Electrochemical device and method for extracting metal from molten salt

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic refining, and provides an electrochemical device and method for extracting metal from molten salt. The electrochemical device comprises an anode, a cathode, an insulating container, an electrolytic bath and an ultrasonic stirring device. The cathode comprises a conductive part and liquid metal; the insulating container is provided with a containing space, the top side of the containing space is open, the liquid metal is contained in the containing space, and a part of the conductive part is inserted into the liquid metal; the electrolytic bath is provided with a containing cavity used for containing molten salt, the insulating container can be used for being immersed in the molten salt so that liquid metal can make contact with the molten salt, and one part of the anode is used for being inserted into the molten salt; a portion of the ultrasonic stirring device is inserted into the liquid metal for oscillating the liquid metal. The liquid metal is subjected to ultrasonic oscillation in the electrolysis process, so that the possibility that metal dendrites are formed on a reduction product or a high-melting-point alloy layer is formed on the surface of the liquid metal is effectively reduced, the reaction efficiency of electrolytic extraction is improved, and the quality of the extracted reduction product is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrolytic refining, and in particular to an electrochemical device and method for extracting metals from molten salt. Background Art

[0002] Among the related technologies, high-temperature molten salt electrolytic extraction is an important metal extraction technology, which is widely used in the fields of metal smelting and spent fuel high-temperature molten salt dry post-processing. In high-temperature molten salt, liquid metal is usually used as an active cathode to recover and extract some active metal elements in the molten salt, such as uranium, plutonium, americium, curium and other transuranium elements.

[0003] However, due to the slow diffusion rate of reduction products in liquid metal, an alloy layer with a higher melting point is often formed on the surface of the liquid cathode, forming a "hard shell" or even metal dendrites, which hinders the further recovery of elements such as uranium and plutonium.

[0004] During the electrolytic extraction process, a stirring paddle is usually used to mechanically stir the liquid metal cathode, or the liquid metal is stirred up and down through a porous screen plate to promote the diffusion of reduction products on the surface of the liquid metal in the liquid metal and inhibit the formation of a "hard shell" of high-melting-point alloys. However, sufficient space needs to be reserved to install and operate mechanical stirring components, which increases the size and complexity of the equipment. In addition, mechanical stirring components are susceptible to corrosion and mechanical wear from high-temperature molten salts, and require frequent maintenance and replacement, which increases operating costs and downtime. In addition, traditional mechanical stirring methods usually require stopping the machine for stirring, which increases downtime in the production process, reduces production efficiency, and may increase equipment wear and maintenance costs. Mechanical stirring sometimes fails to achieve the ideal stirring effect, which can easily lead to the formation of metal dendrites or high-melting-point alloy layers. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application embodiment is intended to provide an electrochemical device for extracting metal from molten salt, which can reduce the possibility of forming metal dendrites on the reduction product or forming a high melting point alloy layer on the surface of the liquid metal, and improve the electrolysis efficiency. The electrochemical device includes:

[0006] anode;

[0007] a cathode including a conductive member and a liquid metal;

[0008] An insulating container is provided with a containing space, the top side of the containing space is open, the liquid metal is contained in the containing space, and a part of the conductive member is inserted into the liquid metal;

[0009] An electrolytic cell having a containing cavity for containing molten salt, wherein the insulating container can be used to be immersed in the molten salt so that the liquid metal contacts the molten salt, and a part of the anode is used to be inserted into the molten salt;

[0010] An ultrasonic stirring device is partially inserted into the liquid metal to vibrate the liquid metal.

[0011] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic stirring device comprises:

[0012] A vibration head, comprising a first vibration part and a second vibration part, wherein the first vibration part is located in the liquid metal, and the second vibration part can be used to be immersed in the molten salt;

[0013] A transducer is detachably connected to the vibration head to drive the vibration head to oscillate.

[0014] In some embodiments, the power of the ultrasonic stirring device is no more than 10 kW; and / or,

[0015] The vibration frequency of the ultrasonic stirring device is 15-45kHz.

[0016] In some embodiments, the insulating container includes a first insulating layer and an anti-corrosion layer, the first insulating layer surrounds and forms the accommodating space, and the anti-corrosion layer at least covers a side of the first insulating layer that is away from the accommodating space.

[0017] In some embodiments, the material of the first insulating layer is a combination of one or more of corundum, beryllium oxide, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride;

[0018] And / or, the anti-corrosion layer is one or a combination of graphite, molybdenum, tantalum, and corundum ceramics.

[0019] In some embodiments, the top of the electrolytic cell is open to form an opening, and the electrochemical device further comprises a cover assembly and a first driving member, wherein the first driving member is drivingly connected to the cover assembly to drive the cover assembly to cover the opening to close the accommodating cavity or to separate from the electrolytic cell;

[0020] And / or, the anode, the cathode and the ultrasonic stirring device are all driven and cooperated with the first driving member to realize the lifting and lowering of the anode, the cathode and the ultrasonic stirring device.

[0021] In some embodiments, the electrochemical device further comprises:

[0022] A reference electrode has one end located in the molten salt and the other end driven by the first driving member to make the reference electrode rise and fall, and the distance between the reference electrode and the cathode is smaller than the distance between the reference electrode and the anode.

[0023] In some embodiments, the cover assembly includes:

[0024] The cover body is provided with an avoidance hole penetrating in the vertical direction. The anode, the conductive member and the ultrasonic stirring device all pass through the avoidance hole to at least partially extend into the accommodating cavity. The cover body is drivingly connected to the first driving member.

[0025] In some embodiments, the cover assembly further comprises:

[0026] The cooling device is arranged on a side of the cover body away from the accommodating cavity, and the first driving member and the ultrasonic stirring device both form a heat transfer path with the cooling area of ​​the cooling device.

