Powder pulse sorting method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a powder pulse sorting method and device. According to the method, in the process that powder fluid continuously flows through a powder pulse sorting device at least comprising one pulse sorting unit, powder sorting is achieved according to the rule that relative heavy powder in the powder fluid only settles in a separation working section due to stall; the device has a single-selection structure and a double-selection structure, the device with the double-selection structure can synchronously sort heavy powder and light powder, and dry separation and wet separation are included; meanwhile, the method and the device thereof are combined with other technological methods, and various circulating technological processes including granularity grading, throwing separation, rough separation, fine separation, backflow re-separation, medium powder scavenging, light powder scavenging, mixed separation and the like can be randomly constructed. The method can be used for classifying and sorting the powder and also can be used for sorting the granularity of the powder, and meanwhile, a new technical approach and a new device are provided for modern mineral separation production and process transformation thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of powder sorting, and relates to a powder pulse sorting method and a device thereof. Background Art

[0002] Powder is a collection of solid particles. Well-known powder separation methods include flotation, gravity separation, critical velocity separation, magnetic separation, electrostatic separation and screening.

[0003] Among the above methods, the critical flow rate sorting method utilizes the minimum conveying flow rate when the powder fluid flows, and collects the rolling or sliding heavy powder at the bottom of the tube capsule for sorting. Although there are no actual application cases yet, this method relies on a single flow rate for sorting, so it has high requirements on the flow rate of the fluid, which increases the control cost; at the same time, this method has a relatively small range for distinguishing the density or quality of the powder, which affects the sorting efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies and provide a powder pulse sorting method and device thereof, which realizes powder sorting by utilizing the law that the relatively heavy powder therein settles only in the separation working section due to stalling during the continuous flow of the powder fluid through a powder pulse sorting device including at least one pulse sorting unit; the device described in the present invention has two configurations, single selection and double selection, and the device of the double selection configuration can simultaneously sort heavy powder and light powder. At the same time, by combining this method and its device with other process methods, a variety of cyclic process flows including particle size classification, throwing selection, rough selection, fine selection, reflux re-selection, medium powder scavenging selection, light powder scavenging selection, mixed selection, etc. can be arbitrarily constructed.

[0005] The technical solution of this aspect is a powder pulse sorting method, characterized in that the powder in the two-phase fluid is sorted by the pulse change of the fluid above and below its critical flow rate; the critical flow rate refers to the fluid flow rate corresponding to the powder in the two-phase fluid falling from a suspended state to the bottom under the action of gravity and sliding, rolling or jumping on the bottom bed surface with the fluid, or the minimum conveying flow rate corresponding to the two-phase fluid; the pulse change refers to the flow rate of the fluid remaining unchanged, and the change of its flow rate is formed by the change of the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid circulation; specifically comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Use air or water as a carrier, and then homogeneously mix it with the selected powder to prepare a two-phase fluid, and regard the powder with a large relative density or a large mass as heavy powder, and regard the powder with a small relative density or a small mass as light powder;

[0007] Step 2, sending the prepared two-phase fluid at a stable flow rate and conveying flow rate into a powder pulse sorting device that allows the flow rate to undergo at least one pulse change, and each pulse change process of the flow rate corresponds to the conveying flow rate, the separation flow rate and the output flow rate in sequence;

[0008] The conveying flow rate is a flow rate equal to or greater than the critical flow rate of the selected fluid, at which all powders in the fluid will not be retained;

[0009] The separation flow rate refers to the flow rate that is equal to the critical flow rate corresponding to the non-selected light powder in the fluid during the process of sorting heavy powders. The heavy powder in the fluid that needs to be sorted will inevitably fall downward due to stalling at this flow rate; the flow rate that is equal to the critical flow rate corresponding to the light powder that needs to be sorted during the process of sorting light powders is equal to the critical flow rate corresponding to the light powder that needs to be sorted. The relatively heavy powder that does not need to be sorted in the fluid falls downward, and the light powder that needs to be sorted flows with the carrier;

[0010] The output flow rate is equal to or greater than the critical flow rate corresponding to the remaining powder in the fluid after sorting, and the remaining powder in the fluid does not stay at this flow rate;

[0011] Step 3: When the fluid flows through the powder pulse separation device at a position where the fluid is in a separation flow rate state, the separated particles to be separated are recovered:

[0012] (i) The heavy powder to be sorted is recovered on the bottom bed of the powder pulse sorting device corresponding to the separation flow rate, and the carrier and the powder are further separated by a conventional two-phase separation method to obtain the heavy powder in the selected fluid, thereby achieving the sorting of the heavy powder;

[0013] (ii) The light powder to be sorted is separated with the carrier at the upper part or top of the powder pulse sorting device corresponding to the separation flow rate, and the carrier and the powder are further separated by a conventional two-phase separation method to obtain the light powder in the selected fluid, thereby achieving the sorting of the light powder;

[0014] Step 4: After sorting, the fluid passes through the remaining flow rate to make the flow rate reach the output flow rate and flows out of the powder pulse sorting device to end the sorting, or it is re-sent to step 3 or step 2 to achieve the sorting of powder during the multi-pulse change of flow rate.

[0015] Furthermore, the above method is used in conjunction with flotation, magnetic separation, gravity separation, electrostatic separation, chemical separation, screening and bacterial separation to construct a new circulation process to achieve the separation of various difficult-to-separate powders.

[0016] The pulse change of flow velocity mentioned above refers to the pulse change of fluid flow velocity from delivery flow velocity to separation flow velocity and then to output flow velocity; the multi-pulse flow velocity change process refers to the repeated change process of fluid flow velocity from delivery flow velocity to separation flow velocity and then to output flow velocity.

[0017] In the above method, the fluid to be selected is limited by its flow cross-sectional area, and the flow velocity changes in a fixed manner in a pulse manner above and below its critical flow velocity. The change parameter is determined by the configuration of the sorting device, and the number of pulses is controlled by the sorting device. The powder separated or sorted by the above method is sorted by the same sorting method, and through re-selection, re-reselection, ..., or N-stage re-selection, the proportion of the powder to be selected in the obtained powder can be further increased;

[0018] The above powder sorting method includes various powder classification sorting, powder particle size classification sorting, dry sorting and wet sorting;

[0019] The above-mentioned powder pulse sorting method is suitable for sorting various powders.

