Friction-wear testing machine, low-temperature control device and low-temperature control method

Abstract

The invention relates to a friction-wear testing machine, a low-temperature control device and a low-temperature control method. The low-temperature control device is used for providing cooling capacity for a lower friction device of the friction-wear testing machine, and comprises a temperature adjusting structure, the temperature adjusting structure comprises a heat preservation assembly, a cooling part and a flexible heat conduction assembly, and the flexible heat conduction assembly is flexibly connected with the cooling part and a sample table of the lower friction device so as to transmit the cooling capacity of the cooling part to the sample table; and the refrigerant circulation structure comprises a first storage tank, a second storage tank and a pipeline assembly, the pipeline assembly comprises the first storage tank, the second storage tank and a cooling component, one of the first storage tank and the second storage tank can convey the refrigerant to the cooling component through the pipeline assembly, and the other one of the first storage tank and the second storage tank recycles the refrigerant through the pipeline assembly. In this way, accurate control over the low-temperature environment is achieved through the flexible heat conduction assembly, the refrigerant can circularly flow among the first storage tank, the cooling component and the second storage tank, and the utilization rate of the refrigerant is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of friction and wear testing, and in particular to a friction and wear testing machine, a low temperature control device and a low temperature control method. Background Art

[0002] Tribology is a discipline that studies the interaction between surfaces and the frictional behavior of objects. It is widely used in the fields of industry, aerospace, automobiles, energy, etc. Friction and wear not only affect the life and performance of mechanical parts, but also have a profound impact on energy efficiency and environmental protection.

[0003] With the advancement of science and technology, especially in extreme environments such as aerospace, higher requirements are placed on the tribological properties of materials under special temperature conditions. In extreme environments such as space and deep sea, materials need to maintain efficient friction performance under low or even ultra-low temperature conditions. Therefore, simulating these low-temperature environments in the laboratory and studying the friction behavior and wear resistance of materials have become key topics in the field of tribology.

[0004] Among the current friction and wear testers, reciprocating and rotary friction and wear testers are widely used to measure friction and friction coefficient on a macro scale. Among them, the reciprocating friction and wear tester can provide accurate friction-displacement curves for evaluating the friction behavior of materials in reciprocating motion. The rotary friction and wear tester is suitable for evaluating the friction characteristics of materials under continuous rotation conditions, and can provide continuous data on friction and rotation speed.

[0005] At present, conventional friction testers have highly sensitive force sensors and a wide range of testing. These devices show limitations when testing extreme environments such as low temperatures, especially in terms of low temperature control and stability, and cannot achieve precise control of low temperature environments. At the same time, the utilization rate of refrigerants is low, resulting in refrigerant waste and increasing test costs. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a friction and wear testing machine, a low-temperature control device and a low-temperature control method to address the problems that conventional friction and wear testing machines cannot achieve precise control of low-temperature environments and have low refrigerant utilization rates. The method can enable the samples to be tested to undergo friction and wear tests in low-temperature environments and achieve precise control of low-temperature environments. At the same time, it can achieve the circulation of refrigerants, reduce refrigerant waste, improve refrigerant utilization rates and reduce testing costs.

[0007] A low temperature control device is used to provide cooling capacity to a lower friction device of a friction and wear testing machine, the low temperature control device comprising:

[0008] A temperature regulating structure, comprising a heat preservation component, a cooling component and a flexible heat-conducting component, wherein the heat preservation component is at least partially arranged outside the lower friction device, the cooling component is arranged in the heat preservation component, and the flexible heat-conducting component flexibly connects the cooling component and the sample stage of the lower friction device to transfer the cold energy of the cooling component to the sample stage; and

[0009] A refrigerant circulation structure includes a first storage tank, a second storage tank and a piping assembly, wherein the piping assembly includes the first storage tank, the second storage tank and the cooling component, one of the first storage tank and the second storage tank can transport refrigerant to the cooling component through the piping assembly, the other can recover refrigerant through the piping assembly, and the piping assembly can reflux the refrigerant in the first storage tank and the second storage tank.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present application, the pipeline assembly includes a first connecting pipeline, a second connecting pipeline, a reflux component, a first control valve, a second control valve and a third control valve, the first connecting pipeline connects the first storage tank and the cooling component, and the second connecting pipeline connects the second storage tank and the cooling component;

[0011] The first control valve is disposed in the first connecting pipeline, the second control valve is disposed in the second connecting pipeline, one end of the first connecting pipeline away from the first control valve is connected to the cooling component, and one end of the second connecting pipeline away from the second control valve is connected to the cooling component;

[0012] The first storage tank transports the refrigerant to the second storage tank through the first connecting pipeline via the cooling component and the second connecting pipeline, the reflux component is connected to the first connecting pipeline and the second connecting pipeline, and the second storage tank transports the refrigerant to the first storage tank via the cooling component.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present application, the reflux component includes a third connecting pipeline, a fourth connecting pipeline, a third control valve and a fourth control valve, the third connecting pipeline is connected to the first connecting pipeline and the second connecting pipeline, and is located at the output end of the first storage tank and the output end of the second control valve;

[0014] The fourth connecting pipeline is connected to the first connecting pipeline and the second connecting pipeline and is located at the output end of the first control valve and the output end of the second storage tank. The third control valve is arranged in the third connecting pipeline, and the fourth control valve is arranged in the fourth connecting pipeline.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present application, the first storage tank includes a first tank body, a first inlet and outlet liquid valve and a first liquid level gauge provided on the first tank body, the first inlet and outlet liquid valve is connected to the first connecting pipeline, and the first liquid level gauge is used to detect the remaining refrigerant amount in the first tank body;

[0016] The second storage tank includes a second tank body, a second inlet and outlet liquid valve and a second liquid level gauge arranged on the second tank body, the second inlet and outlet liquid valve is connected to the second connecting pipeline, and the second liquid level gauge is used to detect the remaining refrigerant amount in the second tank body.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present application, the first storage tank further comprises a first vent valve, which is disposed on the first tank body and is used to release pressure from the first tank body, and the second storage tank comprises a second vent valve, which is disposed on the second tank body and is used to release pressure from the second tank body;

[0018] And / or, the first storage tank further includes a first boosting valve, which is disposed on the first tank body and is used to pressurize the refrigerant, and the second storage tank further includes a second boosting valve, which is disposed on the second tank body and is used to pressurize the refrigerant.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present application, the flexible heat-conducting assembly includes a first heat-conducting block, a second heat-conducting block and a heat-conducting braided belt, the first heat-conducting block is arranged on the cooling component, the second heat-conducting block is arranged on the sample stage, and the heat-conducting braided belt connects the first heat-conducting block and the second heat-conducting block;

[0020] And / or, the thermal insulation assembly comprises a thermal insulation layer, a mounting shell and a top cover, the thermal insulation layer is arranged around the cooling component, the mounting shell is arranged around the thermal insulation layer, and the top cover is arranged on the top of the cooling component, the thermal insulation layer and the mounting shell;

[0021] And / or, the temperature adjustment structure also includes a temperature adjustment component, which includes a temperature controller, a temperature detection component and a heating component, the temperature detection component is arranged on the insulation component and / or the sample table, the heating component is arranged on the insulation component and / or the sample table, and the temperature controller electrically connects the insulation component and the sample table.

[0022] A low temperature control method, applied to a low temperature control device as described in any of the above technical features, the low temperature control method comprises the following steps:

[0023] Controlling the refrigerant circulation structure to circulate and deliver refrigerant to the cooling component;

[0024] The cooling component absorbs the coldness of the refrigerant to reduce the temperature in the thermal insulation component;

[0025] Continuously obtaining the actual temperature of the heat preservation component, and if the actual temperature is lower than the target temperature, controlling the heating element to heat the heat preservation component until the actual temperature in the heat preservation component reaches the target temperature;

[0026] When the temperature in the heat preservation component reaches the target temperature, the friction device is controlled to perform a friction test.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present application, controlling the refrigerant circulation structure to circulate the refrigerant to the cooling component comprises the following steps:

[0028] Injecting a first set amount of refrigerant into the first storage tank and injecting a preset amount of refrigerant into the second storage tank;

[0029] Controlling the first storage tank to deliver refrigerant to the cooling component via a first connecting pipeline, and to return the refrigerant to the second storage tank via a second connecting pipeline;

[0030] When the amount of refrigerant remaining in the first storage tank reaches a second set amount, controlling the first storage tank to stop delivering refrigerant;

[0031] Controlling the second storage tank to deliver the refrigerant to the cooling component through the second connecting pipeline and the fourth connecting pipeline, and to return the refrigerant to the first storage tank through the third connecting pipeline and the first connecting pipeline;

[0032] When the amount of refrigerant remaining in the second storage tank reaches a preset amount, controlling the second storage tank to stop delivering refrigerant;

[0033] Repeat steps 2 to 5 until the test is completed.

[0034] A friction and wear testing machine, comprising an atmosphere chamber, an upper friction device, a lower friction device, an environmental control device, and a low temperature control device as described in any of the above technical features;

[0035] The upper friction device and the lower friction device are arranged in the atmosphere chamber, the upper friction device is located above the lower friction device, the upper friction device clamps the ball sample, the lower friction device clamps the sample to be tested, the ball sample can abut against the sample to be tested, and the lower friction device can reciprocate relative to the upper friction device;

[0036] The environment control device is arranged outside the atmosphere chamber and communicated with the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber to control the environment atmosphere of the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber;

[0037] The low temperature control device is partially located inside the atmosphere chamber and partially located outside the atmosphere chamber, and covers the lower friction device.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present application, the upper friction device includes a ball sample, a clamping member, a cantilever beam, and a friction detection member, wherein the friction detection member is disposed in the atmosphere chamber, the cantilever beam is disposed below the friction detection member, the clamping member is disposed below the cantilever beam, and the ball sample is disposed in the clamping member and can abut against the sample to be tested;

[0039] And / or, the lower friction device includes a base, a reciprocating table, a sample table and a sample to be tested, the base is arranged in the atmosphere chamber, the reciprocating table is arranged on the base, the sample table is arranged on the reciprocating table, the sample table is used to carry the sample to be tested, and the reciprocating table can drive the sample table and the sample to be tested to reciprocate;

[0040] And / or, the environmental control device includes an environmental control component, a humidity detection component and a humidity display, the environmental control component is arranged in the atmosphere chamber to adjust the environmental atmosphere in the atmosphere chamber, the humidity detection component is arranged in the atmosphere chamber to detect the humidity information in the atmosphere chamber, and the humidity display is located on the outside of the atmosphere chamber and is electrically connected to the humidity detection component to display the humidity information.