[0027] In some embodiments, the electrochemical device further comprises:

[0028] A hanging member, which is inserted into the avoidance hole and is drivingly matched with the insulating container;

[0029] A second driving member is arranged on a side of the cover body away from the accommodating chamber, and one of the hanging member and the ultrasonic stirring device is drivingly connected to the second driving member to adjust the relative position of the liquid metal relative to the ultrasonic stirring device in the vertical direction.

[0030] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic stirring device comprises:

[0031] A vibration head, comprising a first vibration part and a second vibration part, wherein the first vibration part is located in the liquid metal, and the second vibration part can be used to be immersed in the molten salt;

[0032] A transducer, the power supply is electrically connected to the transducer, and the transducer is detachably connected to the vibration head to drive the vibration head to oscillate;

[0033] A horn, the vibration head and the transducer are connected via the horn, and the second driving member is drivingly connected to the horn to adjust the length of the horn.

[0034] In some embodiments, the avoidance hole includes a first sub-hole, the ultrasonic stirring device and the conductive member are disposed in the first sub-hole, the ultrasonic stirring device is drivingly connected to the second driving member, and the hanging member includes:

[0035] A bearing portion, used for mounting the insulating container;

[0036] a fixing portion, covering an opening of the first sub-hole away from the accommodating groove;

[0037] The insulation part is at least partially located in the first sub-hole, a part of the bearing part is passed through the insulation part and connects the fixing part and the insulation part, and at least a part of the ultrasonic stirring device is movably passed through the fixing part and the insulation part along the vertical direction.

[0038] In some embodiments, the electrochemical device further comprises:

[0039] A heating system, used for heating the electrolytic cell;

[0040] A protective cover is arranged between the heating system and the electrolytic cell, and the protective cover comprises a second insulating layer and a high temperature resistant layer, wherein the second insulating layer is located on a side of the high temperature resistant layer facing the electrolytic cell.

[0041] In some embodiments, the electrochemical device further comprises:

[0042] The tail gas treatment system comprises a ventilation pipe, wherein the ventilation pipe is arranged through the cover assembly and communicated with the accommodating chamber, and the tail gas treatment system is used for treating the gas generated by the reaction in the accommodating chamber.

[0043] The electrochemical device for extracting metals from molten salts provided in the embodiments of the present application stirs the liquid metal at the cathode by means of an ultrasonic stirring device and ultrasonically oscillates the liquid metal during the electrolysis process, so that the dissolution and diffusion of the reduction product in the liquid metal are more uniform, thereby effectively reducing the possibility of forming metal dendrites on the reduction product or forming a high melting point alloy layer on the surface of the liquid metal, improving the reaction efficiency of the electrolytic extraction, and improving the quality of the extracted reduction product.

[0044] The present application also provides a method for extracting metal from molten salt using the electrochemical device described in any one of the above, the method comprising:

[0045] contacting a portion of the anode and the liquid metal with the molten salt;

[0046] placing the ultrasonic stirring device in contact with the liquid metal;

[0047] applying power to the anode and the cathode;

[0048] Controlling the ultrasonic stirring device to oscillate the liquid metal;

[0049] Determining that a preset stop condition is reached, stopping the power supply from supplying power to the anode and the cathode;

[0050] Obtain metals extracted by electrolysis.

[0051] The method provided in the embodiment of the present application has the same beneficial effects as the above-mentioned electrochemical device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochemical device in one embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of the electrochemical device shown;

[0054] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a method in one embodiment of the present application.

[0055] Description of Reference Numerals

[0056] 100. electrochemical device; 10. anode; 11. conductive part; 12. reaction part; 20. cathode; 21. conductive member; 22. liquid metal; 30. insulating container; 30a. accommodating space; 40. electrolytic cell; 40a. accommodating chamber; 50. ultrasonic stirring device; 51. vibration head; 52. transducer; 53. amplitude transformer; 60. control system; 70. cover assembly; 71. cover; 72. cooling device; 80. reference electrode; 90. hanging member; 91. fixing part; 92. heat insulating part; 93. bearing part; 101. heating system; 102. protective cover; 103. exhaust gas treatment system; R. molten salt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following is a further detailed description of the implementation of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0058] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0059] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature “on” a second feature may mean that the first feature and the second feature are in direct contact, or the first feature and the second feature are in indirect contact via an intermediate medium.

[0060] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "some embodiments", "exemplarily", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine different embodiments or examples described in this application and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0061] In the related art, during the electrolytic extraction process, a stirring paddle is usually used to mechanically stir the liquid metal at the cathode, or the liquid metal is stirred up and down through a porous screen plate. Sufficient space must be reserved for the installation and operation of mechanical stirring components, which increases the size and complexity of the equipment. The mechanical stirring components are susceptible to corrosion and mechanical wear from high-temperature molten salts and require frequent maintenance and replacement, which increases operating costs and downtime and reduces production efficiency.

[0062] In view of this, please refer to Figure 1-Figure 2 , an embodiment of the present application provides an electrochemical device 100 for extracting metal from a molten salt R. The electrochemical device 100 includes an anode 10, a cathode 20, an insulating container 30, an electrolytic cell 40, and an ultrasonic stirring device 50. The cathode 20 includes a conductive member 21 and a liquid metal 22; the insulating container 30 is provided with a receiving space 30a, the top side of the receiving space 30a is open, the liquid metal 22 is contained in the receiving space 30a, and a portion of the conductive member 21 is inserted into the liquid metal 22; the electrolytic cell 40 has a receiving cavity 40a for receiving the molten salt R, the insulating container 30 can be used to be immersed in the molten salt R so that the liquid metal 22 contacts the molten salt R, and a portion of the anode 10 is used to be inserted into the molten salt R; a portion of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is inserted into the liquid metal 22 for oscillating the liquid metal 22.

[0063] The electrochemical device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application stirs the liquid metal 22 of the cathode 20 by means of an ultrasonic stirring device 50, and ultrasonically oscillates the liquid metal 22 during the electrolysis process, so that the dissolution and diffusion of the reduction product in the liquid metal 22 are more uniform, thereby effectively reducing the possibility of forming metal dendrites on the reduction product or forming a high melting point alloy layer on the surface of the liquid metal 22, thereby improving the reaction efficiency of the electrolytic extraction and improving the quality of the extracted reduction product.

