Loading device

Abstract

The loading device comprises an axis loading component and a peripheral loading component, the loading force of the axis loading component is generated by gravity, the peripheral loading component and the axis loading component are coaxially arranged, and the loading force of the axis loading component and the loading force of the peripheral loading component are mutually independent. In the loading device, the loading force generated by the peripheral loading component is uniformly distributed on the same spatial ring at equal intervals and is parallel to and in the same direction as the loading force generated by the axis loading component, and the axis of the same spatial ring coincides with the axis of the axis loading component. According to the loading device, it can be guaranteed that centering loading force which is applied to the shaft and coincides with the axis and bearing pre-tightening loading force applied to the end face of the bearing installed at the shaft end are mutually independent, and it is guaranteed that the measured value of the height difference between the end face of the bearing and the installation face of the bearing on the shaft is accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of workpiece measurement, and more specifically, to a loading device used in a measurement process. Background Art

[0002] In the assembly of high-speed transmission boxes, it is usually necessary to accurately measure the height difference between the bearing and the bearing mounting surface under load, and grind the bearing spacers according to the height difference to ensure that the preload force of the bearing after assembly is the appropriate preload force under the required load condition, thereby achieving a longer service life for the shaft system and various transmission parts in the transmission box under high-speed rotation conditions.

[0003] Before the measuring device measures the height difference between the bearing end face and the mounting surface on which the bearing is installed, it is usually necessary to apply a centering load force that coincides with the axis of the shaft, and also apply a bearing preload force to the bearing end face to simulate the working pressure generated by the transmission box on the shaft and bearing under working conditions, ensuring that the data measured by the measuring device can reflect the actual position of the shaft and bearing under working conditions.

[0004] In the prior art, the same set of loading devices is usually used to apply loading force to the shaft end face and the bearing end face at the same time. Before measuring the height difference, it is necessary to center the measured shaft in advance and determine the axial position of the measured shaft. A spring mechanism is usually used to complete this operation. When adjustment is required, it is necessary to add gaskets or replace springs, which is labor-intensive. During measurement, the top centering positions of different shaft lengths are different, and the spring needs to be compatible with the measured shafts of different shaft lengths, which will lead to inconsistent spring compression, and then inconsistent centering loading force applied to shafts of different shaft lengths. In the same device, the centering loading force varies greatly, which will have a great impact on the loading force applied to the end face of the outer ring of the bearing. The centering loading force applied to the shaft end face and the bearing preload loading force applied to the bearing end face affect each other, which will make the measurement result inaccurate. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application proposes a loading device that can ensure that the centering loading force applied to the shaft that coincides with the axis and the bearing preload loading force applied to the bearing end face installed on the shaft end are independent of each other, so as to ensure that the measurement value of the height difference between the bearing end face and the mounting surface of the bearing on the shaft is accurate.

[0006] The loading device according to the present application includes an axial loading component whose loading force is generated by gravity and a peripheral loading component coaxially arranged with the axial loading component, and the loading forces of the axial loading component and the peripheral loading component are independent of each other.

[0007] Preferably, the loading force generated by the peripheral loading component is evenly and equidistantly distributed on the same spatial ring and is parallel and in the same direction as the loading force generated by the axial loading component, and the axis line of the same spatial ring coincides with the axis line of the axial loading component.

[0008] Preferably, the axial loading component includes a horizontally arranged support rod, a loading block assembly slidably arranged on the support rod, and a top mechanism arranged vertically and in contact with the support rod.

[0009] Preferably, the axial loading component further comprises a limit assembly fixedly arranged on the support rod in an adjustable relative position and a locking assembly for locking the loading block assembly;

[0010] The limiting assembly and the locking assembly are in contact with and clamped on both sides of the loading block assembly;

[0011] The limiting assembly limits the support rod from rotating relative to the peripheral loading component.

[0012] Preferably, the loading block assembly is a left loading block and a right loading block of the same weight, the same shape and symmetry;

[0013] The limiting assembly is a plurality of limiting blocks with long slots;

[0014] The top mechanism is a cylindrical step shaft, and a tapered top is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface;

[0015] The locking assembly is a locking nut.