[0041] After adopting the above technical solution, this application has at least the following technical effects:

[0042] The friction and wear tester, cryogenic control device and cryogenic control method of the present application, in which the heat preservation component is at least partially surrounded by the outer side of the lower friction device, the cooling component is arranged in the heat preservation component, the flexible heat conductive component flexibly connects the cooling component and the sample stage of the lower friction device, and the first storage tank and the second storage tank of the refrigeration cycle structure convey or recover the refrigerant to the cooling component through the pipeline component. After the cooling component absorbs the coldness of the refrigerant, it can be transferred to the sample stage, so that the sample to be tested on the sample stage is in a low temperature environment.

[0043] The low temperature control device transfers the coldness of the cooling component to the sample stage through a flexible heat-conducting component, so that the ambient temperature in the heat-insulating component and the sample stage are cooled at the same time, so that the coldness is accurately and efficiently transferred. In this way, the sample to be tested on the sample stage can be subjected to friction and wear tests in a low temperature environment, and the low temperature environment can be accurately controlled. At the same time, the refrigerant can circulate between the first storage tank, the cooling component, and the second storage tank through the pipeline assembly, reducing the waste of the refrigerant, improving the utilization rate of the refrigerant, and reducing the test cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1Schematic diagram of a friction and wear testing machine according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the friction and wear testing machine at point A is shown.

[0046] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The shown is a partial enlarged view of the friction and wear testing machine at point B.

[0047] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the refrigerant circulation structure in the friction and wear testing machine shown.

[0048] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The shown is a partial enlarged view of the friction and wear testing machine at point C.

[0049] Figure 6 This is a working flow chart of the friction and wear testing machine of this application.

[0050] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of temperature regulation in the low temperature control method of the present application.

[0051] Figure 8 The present invention is a flow chart of the circulation of refrigerant in the low temperature control method of the present application.

[0052] Wherein: 1. Friction and wear testing machine; 10. Low temperature control device; 100. Temperature adjustment structure; 110. Insulation assembly; 111. Insulation layer; 112. Mounting shell; 113. Top cover; 120. Cooling component; 130. Flexible heat-conducting assembly; 131. First heat-conducting block; 132. Second heat-conducting block; 133. Heat-conducting braided belt; 140. Temperature adjustment assembly; 141. Temperature controller; 142. First temperature detection element; 143. Second temperature detection element ; 144, first heating element; 145, second heating element; 200, refrigerant circulation structure; 210, first storage tank; 211, first tank body; 212, first inlet and outlet valve; 213, first liquid level gauge; 214, first booster valve; 215, first pressure gauge; 216, first vent valve; 217, first safety valve; 218, first filling valve; 220, second storage tank; 221, second tank body; 222, second inlet and outlet valve; 223, second liquid level gauge 224, second boost valve; 225, second pressure gauge; 226, second vent valve; 227, second safety valve; 228, second filling valve; 230, pipeline assembly; 231, first connecting pipeline; 232, second connecting pipeline; 233, first control valve; 234, second control valve; 235, third connecting pipeline; 236, fourth connecting pipeline; 237, third control valve; 238, fourth control valve; 239, pipeline safety valve; 30, atmosphere chamber ; 40, upper friction device; 401, ball sample; 402, clamping member; 403, cantilever beam; 404, friction detection member; 405, extension block; 50, lower friction device; 501, sample to be tested; 502, base; 503, reciprocating table; 504, sample table; 60, environmental control device; 601, environmental control member; 602, humidity detection member; 603, humidity display; 604, gas pipe; 605, first sealing member; 606, second sealing member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0054] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0055] In addition, if the terms "first" or "second" appear, these terms are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, if the term "plurality" appears, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0056] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, if the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like appear, these terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0057] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, if there is a description that a first feature is "on" or "below" a second feature, etc., or the like, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0058] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. If any, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0059] Tribology is a discipline that studies the interaction between surfaces and the frictional behavior of objects. It is widely used in the fields of industry, aerospace, automobiles, energy, etc. Friction and wear not only affect the life and performance of mechanical parts, but also have a profound impact on energy efficiency and environmental protection. Usually, friction and wear testing machines are used to conduct friction and wear tests on mechanical parts.

[0060] At present, conventional friction testers have highly sensitive force sensors and a wide range of testing. These devices show limitations when testing extreme environments such as low temperatures, especially in terms of low temperature control and stability, and cannot achieve precise control of low temperature environments. At the same time, the utilization rate of refrigerants is low, resulting in refrigerant waste and increasing test costs.

[0061] For this purpose, see Figure 1 The present application provides a novel low-temperature control device 10 , which is applied to a friction and wear testing machine 1 . Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a friction and wear tester 1 according to an embodiment of the present application. The low temperature control device 10 can provide a relatively low test temperature for the friction and wear tester 1, so that the friction and wear tester 1 can perform a low temperature friction and wear test on the sample 501 to be tested.

[0062] The friction and wear tester 1 of the present application can perform low-temperature friction and wear tests on the sample 501 to be tested. When the test measurement is actually performed, the sample 501 to be tested is located at the bottom, and a ball sample 401 is arranged above the sample 501 to be tested, and the ball sample 401 can abut against the sample 501 to be tested. In addition, the ball sample 401 is fixed, and the sample 501 to be tested can reciprocate and generate friction and wear with the ball sample 401, which is convenient for later measurement of the friction and wear between the ball sample 401 and the sample 501 to be tested.

[0063] The sample to be tested 501 here is a test disk made of a material that needs to be subjected to a low-temperature friction test, etc. In other words, the friction and wear test is achieved by the reciprocating motion of the sample to be tested 501 relative to the ball sample 401. In this embodiment, the sample to be tested 501 is a disk sample. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the sample to be tested 501 can also be other types of samples, and the friction and wear test principles thereof are substantially the same, which will not be described in detail here.

[0064] It can be understood that the sample 501 to be tested is a sample that needs to be subjected to a friction and wear test, and the sample is a mechanical part used in the fields of industry, aerospace, automobile, energy, etc. or other low-temperature equipment. In principle, the type of the sample 501 to be tested is not limited in this application. As long as the friction and wear of the low-temperature environment have an impact on it, the friction and wear tester 1 of this application can be used for testing.

[0065] The low-temperature control device 10 of the present application can realize accurate and efficient transfer of cold, so that the sample 501 to be tested can undergo friction and wear tests in a low-temperature environment, and realize precise control of the low-temperature environment. At the same time, it can realize the circulation flow of the refrigerant, reduce the waste of the refrigerant, improve the utilization rate of the refrigerant, and reduce the test cost.

[0066] In order to better explain the specific structure of the low temperature control device 10, the structure of the friction and wear testing machine 1 is briefly introduced here. Figure 1 As shown, the friction and wear testing machine 1 includes an atmosphere chamber 30, an upper friction device 40, a lower friction device 50, an environmental control device 60, and a low temperature control device 10 of the present application. The upper friction device 40 and the lower friction device 50 are arranged in the atmosphere chamber 30, and the upper friction device 40 is located above the lower friction device 50.

[0067] The upper friction device 40 clamps the ball sample 401, the lower friction device 50 clamps the sample to be tested 501, and the ball sample 401 can abut against the sample to be tested 501 of the lower friction device 50. The lower friction device 50 can reciprocate relative to the upper friction device 40. The environmental control device 60 is arranged on the outside of the atmosphere chamber 30 and is connected to the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber 30 to control the environmental atmosphere of the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber 30. The low temperature control device 10 is partially located on the inner side of the atmosphere chamber 30 and partially located on the outer side of the atmosphere chamber 30, and covers the lower friction device 50.

[0068] The atmosphere chamber 30 is the outer shell of the friction and wear tester 1. The atmosphere chamber 30 is a closed shell. The upper friction device 40 and the lower friction device 50 are arranged in the atmosphere chamber 30. The upper friction device 40 is located above the lower friction device 50. Figure 1 As shown, the up and down direction is the height direction, the top and bottom direction is the width direction.

[0069] The ball sample 401 is clamped at the bottom of the upper friction device 40, and the ball sample 401 is clamped at the top of the lower friction device 50, and the ball sample 401 can abut against the sample to be tested 501. The upper friction device 40 is fixedly arranged, and the lower friction device 50 can reciprocate relative to the upper friction device 40. In this way, the lower friction device 50 can reciprocate with the sample to be tested 501, and the sample to be tested 501 can reciprocate with the ball sample 401 when reciprocating, so as to realize the friction and wear test of the ball sample 401 and the sample to be tested 501.

[0070] The environmental control device 60 is arranged on the outside of the atmosphere chamber 30 and is connected to the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber 30. The environmental control device 60 can adjust the environmental atmosphere in the atmosphere chamber 30 so that the upper friction device 40 and the lower friction device 50 can perform friction and wear tests on the ball sample 401 and the sample to be tested 501 under a specific atmosphere.

[0071] Exemplarily, the environment control device 60 can evacuate the atmosphere chamber 30, or introduce an inert gas into the atmosphere chamber 30. Optionally, the atmosphere chamber 30 is a customized glove box with good airtightness. Optionally, the atmosphere chamber 30 is made of glass.

[0072] The cryogenic control device 10 is partially disposed in the atmosphere chamber 30 and partially disposed outside the atmosphere chamber 30. Specifically, the temperature adjustment structure 100 of the cryogenic control device 10 is located in the atmosphere chamber 30, and the refrigerant circulation structure 200 of the cryogenic control device 10 is located outside the atmosphere chamber 30. The refrigerant circulation structure 200 can transport the refrigerant to the temperature adjustment structure 100, so that the temperature adjustment structure 100 cools down the ball sample 401, the lower friction device 50, and the sample to be tested 501 in the atmosphere chamber 30, so as to realize the friction and wear test of the ball sample 401 and the sample to be tested 501 in a low temperature environment.

[0073] When the friction and wear tester 1 of the present application performs a friction and wear test on the ball sample 401 and the sample to be tested 501, the ball sample 401 is clamped below the upper friction device 40, and the sample to be tested 501 is clamped above the lower friction device 50, and the ball sample 401 is brought into contact with the sample to be tested 501. Subsequently, the environmental atmosphere in the atmosphere chamber 30 is adjusted by the environmental control device 60, so that the ball sample 401 and the sample to be tested 501 are subjected to a friction and wear test under a specific environmental atmosphere.