[0064] The reduction product refers to a compound or substance generated in the reduction reaction, and in this application refers to the metal extracted from the molten salt R.

[0065] A portion of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is inserted into the liquid metal 22 to ensure sufficient transmission of ultrasonic energy and promote uniform distribution of reduction products in the liquid metal 22 .

[0066] The electrolytic cell 40 is used to provide a place for containing the molten salt R and performing the electrochemical reaction. Exemplarily, the shape of the electrolytic cell 40 is a rectangular parallelepiped or cylindrical structure. In order to improve the fluidity of the molten salt R in the electrolytic cell 40, the inner wall of the electrolytic cell 40 is smooth.

[0067] For example, the electrolytic cell 40 may be made of corrosion-resistant materials such as molybdenum-based alloys, nickel-based alloys, and high-temperature stainless steel. Nickel-based alloys such as Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276 have excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stress resistance to withstand the high temperature environment required for the reaction and reduce the possibility of being corroded by the molten salt R.

[0068] Exemplarily, the molten salt R may be a chloride molten salt R such as LiCl-KCl, NaCl-KCl, NaCl-CsCl, LiCl-KCl-NaCl, and a fluoride molten salt R. Active metal elements such as transuranium elements such as uranium, plutonium, americium, and curium are mixed in the molten salt R. The metal elements can be extracted by the electrochemical device 100. It should be noted that during the electrochemical reaction, the molten salt R is in a liquid state formed after heating.

[0069] It is understandable that the density of the liquid metal 22 is greater than the density of the liquid molten salt R, so that the liquid metal 22 is deposited below the molten salt R, and the molten salt R is located above the liquid metal 22, and the liquid metal 22 and the molten salt R have obvious stratification. At high temperatures, the chemical miscibility between the liquid metal 22 and the molten salt R is very low, and the interaction between the cations in the molten salt R and the liquid metal 22 is weak, and a uniform mixture cannot be formed. This low miscibility enables the two to physically maintain interfacial separation. There is also a high interfacial tension between the liquid metal 22 and the molten salt R, which inhibits the molten salt R and the liquid metal 22 from mixing with each other, so that the two liquids remain separated at the interface.

[0070] The top side of the accommodation space 30 a is open so that the liquid metal 22 can be deposited in the accommodation space 30 a under the action of gravity and the molten salt R is difficult to be deposited in the accommodation space 30 a .

[0071] It is understandable that, during the electrochemical reaction of the molten salt R, the molten salt R needs to be continuously heated so that the electrochemical reaction continues.

[0072] In some embodiments, the electrochemical device 100 further includes a power source, which can be electrically connected to the anode 10 and the cathode 20 to supply power to both, so that the molten salt R can undergo an electrochemical reaction with the anode 10 and the cathode 20 .

[0073] For example, see Figure 1 The anode 10 includes a conductive part 11 and a reactive part 12, and the power source is connected through the conductive part 11 and the reactive part 12. Exemplarily, the conductive part 11 is a metal part.

[0074] The length and diameter of the reaction part 12 can be adjusted according to the size of the electrolytic cell 40 and process requirements to optimize the electric field distribution and electrolysis efficiency. For example, the diameter of the reaction part 12 is 20-80 mm (millimetre, millimeter) and the length is 200-500 mm.

[0075] The specific diameter size of the reaction part 12 can be 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, etc.

[0076] The length of the reaction part 12 can be 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm, etc.

[0077] Exemplarily, the reaction part 12 uses an inert material that is resistant to high temperatures and corrosion, such as graphite, to improve the stability of the electrochemical performance of the anode 10 during the electrolysis process.

[0078] In some embodiments, there is one anode 10; in other embodiments, there are multiple anodes 10 to form a multi-point electrolysis area, increase the area of ​​the anode 10, and improve the uniformity of current distribution and the efficiency of the electrolysis reaction.

[0079] A portion of the conductive member 21 is inserted into the liquid metal 22 so that a conductive path can be formed between the conductive member 21 and the liquid metal 22, and current can be transmitted between the two. For example, the conductive member 21 can be made of materials such as graphite, molybdenum, and tantalum that are resistant to corrosion by the molten salt R and the liquid metal 22, so that the conductive member 21 has excellent conductive properties, reduces the possibility of the conductive member 21 melting in the liquid metal 22 at high temperature, and increases the service life of the conductive member 21 in the liquid metal 22 such as cadmium.

[0080] For example, the conductive member 21 may be a graphite rod.

[0081] Exemplarily, the cathode 20 further includes a high temperature resistant insulating sleeve covering the outer surface of the conductive member 21 to reduce the possibility of short circuit and improve the efficiency of the electrolysis reaction.

[0082] For example, the liquid metal 22 may be cadmium, zinc, lead, bismuth, gallium, etc. These metals have good electrical conductivity and chemical stability and are suitable for being used as a dissolving medium for reduction products in the electrolysis process.

[0083] For some examples, see Figure 1-Figure 2The ultrasonic stirring device 50 includes a vibration head 51 and a transducer 52. The vibration head 51 includes a first vibration part and a second vibration part, the first vibration part is located in the liquid metal 22, and the second vibration part can be used to be immersed in the molten salt R; the power supply is electrically connected to the transducer 52, and the transducer 52 is detachably connected to the vibration head 51 to drive the vibration head 51 to oscillate.

[0084] The transducer 52 is connected to a power source, and the power source provides a voltage signal to the transducer 52 to make the vibration head 51 vibrate at a high frequency.

[0085] The first vibration part is located in the liquid metal 22, and the second vibration part can be used to be immersed in the molten salt R. Immersing a portion of the vibration head 51 in the molten salt R can reduce the consumption rate of the liquid metal 22 on the entire vibration head 51. And the vibration head 51 is located in the liquid metal 22 and the molten salt R at the same time, that is, the vibration head 51 can act on the interface between the liquid metal 22 and the molten salt R, which can reduce the possibility of forming metal dendrites on the reduction product or forming a high melting point alloy layer on the surface of the liquid metal.