[0020] The device used to realize the above-mentioned powder pulse sorting method is as follows:

[0021] A powder pulse sorting device, the device comprises at least one single-selection pulse sorting unit or a double-selection pulse sorting unit composed of a pulser and a collecting box, and also comprises an upper discharge pipe, a lower discharge pipe, a buffer tank, a guide pipe, a flow limiting valve, a bracket, a flow guiding member and a layered baffle; among the above-mentioned parts, the upper opening or the open opening of the collecting box is correspondingly connected to the powder separation outlet uniformly distributed on the bottom bed surface of the pulser separation section B, the bottom discharge port of the collecting box is connected to the lower discharge pipe or the guide pipe, the flow limiting valve is arranged between the bottom discharge port of the collecting box and the discharge pipe or the guide pipe as needed, and they are connected to each other, the upper discharge pipe is connected to the outlet of the light output section W of the pulser of the double-selection pulse sorting unit, and the fulcrum of the bracket is fixedly connected to the supporting force-bearing part of the sorting device body;

[0022] The so-called single-selection pulse sorting unit means that the pulser used in the sorting device is a pulser of single-selection configuration;

[0023] The so-called double-selection pulse sorting unit means that the pulser used in the sorting device is a pulser with a double-selection configuration.

[0024] The pulser is a hollow component that can cause the fluid flow rate to change regularly by changing the flow cross-sectional area; the pulse unit is the part corresponding to a pulse change in the flow rate of the fluid during the process of passing through the pulser.

[0025] Furthermore, the light powder outlet of the pulser in the double-selection pulse sorting unit is connected to the light output section W, or is an integral structure with the light output section W, and the outlet of the light output section W is connected to the upper discharge pipe; a limiting flow valve is provided between the upper discharge pipe and the outlet of the light output section W as needed.

[0026] Furthermore, the single-selection configuration pulser includes at least one pulse unit which is composed of a conveying section A, a separation section B and an output section C which are connected in sequence, and powder separation outlets are evenly distributed on the bottom bed surface of the separation section B. The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section B is larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the connected conveying section A, and is also larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the connected output section C. The fluid monitoring port P1 is set as needed. In the single-selection configuration pulser, due to the limitation of the flow cross-sectional area, the pulse change of the flow velocity of the fluid when passing through the separation section only corresponds to one amplitude, and the separation object is the heavy powder in the fluid.

[0027] Furthermore, the dual-selection pulser comprises at least one pulse unit consisting of a conveying section A, a separation section B, a light powder separation section E, a medium powder output section Z and a light output section W. The heavy powder separation outlet is arranged at the bottom bed surface of the separation section B, and the light powder separation outlet is arranged at the uppermost end or the top of the light separation section E. The bottom of the light powder separation section E is an inclined structure, and the fluid monitoring port is arranged as required; wherein the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section B is larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the connected conveying section A, and is also larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the connected medium powder output section Z and the light output section W. The sum of the flow cross-sectional areas of the outlet sections W, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the light powder separation section E is greater than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the connected light output W section; in the above-mentioned working sections, the conveying section A is connected through the separation section B, the separation section B is connected through the light separation section E and the medium powder output section Z, and the light powder separation outlet of the light separation section E is connected through the light output section W; in the double-selection configuration pulser, limited by the flow cross-sectional area, the pulse change of the flow velocity of the fluid when passing through the two separation sections corresponds to two amplitudes, which can synchronously sort the heavy powder and light powder in the fluid.

[0028] Furthermore, the pulse sorting units L in the same device are interconnected end to end, or adopt an integral structure; the end to end refers to the conveying section A of the pulser as the head, and the output section C and the medium powder output section Z as the tail, that is, the conveying section A of the next sorting unit L is connected to the output section C or the medium powder output section Z of the previous sorting unit L, or the conveying section A of the next sorting unit L replaces the output section C or the medium powder output section Z of the previous sorting unit L.

[0029] Furthermore, the collecting box is of a hollow cylindrical or inverted frustum-shaped configuration, and the discharge port is arranged at the bottom; a carrier inlet K1 is arranged on the side of the collecting box body as required; and a monitoring interface P2 is arranged on the collecting box as required.

[0030] Furthermore, the pulser is provided with a flow guide as required in front of the inner cavity of the separation section B, and this element can effectively improve the uneven distribution of fluid flow velocity at different positions of the separation section cross section, thereby improving the working effect of the separation section.

[0031] Furthermore, the pulser in the double-selection pulse sorting unit is provided with a layered baffle as required, and the outlet of the medium powder output section Z and the outlet of the light powder output section W are merged, and after the merger, the double-selection pulser is used as a single-selection pulser.

[0032] A monitoring interface is set at the pulser separation section to measure the working parameters of the inner cavity fluid and provide real-time data for automatic control.

[0033] The buffer tank is an open box body and is placed below the guide pipe.

[0034] The bracket is a structural member used to support the entire sorting device, and its connection fulcrum is a position on the main body of the sorting device that can support and fix the force.

[0035] During operation, the selected fluid is fed into the above-mentioned separation device according to the requirements of the present invention, and the structure of the fluid does not change in the conveying section of the separation unit; when the fluid enters the separation section:

[0036] (i) In the separation section of the single-selection pulser or the double-selection pulser, the heavy powder in the selected fluid will fall to the bottom bed surface due to stall, enter the collecting box through the powder separation outlet, and then be recovered from the lower discharge pipe outlet or the buffer tank, and the heavy powder in the selected fluid is obtained through two-phase separation; the separated fluid flows out through the output section and is treated as a medium powder fluid or a light powder fluid; in this process, the working pressure of the fluid in the collecting box is less than or equal to the working pressure of the fluid in the separation section;

[0037] (ii) In the light powder separation section of the double-selection pulser, the heavy powder in the fluid will also experience a stall process, then fall onto the inclined plane set below, and further slide to the inlet of the medium powder output section, and flow out through the outlet of the medium powder output section along with the medium powder fluid; the light powder in the separation section flows out through the light powder separation outlet, the light output section, and the upper discharge pipe along with the carrier, and the powder is recovered through two-phase separation to obtain the light powder in the selected fluid.

[0038] The above-mentioned powder pulse sorting device can be used for classification and sorting of powders with the same or similar particle sizes and different densities, as well as multi-level classification and sorting. It can also be used for particle size classification and sorting of powders with the same or similar density and different particle sizes, as well as multi-level classification and sorting, including wet sorting and dry sorting. It is suitable for mineral processing, chemical industry, building materials, energy, plastics, metallurgy, food, feed, medicine, environmental protection and other fields.