[0074] Then, the refrigerant circulation structure 200 delivers the refrigerant to the temperature adjustment structure 100, and the temperature adjustment structure 100 can use the cooling capacity of the refrigerant to cool the lower friction device 50, so that the lower friction device 50, the sample to be tested 501 and the ball sample 401 are in a low temperature environment. Subsequently, the lower friction device 50 drives the sample to be tested 501 to reciprocate relative to the upper friction device 40, so as to perform friction and wear tests on the ball sample 401 and the sample to be tested 501.

[0075] After the friction and wear test is finished, the refrigerant circulation structure 200 stops delivering the refrigerant. In addition, the relevant force parameters can be obtained during the test, thereby obtaining the relevant data of the friction and wear between the ball sample 401 and the sample to be tested 501, so as to determine the friction and wear conditions between the ball sample 401 and the sample to be tested 501.

[0076] The friction and wear tester 1 of the present application realizes the friction and wear test between the ball sample 401 and the sample to be tested 501 by the reciprocating motion of the lower friction device 50 relative to the upper friction device 40. In addition, during the friction and wear test, the ambient temperature of the lower friction device 50 is regulated by the low temperature control device 10, so that the ball sample 401, the lower friction device 50 and the sample to be tested 501 are in a low temperature environment, so that the ball sample 401 and the sample to be tested 501 can be subjected to the friction and wear test in the low temperature environment, and the low temperature environment can be precisely controlled. At the same time, the circulation and transportation of the refrigerant can be realized, and the utilization rate of the refrigerant can be improved.

[0077] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In one embodiment, the upper friction device 40 includes a clamping member 402, a cantilever beam 403, a ball sample 401 and a friction detection member 404. The friction detection member 404 is arranged in the atmosphere chamber 30, the cantilever beam 403 is arranged below the friction detection member 404, the clamping member 402 is arranged below the cantilever beam 403, the ball sample 401 is arranged below the clamping member 402, and can abut against the sample to be tested 501. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The shown is a partial enlarged view of the friction and wear testing machine 1 at point A.

[0078] The friction detection member 404 is fixed to the top of the atmosphere chamber 30, and the bottom of the friction detection member 404 is connected to the cantilever beam 403, and the bottom of the cantilever beam 403 is connected to the clamping member 402, which is a clamping component for clamping the ball sample 401. The bottom of the clamping member 402 clamps the ball sample 401, and the ball sample 401 abuts against the sample 501 to be tested clamped by the lower friction device 50.

[0079] When the lower friction device 50 drives the sample 501 to be tested to reciprocate, the sample 501 to be tested can rub against the ball sample 401. Thus, when the ball sample 401 and the sample 501 to be tested rub against each other, the positive pressure and friction between the ball sample 401 and the sample 501 to be tested can cause the cantilever beam 403 to deform, and then the friction detection member 404 can convert the deformation into a force signal and record it, thereby converting it into friction and wear data between the sample 501 to be tested and the ball sample 401.

[0080] In this embodiment, the friction detection member 404 is fixed to the top of the atmosphere chamber 30 by a screw, the cantilever beam 403 is fixed to the friction detection member 404 by a screw, the clamping member 402 is fixed to the cantilever beam 403 by a screw, and the ball sample 401 is fixed to the clamping member 402 by a screw. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the threaded connection method can also be replaced by welding, bonding and other connection methods.

[0081] Moreover, the friction detection member 404, the cantilever beam 403, the clamping member 402, and the ball sample 401 are tightly connected, so that the friction force and the positive pressure on the ball sample 401 are accurately transmitted to the friction detection member 404. At the same time, the threaded connection can also realize the detachable connection between the friction detection member 404, the cantilever beam 403, the clamping member 402, and the ball sample 401, so as to replace parts of different models to meet the requirements of friction and wear tests.

[0082] In one embodiment, the friction detection member 404 is a load and friction force sensor, which can convert the deformation of the cantilever beam 403 into a force signal and record the force signal. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the friction detection member 404 can also be other structures that can convert the deformation of the cantilever beam 403 into a force signal and record it.

[0083] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the upper friction device 40 further includes an extension block 405, which is disposed below the cantilever beam 403 and connected to the clamping member 402. In other words, the extension block 405 is located between the cantilever beam 403 and the clamping member 402, and the clamping member 402 is supported on the cantilever beam 403 by the extension block 405.

[0084] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 In one embodiment, the lower friction device 50 includes a base 502, a reciprocating table 503, a sample table 504 and a sample to be tested 501. The base 502 is arranged in the atmosphere chamber 30, the reciprocating table 503 is arranged on the base 502, the sample table 504 is arranged on the reciprocating table 503, the sample table 504 is used to carry the sample to be tested 501, and the reciprocating table 503 can drive the sample table 504 and the sample to be tested 501 to reciprocate. Figure 3 for Figure 1 The shown is a partial enlarged view of the friction and wear testing machine 1 at point B.

[0085] The base 502 is a fixed base of the lower friction device 50, the reciprocating table 503 is arranged on the base 502, and the sample table 504 is arranged above the reciprocating table 503. The sample 501 to be tested is arranged on the sample table 504. It can be understood that there is a special clamp on the sample table 504, and the sample 501 to be tested can be fixed to the sample table 504 by the clamp after the sample 501 to be tested is processed into a specified size. The reciprocating table 503 can reciprocate relative to the base 502, and then the reciprocating table 503 can drive the sample table 504 to reciprocate, and then drive the sample 501 to be tested on the sample table 504 to reciprocate.

[0086] Optionally, the reciprocating stage 503 includes a motor and a slider crank mechanism, and the output end of the slider crank mechanism is installed with the sample stage 504. The motor can drive the slider crank mechanism to move, so that the slider crank mechanism drives the sample stage 504 to achieve reciprocating motions of different frequencies and different strokes.

[0087] Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the crank-connecting rod mechanism can also be replaced by a four-bar linkage or other mechanisms capable of achieving reciprocating motion. It is worth noting that the driving connecting rod mechanism and the four-bar linkage are prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0088] When the friction and wear tester 1 is working, the upper friction device 40 slowly descends to make the ball sample 401 contact with the sample to be tested 501, and a certain load is applied to the sample to be tested 501. Then, the ball sample 401 remains stationary, and the reciprocating table 503 drives the sample table 504 and the sample to be tested 501 thereon to reciprocate, so that friction occurs between the sample to be tested 501 and the ball sample 401. At the same time, the friction detection member 404 in the upper friction device 40 records the normal force and lateral force data in real time, thereby completing the reciprocating friction and wear test of the sample to be tested 501.

[0089] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the environmental control device 60 includes an environmental control component 601, a humidity detection component 602 and a humidity display 603. The environmental control component 601 is arranged in the atmosphere chamber 30 to adjust the environmental atmosphere in the atmosphere chamber 30. The humidity detection component 602 is arranged in the atmosphere chamber 30 to detect the humidity information in the atmosphere chamber 30. The humidity display 603 is located on the outside of the atmosphere chamber 30 and is electrically connected to the humidity detection component 602 to display the humidity information.

[0090] The environmental control component 601 is a component for adjusting the environmental atmosphere of the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber 30. The environmental control component 601 is arranged on the outside of the atmosphere chamber 30, and the environmental control component 601 is connected to the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber 30. The environmental control component 601 can evacuate the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber 30 or introduce specific gas to make the atmosphere chamber 30 a vacuum environment or a specific gas environment, which is convenient for the friction and wear test of the sample 501 to be tested.

[0091] Moreover, the humidity detection member 602 is located in the atmosphere chamber 30, the humidity display 603 is located outside the atmosphere chamber 30, and the humidity detection member 602 is connected to the humidity display 603. In this way, the humidity detection member 602 can detect the humidity information in the atmosphere chamber 30, and limit the humidity information in the atmosphere chamber 30 in real time through the humidity display 603. When the humidity in the atmosphere chamber 30 reaches the target humidity, the low temperature control device 10 performs the cooling operation.

[0092] Optionally, the humidity detection element 602 is a humidity sensor. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the humidity detection element 602 can also be other components capable of detecting the humidity in the atmosphere chamber 30.

[0093] Optionally, the environment control member 601 is a vacuum pump, which is connected to the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber 30. The vacuum pump can perform a vacuum operation on the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber 30. In this way, the upper friction device 40 and the lower friction device 50 can perform a friction and wear test in a vacuum environment.

[0094] Optionally, the environmental control component 601 is a gas cylinder, which is connected to the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber 30. The gas cylinder stores a specific gas to deliver the specific gas to the atmosphere chamber 30 so that the atmosphere chamber 30 presents a specific atmosphere. In this way, the upper friction device 40 and the lower friction device 50 can perform friction and wear tests in a specific atmosphere. Optionally, the environmental control component 601 includes but is not limited to an oxygen cylinder, a nitrogen cylinder, a helium screen, an argon cylinder, and the like.

[0095] In one embodiment, the environmental control device 60 also includes an air pipe 604, a first seal 605 and a second seal 606. The air pipe 604 connects the environmental control component 601 and the atmosphere chamber 30. The first seal 605 is arranged between the air pipe 604 and the atmosphere chamber 30. The second seal 606 is arranged at the connection between the humidity detection component 602 and the atmosphere chamber 30.

[0096] The environment control component 601 can evacuate the atmosphere chamber 30 through the gas pipe 604, or deliver a specific gas to the atmosphere chamber 30, so that the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber 30 presents a specific environment to meet the friction and wear test requirements of the sample 501 to be tested. In addition, the first sealing component 605 can make the gas pipe 604 and the atmosphere chamber 30 sealed, and the second sealing component 606 can make the humidity detection component 602 and the atmosphere chamber 30 sealed.

[0097] In this embodiment, the first seal 605 and the second seal 606 are flanges, which are customized stainless steel knife-edge flanges, which can ensure that the atmosphere chamber 30 is kept in an unchanged internal environment, and various wires and pipes pass through the atmosphere chamber 30. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the first seal 605 and the second seal 606 can also be other components that realize the sealed connection between other components and the atmosphere chamber 30.

[0098] Before the test of the friction and wear tester 1 of the present application, the atmosphere chamber 30 is evacuated or a specific gas is introduced through the environment control component 601 to make the atmosphere chamber 30 present a specific environment. Then, the humidity detection component 602 detects the humidity value in the atmosphere chamber 30 and displays the humidity value through the humidity display 603.