[0086] In some embodiments, the power of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is not greater than 10 kW, so that the power of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 can meet the stirring requirements, which is beneficial to controlling energy consumption.

[0087] In some embodiments, the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is 15-45 kHz to improve the vibration effect and reduce the possibility of forming metal dendrites on the reduction product or forming a high melting point alloy layer on the surface of the liquid metal.

[0088] In some embodiments, the insulating container 30 includes a first insulating layer and an anti-corrosion layer. The first insulating layer surrounds and forms a receiving space 30a. The anti-corrosion layer at least covers a side of the first insulating layer away from the receiving space 30a.

[0089] The first insulating layer is used to load the liquid metal 22. The first insulating layer is used to achieve an insulating effect during the electrochemical reaction, so that the liquid metal 22 can only be electrically connected to the molten salt R through the opening position of the accommodating space 30a to perform an electrochemical reaction. The anti-corrosion layer is used to protect the first insulating layer from being corroded by the molten salt R, reducing the possibility of the insulating container 30 being broken and affecting the electrolytic reaction.

[0090] Exemplarily, the first insulating layer is an insulating crucible, the anti-corrosion layer is a protective crucible, and the insulating crucible is located inside the protective crucible.

[0091] Exemplarily, the material of the first insulating layer is a combination of one or more of corundum, beryllium oxide, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride, so that the first insulating layer has good insulation, heat resistance, and impact resistance.

[0092] Exemplarily, the anti-corrosion layer is one or a combination of stainless steel, graphite, molybdenum, tantalum, and corundum ceramics, so that the anti-corrosion layer can have corrosion resistance, such as resistance to cadmium corrosion and resistance to molten salt R corrosion.

[0093] For some examples, see Figure 1 The top of the electrolytic cell 40 is open to form an opening. The electrochemical device 100 also includes a cover assembly 70 and a first driving member. The first driving member is drivingly connected to the cover assembly 70 to drive the cover assembly 70 to cover the opening to close the accommodating cavity 40a or separate from the electrolytic cell 40.

[0094] The first driving member can enable the cover assembly 70 to close the electrolytic cell 40 or separate from the electrolytic cell 40 to facilitate actions such as replacing the anode 10, replacing the cathode 20, and adding molten salt R; at the same time, by closing the electrolytic cell 40, it is helpful to reduce the dissipation of heat during the heating of the molten salt R and the volatilization of substances in the electrolytic cell 40.

[0095] In some embodiments where a first driving member is provided, the anode 10 , the cathode 20 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 are all driven and cooperated with the first driving member to realize the lifting and lowering of the anode 10 , the cathode 20 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 .

[0096] When the molten salt R is in a liquid state, the first driving member drives the anode 10 , the cathode 20 and the cover assembly 70 to descend into the molten salt R together.

[0097] In some embodiments, the anode 10, the cathode 20 and the cover assembly 70 can be controlled to rise and fall together as a whole by the first driving member, which is convenient for operation. Exemplarily, the first driving member is an electric lifter. Exemplarily, the cathode 20 also includes an insulating bracket, one end of the conductive member 21 is inserted into the liquid metal 22, and the other end is arranged on the cover assembly 70 through the insulating bracket to reduce the possibility of short circuit.

[0098] The material of the insulating bracket is not limited, for example, one or a combination of corundum, beryllium oxide, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride.

[0099] For some examples, see Figure 1 The electrochemical device 100 further includes a reference electrode 80 , one end of which is located in the molten salt R and the other end is connected to the cover assembly 70 . The distance between the reference electrode 80 and the cathode 20 is smaller than the distance between the reference electrode 80 and the anode 10 .

[0100] The potential change near the cathode 20 can be obtained through the reference electrode 80, so as to adjust the potential of the cathode 20 to different potentials to obtain different metals.

[0101] Compared with the anode 10 , the reference electrode 80 is closer to the cathode 20 , thereby reducing the adverse effect of the anode 10 on the detection structure of the reference electrode 80 .

[0102] Exemplarily, the reference electrode 80 is an Ag / AgCl electrode, which has a simple structure and good stability, reproducibility and reversibility.

[0103] In some embodiments, the electrochemical device 100 further includes a diaphragm, which is wrapped around the reference electrode 80 to reduce the interference of the molten salt R on the reference electrode 80, and is used to improve the stability and accuracy of the reference electrode 80. Exemplarily, the diaphragm is a Pyrex diaphragm, which has good stability, reproducibility and reversibility. Exemplarily, the diaphragm is a mullite diaphragm, which has a low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, and good thermal shock resistance.

[0104] For some examples, see Figure 1 The cover assembly 70 includes a cover 71, which is provided with an avoidance hole penetrating in the vertical direction. The anode 10, the conductive member 21 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 all pass through the avoidance hole to at least partially extend into the accommodating cavity 40a. The cover 71 is drivingly connected to the first driving member.

[0105] The cover 71 is used to seal the electrolytic cell 40 and provide a connection interface for installing the anode 10, the cathode 20, the ultrasonic stirring device 50 and the reference electrode 80. The anode 10, the conductive member 21 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 can all move with the cover 71.

[0106] Exemplarily, there are multiple avoidance openings, and the anode 10, the conductive member 21 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 pass through the corresponding avoidance openings respectively. In other embodiments, there is one avoidance opening, and the anode 10, the conductive member 21 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 pass through the same avoidance opening.

[0107] Exemplarily, the cover body 71 is made of a high temperature resistant metal material, and the cover body 71 has a heat insulation layer.

[0108] Exemplarily, the cover 71 has a through sampling hole for extracting the reduction product as a sample for analysis during the electrolysis reaction.

[0109] In some embodiments where a reference electrode 80 is provided, see Figure 1 The reference electrode 80 is disposed on the cover body 71 so as to rise and fall synchronously with the cover body 71 .