[0016] Preferably, the peripheral loading component comprises a cavity for accommodating the axial loading component, the cavity is a through hole arranged in the central part of a guide sleeve assembly formed by a plurality of hollow cylindrical sleeves, and the guide sleeve assembly is used to support and guide the up and down movement of the top mechanism.

[0017] Preferably, a circumferential pressure plate is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the guide sleeve assembly; a circular pressure track is arranged on the lower end surface of the circumferential pressure plate, or a plurality of pressure feet are evenly spaced and distributed on the same circular surface;

[0018] Preferably, the central portion of the circumferential pressure plate has a through hole, and the lower portion of the top mechanism passes through the through hole;

[0019] The lower end surface of the tapered top is lower than the lower end surface of the circumferential pressure plate.

[0020] Preferably, a peripheral force-applying assembly fixedly connected to the guide sleeve assembly for providing a centering loading force is provided at the upper portion of the peripheral loading component, and a vertical long slot hole penetrating therethrough is provided at the lower portion of the peripheral force-applying assembly.

[0021] Preferably, the cavity is connected to the vertical long slot hole;

[0022] The support rods are transversely penetrated and symmetrically arranged in the vertical long slots;

[0023] The limit blocks are fixed on the support rod and are arranged on both sides of the vertical long slot in a contacting and clamping manner.

[0024] The loading device according to the technical solution of the present application can ensure that the working condition is high-speed operation. Before the assembly of the shaft and bearing with high rotation accuracy, when measuring the axial clearance of the bearing, the centering loading force acting on the axis and the bearing preload loading force acting on the end face of the outer ring of the bearing do not affect each other, and both are parallel to the axis of the shaft and the bearing. This ensures the accuracy of the bearing gasket matching data, so that the bearing obtains the appropriate working clearance under the working condition, effectively prevents the sliding or excessive friction of the bearing rolling element, can reduce the friction, wear and temperature rise of the bearing at high speed, reduce the noise of the rolling bearing during operation, increase the life of the grease, and prevent bearing damage.

[0025] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the subsequent detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, and the schematic implementation modes and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the loading device;

[0028] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the loading device;

[0029] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the support rod;

[0030] Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the loading block assembly;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the top institutions;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the loading device;

[0033] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the limit block;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the taper top;

[0035] Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a circumferential pressure plate;

[0036] Fig.10 The figure shows the installation position of the bearing gasket.

[0037] Figure numbers: 1-axial loading component; 2-peripheral loading component; 11-support rod; 12-loading block assembly; 13-top mechanism; 14-limiting assembly; 15-locking assembly; 121-left loading block; 122-right loading block; 141-limiting block; 16-taper top; 21-guide sleeve assembly; 22-circumferential pressure plate; 221-presser foot; 23-peripheral force assembly; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0039] The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with specific implementation methods.

[0040] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the loading device of this specific embodiment includes an axial loading component 1 whose loading force is generated by gravity and a peripheral loading component 2 coaxially arranged with the axial loading component 1, and the loading forces of the axial loading component 1 and the peripheral loading component 2 are independent of each other.

[0041] New energy electric drive transmission boxes, hybrid transmission boxes, etc. have extremely high requirements for the assembly accuracy of transmission parts in the box. Before the assembly work begins, the installation position of each transmission component must be accurately positioned. Among them, the installation of bearings is particularly important. The selection of bearing clearance directly affects the service life and operating stability of mechanical equipment.

[0042] However, considering the factors such as the installation and matching of the bearings, the deformation of the material caused by the temperature change during operation, etc., the bearings are reserved with positive clearance during processing. In order to be used in working conditions under high-precision operation conditions, such as in hybrid transmissions, it is necessary to take certain measures to apply preload force after the bearings and related components are installed and matched, and adjust the bearing clearance by adjusting the position of the inner and outer rings, so that the clearance value of the bearing during operation is the appropriate clearance that meets the requirements, so as to ensure the smooth operation of the bearing under high-precision operation.

[0043] Theoretically, bearings run most smoothly under zero clearance or even a certain degree of negative clearance. At this time, the bearing stiffness is most effectively exerted and the noise during bearing operation is also the lowest. Therefore, we should try our best to ensure that the bearings work under this condition.