[0099] When the humidity detection element 602 detects that the humidity value in the atmosphere chamber 30 drops to the target humidity, the low temperature control device 10 performs a cooling operation on the lower friction device 50. When the temperature of the sample stage 504 and the surrounding environment reaches the target temperature, the upper friction device 40 and the lower friction device 50 perform a friction and wear test.

[0100] See also Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one embodiment, the low temperature control device 10 includes a temperature regulating structure 100 and a refrigerant circulation structure 200. The temperature regulating structure 100 includes a heat preservation component 110, a cooling component 120 and a flexible heat conductive component 130. The heat preservation component 110 is at least partially surrounded by the outer side of the lower friction device 50, the cooling component 120 is arranged in the heat preservation component 110, and the flexible heat conductive component 130 flexibly connects the cooling component 120 and the sample stage 504 of the lower friction device 50 to transfer the cold of the cooling component 120 to the sample stage 504.

[0101] The refrigerant circulation structure 200 includes a first storage tank 210, a second storage tank 220 and a piping assembly 230, the piping assembly 230 includes the first storage tank 210, the second storage tank 220 and a cooling component 120, one of the first storage tank 210 and the second storage tank 220 can transport the refrigerant to the cooling component 120 through the piping assembly 230, and the other can recover the refrigerant through the piping assembly 230, and the piping assembly 230 can reflux the refrigerant in the first storage tank 210 and the second storage tank 220. Figure 4 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the refrigerant circulation structure 200 in the friction and wear testing machine 1 is shown.

[0102] The temperature adjustment structure 100 partially covers the sample stage 504 and the reciprocating stage 503, and the ball sample 401 also extends into the temperature adjustment structure 100. The refrigerant circulation structure 200 can circulate and transport the refrigerant. The refrigerant circulation structure 200 can transport the refrigerant to the temperature adjustment structure 100. After the temperature adjustment structure 100 absorbs the cold, it can provide a low-temperature environment, so that the sample stage 504, the sample to be tested 501 and the ball sample 401 are in a low-temperature environment, and then the friction and wear test of the sample to be tested 501 and the ball sample 401 is carried out in a low-temperature environment.

[0103] Specifically, the temperature adjustment structure 100 includes a heat preservation component 110, a cooling component 120, and a flexible heat conductive component 130. The heat preservation component 110 is located in the atmosphere chamber 30 and is arranged on the base 502 of the lower friction device 50. The heat preservation component 110 is also arranged around the reciprocating table 503, the sample table 504, the sample to be tested 501, and the ball sample 401. In this way, the heat preservation component 110 and the base 502 can be arranged to form a low-temperature cavity, and the reciprocating table 503, the sample table 504, the sample to be tested 501, and the ball sample 401 are located in the low-temperature cavity.

[0104] The cooling component 120 is disposed on the inner wall of the heat preservation component 110, and the cooling component 120 is connected to the refrigerant circulation structure 200. The refrigerant circulation structure 200 can transport the refrigerant to the cooling component 120, and after the refrigerant conducts the cold energy to the cooling component 120, the cooling component 120 can transport the cold energy to the low-temperature cavity, so that the reciprocating stage 503, the sample stage 504, the sample to be tested 501 and the ball sample 401 in the low-temperature cavity are in a low-temperature environment.

[0105] Optionally, the cooling component 120 is an annular refrigeration cavity. After the refrigerant fills the cooling component 120, the cooling component 120 can transfer the cold of the refrigerant. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the cooling component 120 can also be a cooling coil or the like surrounding the sample stage 504. Optionally, the cooling component 120 is made of metal material, including but not limited to copper material.

[0106] At the same time, the flexible heat-conducting component 130 flexibly connects the cooling component 120 and the sample stage 504. In this way, the flexible heat-conducting component 130 can accurately and efficiently transfer the coldness of the cooling component 120 to the sample stage 504, so that the sample stage 504 and the sample to be tested 501 maintain a low temperature environment. At the same time, when the reciprocating stage 503 drives the sample stage 504 to reciprocate, the flexible heat-conducting component 130 can be deformed to adapt to the position of the sample stage 504, avoiding the flexible heat-conducting component 130 from breaking, and at the same time, the reciprocating motion of the sample stage 504 will not be hindered.

[0107] After the refrigerant circulation structure 200 delivers the refrigerant to the cooling component 120, the refrigerant can also flow back from the cooling component 120 to the refrigerant circulation structure 200, thereby realizing the recycling of the refrigerant, avoiding the discharge of the refrigerant after use, and improving the utilization rate of the refrigerant. Specifically, the refrigerant circulation structure 200 includes a first storage tank 210, a second storage tank 220, and a pipe assembly 230, and the pipe assembly 230 can connect the cooling component 120, the first storage tank 210, and the second storage tank 220.

[0108] The first storage tank 210 is used as a storage tank, and the second storage tank 220 is used as a recovery tank. The refrigerant flows out of the first storage tank 210 through the pipe assembly 230 and enters the cooling component 120, so that the cooling component 120 cools the low-temperature cavity and the sample stage 504. Then, the refrigerant flows out of the cooling component 120 and returns to the second storage tank 220 through the pipe assembly 230.

[0109] Subsequently, the first storage tank 210 is used as a recovery tank, and the second storage tank 220 is used as a storage tank, and the refrigerant flows out of the second storage tank 220 through the pipe assembly 230 and enters the cooling component 120, so that the cooling component 120 cools the low-temperature cavity and the sample stage 504. Then, the refrigerant flows out of the cooling component 120 and returns to the first storage tank 210 through the pipe assembly 230.

[0110] In this way, one of the first storage tank 210 and the second storage tank 220 is used as a storage tank, and the other is used as a recovery tank to transport the refrigerant. After the storage tank transports a predetermined amount of refrigerant, the storage tank and the recovery tank are exchanged, and this cycle is repeated to achieve the circulation of the refrigerant and improve the utilization rate of the refrigerant. The present application realizes the circulation of the refrigerant by cooperating with the first storage tank 210, the second storage tank 220 and the pipeline assembly 230, and realizes the recycling of the refrigerant between the first storage tank 210-cooling component 120-second storage tank 220.

[0111] The low temperature control device 10 of the above embodiment transfers the coldness of the cooling component 120 to the sample stage 504 through the flexible heat conductive component 130, so that the ambient temperature in the heat preservation component 110 and the sample stage 504 are cooled at the same time, so that the coldness is accurately and efficiently transferred. In this way, the sample 501 to be tested on the sample stage 504 can be subjected to friction and wear tests in a low temperature environment, and accurate control of the low temperature environment is achieved. At the same time, the refrigerant can circulate between the first storage tank 210, the cooling component 120, and the second storage tank 220 through the pipeline component 230, reducing the waste of refrigerant, improving the utilization rate of the refrigerant, and reducing the test cost.

[0112] See also Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5In one embodiment, the flexible thermally conductive component 130 includes a first thermally conductive block 131, a second thermally conductive block 132 and a thermally conductive braided tape 133. The first thermally conductive block 131 is disposed on the cooling component 120, the second thermally conductive block 132 is disposed on the sample stage 504, and the thermally conductive braided tape 133 connects the first thermally conductive block 131 and the second thermally conductive block 132. Figure 5 for Figure 1 The shown is a partial enlarged view of the friction and wear testing machine 1 at position C.

[0113] The first heat-conducting block 131 is fixed to the inner wall of the cooling component 120, the second heat-conducting block 132 is fixed to the sample stage 504, one end of the heat-conducting braided belt 133 is connected to the first heat-conducting block 131, and the other end is connected to the second heat-conducting block 132. The first heat-conducting block 131, the second heat-conducting block 132 and the heat-conducting braided belt 133 are all made of heat-conducting materials, which facilitates the transfer of the coldness of the cooling component 120 to the sample stage 504.

[0114] After the refrigerant is delivered to the cooling component 120, the cooling component 120 can dissipate the cold into the low-temperature cavity. At the same time, the cooling component 120 can also transfer the cold to the first heat-conducting block 131, and transfer it to the second heat-conducting block 132 through the heat-conducting braided belt 133, thereby transferring the cold to the sample stage 504. In this way, the cold of the cooling component 120 can be accurately and efficiently transferred to the sample stage 504, so that the temperature of the sample stage 504 can reach the target temperature.

[0115] Optionally, the first heat-conducting block 131, the second heat-conducting block 132 and the heat-conducting braided belt 133 are made of oxygen-free copper material. The oxygen-free copper material has good thermal conductivity, so that the cooling component 120 filled with refrigerant can directly transfer cold energy to the sample stage 504 through the first heat-conducting block 131, the heat-conducting braided belt 133 and the second heat-conducting block 132 to cool the sample stage 504.

[0116] Optionally, the thermally conductive braided belt 133 connects the first thermally conductive block 131 and the second thermally conductive block 132 by welding, the first thermally conductive block 131 is fixed to the cooling component 120 by welding or threading, and the second thermally conductive block 132 is fixed to the sample stage 504 by welding or threading.

[0117] Optionally, the heat conductive braid 133 is a copper braid made of multiple copper wires twisted into one strand. In this way, the heat conductive braid 133 can ensure good cold transfer while providing sufficient flexibility so that the sample stage 504 will not be blocked during the reciprocating motion.

[0118] In one embodiment, the number of the flexible heat-conducting components 130 is at least two, and the at least two flexible heat-conducting components 130 are arranged at intervals around the sample stage 504. In this way, the accuracy of low-temperature control can be improved by transferring cold energy to the sample stage 504 through the at least two flexible heat-conducting components 130, and accurate transfer of cold energy can be achieved.

[0119] In this embodiment, there are two flexible heat-conducting components 130, which are located on the left and right sides of the sample stage 504 to ensure the accuracy of cooling the sample stage 504. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the number of flexible heat-conducting components 130 can be other.

[0120] See also Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 In one embodiment, the insulation component 110 includes an insulation layer 111, an installation shell 112 and a top cover 113. The insulation layer 111 is arranged around the cooling component 120, the installation shell 112 is arranged around the insulation layer 111, and the top cover 113 is arranged on the top of the cooling component 120, the insulation layer 111 and the installation shell 112.

[0121] The mounting shell 112 is the outermost layer of the heat preservation assembly 110 and plays a supporting role. The mounting shell 112 is disposed on the base 502 and surrounds the sample stage 504. The cooling component 120 is disposed in the mounting shell 112. The mounting shell 112 can support the cooling component 120, ensure the structural strength of the cooling component 120, and prevent the position of the cooling component 120 from shifting.