[0110] For some examples, see Figure 1 The cover assembly 70 further includes a cooling device 72 , which is disposed on a side of the cover 71 away from the accommodating cavity 40 a . The first driving member and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 both form a heat transfer path with the cooling area of ​​the cooling device 72 .

[0111] The cooling area of ​​the cooling device 72 refers to the area where the cooling device 72 is used to generate heat exchange with other objects to achieve a cooling effect.

[0112] The cooling device 72 can efficiently transfer the heat on the upper part of the cover 71, thereby reducing the possibility of high temperature affecting the first driving member and the driving part of the ultrasonic stirring device 50.

[0113] For example, the cooling medium may be water, air, oil, or the like.

[0114] For some examples, see Figure 1-Figure 2 The electrochemical device 100 further includes a hanging member 90 and a second driving member. The hanging member 90 is inserted into the avoidance hole and is drivingly matched with the insulating container 30; the second driving member is arranged on the side of the cover 71 away from the accommodating cavity 40a, and one of the hanging member 90 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is drivingly connected to the second driving member to adjust the relative position of the liquid metal 22 relative to the ultrasonic stirring device 50 in the vertical direction.

[0115] The hanging member 90 is used to adjust the relative position of the liquid metal 22 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 so that the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is in good contact with the liquid metal 22, thereby improving the stirring effect.

[0116] Exemplarily, the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is drivingly connected to the second driving member. For example, the second driving member can drive the vibration head 51 of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 to move in the up-down direction.

[0117] In some other embodiments, the hanging member 90 is drivingly connected to the second driving member, so that the second driving member can drive the hanging member 90 to move in the up and down directions, thereby adjusting the position of the liquid metal 22 .

[0118] In some embodiments, the second driving member is disposed on the cover 71 or is drivingly connected to the driving end of the first driving member, so that the insulating container 30 or the ultrasonic stirring device 50 can move up and down under the driving action of the first driving member.

[0119] The specific manner in which the hanging member cooperates with the insulating container drive is not limited. In some embodiments, the hanging member includes a first hanging rod, which extends in a vertical direction, and one end of the first hanging rod along the vertical direction is connected to the insulating container 30, and the other end is connected to the driving end of the second driving member; in another embodiment, the hanging member includes a bearing portion, and the bearing portion includes a second hanging rod and a hanging basket. The second hanging rod extends in a vertical direction, and one end of the second hanging rod along the vertical direction is connected to the hanging basket, and the other end is connected to the driving end of the second driving member. A hanging space is provided in the hanging basket, and the hanging space is used to hold the insulating container 30.

[0120] For some examples, see Figure 1-Figure 2The ultrasonic stirring device 50 includes a vibration head 51, a transducer 52 and a horn 53. The vibration head 51 includes a first vibration part and a second vibration part, the first vibration part is located in the liquid metal 22, and the second vibration part can be used to be immersed in the molten salt R; the power supply is electrically connected to the transducer 52, and the transducer 52 is detachably connected to the vibration head 51 to drive the vibration head 51 to oscillate; the vibration head 51 is connected to the transducer 52 through the horn 53, and the second driving member is drivingly connected to the horn 53 to adjust the length of the horn 53.

[0121] In this way, the position of the amplitude changing rod 53 along the vertical direction is adjusted by the second driving member, thereby driving the vibration head 51 to move in the up-down direction, so as to adjust the position of the vibration head 51 relative to the liquid metal 22 .

[0122] In some embodiments, the vibration head 51 of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is made of titanium alloy. Titanium alloy has excellent mechanical properties and a high strength-to-weight ratio. It can withstand the mechanical stress generated by ultrasonic vibration without adding unnecessary weight, and is suitable for dynamic vibrating parts. At the same time, titanium alloy has impact resistance and can withstand the high-frequency impact generated by ultrasonic vibration to reduce the possibility of fatigue or breakage. The acoustic impedance of titanium alloy is moderate, which matches well with the acoustic wave transmission characteristics of the transducer 52, and can effectively transfer ultrasonic energy to the molten salt R or liquid metal 22. Titanium alloy has good vibration performance and low internal damping, which can maximize vibration efficiency and reduce energy loss. In the molten salt R or liquid metal 22, a dense titanium oxide film can be formed on the surface of the titanium alloy, providing excellent corrosion resistance, which is suitable for long-term contact with active metal ions and corrosive media. In addition, the expansion coefficient of titanium alloy is low in high temperature environments, which can reduce the risk of damage caused by thermal stress.

[0123] In some embodiments, the vibration head 51 of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is made of stainless steel, such as 304 stainless steel, 316L stainless steel, etc. Stainless steel is cheap, easy to process, and has good corrosion resistance, which can increase the service life of the vibration head 51 and reduce costs.

[0124] It is understandable that the liquid metal 22 will corrode the titanium alloy. Therefore, as the electrolytic reaction time increases, the vibration head 51 will be corroded and the length will be reduced. In this way, the relative position of the liquid metal 22 and the vibration head 51 can be adjusted by lifting and lowering the hanging member 90 in the vertical direction, so that a new part of the vibration head 51 can be continuously immersed in the liquid metal 22. The liquid metal 22 cannot contact the vibration head 51 of the ultrasonic stirring device 50, resulting in the inability to stir, or the length of the vibration head 51 entering the liquid metal 22 is too small, resulting in poor stirring effect and the generation of metal dendrites or a high melting point alloy layer.

[0125] For some examples, see Figure 1-Figure 2The avoidance hole includes a first sub-hole, the ultrasonic stirring device 50 and the conductive member 21 are arranged in the first sub-hole, the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is drivingly connected to the second driving member, and the hanging member includes:

[0126] The bearing portion 93 is used to mount the insulating container 30;

[0127] The fixing portion 91 is provided to cover the opening of the first sub-hole which is away from the accommodating cavity 40a;

[0128] The heat insulating portion 92 is at least partially located in the first sub-hole, a portion of the bearing portion 93 is disposed through the heat insulating portion and connects the fixing portion 91 and the heat insulating portion 92, and at least a portion of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is movably disposed in the fixing portion 91 and the heat insulating portion 92 along the vertical direction. The fixing portion 91 covers the first sub-hole, so that the hanging member can be raised and lowered along with the cover body 71.