[0044] The bearing types that need to be preloaded basically cover all conventional types, that is, all types of bearings used in high-precision occasions need to be preloaded, including deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings (must be preloaded when used on high-speed machine tool spindles), thrust bearings, tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, etc., all of which can be preloaded.

[0045] Preload is divided into light preload, medium preload and heavy preload. When the bearing needs to run at high speed and requires smooth operation, light preload should be implemented; when the bearing needs to increase the load capacity and rigidity and the speed is not high, medium or heavy preload should be implemented.

[0046] Light preload is only to reduce the movement caused by the clearance between the rolling element and the raceway in the non-contact area of ​​the bearing during operation. Therefore, it is sufficient to ensure that the bearing clearance is zero or zero upstream clearance; medium or heavy clearance is zero negative clearance. The size of the preload force must be calculated, and the calculation must take into account the internal structure and related dimensions of the bearing, including the groove curvature, steel ball curvature, material properties, etc. The size of the preload force will directly affect the value of the working clearance of the bearing.

[0047] The working clearance is the clearance of the rolling bearing when it is in working state. When working, the temperature rise and thermal expansion of the inner ring are the largest, which reduces the bearing clearance. At the same time, due to the action of load, elastic deformation occurs at the contact between the rolling element and the raceway, which increases the bearing clearance. Whether the working clearance of the bearing is larger or smaller than the installation clearance depends on the combined effect of these two factors.

[0048] Working clearance is an important quality indicator of rolling bearings and an important parameter in bearing applications. In actual use, the working clearance of the bearing will affect the load distribution, vibration, noise, friction torque and life of the bearing. Inappropriate working clearance of the bearing will cause damage to the transmission box.

[0049] If the working clearance of the bearing is too small, the friction torque of the bearing will increase, thereby generating a large amount of heat, which can easily lead to heat damage to the bearing. This is because when the working clearance of the bearing is too small, the lubrication of the rolling elements and the inner and outer rings of the bearing will be poor, and a large amount of heat will be generated due to dry friction, resulting in wear, bonding, and cracking of the inner and outer rings of the bearing, which will cause bearing damage.

[0050] The working clearance of the bearing is too large, which is mainly caused by the natural clearance of the bearing being too large and the bearing's pressing force being insufficient. In a high-speed mechanism, when the natural clearance of the bearing is large, the working clearance is also relatively large, which will cause the mechanism to vibrate more during operation and reduce the service life of the bearing.

[0051] In practice, the axial clearance is less affected by factors such as interference fit and load operation. Therefore, during installation, the original clearance of the bearing is generally used as the standard for adjustment.

[0052] like Fig.10 As shown, the conventional adjustment method is as follows: without covering the transmission box, install the shaft assembly in place, tighten the gland bolts on both sides of the bearing in place, and then apply a certain axial pressure on one end of the shaft.

[0053] The size of the axial force can be referred to the axial force that the shaft bears during operation, and then use a feeler gauge to measure gap 1 and gap 2. After the measurement is completed, calculate the sum of gap 1 and gap 2 and compare it with the original clearance measured by the bearing to ensure that the difference between the two is within ±40μm. If the requirement cannot be met, it can be adjusted by adding adjustment shims until the requirement is met.

[0054] It can be seen that in the method of adjusting the axial clearance of the bearing, first, the shaft is assembled and installed in place; second, the gland bolts on both sides of the bearing are tightened in place so that the bearing bears a certain preload; third, a loading force is applied axially at one end of the shaft, which can refer to the axial force that the shaft bears during operation; these three conditions are important prerequisites for accurately measuring the clearance of the bearing under load, grinding out gaskets of appropriate thickness, comparing the working clearance with the original clearance of the bearing, and ensuring that the difference between the two is within ±40μm.

[0055] In the specific implementation of the present application, the axial loading component 1 is a mechanism for applying a centering loading force to the shaft on which the bearing is installed, and can provide a stable centering loading force to shafts of different shaft lengths, and perform centering limit on the shaft; the peripheral loading component 2 is a mechanism for applying a bearing preload loading force to the end face of the outer ring of the bearing. The application of these two loading forces can be realized on the same device while being independent of each other and not affecting each other, effectively ensuring accurate measurement of the clearance of the bearing under load. This provides an effective guarantee for the subsequent important work of calculating the appropriate thickness of the bearing gasket so that the bearing can obtain a suitable working clearance.