[0122] The heat-insulating layer 111 is disposed inside the mounting shell 112 and between the cooling component 120 and the mounting shell 112. The mounting shell 112 can support the heat-insulating layer 111. At the same time, the heat-insulating layer 111 can also insulate the cooling component 120, so that the cooling component 120 transfers the cold energy to the low-temperature cavity, and prevents the cold energy from escaping to the outside of the mounting shell 112, thereby achieving heat insulation between the cooling component 120 and the mounting shell 112 and reducing the loss of cold energy.

[0123] It can be understood that the mounting shell 112, the heat-insulating layer 111, and the cooling component 120 are arranged in an annular manner. To prevent the cold from being lost at the top, a top cover 113 is usually provided above the mounting shell 112. A low-temperature cavity is formed between the top cover 113 and the cooling component 120 to achieve thermal insulation between the low-temperature cavity and the atmosphere chamber 30. Moreover, the top cover 113 has an opening through which the clamping member 402 and the ball sample 401 pass, so that the ball sample 401 can abut against the sample to be tested 501, so that the ball sample 401 can participate in the friction process.

[0124] Optionally, the mounting shell 112 is made of stainless steel. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the mounting shell 112 may also be made of other materials with high structural strength. Optionally, the thermal insulation layer 111 and the top cover 113 are made of heat-insulating materials. Optionally, the thermal insulation layer 111 and the top cover 113 are made of polytetrafluoroethylene. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the thermal insulation layer 111 and the top cover 113 may also be made of other materials that can achieve heat insulation.

[0125] See also Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 In one embodiment, the temperature regulating structure 100 also includes a temperature regulating component 140, the temperature regulating component 140 includes a temperature controller 141, a temperature detecting element and a heating element, the temperature detecting element is arranged in the heat preservation component 110 and / or the sample stage 504, the heating element is arranged in the heat preservation component 110 and / or the sample stage 504, and the temperature controller 141 electrically connects the heat preservation component 110 and the sample stage 504.

[0126] It is understandable that the sample 501 to be tested needs to undergo friction and wear testing in a low-temperature environment. The temperature regulating component 140 can control the temperature of the low-temperature chamber and the sample stage 504 at the same time to make the surface temperature of the sample 501 to be tested as close to the target temperature as possible, thereby facilitating friction and wear testing of the sample 501 to be tested in a low-temperature environment.

[0127] The temperature controller 141 is located outside the atmosphere chamber 30. It can extend into the atmosphere chamber 30 and be connected to the temperature detection element and the heating element. The temperature controller 141 can record the temperature data detected by the temperature detection element in real time, and control whether the heating element is working according to the temperature data, thereby realizing temperature detection and temperature control of the low-temperature cavity.

[0128] In this embodiment, the temperature detection element includes a first temperature detection element 142 and a second temperature detection element 143. The first temperature detection element 142 is disposed on the sample stage 504 to detect the temperature of the sample stage 504. The second temperature detection element 143 is disposed on the top cover 113 to detect the temperature of the low-temperature cavity. Correspondingly, the heating element includes a first heating element 144 and a second heating element 145. The first heating element 144 is disposed on the sample stage 504 to heat the sample stage 504. The second heating element 145 is disposed on the top cover 113 to heat the low-temperature cavity.

[0129] After the refrigerant circulation structure 200 transports the refrigerant to the cooling component 120, the cooling component 120 can cool the low-temperature cavity and the sample stage 504, and reduce the temperature of the low-temperature cavity and the sample stage 504 to below the target temperature. Subsequently, the temperature of the low-temperature cavity and the sample stage 504 is controlled by the first heating element 144 and the second heating element 145, so that the temperature of the low-temperature cavity and the sample stage 504 is stabilized at the target temperature.

[0130] When working in this way, the temperature detected by the first temperature detecting member 142 and the second temperature detecting member 143 can be displayed by the temperature controller 141. When the actual temperature detected by the first temperature detecting member 142 and the second temperature detecting member 143 reaches the target temperature, the upper friction device 40 and the lower friction device 50 perform a friction and wear test.

[0131] If the actual temperature detected by the first temperature detection member 142 and the second temperature detection member 143 is lower than the target temperature, the temperature controller 141 controls the first heating member 144 and the second heating member 145 to heat until the actual temperature reaches the target temperature. If the actual temperature detected by the first temperature detection member 142 and the second temperature detection member 143 is greater than or equal to the target temperature, the first heating member 144 and the second heating member 145 do not work.

[0132] It is understandable that the temperature controller 141 is connected to the atmosphere chamber 30 via a flange to facilitate the routing of the electrical connection wires and ensure the sealing of the connection. It is worth noting that in this application, when the two parts are connected inside and outside the atmosphere chamber 30, the sealing is ensured by a flange seal, which will not be repeated in the following text.

[0133] When the humidity of the atmosphere chamber 30 reaches the target humidity, the low temperature control device 10 is controlled to perform a cooling operation. The temperature controller 141 is turned on, and the temperature controller 141 can limit the temperature of the low temperature cavity in real time. Then, the refrigerant circulation structure 200 is controlled to pass the refrigerant into the cooling component 120, and the temperature displayed by the temperature controller 141 decreases. During the test, the flow rate of the refrigerant remains unchanged, that is, the cooling power remains unchanged.

[0134] The temperature controller 141 is used to control the power and start and stop of the first heating element 144 and the second heating element 145 to achieve temperature control. The cooling component 120 can continuously cool down the low-temperature cavity and the sample stage 504. When the actual temperature detected by the first temperature detection element 142 and the second temperature detection element 143 is lower than the target temperature, the temperature controller 141 controls the first heating element 144 and the second heating element 145 to heat until the actual temperature reaches the target temperature, and the friction test is started.

[0135] In this embodiment, the temperature adjustment component 140 includes a temperature controller 141, which is connected to the first temperature detection component 142, the second temperature detection component 143, the first heating component 144 and the second heating component 145. The temperature controller 141 controls the operation of the first temperature detection component 142, the second temperature detection component 143, the first heating component 144 and the second heating component 145 to adjust the temperature of the low-temperature chamber and the sample stage 504.

[0136] Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the temperature adjustment component 140 includes two temperature controllers 141, one temperature controller 141 is connected to the first temperature detection component 142 and the first heating component 144, and the other temperature controller 141 is connected to the second temperature detection component 143 and the second heating component 145.

[0137] In one embodiment, the first temperature detection member 142 and the first heating member 144 may be fixed above the sample stage 504, or may be fixed to the side or inside of the sample stage 504. Optionally, the first temperature detection member 142 and the second temperature detection member 143 include but are not limited to thermocouple thermometers, or other components capable of temperature detection, and optionally, the first heating member 144 and the second heating member 145 include but are not limited to resistance wire heaters, or other components capable of heating.

[0138] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the pipeline assembly 230 includes a first connecting pipeline 231, a second connecting pipeline 232, a reflux component, a first control valve 233, a second control valve 234, and a third control valve 237. The first connecting pipeline 231 connects the first storage tank 210 and the cooling component 120, and the second connecting pipeline 232 connects the second storage tank 220 and the cooling component 120. The first control valve 233 is disposed in the first connecting pipeline 231, and the second control valve 234 is disposed in the second connecting pipeline 232.

[0139] One end of the first connecting pipe 231 away from the first control valve 233 is connected to the cooling component 120. One end of the second connecting pipe 232 away from the second control valve 234 is connected to the cooling component 120. The first storage tank 210 transports the refrigerant to the second storage tank 220 through the first connecting pipe 231 via the cooling component 120 and the second connecting pipe 232. The reflux component is connected to the first connecting pipe 231 and the second connecting pipe 232. The second storage tank 220 transports the refrigerant to the first storage tank 210 via the cooling component 120.

[0140] One end of the first connecting pipeline 231 is connected to the first storage tank 210, and the other end of the first connecting pipeline 231 is connected to the cooling component 120. One end of the second connecting pipeline 232 is connected to the second storage tank 220, and the other end of the second connecting pipeline 232 is connected to the cooling component 120. The first control valve 233 is provided on the first connecting pipeline 231 to control the on-off of the first connecting pipeline 231, and the second control valve 234 is provided on the second connecting pipeline 232 to control the on-off of the second connecting pipeline 232.

[0141] When the refrigerant is transported to the cooling component 120, the first control valve 233 and the second control valve 234 are opened, and the refrigerant flows out of the first storage tank 210 and enters the first connecting pipe 231, and then enters the cooling component 120 through the first connecting pipe 231. The refrigerant flows in the cooling component 120 and enters the second connecting pipe 232, and then the second connecting pipe 232 returns to the second storage tank 220, that is, the refrigerant is transported from the first storage tank 210 to the second storage tank 220 through the cooling component 120.

[0142] In order to realize the recycling of refrigerant, the present application further provides a reflux component, which connects the first connecting pipeline 231 and the second connecting pipeline 232. That is, after the refrigerant is transported from the first storage tank 210 to the second storage tank 220 via the cooling component 120, the refrigerant can flow from the second storage tank 220 to the first storage tank 210 via the cooling component 120, thereby realizing the circulation of the refrigerant between the first storage tank 210-cooling component 120-second storage tank 220.

[0143] Specifically, when the refrigerant flows from the second storage tank 220 to the first storage tank 210, the first control valve 233 and the second control valve 234 are closed, and the refrigerant in the second storage tank 220 can enter the second connecting pipe 232, enter the reflux component through the second connecting pipe 232, enter the cooling component 120 through the reflux component, and then return to the first storage tank 210 through the cooling component 120, the second connecting pipe 232, and the first connecting pipe 231.

[0144] When the refrigerant in the second storage tank 220 is transported, the second storage tank 220 stops transporting the refrigerant. Subsequently, the first control valve 233 and the second control valve 234 are opened, and the first storage tank 210 transports the refrigerant to the cooling component 120, and recovers it through the second storage tank 220. After the refrigerant in the first storage tank 210 is transported, the first control valve 233 and the second control valve 234 are closed, and the second storage tank 220 transports the refrigerant to the cooling component 120, and recovers it through the first storage tank 210. This reciprocating process realizes the circulation and transport of the refrigerant.

