6. A large-size swing head five-axis machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The combined force of the first balancing cylinder (9) and the second balancing cylinder (10) is equal to the gravity of the spindle housing (4) and the BC double swing head (5).

7. A large-size swing head five-axis machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: A third balancing cylinder (11) is also provided. Two third balancing cylinders (11) are provided. The third balancing cylinders (11) are installed on two side surfaces of the column (3). The output end of the third balancing cylinder (11) supports the balancing bracket (6) vertically upward.

8. A large-size swing head five-axis machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The force of the third balancing cylinder (11) is equal to the total gravity of the spindle housing (4), the BC double swing head (5) and the balancing bracket (6).

9. A large-size swing head five-axis machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second drive mechanism (8) is provided with two groups, each group of the second drive mechanism (8) comprises a second motor and a second ball screw assembly, the second motor is installed at the top of the two side surfaces of the column (3) and is used to drive the side plate on a single side surface of the column (3), and the two groups of the second drive mechanism (8) are arranged to move synchronously.

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