[0039] The present invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention provides a new technical method for powder sorting; the new technical method can be seamlessly connected with other powder sorting technologies, complement each other's advantages, construct new powder sorting processes and procedures, and maximize production efficiency and sorting effects; the technical method of the present invention does not use any chemical agents in the sorting process, has significant environmental benefits, and can effectively reduce the production cost of powder sorting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the unit structure and working principle of a double-selection pulse sorting device in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the unit structure and working principle of another double-selection pulse sorting device in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the unit structure and working principle of a single-selection pulse sorting device in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the unit structure and working principle of another single-selection pulse sorting device in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural cross-sectional diagram of a unit of another single-selection pulse sorting device in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural cross-sectional diagram of a single-selection pulse sorting device having two sorting units in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a double-selection multi-pulse sorting device in the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 These are two line flow chart symbols of the powder pulse separation device created by the present invention;

[0048] Fig. 9 It is a mineral processing process and flow chart constructed by using the powder pulse separation method of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.10 It is a mineral roughing process flow chart constructed by combining the powder pulse separation method and the flotation technology method described in the present invention;

[0050] Fig.11 It is a process flow chart of recovering minerals in a tailings conveying pipeline by using the powder pulse sorting device of the present invention;

[0051] Explanation of the numbers in the figure: 1. Fluid inlet; 2. Heavy powder outlet; 3. Medium powder outlet; 4. Light powder outlet; 5. Output port; 6. Pulser; 7. Collecting box; 8. Bracket; 9. Lower discharge pipe; 10. Fluid; 11. Flow guide; 12. Layered baffle; 13. Upper discharge pipe; 14. Buffer tank; 15. Flow guide pipe; 16. Flow limiting valve; A. Conveying section; B. Separation section; C. Output section; D. Hysteresis zone; E. Light powder separation section; Z. Medium powder output section; W. Light output section; L. Sorting unit; P1. Separation section monitoring port; P2. Collecting box monitoring port; K1. Upper discharge pipe carrier input interface; K2. Collecting box carrier input interface; K3. Lower discharge pipe carrier input interface; a. Represents the flow trajectory of heavy powder; c. Represents the flow trajectory of medium powder; d. Represents the flow trajectory of light (light powder) powder;

[0052] Explanation of symbols in the figure: Represents heavy powder in the fluid; It represents medium powder; Represents light (light powder) powder in the fluid; the direction of the triangle arrow indicates the flow direction of the powder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The powder pulse sorting device used to implement the present invention includes a pulser 6, a collecting box 7, a bracket 8, a lower discharge pipe 9, a guide member 11, a layered baffle 12, an upper discharge pipe 13, a buffer tank 14, a guide pipe 15, and a flow limiting valve 16.

[0054] The pulse sorting device includes at least one pulse sorting unit L; the sorting unit refers to a device corresponding to a pulse change process in the inner cavity of the pulser 6 when the flow velocity of the selected fluid passes through the pulse sorting device, and the pulse amplitude of the flow velocity is controlled by the configuration of the pulser 6.

[0055] The pulser 6 is a tubular or box-shaped component that can cause the fluid flow rate to change regularly by changing the flow cross-sectional area. It includes at least one pulse unit, and its configuration is divided into a single-selection pulser and a double-selection pulser.

[0056] In the pulser of single-selection configuration, the pulse unit is composed of a conveying section A, a separation section B and an output section C which are connected in sequence, and a heavy powder separation outlet is provided on the bottom bed surface of the separation section B. During operation, when the fluid passes through the pulse unit, the powder therein is only subjected to a pulse amplitude of the fluid flow rate during the separation process. The separation object is the heavy powder in the fluid, and the product (heavy powder) is collected at the heavy powder separation outlet on the bottom bed surface of the separation section B. The fluid after the separation section B flows out through the output section C, and the outflowing fluid is processed as a medium powder fluid or a light powder fluid according to the powder structure therein, and its output port 5 is processed according to the sorting process requirements. In this component, the flow cross-sectional areas of the conveying section A and the output section C are respectively smaller than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section B.

[0057] The dual-selection pulser is based on the single-selection pulser, and further adds a light powder separation section E at the upper position behind the separation section B, so that when the fluid passes through the pulser 6, the powder separation will be affected by the two pulse amplitudes of the fluid flow rate at the same time, and the heavy powder and light powder in the fluid can be separated synchronously; in this configuration, the light powder separation outlet is set at the uppermost end or top of the light powder separation section E, and the bottom surface is an inclined structure with an inclined angle β>36°. At the same time, the single-selection pulser output section C is divided into a medium powder output section Z and a light powder output section W according to the flow cross-sectional area, and the output is output in parallel. Replace the original output section C; the light powder separation outlet of the light powder separation section E is connected to the light output section W, and the separation section B is connected to the medium powder output section Z at the same time; the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the medium powder output section Z and the light output section W is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the original output section C, and the ratio of the two cross-sectional areas is determined according to the powder structure in the fluid and the requirements of the sorting process; in this component, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section B is larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the conveying section A, and is also larger than the sum of the flow cross-sectional areas of the medium powder output section Z and the light output section W, and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the light powder separation section E is larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the light output section W.

[0058] The pulser used in the pulse sorting device is of a single-selection configuration, and the device is a single-selection pulse sorting device.

[0059] The pulser used in the pulse sorting device is of a double-selection configuration, and the device is a double-selection pulse sorting device.

[0060] The collecting and transporting box 7 is of cylindrical or inverted cone configuration, the carrier input interface K2 and the monitoring interface P2 are set as needed, the discharge port is set at the bottom, and the upper opening is connected to the powder separation outlet at the bottom of the pulse separation section, and the number corresponds to the number of pulse sorting units.

[0061] In the device, the upper discharge pipe 13 is connected to the outlet of the light output section W of the dual-selection pulser 6. A flow limiting valve 16 can be added between the two as needed to adjust the flow ratio of the medium powder fluid and the light powder fluid; the carrier input interface K1 of the upper discharge pipe 13 is set as needed.

[0062] In the device, the lower discharge pipe 9 or the guide pipe 15 is connected to the outlet of the collecting box 7, and a flow limiting valve 16 can be added between the two as needed; in the working structure using the guide pipe 15, a buffer tank 14 is set at the bottom of the outlet of the guide pipe 15; the carrier input interface K3 of the lower discharge pipe 9 is set as needed.

[0063] In the device, the bracket 8 is used to support the entire sorting device, and its connection fulcrum is a portion on the pulser 6 or the housing of the collecting box 7 in the device that can support and fix the force.

[0064] In the device, the pulse sorting unit L refers to a device corresponding to a pulse change process of the flow velocity of the selected fluid when the fluid passes through the sorting device.

[0065] Furthermore, a flow guide 11 is provided at the junction of the pulser 6 conveying section A and the separation section B; during operation, the flow guide 11 can be provided to effectively improve the uneven distribution of the fluid flow velocity at different positions of the separation section B cross section, thereby improving the working effect of the separation section B.

[0066] Furthermore, a monitoring interface P1 is provided at the separation section B of the pulser 6; the interface P1 can be used to measure the working parameters of the fluid in the inner cavity of the pulser 6 and provide real-time data for automatic control.

[0067] In the device with two or more pulse sorting units L, each pulse sorting unit is connected and combined with each other through the outlet of the pulser 6 output section C, or the medium powder output section Z and the inlet of the conveying section A of the next sorting unit, or a pulser with a multi-pulse overall configuration or a part of the overall configuration is adopted; at the same time, the output section C, or the medium powder output section Z in the pulse unit of the previous pulser can directly replace the conveying section A in the next pulse unit.