[0145] Thus, during use, after the first storage tank 210 delivers refrigerant to the second storage tank 220, the first storage tank 210 changes from a storage tank to a recovery tank, and the second storage tank 220 changes from a recovery tank to a storage tank, and then can deliver refrigeration in the reverse direction, thereby realizing the recycling of refrigerant between the storage tank-cooling component 120-recovery tank. At the same time, when the return line delivers refrigerant, it can also cool the surrounding environment.

[0146] This application only takes the example that the first storage tank 210 is a storage tank and the second storage tank 220 is a recovery tank when the friction and wear tester 1 just starts working as an example for explanation. Of course, in other embodiments of the application, when the friction and wear tester 1 just starts working, the first storage tank 210 can also be a recovery tank and the second storage tank 220 can be a recovery tank. The principle is essentially the same and will not be repeated in the following text.

[0147] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the reflux component includes a third connecting pipeline 235, a fourth connecting pipeline 236, a third control valve 237 and a fourth control valve 238. The third connecting pipeline 235 is connected to the first connecting pipeline 231 and the second connecting pipeline 232, and is located at the output end of the first storage tank 210 and the output end of the second control valve 234. The fourth connecting pipeline 236 is connected to the first connecting pipeline 231 and the second connecting pipeline 232, and is located at the output end of the first control valve 233 and the output end of the second storage tank 220. The third control valve 237 is disposed in the third connecting pipeline 235, and the fourth control valve 238 is disposed in the fourth connecting pipeline 236.

[0148] One end of the third connecting line 235 is connected to the first connecting line 231 and is located between the first storage tank 210 and the first control valve 233. The other end of the third connecting line 235 is connected to the second connecting line 232 and is located at an end of the second control valve 234 away from the second storage tank 220. One end of the fourth connecting line 236 is connected to the first connecting line 231 and is located at an end of the first control valve 233 away from the first storage tank 210.

[0149] The other end of the fourth connecting line 236 is connected to the second connecting line 232 and is located between the second control valve 234 and the second storage tank 220. The third control valve 237 is provided on the third connecting line 235 and controls the opening and closing of the third connecting line 235. The fourth control valve 238 is provided on the fourth connecting line 236.

[0150] When the first storage tank 210 delivers the refrigerant, the third control valve 237 and the fourth control valve 238 are closed, and the first control valve 233 and the second control valve 234 are opened. The first storage tank 210 delivers the refrigerant to the cooling component 120 through the first connecting pipe 231, and then the refrigerant in the cooling component 120 enters the second storage tank 220 through the second connecting pipe 232. After the refrigerant in the first storage tank 210 is delivered, the first control valve 233 and the second control valve 234 are closed.

[0151] Subsequently, the third control valve 237 and the fourth control valve 238 are controlled to open, and the second storage tank 220 enters the fourth connection pipeline 236 through the second connection pipeline 232, and then enters the cooling component 120 through the first connection pipeline 231. Then, the refrigerant in the cooling component 120 enters the third connection pipeline 235 through the second connection pipeline 232, and returns to the first storage tank 210 through the first connection pipeline 231. This reciprocating process realizes the circulation and transportation of the refrigerant.

[0152] Meanwhile, the third connecting pipe 235 is connected in parallel with the fourth connecting pipe 236 and the cooling component 120 and is located outside the atmosphere chamber 30. When the refrigerant flows through the third connecting pipe 235 and the fourth connecting pipe 236, the refrigerant can cool the surrounding environment.

[0153] Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the reflux component may also be a pipeline that connects the first storage tank 210 and the second storage tank 220 separately, and the reflux component also passes through the cooling component 120. After the refrigerant is transported from the first storage tank 210 to the second storage tank 220 via the cooling component 120, the refrigerant in the second storage tank 220 enters the cooling component 120 via the reflux component, and then enters the first storage tank 210 via the reflux component, thereby realizing the circulation of the refrigerant between the first storage tank 210-cooling component 120-second storage tank 220.

[0154] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the pipeline assembly 230 also includes a plurality of pipeline safety valves 239, which are respectively arranged in the first connecting pipeline 231, the second connecting pipeline 232, the third connecting pipeline 235 and the fourth connecting pipeline 236 to ensure the safety of the first connecting pipeline 231, the second connecting pipeline 232, the third connecting pipeline 235 and the fourth connecting pipeline 236.

[0155] It is understandable that if the refrigerant in the first storage tank 210 and the second storage tank 220 is to be circulated, refrigerant should be present in both the first storage tank 210 and the second storage tank 220. That is, when the first storage tank 210 delivers refrigerant to the cooling component 120, a preset amount of refrigerant should be present in the second storage tank 220, so that the refrigerant in the first storage tank 210 can flow to the cooling component 120 through pressure.

[0156] Similarly, when the second storage tank 220 delivers refrigerant to the cooling component 120, the first storage tank 210 should have a second set amount of refrigerant, so that the refrigerant in the second storage tank 220 can flow to the cooling component 120 through pressure. In this way, the circulation of the refrigerant can be achieved. It is worth noting that the preset amount and the second set amount will be mentioned later.

[0157] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the first storage tank 210 includes a first tank body 211, a first inlet and outlet valve 212 and a first liquid level gauge 213 disposed on the first tank body 211, the first inlet and outlet valve 212 is connected to the first connecting pipeline 231, and the first liquid level gauge 213 is used to detect the remaining refrigerant amount in the first tank body 211. The second storage tank 220 includes a second tank body 221, a second inlet and outlet valve 222 and a second liquid level gauge 223 disposed on the second tank body 221, the second inlet and outlet valve 222 is connected to the second connecting pipeline 232, and the second liquid level gauge 223 is used to detect the remaining refrigerant amount in the second tank body 221.

[0158] The first tank body 211 is the main structure of the first storage tank 210, and low-temperature refrigerant can be stored in the first tank body 211. The first inlet and outlet valve 212 is provided in the first tank body 211 and is connected to the first connecting pipeline 231. In this way, the refrigerant in the first tank body 211 can enter the first connecting pipeline 231 through the first inlet and outlet valve 212, and similarly, the refrigerant transported by the first connecting pipeline 231 can also enter the first tank body 211 through the first inlet and outlet valve 212.

[0159] The second tank body 221 is the main structure of the second storage tank 220, and low-temperature refrigerant can be stored in the second tank body 221. The second inlet and outlet valve 222 is disposed on the second tank body 221 and is connected to the second connecting pipeline 232. In this way, the refrigerant in the second tank body 221 can enter the second connecting pipeline 232 through the second inlet and outlet valve 222, and similarly, the refrigerant transported by the second connecting pipeline 232 can also enter the second tank body 221 through the second inlet and outlet valve 222.

[0160] In addition, a first liquid level gauge 213 is provided on the first tank body 211 , and a second liquid level gauge 223 is provided on the second tank body 221 . The first liquid level gauge 213 can display the amount of refrigerant remaining in the first tank body 211 , and the second liquid level gauge 223 can display the amount of refrigerant remaining in the second tank body 221 .

[0161] In this way, the first liquid level gauge 213 can ensure that a sufficient amount of refrigerant remains in the first tank body 211, so that the refrigerant flows in the direction of the second storage tank 220 → cooling component 120 → first storage tank 210. The second liquid level gauge 223 can ensure that a sufficient amount of refrigerant remains in the second tank body 221, so that the refrigerant flows in the direction of the first storage tank 210 → cooling component 120 → second storage tank 220.

[0162] See also Figure 4In one embodiment, the first storage tank 210 further includes a first pressure boosting valve 214, which is disposed on the first tank body 211 and is used to pressurize the refrigerant. The second storage tank 220 further includes a second pressure boosting valve 224, which is disposed on the second tank body 221 and is used to pressurize the refrigerant.

[0163] The first boost valve 214 is disposed on the first tank body 211 and communicated with the first tank body 211. The first boost valve 214 can increase the pressure of the refrigerant in the first tank body 211, and provide power for the flow of the refrigerant, so that the refrigerant in the first storage tank 210 can enter the second storage tank 220 through the first connecting pipeline 231, the cooling component 120, and the second connecting pipeline 232, so as to realize the recovery of the refrigerant.

[0164] The second boost valve 224 is disposed on the second tank body 221 and communicated with the second tank body 221. The second boost valve 224 can increase the pressure of the refrigerant in the second tank body 221, and provide power for the flow of the refrigerant, so that the refrigerant in the second storage tank 220 can enter the first storage tank 210 through the second connecting pipeline 232, the fourth connecting pipeline 236, the first connecting pipeline 231, the cooling component 120, the second connecting pipeline 232, the third connecting pipeline 235, and the first connecting pipeline 231.

[0165] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the first storage tank 210 further includes a first pressure gauge 215, which is disposed on the first tank body 211 and is used to display the pressure of the first tank body 211. The second storage tank 220 further includes a second pressure gauge 225, which is disposed on the second tank body 221 and is used to display the pressure of the second tank body 221.

[0166] The first pressure gauge 215 can display the pressure of the first tank 211, so that the pressure of the first tank 211 is within a suitable range, which is convenient for the transportation of the refrigerant, and at the same time, the first tank 211 is prevented from being over-compressed and bursting. The second pressure gauge 225 can display the pressure of the second tank 221, so that the pressure of the second tank 221 is within a suitable range, which is convenient for the transportation of the refrigerant, and at the same time, the second tank 221 is prevented from being over-compressed and bursting.

[0167] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the first storage tank 210 also includes a first drain valve 216, which is disposed on the first tank body 211 and is used to relieve the pressure of the first tank body 211. The second storage tank 220 includes a second drain valve 226, which is disposed on the second tank body 221 and is used to relieve the pressure of the second tank body 221.

[0168] The first vent valve 216 can realize the pressure relief of the first tank body 211, and the second vent valve 226 can realize the pressure relief of the second tank body 221. When the first storage tank 210 conveys the refrigerant to the second storage tank 220 via the cooling component 120, the second vent valve 226 relieves the pressure of the second tank body 221 to discharge the pressure of the second tank body 221, so that the refrigerant can be conveyed from high pressure to low pressure. Similarly, when the second storage tank 220 conveys the refrigerant to the first storage tank 210 via the cooling component 120, the first vent valve 216 relieves the pressure of the first tank body 211 to discharge the pressure of the first tank body 211, so that the refrigerant can be conveyed from high pressure to low pressure.

[0169] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the first storage tank 210 further includes a first safety valve 217, which is disposed on the first tank body 211, and the second storage tank 220 further includes a second safety valve 227, which is disposed on the second tank body 221. The first safety valve 217 and the second safety valve 227 improve the safety of the first storage tank 210 and the second storage tank 220.