[0129] The heat insulating portion 92 can reduce the amount of heat in the accommodating chamber 40 a transferred to the upper portion of the cover 71 .

[0130] In some embodiments, the heat insulating portion 92 is in contact with the inner wall of the first sub-hole to improve the heat insulating effect.

[0131] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The number of the heat insulating parts 92 is multiple, and the multiple heat insulating parts 92 are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction to form an air gap between two adjacent heat insulating parts 92, thereby further improving the heat insulating effect.

[0132] For some examples, see Figure 1 The electrochemical device 100 also includes a heating system 101 and a protective cover 102. The heating system 101 is used to heat the electrolytic cell 40. The protective cover 102 is arranged between the heating system 101 and the electrolytic cell 40. The protective cover 102 includes a second insulating layer and a high temperature resistant layer. The second insulating layer is located on the side of the high temperature resistant layer facing the electrolytic cell 40.

[0133] The heating system 101 is used to provide heat to the accommodating chamber 40a so as to maintain the temperature of the molten salt R and the liquid metal 22 in the accommodating chamber 40a within the required working range. It can also be used to keep the molten salt R in a liquid state. The protective cover 102 can protect the heating system 101 from corrosion by the molten salt R, thereby improving the safety of the operation of the heating system 101.

[0134] Exemplarily, the molten salt R and the liquid metal 22 can be heated to 400° C.-800° C. (Celsius) by the heating system 101 .

[0135] Exemplarily, the electrochemical device 100 further includes an integrated temperature sensor for obtaining the temperature in the receiving chamber 40a in real time, so as to adjust the heating system 101 according to the temperature and control the temperature in the receiving chamber to a desired level.

[0136] Exemplarily, the material of the second insulating layer may be a combination of one or more of corundum, beryllium oxide, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride, so that the protective cover 102 has good heat resistance and impact resistance and can increase the service life of the protective cover 102.

[0137] Exemplarily, the insulating material of the high temperature resistant layer may be a combination of one or more of Inconel 625, Hastelloy C-276, and 310S stainless steel, so that the protective cover 102 has excellent oxidation resistance and high temperature resistance, and can increase the service life of the protective cover 102.

[0138] For some examples, see Figure 1 The electrochemical device 100 further includes an exhaust gas treatment system 103, which has a ventilation pipe, which is arranged through the cover assembly 70 and communicates with the accommodating chamber 40a. The exhaust gas treatment system 103 is used to treat the gas generated by the reaction in the accommodating chamber 40a.

[0139] During the electrolytic extraction process, harmful gases, such as chlorine, may be generated at the anode 10. The tail gas treatment system 103 is used to extract and treat the gas generated by the electrolytic reaction in the accommodation chamber 40a, thereby avoiding direct emission of harmful gases.

[0140] Exemplarily, the exhaust gas treatment system 103 includes an air pipeline that can be passed through the cover assembly 70 and communicated with the accommodating cavity 40a. The air pipeline can be made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials to reduce the possibility of corrosion and consumption of the air pipeline and extend the service life of the air pipeline. The exhaust gas treatment system 103 needs to be replaced or regenerated regularly to maintain the treatment effect.

[0141] For example, see Figure 1 The electrochemical device 100 further includes a control system 60, which is electrically connected to the anode 10, the cathode 20, the ultrasonic stirring device 50 and the reference electrode 80, and can be used to monitor and control the working state of the cathode 20, the anode 10 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 in real time, adjust the potential of the reference electrode 80, adjust the power of the ultrasonic stirring device 50, and adjust the current provided by the power supply to improve the efficiency, stability and safety of the electrolysis process. The control system 60 facilitates monitoring and controlling the electrolysis reaction, and can improve the accuracy of control, such as accurately controlling the movement size of the cover assembly 70.

[0142] Exemplarily, the control system 60 is electrically connected to the integrated temperature sensor to control the temperature in the receiving chamber to improve the accuracy of temperature control.

[0143] Exemplarily, the control system 60 is electrically connected to the first driving member and the second driving member, respectively, to control the motion states of the first driving member and the second driving member.

[0144] Exemplarily, the control system 60 is electrically connected to the tail gas treatment system 103 to monitor the operating status of the tail gas treatment system 103 to reduce the possibility of failure to timely detect the tail gas treatment system 103 failure, resulting in leakage of gases such as chlorine generated by the reaction.

[0145] Illustratively, the control system 60 is electrically connected to a power source.

[0146] Taking a specific embodiment as an example, the operation steps of the electrochemical device 100 before the electrochemical reaction is performed are described below:

[0147] The anode 10, cathode 20, ultrasonic stirring device 50 and reference electrode 80 are mounted on the assembly 70, and the first driving member is connected to the cover assembly 70;

[0148] Connect the anode 10, cathode 20, ultrasonic stirring device 50 and reference electrode 80 to the control system 60;

[0149] Controlling the first driving member to lower the cover assembly 70 to a first height so that the anode 10, the cathode 20 and the reference electrode 80 are not in contact with the molten salt R;

[0150] Put the solid molten salt R into the containing chamber 40a, and control the heating system 101 to heat the solid molten salt R to melt it into liquid;

[0151] Controlling the first driving member to lower the cover assembly 70 to a second height so that the anode 10, the liquid metal 22 and the reference electrode 80 are in contact with the molten salt R;

[0152] Controlling the second driving member to adjust the relative position of the vibration head 51 and the liquid metal 22 so that the second vibration head 51 enters the liquid metal 22;

[0153] Current is supplied to the anode 10 and the cathode 20 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is turned on.