[0068] In the device, a stratified baffle is added to merge the medium powder output section Z outlet and the light powder output section W outlet in the double-selection configuration pulser, and the merged working section is used as the output section C in the single-selection pulser. Through the action of the stratified baffle 12, the heavy and light powders in the output fluid are pre-stratified, which is beneficial to improving the sorting effect of the subsequent sorting unit.

[0069] In the device, the upper discharge pipe 13 in the multi-pulse sorting device adopts an integral structure, or the upper discharge pipes of some sorting units are of an integral structure, or the upper discharge pipes 13 are grouped in a front-to-back order and configured in groups to achieve multi-stage sorting of light powder in the same device.

[0070] In the device, the lower discharge pipe 9 in the multi-pulse sorting device adopts an integral structure, or the lower discharge pipes of some sorting units are of an integral structure, or the lower discharge pipes 9 are grouped in a front-to-back order and configured in groups to achieve multi-stage sorting of heavy powder in the same device.

[0071] During operation, when the selected fluid 10 is fed into the above device according to the requirements of the present invention; the fluid flows through each unit of the pulser:

[0072] (i) During the process of flowing through the conveying section A, the ratio of the carrier to the powder in the fluid 10 does not change.

[0073] (ii) In the process of flowing through the separation section B of the single-selection pulser or the double-selection pulser, the heavy powder in the selected fluid 10 will fall to the bottom bed surface due to stalling, enter the collecting box 7 through the powder separation outlet, and then be recovered from the heavy powder outlet 2 of the lower discharge pipe 9 or the buffer tank 14, and the heavy powder in the selected fluid is obtained through two-phase separation; the separated fluid flows out through the output section C and is treated as a medium powder fluid or a light powder fluid; in this process, the working pressure of the collecting box 7 is less than or equal to the working pressure of the fluid in the separation section B.

[0074] (ii) In the process of flowing through the light powder separation section E of the double-selection pulser, the relatively heavy powder in the fluid in this area will also experience a stall process, and then fall onto the inclined plane set below, and then further slide to the entrance of the medium powder output section Z, and flow out through the medium powder outlet 3 of the medium powder output section Z along with the medium powder fluid; the light powder in the light powder separation section E flows with the carrier through the light powder separation outlet, the light output section W, the upper discharge pipe 13, and then flows out from the light powder outlet 4, and the powder therein is recovered by two-phase separation to obtain the light powder in the selected fluid.

[0075] In the above device, the carrier input interfaces K1, K2, and K3 are set as needed for adjusting their respective flow rates and flow velocities; at the same time, K2 and K3 can also serve as connection interfaces for the upper discharge pipe 13 and the lower discharge pipe 9 between the sorting units.

[0076] The method described in the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the device described in the present invention:

[0077] The selected fluid described in the present invention refers to a fluid formed by a mixture of solid powder and a carrier, wherein the powder is the sorting target, including a two-phase fluid that needs to be sorted again, sorted again, etc. after sorting; in the method and sorting steps of the present invention:

[0078] Step one is to prepare the powder to be selected into a two-phase fluid by conventional methods; when the dry sorting process is adopted, the powder to be selected is homogeneously mixed with air to prepare a powder fluid, and the air is a continuous phase; when the wet sorting process is adopted, the powder to be selected is homogeneously mixed with water to prepare a powder fluid, and the water is a continuous phase; in order to clarify the sorting object, the present invention regards the powder with a large relative density or a large mass in the powder to be selected as a heavy powder, and treats it as a heavy powder during the sorting process, and regards the powder with a small relative density or a small mass as a light powder, and treats it as a light powder during the sorting process.

[0079] The second step is to deliver the fluid prepared above into the sorting device through a pipeline at a stable flow rate and conveying flow rate. The number of pulse units required by the device is determined according to the powder structure and the sorting requirements. The more pulse units there are, the higher the yield of the product obtained by sorting. The present invention requires that when the selected fluid flows through the pulse unit of the pulser 6, the conveying flow rate corresponds to the conveying section A of the pulse unit, the separation flow rate when sorting heavy powder corresponds to the separation section B of the pulse unit, the separation flow rate when sorting light powder corresponds to the light powder separation section E of the pulse unit, the output flow rate after heavy powder sorting corresponds to the output section C of the pulse unit or the medium powder output section Z, and the output flow rate after light powder sorting corresponds to the light output section W of the pulse unit.

[0080] Therefore, when the flow rate Q of the selected fluid is taken as a reference, at the above flow rate, the pulse unit of the pulser 6 is required to be:

[0081] (I) In the conveying section A: In order to ensure that the selected fluid passes continuously and does not accumulate and stagnate on the bottom bed surface, the flow rate Q of the selected fluid entering the pulse unit conveying section A remains unchanged, and its flow rate should be equal to or greater than the critical flow rate u of the selected fluid; therefore, the flow cross-sectional area S1 of the conveying section A in each pulse unit of the sorting device should meet the following formula:

[0082] S1≤Q / u Formula 1

[0083] (ii) In separation section B: When the selected fluid flows through the pulse unit separation section B, the heavy powder is separated. When the flow rate is equal to the critical flow rate u1 corresponding to the non-selected light powder, the heavy powder below the non-selected light powder is in a stall state and will fall rapidly downward to the bottom bed surface of the separation section B under the action of gravity, and then fall into the collection box 7 through the heavy powder separation outlet set on the bottom bed surface, completing the separation or separation process of the heavy powder in the fluid; therefore, the flow cross-sectional area S2 of the separation section B in each pulse unit of the separation device should meet the following formula:

[0084] S2=Q / u1 Formula 2

[0085] (III) In the output section C: The fluid entering the output section C is the fluid after the heavy powder is sorted, but there may still be a certain amount of relatively heavy powder in the fluid, and its flow rate is the flow rate Q of the conveying section A minus the volume flow rate V of the separated heavy powder; in order to prevent the powder in the fluid from accumulating and stagnating at the bottom of this working section, it is required that the flow rate when flowing through the output section of the sorting unit is equal to or greater than the critical flow rate u2 of the fluid in this section, so that the sorted fluid can pass continuously in this state; therefore, the flow cross-sectional area S3 of the output section C in each pulse unit of the sorting device should meet the following formula:

[0086] S3≤(QV) / u2 Formula 3

[0087] (IV) In the light powder separation section E: In the device described in the present invention, the fluid entering the light powder separation section E is the upper layer fluid after separation in the separation section B. Assume that the flow rate is Q W , contains a certain proportion of light powders that need to be sorted; in order to separate the light powders that need to be separated, the present invention requires that the flow rate of the light powder separation section E is equal to the critical flow rate u3 corresponding to the light powders that need to be sorted; in this state, the relatively heavy powders that do not need to be sorted fall due to stalling, and the light powders that need to be sorted are separated with the carrier; therefore, the flow cross-sectional area S of the light powder separation section E in each pulse unit of the sorting device is E The following formula should be met:

[0088] S E =Q W / u3 Formula 4

[0089] (V) In the light output section W: the flow rate entering this section is the flow rate Q of the light powder separation section E W Subtract the volume flow rate V1 of the relatively heavy powder separated by falling in this section. In order to prevent the light powder separated with the carrier from falling, according to the requirements of the present invention, its flow rate is equal to or greater than the critical flow rate of the fluid in this section, that is, the critical flow rate u3 corresponding to the light powder to be sorted; in this state, the sorted light powder flows out with the carrier; therefore, the flow cross-sectional area S of the light output section W in each pulse unit of the sorting device is W The following formula should be met:

[0090] S W ≤(Q W -V1) / u3 Formula 5

[0091] (VI) In the medium powder output section Z: the flow rate entering this section is the flow rate Q of the conveying section A, minus the volume flow rate V of the separated heavy powder, minus the flow rate of the light output section W (Q W-V1), the fluid is the fluid after heavy powder is sorted, but a certain amount of relatively heavy powder may still remain in the fluid; in order to prevent the powder in the fluid from accumulating and stagnating at the bottom of the working section, the present invention requires that the flow rate when flowing through the powder output section Z of the sorting unit is equal to or greater than the critical flow rate u2 of the fluid in this section; therefore, the flow cross-sectional area S of the powder output section Z in each pulse unit of the sorting device is Z The following formula should be met:

[0092] S Z ≤(QQ W -V+V1) / u2 Formula 6

[0093] In the above formula: Q represents the total flow; Q W represents the flow rate of the light powder separation section E; V represents the flow rate of the heavy powder that has been sorted in the separation section B; V1 represents the volume flow rate of the relatively heavy powder separated by falling from the light powder separation section E; S1 represents the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the conveying section A; S2 represents the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section B; S3 represents the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the output section C; S E represents the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the light powder separation section E; S W represents the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the lightweight output section W; S Z Represents the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the medium powder output section Z; u represents the critical flow velocity of the conveying section A (selected fluid); u1 represents the critical flow velocity corresponding to the non-selected light powder in the selected fluid; u2 represents the critical flow velocity of the fluid after the separation section B of the sorting unit; u3 represents the critical flow velocity corresponding to the light powder that needs to be sorted.

[0094] In each of the above working sections, for the single-selection configuration device, the working flow rate of the fluid has the following relationship:

[0095] The flow rate of conveying section A is greater than the flow rate of separation section B and less than the flow rate of output section C.

[0096] For a dual-selection configuration device, the working flow rate of the fluid has the following relationship:

[0097] The flow rate of conveying section A is greater than the flow rate of separation section B and less than the flow rate of medium powder output section Z.

[0098] Separation section B flow rate > light powder separation section E < light powder output section W

[0099] In order to make the separation flow rate stable and easy to control, in actual operation, the flow rate of the medium powder output section Z and the light powder output section can be the same.

[0100] Step three is to recover and sort the powder:

[0101] (i) Recovering the heavy powder obtained by sorting: Since the separation section B is the critical flow rate u1 corresponding to the non-selected light powder, the heavy powder to be sorted falls downward due to the stall in the separation section B and the action of gravity, and enters the collecting box 7 through the outlet after falling to the bottom bed surface, and then flows out through the lower discharge pipe 9 and is recovered. The carrier and the powder are further separated by a conventional two-phase separation method to obtain the heavy powder in the selected fluid, thereby realizing the sorting of the heavy powder.

[0102] (ii) Recovering the light powder obtained by sorting: Since the fluid in the light powder separation section E is the upper fluid after sorting in the separation section B, its flow rate is the critical flow rate u3 corresponding to the light powder to be sorted. The relatively heavy powder in the fluid falls downward due to stalling and is separated. The light powder to be sorted can only flow with the carrier and enter the light output section W through the outlet to be recovered. The carrier and the powder are further separated by a conventional two-phase separation method to obtain the light powder in the selected fluid, thereby realizing the sorting of the light powder.

[0103] In the above method, the flow rate Q ratio of the two working sections, the medium powder output section Z and the light powder output section W, is determined according to the powder structure in the fluid and the separation process requirements.

[0104] In the above method, two or more sorting units L form a multi-pulse sorting device, the number of pulses is the same as the number of sorting units L, and the more pulses there are, the higher the sorting efficiency is; the pulse variation parameters are determined by the configuration of the sorting device; when a double-selection multi-pulse sorting device is used, the flow rate flowing through the separation section of each sorting unit is decreasing.

[0105] Furthermore, the powder pulse separation method described in the present invention is used in conjunction with flotation, magnetic separation, gravity separation, electrostatic separation, chemical separation and bacterial separation to construct a variety of new circulation processes; the circulation process refers to: using grinding, particle size classification, casting, roughing, cleaning, reflux re-selection, cleaning scavenging, medium powder scavenging and light powder scavenging these process, the mineral processing process is combined as needed.

[0106] Example 1

[0107] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the unit structure and working principle of a double-selection pulse sorting device in the present invention. In this embodiment, the powder pulse sorting device includes a pulser 6, a collecting box 7, a bracket 8, a lower discharge pipe 9, and a flow limiting valve 16. The collecting box 7 is docked below the powder separation outlet at the bottom of the separation section B of the pulser 6. The bottom outlet of the collecting box 7 is connected to the flow limiting valve 16, and the other end of the flow limiting valve 16 is fixedly connected to the lower discharge pipe 9. The bracket 8 is a component for fixing the device and is fixedly connected to the housing of the pulser 6. The device has four fluid interfaces, namely, a fluid inlet 1, a heavy powder outlet 2, a medium powder outlet 3, and a light powder outlet 4. In addition, a monitoring port P1 is provided at the top of the separation section B of the pulser 6, and a monitoring port P2 is provided on the side of the collecting box 7. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the working pressure and flow rate of the fluid, a carrier inlet K2 is provided on the side of the collecting box 7, and a carrier inlet K3 is provided on the lower discharge pipe 9.

[0108] The device has only one independent pulse sorting unit, and the pulser 6 used is a double-selection configuration, with a total of five working sections, namely, the conveying section A, the separation section B, the light powder separation section E, the medium powder output section Z and the light output section W, the medium powder output section Z and the light output section W are arranged in parallel; wherein, the light powder separation section E belongs to the functional area extended after the separation section B, and is used for the separation of light powder; in the pulser 6, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section B is larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the conveying section A, and also larger than the sum of the flow cross-sectional areas of the medium powder output section Z and the light output section W, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the light powder separation section E is larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the light output section W, and the bottom bed surface of the separation section B is uniformly distributed with heavy powder separation outlets; in order to prevent the relatively heavy powder in the light powder separation section E from accumulating and being retained in the inner cavity of the pulser 6 due to stalling, the bottom of the light powder separation section E is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface angle β is greater than 36°.

[0109] The collecting box 7 is an inverted cone configuration, with the discharge port arranged at the bottom and the carrier inlet K1 arranged on the side. The inclination angle of the cone side should be such that no powder accumulation or retention occurs on the inclined surface. The configured monitoring interface P2 is used for monitoring the working pressure of the fluid in the collecting box 7 and controlling the carrier inlet K2.