[0170] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the first storage tank 210 further includes a first filling valve 218, which is connected to the first tank body 211, and the second storage tank 220 further includes a second filling valve 228, which is connected to the second tank body 221. In this way, the refrigerant can be injected into the first tank body 211 and the second tank body 221 through the first filling valve 218 and the second filling valve 228.

[0171] See also Figure 1 , Figures 5 to 8 , Figure 6 This is the working flow chart of the friction and wear testing machine 1 of this application, Figure 7 This is a flow chart of temperature regulation in the low temperature control method of this application. Figure 8 The present invention is a flow chart of the circulation of refrigerant in the low temperature control method of the present application.

[0172] Before the friction and wear test, the ball sample 401 is fixed to the clamp 402, the clamp 402 is fixed to the cantilever beam 403, and the sample 501 to be tested is fixed to the sample stage 504. Then, the environment in the atmosphere chamber 30 is adjusted, and the atmosphere chamber 30 is evacuated or a specific gas is introduced to create an atmosphere. Then, the humidity in the atmosphere chamber 30 is detected by the humidity detection element 602. When the humidity value drops to the target humidity, the refrigerant circulation structure 200 and the temperature adjustment structure 100 perform a cooling operation.

[0173] When cooling, the temperature controller 141 is turned on to display the temperatures of the first temperature detection member 142 and the second temperature detection member 143 in real time. Then, the first control valve 233 and the second control valve 234 are opened, and the first storage tank 210 passes the refrigerant to the cooling component 120 through the first control valve 233. At this time, the temperature value displayed on the temperature controller 141 decreases. During the test, the flow rate of the refrigerant remains unchanged, that is, the cooling power remains unchanged.

[0174] The temperature controller 141 is used to control the power and start and stop of the first heating element 144 and the second heating element 145 to achieve temperature control. When the actual temperature detected by the first temperature detection element 142 and the second temperature detection element 143 is lower than the target temperature, the temperature controller 141 controls the first heating element 144 and the second heating element 145 to heat until the actual temperature reaches the target temperature, and the friction test is started.

[0175] During the friction and wear test, the reciprocating table 503 drives the sample table 504 and the sample to be tested 501 to move back and forth, realizing the friction between the sample to be tested 501 and the ball sample 401. When the sample to be tested 501 rubs against the ball sample 401, the positive pressure and friction between the two cause the cantilever beam 403 to deform, and then the friction detection member 404 can convert this deformation into a force signal and record it.

[0176] See also Figure 5 and Figure 8 Before the friction and wear tester 1 of the present application performs the friction and wear test, the amount of refrigerant in the first tank 211 is observed by the first liquid level gauge 213, and the amount of refrigerant in the second tank 221 is observed by the second liquid level gauge 223. A first set amount (such as about 90% of the volume of the first tank 211) of refrigerant is injected into the first tank 211, and a preset amount (such as about 1 / 3 of the volume of the second tank 221) of refrigerant is injected into the second tank 221 to maintain the low temperature of the first tank 211 and the second tank 221, thereby reducing the loss of refrigerant vaporization.

[0177] At the beginning of the experiment, the first inlet and outlet liquid valve 212 and the second inlet and outlet liquid valve 222 are opened, and the first control valve 233, the second control valve 234, and the second vent valve 226 are opened in sequence, and the third control valve 237 and the fourth control valve 238 are closed to ensure that the recovery pipeline between the first storage tank 210 and the second storage tank 220 is unblocked. The first booster valve 214 is opened to pressurize the refrigerant in the first tank body 211, so that the refrigerant enters the cooling component 120 from the first tank body 211 through the first inlet and outlet liquid valve 212, the first connecting pipeline 231, and the first control valve 233, and cools the cooling component 120 and the low-temperature cavity. Then, the refrigerant enters the second tank body 221 through the second connecting pipeline 232, the second control valve 234, and the second inlet and outlet liquid valve 222, and the second vent valve 226 discharges the pressure in the second tank body 221 to achieve the recovery of the refrigerant.

[0178] The amount of refrigerant remaining in the first tank 211 is observed by the first liquid level gauge 213. When the amount of refrigerant in the first tank 211 drops to the second set amount (such as about 1 / 3 of the volume of the first tank 211), the first boost valve 214 is closed, the first control valve 233, the second control valve 234 and the second vent valve 226 are closed in sequence, and the fourth control valve 238, the third control valve 237 and the first vent valve 216 are opened in sequence. Subsequently, the second boost valve 224 is opened to pressurize the refrigerant in the second tank 221, so that the refrigerant enters the cooling component 120 from the second tank 221 through the second inlet and outlet valve 222 and the fourth control valve 238, cools the cooling component 120 and the low-temperature cavity, and then enters the first tank 211 through the third control valve 237 and the first inlet and outlet valve 212, and the first vent valve 216 discharges the pressure in the first tank 211, thereby realizing the recycling of the refrigerant.

[0179] Then observe the second tank body 221 through the second liquid level gauge 223. When the amount of refrigerant in the second tank body 221 drops to the preset amount, repeat the above process to allow the refrigerant to flow from the first storage tank 210 through the cooling component 120 and into the second storage tank 220 through the first control valve 233 and the second control valve 234, thereby achieving continuous circulation of the refrigerant in the pipeline, maintaining the low temperature near the cooling component 120, and realizing the recycling of the refrigerant, thereby reducing the test cost.

[0180] After the friction test is finished, all previously opened valves are closed, the first vent valve 216 is opened to discharge the pressure in the first tank 211, and the second vent valve 226 is opened to discharge the pressure in the second tank 221. After the first pressure gauge 215 and the second pressure gauge 225 show no pressure, the first vent valve 216 and the second vent valve 226 are closed. At the same time, the power supply of the friction and wear tester 1 is turned off. With regard to the first control valve 233, after the temperature in the low-temperature chamber rises to room temperature, the second control valve 234, the temperature controller 141 and the humidity display 603 are closed.

[0181] The low temperature control device 10 of the present application cools the low temperature cavity by the cooling component 120, and cools the sample stage 504 by the flexible heat conductive component 130, so that the temperature of the low temperature cavity and the sample stage 504 are controlled at the same time, so that the surface temperature of the sample 501 to be tested is as close to the target temperature as possible, and the temperature of the sample 501 to be tested is precisely controlled, which is convenient for the friction and wear test of the sample 501 to be tested in a low temperature environment. At the same time, the cooling component 120 is made of heat conductive material to ensure the efficient transfer of the cold amount of the refrigerant, and the sample stage 504 is cooled by the flexible heat conductive component 130. Combined with the cooperation of the temperature controller 141 with the first heating element 144 and the second heating element 145, the precise control of the ambient temperature is achieved.

[0182] Moreover, the refrigerant can circulate between the first storage tank 210, the cooling component 120, and the second storage tank 220, which greatly improves the utilization rate of the refrigerant and reduces the cost of the refrigerant. Compared with the traditional low-temperature friction and wear tester, the friction and wear tester 1 of the present application can achieve precise control of the sample temperature, greatly improve the efficiency of refrigerant use, simplify the operation process, improve the efficiency of equipment use, and achieve precise control of the low-temperature environment and the temperature of the sample stage 504 in the inert gas atmosphere of the friction and wear tester 1 in the reciprocating motion form.

[0183] See also Figure 1 , Figures 5 to 7 The present application also provides a low temperature control method, which is applied to the low temperature control device 10 in any of the above embodiments. The low temperature control method includes the following steps:

[0184] Controlling the refrigerant circulation structure 200 to circulate and deliver refrigerant to the cooling component 120;

[0185] The cooling component 120 absorbs the coldness of the refrigerant, thereby lowering the temperature inside the heat preservation component 110;

[0186] Continuously obtain the actual temperature of the heat preservation component 110, and if the actual temperature is lower than the target temperature, control the heating element to heat the heat preservation component 110 until the actual temperature in the heat preservation component 110 reaches the target temperature;

[0187] When the temperature in the heat preservation assembly 110 reaches the target temperature, the friction device 50 is controlled to perform a friction test.

[0188] When cooling the low-temperature chamber, the refrigerant circulation structure 200 and the temperature adjustment structure 100 perform a cooling operation. The temperature controller 141 is turned on, and the temperatures of the first temperature detection member 142 and the second temperature detection member 143 are displayed in real time. Then, the first control valve 233 and the second control valve 234 are opened, and the first storage tank 210 passes the refrigerant to the cooling component 120 through the first control valve 233. At this time, the temperature value displayed on the temperature controller 141 decreases. During the test, the flow rate of the refrigerant remains unchanged, that is, the refrigeration power remains unchanged.

[0189] The temperature controller 141 is used to control the power and start and stop of the first heating element 144 and the second heating element 145 to achieve temperature control. When the actual temperature detected by the first temperature detection element 142 and the second temperature detection element 143 is lower than the target temperature, the temperature controller 141 controls the first heating element 144 and the second heating element 145 to heat until the actual temperature reaches the target temperature, and the friction test is started.

[0190] See also Figure 5 and Figure 8In one embodiment, controlling the refrigerant circulation structure 200 to circulate the refrigerant to the cooling component 120 includes the following steps:

[0191] A first set amount of refrigerant is injected into the first storage tank 210, and a preset amount of refrigerant is injected into the second storage tank 220;

[0192] Control the first storage tank 210 to deliver the refrigerant to the cooling component 120 through the first connecting pipeline 231, and return the refrigerant to the second storage tank 220 through the second connecting pipeline 232;

[0193] When the amount of refrigerant remaining in the first storage tank 210 reaches a second set amount, the first storage tank 210 is controlled to stop delivering the refrigerant;

[0194] Control the second storage tank 220 to deliver the refrigerant to the cooling component 120 through the second connecting pipeline 232 and the fourth connecting pipeline 236, and return the refrigerant to the first storage tank 210 through the third connecting pipeline 235 and the first connecting pipeline 231;

[0195] When the amount of refrigerant remaining in the second storage tank 220 reaches a preset amount, the second storage tank 220 is controlled to stop delivering the refrigerant;

[0196] Repeat steps 2 to 5 until the test is completed.