[0056] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, in this specific embodiment, the axial loading component 1 includes a horizontally arranged support rod 11, a loading block assembly 12 slidably arranged on the support rod 11, and a top mechanism 13 arranged vertically and in contact with the support rod 11.

[0057] The gravity generated by the loading block assembly 12 is transmitted to the top mechanism 13 through the support rod 11 .

[0058] like Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the axial loading component 1 also includes a limit assembly 14 fixedly arranged on the support rod 11 in an adjustable relative position and a locking assembly 15 for locking the loading block assembly; the limit assembly 14 and the locking assembly 15 are contacted and clamped on both sides of the loading block assembly.

[0059] The support rod 11 is horizontally limited, which provides limitation and support for the loading block assembly 12 and can also guide the loading block assembly 12 left and right. The limit assembly 14 is used to realize rotation limitation of the support rod 11 including the loading block assembly 12 arranged on the support rod 11.

[0060] In this specific embodiment, the loading block assembly 12 is a left loading block 121 and a right loading block 122 of the same weight, the same shape and symmetry;

[0061] The left loading block 121 and the right loading block 122 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the support rod 11, and the positions of the two pieces can be adjusted separately. Under the condition of ensuring balance, the overall center of gravity of the support rod 11 and the loading block assembly 12 can be easily coincided with the axial center line of the top mechanism 13.

[0062] The limiting assembly 14 is a plurality of limiting blocks 141 with long slots;

[0063] like Figure 8 As shown, the top mechanism 13 is a cylindrical stepped shaft, a tapered top 16 is fixedly provided at the lower end surface, and the locking assembly 15 is a locking nut.

[0064] By adjusting the positions of the two sets of locking nuts and the limit block 141 that clamp the left loading block 121 and the right loading block 122 at the end of the support rod 11, the position of the loading block can be fixed and the balance position can be determined. The gravity of the overall loading block assembly 12 acts on the end of the workpiece through the top mechanism 13, and is independent of the bearing preload force generated by the peripheral loading component 2, so that the centering loading force applied by the axial loading component 1 to the shaft end face acts independently on the shaft.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the peripheral loading component 2 includes a cavity for accommodating the axial loading component 1. The cavity is a through hole set in the central part of a guide sleeve assembly 21 composed of a plurality of hollow cylindrical sleeves. The guide sleeve assembly 21 is used to support and guide the up and down movement of the top mechanism 13.

[0066] like Fig. 9 As shown, a circumferential pressure plate 22 is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the guide sleeve assembly 21; three pressure feet 221 located in the same circular ring are evenly arranged on the lower end surface of the circumferential pressure plate 22; and each pressure foot 221 is arranged at an interval of 120 degrees.

[0067] exist Figure 2It can be clearly seen that the bearing preload force generated by the peripheral loading component 2 acts evenly and equidistantly on the end face of the space circle where the presser foot 221 is located, that is, on the end face of the outer ring of the bearing to be measured; and is parallel and in the same direction as the centering load force generated by the axial loading component 1, which is generated by the tapered tip 16 and acts on the shaft end face. The coaxial arrangement of the parts of the axial loading component 1 and the peripheral loading component 2 ensures that the axis center line of the same space ring coincides with the axis center line of the axial loading component 1.

[0068] In this specific embodiment, the central portion of the circumferential pressure plate 22 has a through hole, and the lower portion of the top mechanism 13 passes through the through hole;

[0069] The lower end surface of the tapered top 16 is lower than the lower end surface of the circumferential pressure plate 22 .

[0070] In another specific embodiment of the present application, the lower end surface of the tapered tip 16 and the lower end surface of the circumferential pressure plate 22 can be flexibly arranged according to the relative positional relationship between the bearing and the shaft in actual production.

[0071] like Figure 2 , Figure 6 As shown, the upper part of the peripheral loading component 2 is provided with a peripheral force-applying component 23 fixedly connected to the guide sleeve component 22 for providing loading force, and a vertical long slot hole penetrating therethrough is provided at the lower part of the peripheral force-applying component 23 .