[0110] During operation, the selected fluid 10 enters the pulser 6 from the fluid inlet 1 of the device at the flow rate required by the conveying section A, and the flow rate is stable and unchanged. In the process of passing through the pulser 6, the flow rate is limited by the flow cross-sectional area of ​​each working section of the pulser 6 and will change. When the flow rate in the conveying section A is equal to or greater than the critical flow rate u of the selected fluid, the flow rate through the separation section B is equal to the critical flow rate u1 corresponding to the non-selected light powder in the fluid, the flow rate through the light powder separation section E is equal to the critical flow rate u3 corresponding to the light powder to be sorted, and the flow rate through the medium powder output section Z and the light output section W is equal to or greater than the critical flow rate u2; obviously, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​each working section of the device must be designed according to the flow rate requirements, and in the process of the fluid passing through the device, it is limited by the flow cross-sectional area and a fixed negative pulse-like change will inevitably occur. The change parameters are determined by the flow cross-sectional area of ​​each working section of the pulser 6 and the design parameters of the length of the equal cross-sectional area, but they should all meet the flow rate requirements described in the present invention.

[0111] During operation, when the selected fluid 10 passes through the conveying section A of the pulser 6 at a flow rate greater than or equal to its critical flow rate u, all powders along with the carrier can directly pass through and completely enter the separation section B and will not be deposited on the bottom bed surface of the conveying section A.

[0112] During operation, when the powder passes through the separation section B with the carrier, the fluid flow rate is equal to the critical flow rate u1 corresponding to the non-selected light powder in the selected fluid 10, and the heavy powder below the non-selected light powder is in a stall state. The heavy powder will follow the stalling state. Figure 1 The trajectory shown in a falls rapidly to the bottom of separation section B, falls into the collecting box 7 through the powder separation outlet at the bottom of separation section B, and then flows out from the heavy powder outlet 2 along with the carrier input from port K2 through the lower discharge pipe 9, thereby achieving the separation of heavy powder; since the flow rate of the non-selected light powder along with the carrier when passing through separation section B is the critical flow rate u1 of the fluid, which meets the minimum flow rate requirement for powder transportation, all non-selected light powders except a very small amount of powder sliding or rolling along the bottom bed surface will pass through separation section B along with the carrier, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 The flow trajectories shown in b and c; the non-selected light powder mentioned above refers to the aggregate of medium powder and light powder, among which light powder is the light powder that needs to be sorted or separated, and medium powder is the powder with relatively medium mass after light powder and heavy powder are removed, and contains missed heavy powder and light powder.

[0113] During operation, the fluid flow after separation in separation section B flows to the medium powder output section Z and the light powder output section W according to the cross-sectional area ratio of the medium powder output section Z and the light powder output section W:

[0114] (i) The flow rate of the fluid flowing to the medium powder output section Z is equal to or greater than the critical flow rate u2 of the fluid in this section; since the flow rate must meet the requirements of heavy powder entrained in the conveying fluid, the critical flow rate u2 must be greater than the flow rate u1 of the separation section B, and the powder of the fluid will not be deposited in the medium powder output section Z. The fluid flowing out of the medium powder output section Z is processed according to the powder structure and sorting requirements therein.

[0115] (ii) The fluid flowing to the light output section W must first pass through the light powder separation section E; when the fluid enters the light powder separation section E, the flow rate corresponds to the critical flow rate u3 corresponding to the light powder to be sorted, and the relatively heavy powder therein falls downward due to stalling, and then slides into the medium powder fluid through the bottom slope, and the light powder to be sorted continues to flow to the top light output section W with the carrier, and flows out from the light powder outlet 4 at the same flow rate and synchronously with the fluid in the medium powder output section Z, thereby achieving the sorting of light powder.

[0116] The above method and process achieves simultaneous separation of light and heavy powders in the same pulse separation device.

[0117] Furthermore, when two or more conveying sections A and medium powder output sections Z of equal caliber sorting devices are connected, a double-selection multi-pulse type sorting device can be formed.

[0118] In this embodiment, the input flow is monitored and controlled by the monitoring port P1 provided above the pulser 6 and the monitoring device configured therein; in order to avoid the cross-flow interference between the collecting box 7 and the pulser 6 during the process of outputting the powder, the monitoring device configured by the monitoring port P2 provided in the collecting box 7 controls the flow and working pressure of the carrier inlet K2, and the flow outputted by the collecting box 7 is adjusted by the flow limiting valve 16 to keep the fluid pressure in the collecting box 7 and the pulser 6 balanced; when the fluid working pressure in the separation section B of the pulser 6 is greater than the fluid pressure in the collecting box 7, the yield of the heavy powder falling into the collecting box 7 increases and the proportion of the heavy powder in the obtained powder decreases; when the pressure is opposite, the yield of the heavy powder decreases and the proportion of the heavy powder in the obtained powder increases until normal sorting is impossible; in addition, by adopting a process method of adjusting the flow of each working section of the pulser 6, the heavy powder falling into the collecting box 7 is sent to the lower discharge pipe 9 with a surplus flow without affecting the normal working flow rate, and the carrier inlet K2 on the side wall of the collecting box 7 can be omitted.

[0119] In this embodiment, the K3 port on the lower discharge pipe 9 is the process carrier inlet. The flow rate of the powder-containing fluid in the lower discharge pipe 9 is increased by supplementing the carrier, so that the flow rate of the fluid in the lower discharge pipe 9 is greater than its critical flow rate, thereby avoiding powder deposition. In order to avoid the fluid in the lower discharge pipe 9 from reversely entering the collecting box 7 and interfering with the working pressure and flow of the collecting box, there is an angle between the main pipeline of the lower discharge pipe 9 and the feed connecting pipe, and the angle α is less than 90°.

[0120] In this embodiment, water is used as a carrier to prepare the fluid when the powder is sorted by a wet sorting process, and air is used as a carrier to prepare the fluid when the powder is sorted by a dry sorting process.

[0121] The device shown in this embodiment has the function of simultaneous dual selection of light and heavy powders. Its sorting method is applicable to powders with different qualities and densities. Positive selection, reverse selection and throwing selection processes can be used to classify and sort various powders, and the particle size of the powders can also be graded and sorted.

[0122] Example 2

[0123] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the unit structure and working principle of another double-selection pulse sorting device in the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the light output section W of the pulser 6 and the light powder outlet 4 in the sorting unit are vertically upward; the advantage of this embodiment is that the working area of ​​the light powder separation section E can be arbitrarily increased, which can effectively increase the proportion of light powder in the obtained powder; the working method and use of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.