[0197] See also Figure 5 and Figure 8 Before the friction and wear tester 1 of the present application performs the friction and wear test, the amount of refrigerant in the first tank 211 is observed by the first liquid level gauge 213, and the amount of refrigerant in the second tank 221 is observed by the second liquid level gauge 223. A first set amount (such as about 90% of the volume of the first tank 211) of refrigerant is injected into the first tank 211, and a preset amount (such as about 1 / 3 of the volume of the second tank 221) of refrigerant is injected into the second tank 221 to maintain the low temperature of the first tank 211 and the second tank 221, thereby reducing the loss of refrigerant vaporization.

[0198] At the beginning of the experiment, the first inlet and outlet liquid valve 212 and the second inlet and outlet liquid valve 222 are opened, and the first control valve 233, the second control valve 234, and the second vent valve 226 are opened in sequence, and the third control valve 237 and the fourth control valve 238 are closed to ensure that the recovery pipeline between the first storage tank 210 and the second storage tank 220 is unblocked. The first booster valve 214 is opened to pressurize the refrigerant in the first tank body 211, so that the refrigerant enters the cooling component 120 from the first tank body 211 through the first inlet and outlet liquid valve 212, the first connecting pipeline 231, and the first control valve 233, and cools the cooling component 120 and the low-temperature cavity. Then, the refrigerant enters the second tank body 221 through the second connecting pipeline 232, the second control valve 234, and the second inlet and outlet liquid valve 222, and the second vent valve 226 discharges the pressure in the second tank body 221 to achieve the recovery of the refrigerant.

[0199] The amount of refrigerant remaining in the first tank 211 is observed by the first liquid level gauge 213. When the amount of refrigerant in the first tank 211 drops to the second set amount (such as about 1 / 3 of the volume of the first tank 211), the first boost valve 214 is closed, the first control valve 233, the second control valve 234 and the second vent valve 226 are closed in sequence, and the fourth control valve 238, the third control valve 237 and the first vent valve 216 are opened in sequence. Subsequently, the second boost valve 224 is opened to pressurize the refrigerant in the second tank 221, so that the refrigerant enters the cooling component 120 from the second tank 221 through the second inlet and outlet valve 222 and the fourth control valve 238, cools the cooling component 120 and the low-temperature cavity, and then enters the first tank 211 through the third control valve 237 and the first inlet and outlet valve 212, and the first vent valve 216 discharges the pressure in the first tank 211, thereby realizing the recycling of the refrigerant.

[0200] Then observe the second tank body 221 through the second liquid level gauge 223. When the amount of refrigerant in the second tank body 221 drops to the preset amount, repeat the above process to allow the refrigerant to flow from the first storage tank 210 through the cooling component 120 and into the second storage tank 220 through the first control valve 233 and the second control valve 234, thereby achieving continuous circulation of the refrigerant in the pipeline, maintaining the low temperature near the cooling component 120, and realizing the recycling of the refrigerant, thereby reducing the test cost.

[0201] After the friction test is completed, close all valves that were previously opened, open the first vent valve 216 to discharge the pressure in the first tank body 211, open the second vent valve 226 to discharge the pressure in the second tank body 221, and after the first pressure gauge 215 and the second pressure gauge 225 show no pressure, close the first vent valve 216 and the second vent valve 226.

[0202] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0203] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A low temperature control device, characterized in that: Used to provide cooling capacity for the lower friction device of the friction and wear testing machine, the low temperature control device comprises: A temperature regulating structure, comprising a heat preservation component, a cooling component and a flexible heat-conducting component, wherein the heat preservation component is at least partially arranged outside the lower friction device, the cooling component is arranged in the heat preservation component, and the flexible heat-conducting component flexibly connects the cooling component and the sample stage of the lower friction device to transfer the cold energy of the cooling component to the sample stage; and A refrigerant circulation structure includes a first storage tank, a second storage tank and a piping assembly, wherein the piping assembly includes the first storage tank, the second storage tank and the cooling component, one of the first storage tank and the second storage tank can transport refrigerant to the cooling component through the piping assembly, the other can recover refrigerant through the piping assembly, and the piping assembly can reflux the refrigerant in the first storage tank and the second storage tank.

2. The low temperature control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pipeline assembly includes a first connecting pipeline, a second connecting pipeline, a reflux component, a first control valve, a second control valve and a third control valve, the first connecting pipeline connects the first storage tank and the cooling component, and the second connecting pipeline connects the second storage tank and the cooling component; The first control valve is disposed in the first connecting pipeline, the second control valve is disposed in the second connecting pipeline, one end of the first connecting pipeline away from the first control valve is connected to the cooling component, and one end of the second connecting pipeline away from the second control valve is connected to the cooling component; The first storage tank transports the refrigerant to the second storage tank through the first connecting pipeline via the cooling component and the second connecting pipeline, the reflux component is connected to the first connecting pipeline and the second connecting pipeline, and the second storage tank transports the refrigerant to the first storage tank via the cooling component.

3. The low temperature control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reflux component includes a third connecting pipeline, a fourth connecting pipeline, a third control valve and a fourth control valve, wherein the third connecting pipeline is connected to the first connecting pipeline and the second connecting pipeline and is located at an output end of the first storage tank and an output end of the second control valve; The fourth connecting pipeline is connected to the first connecting pipeline and the second connecting pipeline and is located at the output end of the first control valve and the output end of the second storage tank. The third control valve is arranged in the third connecting pipeline, and the fourth control valve is arranged in the fourth connecting pipeline.

4. The low temperature control device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first storage tank comprises a first tank body, a first inlet and outlet liquid valve and a first liquid level gauge arranged on the first tank body, the first inlet and outlet liquid valve is connected to the first connecting pipeline, and the first liquid level gauge is used to detect the remaining refrigerant amount in the first tank body; The second storage tank includes a second tank body, a second inlet and outlet liquid valve and a second liquid level gauge arranged on the second tank body, the second inlet and outlet liquid valve is connected to the second connecting pipeline, and the second liquid level gauge is used to detect the remaining refrigerant amount in the second tank body.

5. The low temperature control device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first storage tank further comprises a first vent valve, which is disposed on the first tank body and is used to release pressure from the first tank body; the second storage tank comprises a second vent valve, which is disposed on the second tank body and is used to release pressure from the second tank body; And / or, the first storage tank further includes a first boosting valve, which is disposed on the first tank body and is used to pressurize the refrigerant, and the second storage tank further includes a second boosting valve, which is disposed on the second tank body and is used to pressurize the refrigerant.

6. The low temperature control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The flexible heat-conducting assembly comprises a first heat-conducting block, a second heat-conducting block and a heat-conducting braided belt, wherein the first heat-conducting block is arranged on the cooling component, the second heat-conducting block is arranged on the sample stage, and the heat-conducting braided belt connects the first heat-conducting block and the second heat-conducting block; And / or, the thermal insulation assembly comprises a thermal insulation layer, a mounting shell and a top cover, the thermal insulation layer is arranged around the cooling component, the mounting shell is arranged around the thermal insulation layer, and the top cover is arranged on the top of the cooling component, the thermal insulation layer and the mounting shell; And / or, the temperature adjustment structure also includes a temperature adjustment component, which includes a temperature controller, a temperature detection component and a heating component, the temperature detection component is arranged on the insulation component and / or the sample table, the heating component is arranged on the insulation component and / or the sample table, and the temperature controller electrically connects the insulation component and the sample table.

7. A low temperature control method, characterized in that: Applied to the low temperature control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the low temperature control method comprises the following steps: Controlling the refrigerant circulation structure to circulate and deliver refrigerant to the cooling component; The cooling component absorbs the coldness of the refrigerant to reduce the temperature in the thermal insulation component; Continuously obtaining the actual temperature of the heat preservation component, and if the actual temperature is lower than the target temperature, controlling the heating element to heat the heat preservation component until the actual temperature in the heat preservation component reaches the target temperature; When the temperature in the heat preservation component reaches the target temperature, the friction device is controlled to perform a friction test.

8. The low temperature control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The controlling the refrigerant circulation structure to circulate and deliver the refrigerant to the cooling component comprises the following steps: Injecting a first set amount of refrigerant into the first storage tank and injecting a preset amount of refrigerant into the second storage tank; Controlling the first storage tank to deliver refrigerant to the cooling component via a first connecting pipeline, and to return the refrigerant to the second storage tank via a second connecting pipeline; When the amount of refrigerant remaining in the first storage tank reaches a second set amount, controlling the first storage tank to stop delivering refrigerant; Controlling the second storage tank to deliver the refrigerant to the cooling component through the second connecting pipeline and the fourth connecting pipeline, and to return the refrigerant to the first storage tank through the third connecting pipeline and the first connecting pipeline; When the amount of refrigerant remaining in the second storage tank reaches a preset amount, controlling the second storage tank to stop delivering refrigerant; Repeat steps 2 to 5 until the test is completed.

9. A friction and wear testing machine, characterized in that: It comprises an atmosphere chamber, an upper friction device, a lower friction device, an environmental control device and a low temperature control device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6; The upper friction device and the lower friction device are arranged in the atmosphere chamber, the upper friction device is located above the lower friction device, the upper friction device clamps the ball sample, the lower friction device clamps the sample to be tested, the ball sample can abut against the sample to be tested, and the lower friction device can reciprocate relative to the upper friction device; The environment control device is arranged outside the atmosphere chamber and communicated with the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber to control the environment atmosphere of the inner cavity of the atmosphere chamber; The low temperature control device is partially located inside the atmosphere chamber and partially located outside the atmosphere chamber, and covers the lower friction device.

10. The friction and wear testing machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper friction device comprises a ball sample, a clamping member, a cantilever beam and a friction detection member, wherein the friction detection member is arranged in the atmosphere chamber, the cantilever beam is arranged below the friction detection member, the clamping member is arranged below the cantilever beam, and the ball sample is arranged in the clamping member and can abut against the sample to be tested; And / or, the lower friction device includes a base, a reciprocating table, a sample table and a sample to be tested, the base is arranged in the atmosphere chamber, the reciprocating table is arranged on the base, the sample table is arranged on the reciprocating table, the sample table is used to carry the sample to be tested, and the reciprocating table can drive the sample table and the sample to be tested to reciprocate; And / or, the environmental control device includes an environmental control component, a humidity detection component and a humidity display, the environmental control component is arranged in the atmosphere chamber to adjust the environmental atmosphere in the atmosphere chamber, the humidity detection component is arranged in the atmosphere chamber to detect the humidity information in the atmosphere chamber, and the humidity display is located on the outside of the atmosphere chamber and is electrically connected to the humidity detection component to display the humidity information.

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