[0154] The present embodiment also provides a method for extracting metal from a molten salt R, using the electrochemical device 100 of any one of the embodiments of the present application to extract the metal, the method comprising:

[0155] S1: contacting a portion of the anode and the liquid metal with the molten salt R;

[0156] S2: bringing the ultrasonic stirring device into contact with the liquid metal;

[0157] S3: Control the power supply to energize the anode and cathode;

[0158] S4: controlling the ultrasonic stirring device to oscillate the liquid metal;

[0159] S5: Determine that the preset stop condition is reached, and stop the power supply from supplying power to the anode and the cathode;

[0160] S6: Obtaining the metal extracted by electrolysis.

[0161] The order of the above steps is not limited and can be adaptively adjusted according to the reaction requirements. For example, when the control power supply is energized to the anode 10 and the cathode 20, the ultrasonic stirring device 50 can be controlled to oscillate the liquid metal 22 at the same time. The ultrasonic stirring device 50 can use a continuous wave to provide a uniform vibration frequency, improve the uniformity of stirring, and achieve continuous stirring.

[0162] The method for extracting metal from molten salt R provided in the present application oscillates the liquid metal 22 through an ultrasonic stirring device 50, which can reduce the possibility of forming metal dendrites on the reduction product or forming a high melting point alloy layer on the surface of the liquid metal 22, thereby improving the reaction efficiency of electrolytic extraction, thereby improving the current efficiency and recovery effect, and improving the quality of the extracted reduction product.

[0163] In some embodiments, the step of controlling the ultrasonic stirring device 50 to oscillate the liquid metal 22 includes:

[0164] The ultrasonic stirring device 50 is controlled to intermittently oscillate the liquid metal 22. For example, the ultrasonic stirring device 50 may use pulse waves, which can increase the intensity of stirring and achieve intermittent stirring.

[0165] The following is an example of a method for extracting metal from molten salt R in the present application, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0166] The liquid metal 22 is placed in the insulating container 30, and the insulating container 30 is mounted on the hanging member. The first driving member drives the cover assembly 70 to drive the cathode 20, the anode 10 and the reference electrode 80 to descend to the first height.

[0167] The molten salt R to be treated is loaded into the receiving chamber 40a of the electrolytic cell 40;

[0168] The heating system 101 is started to gradually heat the containing chamber 40a to 600°C, and the molten salt R is melted into molten salt R;

[0169] Use the integrated temperature sensor to monitor temperature changes and ensure that the temperature is stable within the preset range;

[0170] The cover assembly 70 is driven by the first driving member to lower the anode 10, the cathode 20 and the reference electrode 80 to a second height;

[0171] The control system 60 sets parameters such as current and potential, and controls the power supply, the anode and the conductive member to be energized through the control system 60 to start the electrolysis reaction;

[0172] Real-time monitoring of parameters such as current and voltage during electrolysis;

[0173] Ensure that the vibration head 51 is immersed in the liquid metal 22 and adjust the power of the ultrasonic stirring device 50;

[0174] Starting the tail gas treatment system 103 to treat the gas generated in the reaction of the anode 10 and obtain the gas generated in the electrolysis process;

[0175] When the electrolytic reaction reaches a predetermined time or the reduction product reaches a deposition amount, the electrolytic reaction is stopped by the control system 60 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is turned off;

[0176] The cover assembly 70 is driven by the first driving member to move the cathode 20, the anode 10 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 out of the molten salt R;

[0177] Turn off the heating system 101 through the control system 60 to gradually cool the electrolytic cell 40 and the molten salt R;

[0178] After the liquid metal 22 is cooled, the reduction product is taken out.

[0179] The extraction process of the electrochemical device 100 of the present application is described below by taking a specific embodiment as an example.

[0180] In one embodiment, the molten salt R is a lithium chloride-potassium chloride eutectic molten salt R of uranium trichloride, and the liquid metal 22 is liquid cadmium. Specifically, a lithium chloride-potassium chloride eutectic molten salt R containing 5wt% of uranium trichloride is loaded into the accommodating chamber 40a, and the temperature of the heating system is controlled by the control system 60, and the temperature is increased to 450°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min. After the molten salt R is melted, the cover assembly 70 is driven by the first driving member to lower the anode 10, the cathode 20 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 to contact with the molten salt R; the anode 10 and the cathode 20 are powered by the power supply, and the power of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is controlled to 200W to stir the liquid cadmium. The gas generated by electrolysis is exported and processed by the tail gas treatment system 103. When the electrolysis reaction reaches a predetermined time, the cover assembly 70 is driven by the first driving member to separate the anode 10, the cathode 20 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 from the molten salt R. After the liquid cadmium is cooled, the reduction product is taken out to obtain the reduction product extracted by electrolysis, i.e., uranium-cadmium alloy. There is no obvious dendrite product on the surface of the reduction product, and the difference in uranium concentration in various parts of the reduction product is small. After the electrolysis reaction, the color of the molten salt R is white, and the uranium ion concentration in the molten salt R is 0.01wt%.

[0181] In another specific embodiment, the molten salt R is a molten salt R obtained by heating and melting the sodium chloride-potassium chloride eutectic molten salt R of cerium trichloride, and the liquid metal 22 is liquid zinc. Specifically, a lithium chloride-potassium chloride eutectic molten salt R containing 10wt% of uranium trichloride is loaded into the accommodating chamber 40a, and the temperature of the heating system is controlled by the control system 60, and the temperature is increased to 800°C at a heating rate of 15°C / min. After the molten salt R is melted, the cover assembly 70 is driven by the first driving member to lower the anode 10, the cathode 20 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 to contact with the molten salt R; the anode 10 and the cathode 20 are powered by the power supply, and the power of the ultrasonic stirring device 50 is controlled to 200W to stir the liquid zinc. The gas generated by electrolysis is discharged and processed by the tail gas treatment system 103. When the electrolysis reaction reaches a predetermined time, the cover assembly 70 is driven by the first driving member to separate the anode 10, the cathode 20 and the ultrasonic stirring device 50 from the molten salt R. After the liquid zinc is cooled, the reduction product, i.e., the cerium-zinc alloy, is taken out. There is no obvious dendrite product on the surface of the reduction product, and the difference in uranium concentration at various locations on the reduction product is small. After the electrolytic reaction, the molten salt R is white in color, and the uranium ion concentration in the molten salt R is 0.01wt%.