[0072] The cavity is connected through the vertical long slot hole; the through position is a gap for the top mechanism 13 to pass through.

[0073] The support rod 11 is horizontally penetrated and symmetrically arranged in the vertical long slot hole;

[0074] The limiting blocks 141 are arranged on both sides of the vertical long slot in a contacting and clamping manner to ensure that the support rod 11 will not rotate in the vertical long slot.

[0075] The loading device in the specific implementation of the present application adopts a gravity-type measuring top mechanism, which realizes that the centering loading force of the top mechanism 13 acting on the positioning hole of the measured shaft is constant and compatible with the bearing preload loading force acting on the end face of the bearing installed on the shaft head of different shaft lengths. It has a clever principle, simple structure, convenient operation, good maintainability, and accurate measurement. This ensures that the accurate value of the thickness of the bearing gasket can be obtained, so that the measured bearing can obtain the best preload force under working conditions, effectively improving the high rotation accuracy, rigidity, life of the bearing operation, and reducing vibration and noise.

[0076] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail above; however, the present application is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present application, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present application, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0077] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this application will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0078] In addition, the various implementation modes of the present application may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present application, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A loading device, characterized in that: It comprises an axial loading component (1) whose loading force is generated by gravity and a peripheral loading component (2) arranged coaxially with the axial loading component (1), wherein the loading forces of the axial loading component (1) and the peripheral loading component (2) are independent of each other.

2. The loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading force generated by the peripheral loading component (2) is evenly and equidistantly distributed on the same spatial ring and is parallel and in the same direction as the loading force generated by the axial loading component (1); the axis of the same spatial ring coincides with the axis of the axial loading component (1).

3. The loading device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axial loading component (1) comprises a horizontally arranged support rod (11), a loading block assembly (12) slidably arranged on the support rod (11), and a top mechanism (13) arranged vertically and in contact with the support rod (11).

4. The loading device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The axial loading component (1) further comprises a limit assembly (14) fixedly arranged on the support rod (11) in an adjustable relative position, and a locking assembly (15) for locking the loading block assembly; The limiting assembly (14) and the locking assembly (15) are arranged on both sides of the loading block assembly (12) in a contacting and clamping manner; The limiting assembly (14) limits the rotation of the support rod (11) relative to the peripheral loading component (2).

5. The loading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The loading block assembly (12) comprises a left loading block (121) and a right loading block (122) of the same weight, the same shape and being symmetrical; The limiting assembly (14) is a plurality of limiting blocks (141) having long slot holes; The top mechanism (13) is a cylindrical step shaft, and a tapered top (16) is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface; The locking assembly (15) is a locking nut.

6. The loading device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The peripheral loading component (2) comprises a cavity for accommodating the axial loading component (1), wherein the cavity is a through hole provided at the center of a guide sleeve assembly (21) formed by a plurality of hollow cylindrical sleeves, and the guide sleeve assembly (21) is used to support and guide the up and down movement of the top mechanism (13).

7. The loading device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A circumferential pressure plate (22) is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the guide sleeve assembly (21); a circular pressure track is arranged on the lower end surface of the circumferential pressure plate (22), or a plurality of pressure feet (221) are evenly spaced and distributed on the same circular surface.

8. The loading device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The central portion of the circumferential pressure plate (22) has a through hole, and the lower portion of the top mechanism (13) passes through the through hole; The lower end surface of the tapered top (16) is lower than the lower end surface of the circumferential pressure plate (22).

9. The loading device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The upper part of the peripheral loading component (2) is provided with a peripheral force-applying component (23) fixedly connected to the guide sleeve component (22) for providing a centering loading force, and the lower part of the peripheral force-applying component (23) is provided with a vertical long slot hole penetrating therethrough.

10. The loading device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cavity is connected through the vertical long slot hole; The support rod (11) is transversely penetrated and symmetrically arranged in the vertical long slot hole; The limit block (141) is fixed on the support rod (11) and is arranged on both sides of the vertical long slot in a contacting and clamping manner.

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