[0124] Example 3

[0125] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the unit structure and working principle of a single-selection pulse sorting device in the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in the sorting unit, there is only one output section C after the pulser 6 separation section B, and there is no light powder separation section E in the pulser 6. The pulser 6 belongs to a single-selection configuration; another difference is that a guide member 11 is added between the conveying section A and the separation section B of the sorter 6.

[0126] In this embodiment, the working flow rate of the output section C is equal to or greater than the critical flow rate u2 of the fluid in this section, and the powder in the fluid after separation section B will not accumulate and be retained at the bottom of the output section C and can pass continuously; the main function of the output section C is also to convey the fluid, and the output port 5 is connected to the subsequent pulse sorting unit or the conveying pipe; the fluid output by the output port 5 is processed according to the powder structure and sorting process requirements therein.

[0127] In the method described in the present invention, when the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section B of the sorting unit increases, a hysteresis zone D will be generated for the fluid flow, resulting in obvious differences in the flow velocity distribution at different positions on the cross section of the separation section B, affecting the sorting effect; to address this phenomenon, this embodiment adds a flow guide 11 between the conveying section A and the separation section B of the sorter 6, and the flow velocity distribution at various positions on the cross section of the separation section B is uniform through the flow guidance, which can effectively eliminate the hysteresis zone D in the fluid flow; the working method of this embodiment is the same as that of Example 1, and is mainly used for sorting heavy powders.

[0128] Example 4

[0129] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the unit structure and working principle of another single-selection pulse sorting device in the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the light output section W outlet and the medium powder output section Z outlet of the pulser 6 are merged into one, and the output section C of the pulser 6 is also formed by the above merger, but the pulser 6 belongs to a single-selection configuration; this embodiment retains the light powder separation section E and part of the light output section W and part of the medium powder output section Z in embodiment 1, and at the same time, a stratified baffle 12 is naturally formed in the medium powder output section Z and the light output section W, which has the advantage of promoting the relative stratification of heavy powder and light powder of the fluid transported by the output section C, and can effectively improve the sorting efficiency of heavy powder in the next-level sorting unit; the working method of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and the purpose is the same as that of embodiment 3.

[0130] Example 5

[0131] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic structural cross-sectional view of a unit of another single-selection pulse sorting device in the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the flow limiting valve 16 disposed at the bottom of the collecting and transporting box 7 is connected to a guide pipe 15, and a buffer tank 14 is disposed at the bottom of the guide pipe 15 for temporarily storing the sorted powder.

[0132] In this embodiment, the separated heavy powder flows along with the fluid and directly into the buffer tank 14 at the bottom through the guide pipe 15; the feature of this embodiment is that it is convenient for on-site inspection and sampling of the separated and separated powder at any time, and its purpose is the same as that of embodiment 3.

[0133] Example 6

[0134] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 The single-selection pulse sorting device shown in this embodiment is composed of sorting units L1 and L2 connected end to end, and the configuration of the sorting units is the same as that of embodiment 3.

[0135] In this embodiment, the output section C1 of the sorting unit L1 and the conveying section A2 of the sorting unit L1 share a working section (C1 / A2); this configuration shortens the distance of fluid flow, thereby reducing the energy consumption required for fluid flow and reducing the volume of the sorting device. This method is more effective in a multi-pulse sorting device. The working method, purpose, and functions of each interface of this embodiment are the same as those of Example 3.

[0136] Example 7

[0137] See also Figure 7 , Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the structure of a double-selection multi-pulse sorting device in the present invention. The sorting unit configuration in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 2. By adopting the combination method of Example 6, a double-selection multi-pulse sorting device is formed by sorting units L1, L2, L3...Ln and the corresponding functional settings of each unit; the pulser 6 adopts an integral configuration, and the outlet of the light output section W of each sorting unit is equipped with a limiting flow valve 16, and then connected to the upper discharge pipe 13, and all the fluids diverted from the light output section W share a light powder outlet 4; the outlet of each sorting unit collecting box 7 is also equipped with a limiting flow valve 16, and the other end of the valve is connected to the lower discharge pipe 9, and all the fluids flowing out of the collecting box 7 share a heavy powder outlet 2.

[0138] In this embodiment, the working principle and control method of each sorting unit are the same as those described in Example 1.

[0139] During operation, the heavy powder in the incoming fluid will be distributed at various positions of the cross-section after entering the separation section B of the sorting unit L1, and will fall downward while moving forward with the flow of the fluid. The heavy powder in the upper layer that has not fallen to the bottom bed surface of the separation section B will flow to the separation sections of the sorting units L2, L3...Ln with the carrier, and these powders will continue to move to the lower layer, then to the lower layer, and then to the lower layer again... until they fall to the bottom bed surface of the separation section and are sorted and separated; the sorted heavy powders are all collected into the lower discharge pipe 9 through the discharge ports of each collecting box 7, and then recovered from the heavy powder outlet 2.

[0140] During the separation or sorting of heavy powder, the yield of light powder will also increase synchronously with the increasing number of sorting units. The sorted and separated light powder is collected into the upper discharge pipe 13 through the light output section W of each sorting unit, and then recovered from the light powder outlet 4.

[0141] In this device, since a certain amount of carrier needs to be diverted to separate light powders, the fluid flow processed by the latter sorting unit is only the medium powder flow of the previous sorting unit, and so on; that is, in this double-selection multi-pulse sorting device, as the number of sorting units increases, the medium powder flow output by each sorting unit is decreasing until the medium powder flow is completely sorted or processed according to the powder structure ratio.

[0142] This double-selection multi-pulse sorting device can sort light and heavy powders simultaneously with high sorting efficiency. It is mainly used for powder classification and sorting and various powder particle size classification and sorting, including wet selection and dry selection. It can also be directly used as an independent process section in mineral processing production, such as primary selection process section, secondary selection process section, fine selection process section, scavenging process section, particle size classification process section, etc.

[0143] Example 8

[0144] See also Figure 8 , Figure 8 These are two line flow chart symbols for creating a powder pulse sorting device according to the present invention: in this symbol, the meanings of the numbers and arrow markings are the same as those in the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 7: the direction of the arrow represents the source and destination of the fluid; 1 represents the fluid inlet and the source of the selected fluid; 2 represents the heavy powder outlet and the fluid destination; 3 represents the medium powder outlet and the fluid destination; 4 represents the light powder outlet and the fluid destination; 5 represents the output port and the fluid destination of the fluid after sorting by the single-selection pulse sorting device; in the application of this symbol, the numbers representing the source and destination of the fluid can be omitted; L represents the number of sorting units, or the number of pulses of the fluid flow rate. When L is equal to 1 or omitted, the symbol represents a pulse sorting device with only one sorting unit.

[0145] Figure (a) in the figure represents a double-selection pulse sorting device; Figure (b) in the figure represents a single-selection pulse sorting device.