[0182] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electrochemical device for extracting metals from molten salts, characterized in that: The electrochemical device comprises: anode; a cathode including a conductive member and a liquid metal; An insulating container is provided with a containing space, the top side of the containing space is open, the liquid metal is contained in the containing space, and a part of the conductive member is inserted into the liquid metal; An electrolytic cell having a containing cavity for containing molten salt, wherein the insulating container can be used to be immersed in the molten salt so that the liquid metal contacts the molten salt, and a part of the anode is used to be inserted into the molten salt; An ultrasonic stirring device is partially inserted into the liquid metal to vibrate the liquid metal.

2. The electrochemical device according to claim 1, characterized in that The ultrasonic stirring device comprises: A vibration head, comprising a first vibration part and a second vibration part, wherein the first vibration part is located in the liquid metal, and the second vibration part can be used to be immersed in the molten salt; A transducer is detachably connected to the vibration head to drive the vibration head to oscillate.

3. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The power of the ultrasonic stirring device is not more than 10kw; and / or, The vibration frequency of the ultrasonic stirring device is 15-45kHz.

4. The electrochemical device according to claim 1, characterized in that The insulating container comprises a first insulating layer and an anti-corrosion layer, wherein the first insulating layer surrounds and forms the accommodation space, and the anti-corrosion layer at least covers a side of the first insulating layer away from the accommodation space.

5. The electrochemical device according to claim 4, characterized in that The material of the first insulating layer is a combination of one or more of corundum, beryllium oxide, silicon carbide and silicon nitride; And / or, the anti-corrosion layer is one or a combination of graphite, molybdenum, tantalum, and corundum ceramics.

6. The electrochemical device according to claim 1, characterized in that The top of the electrolytic cell is open to form an opening, and the electrochemical device further comprises a cover assembly and a first driving member, wherein the first driving member is drivingly connected to the cover assembly to drive the cover assembly to cover the opening to close the accommodating cavity or to separate from the electrolytic cell; And / or, the anode, the cathode and the ultrasonic stirring device are all driven and cooperated with the first driving member to realize the lifting and lowering of the anode, the cathode and the ultrasonic stirring device.

7. The electrochemical device according to claim 6, characterized in that The electrochemical device further comprises: A reference electrode has one end located in the molten salt and the other end driven by the first driving member to make the reference electrode rise and fall, and the distance between the reference electrode and the cathode is smaller than the distance between the reference electrode and the anode.

8. The electrochemical device according to claim 6, characterized in that The cover assembly comprises: The cover body is provided with an avoidance hole penetrating in the vertical direction. The anode, the conductive member and the ultrasonic stirring device all pass through the avoidance hole to at least partially extend into the accommodating cavity. The cover body is drivingly connected to the first driving member.

9. The electrochemical device according to claim 8, characterized in that The cover assembly also includes: The cooling device is arranged on a side of the cover body away from the accommodating cavity, and the first driving member and the ultrasonic stirring device both form a heat transfer path with the cooling area of ​​the cooling device.

10. The electrochemical device according to claim 8, characterized in that The electrochemical device further comprises: A hanging member, which is inserted into the avoidance hole and is drivingly matched with the insulating container; A second driving member is arranged on a side of the cover body away from the accommodating chamber, and one of the hanging member and the ultrasonic stirring device is drivingly connected to the second driving member to adjust the relative position of the liquid metal relative to the ultrasonic stirring device in the vertical direction.

11. The electrochemical device according to claim 10, characterized in that The ultrasonic stirring device comprises: A vibration head, comprising a first vibration part and a second vibration part, wherein the first vibration part is located in the liquid metal, and the second vibration part can be used to be immersed in the molten salt; A transducer, the power supply is electrically connected to the transducer, and the transducer is detachably connected to the vibration head to drive the vibration head to oscillate; A horn, the vibration head and the transducer are connected via the horn, and the second driving member is drivingly connected to the horn to adjust the length of the horn.

12. The electrochemical device according to claim 10, characterized in that The avoidance hole includes a first sub-hole, the ultrasonic stirring device and the conductive member are arranged in the first sub-hole, the ultrasonic stirring device is drivingly connected to the second driving member, and the hanging member includes: A bearing portion, used for mounting the insulating container; a fixing portion, covering an opening of the first sub-hole away from the accommodating groove; The insulation part is at least partially located in the first sub-hole, a part of the bearing part is passed through the insulation part and connects the fixing part and the insulation part, and at least a part of the ultrasonic stirring device is movably passed through the fixing part and the insulation part along the vertical direction.

13. The electrochemical device according to claim 1, characterized in that The electrochemical device further comprises: A heating system, used for heating the electrolytic cell; A protective cover is arranged between the heating system and the electrolytic cell, and the protective cover comprises a second insulating layer and a high temperature resistant layer, wherein the second insulating layer is located on a side of the high temperature resistant layer facing the electrolytic cell.

14. The electrochemical device according to claim 6, characterized in that The electrochemical device further comprises: The tail gas treatment system comprises a ventilation pipe, wherein the ventilation pipe is arranged through the cover assembly and communicated with the accommodating chamber, and the tail gas treatment system is used for treating the gas generated by the reaction in the accommodating chamber.

15. A method for extracting metal from molten salt, characterized in that: Extracting metals using the electrochemical device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the method comprising: contacting a portion of the anode and the liquid metal with the molten salt; placing the ultrasonic stirring device in contact with the liquid metal; applying power to the anode and the cathode; Controlling the ultrasonic stirring device to oscillate the liquid metal; Determining that a preset stop condition is reached, stopping the power supply from supplying power to the anode and the cathode; Obtain metals extracted by electrolysis.

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