[0146] Example 9

[0147] See also Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 It is a mineral processing process and flow chart constructed by the powder pulse sorting method described in the present invention. The flow chart shown in this embodiment is drawn using the linear flow chart symbols described in Example 8. The mineral processing process shown in the flow chart is to use the powder with high density in the original ore as the mineral, and to achieve the sorting of the mineral by sorting the heavy powder; the process simultaneously uses two pulse sorting devices, double sorting and single sorting. The number of sorting units (L value) of the device used is determined according to the ore structure and grade, and the working flow rate used for sorting uses experimental data or speed reduction debugging data; the process consists of grinding, powder particle size classification, roughing, concentrating, fine particle sorting and scavenging processes, and the specific process is as follows:

[0148] (I) Ore grinding and preparation of selected fluid: Ore grinding is used to separate minerals from gangue. In the wet sorting process, the ore is ground by wet method, and the powder is prepared into the selected fluid with water as carrier. In the dry sorting process, the ore is dried and ground without water, and the powder is prepared into the selected fluid with air as carrier. The prepared fluids are all two-phase fluids, which are sent to particle size classification and sorting after homogenization.

[0149] (ii) Powder particle size classification and sorting: The selected fluid is sent into a double-selection multi-pulse sorting device described in the present invention at a flow rate required by the process for particle size classification and sorting; in this process, the coarse-grained powder corresponds to the heavy powder, which is also the powder in which the mineral and the gangue are not completely dissociated. After being sorted, it is separated from the heavy powder outlet 2 of the sorting device with the carrier, and then returned to the grinding device. After the mineral is completely dissociated by re-grinding, it is sorted according to the process; the medium-grained powder corresponds to the medium-grained powder described in the present invention, which is relatively higher-grade light powder and is also the powder with the largest proportion and is easy to select. After being sorted, it is separated from the medium powder outlet 3 of the sorting device with the carrier, and then directly sent to the subsequent device for coarse selection; the fine-grained powder corresponds to the light powder, which also contains extremely fine mineral powder. After being sorted, it is separated from the light powder outlet 4 of the sorting device with the carrier, and then directly sent to the subsequent device for fine-grained sorting.

[0150] (III) Roughing and fine powder sorting: Roughing is a sorting process with the main purpose of mineral powder recovery rate. In this embodiment, the fluid to be sorted after powder particle size classification is directly divided into two paths:

[0151] (1) Rough selection of medium-grained powder: The medium-grained fluid from the powder particle size classification and sorting process section is sent to a double-selection multi-pulse sorting device described in the present invention for sorting at a flow rate required by the process; the coarse concentrate obtained by rough selection corresponds to heavy powder, which is separated from the heavy powder outlet 2 of the device along with the carrier after sorting, and then sent to the fine selection; the coarse medium ore fluid after rough selection is medium powder fluid, which is easy to entrain missed mineral powder. Therefore, the coarse medium ore fluid separated from the medium powder outlet 3 of the sorting device is directly sent to the subsequent scavenging process; the coarse tailings obtained by rough selection are light powder, which are separated from the light powder outlet 4 along with the carrier, and its fluid is directly incorporated into the tailings pipeline, and the light powder contained is treated as tailings.

[0152] (2) Fine-grained powder sorting: The fine-grained fluid from the light powder outlet 4 of the powder particle size grading and sorting device is sent to a single-selection multi-pulse sorting device described in the present invention for sorting at a flow rate required by the process; the single-selection multi-pulse sorting device is selected in this process because the mineral grade in the fine-grained fluid is relatively low, and the mineral (relatively heavy powder) therein loses its value for re-selection after sorting. Therefore, the fluid after fine-grained fluid sorting is all separated from the sorting device output port 5, and then directly connected to the tailings pipeline, and the powder contained is treated as tailings; the minerals sorted out by fine particles are relatively heavy powders, which are separated and recovered from the heavy powder outlet 2 of the device to complete the fine-grained powder sorting; when the grade of fine-grained concentrate does not meet the mineral processing requirements, its fluid can be incorporated into the concentration process, or a further fine-grained concentrate concentration process can be added.

[0153] (IV) Concentration: The coarse concentrate fluid from the roughing selection and the scavenged concentrate fluid obtained by scavenging are combined and sent to a double-selection multi-pulse sorting device of the present invention for concentration at a flow rate required by the process; the concentrate fluid separated from the concentration has a relatively high mineral grade, and is generally recycled by adding a fine scavenging process; in this embodiment, the concentrate fluid separated from the powder outlet 3 of the device after concentration is sent to the scavenging process by reflux; the concentrated tailings separated after concentration are light powders, which are separated from the light powder outlet 4 of the device along with the carrier, and the fluid is directly incorporated into the tailings pipeline, and the powder contained is treated as tailings; the concentrate obtained after selection is separated and recovered from the heavy powder outlet 2 of the device along with the carrier, and the two phases are further separated to obtain the concentrate.

[0154] (V) Scavenging: The coarse medium ore fluid from the roughing selection and the fine medium ore fluid from the concentrating selection are combined, and then sent to a single-selection multi-pulse sorting device of the present invention for scavenging at a flow rate required by the process; the scavenged concentrate obtained by the scavenging is separated and recovered from the heavy powder outlet 2 of the device along with the carrier, and then sent to the concentrating device for re-selection; after the scavenging, the fluid is separated from the output port 5 and directly incorporated into the tailings pipeline, and the powder contained is treated as tailings.

[0155] In this embodiment, the speed reduction debugging data mentioned above refers to the working flow rate of the separation section of the sorting unit of the sorting device being gradually adjusted from high to low, and then sampling and testing the proportion of the separated heavy powder. The flow rate corresponding to the proportion meeting the process requirements is the working flow rate of the device;

[0156] In this embodiment, when the working pressure of the fluid and the working pressure of the sorting device are both met, the concentrate grade and recovery rate can be further improved by selecting a device with more sorting units; the process flow described in this embodiment is suitable for sorting various minerals whose mineral density is greater than that of non-minerals, and both wet sorting and dry sorting processes can be used.

[0157] Example 10

[0158] See also Fig.10 , Fig.10 The present invention is a mineral roughing process and flow chart constructed by combining the powder pulse sorting method and flotation technology method described in the present invention. In this embodiment, the ore is ground by wet method, and the powder is mixed with water to prepare the fluid; the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 9 is that the medium-sized fluid after particle size classification is sent to the flotation device for roughing; due to the effect of the reagent in the flotation process, the flotation process does not have an advantage in sorting the ultra-fine particle powder, so this process retains the pulse sorting process used for the ultra-fine particle powder in embodiment 9.

[0159] The advantage of this embodiment is that it overcomes the technical obstacles caused by coarse particle settling tanks and ultra-fine particle powder agglomeration in the flotation process, and can maximize the efficiency of the flotation process; this embodiment is mainly used in the pre-process of mineral flotation, and can effectively improve the production capacity and efficiency of the original flotation production equipment.

[0160] Embodiment 11

[0161] See also Fig.11 , Fig.11 This is a process flow chart for recovering minerals in a tailings conveying pipeline using the powder pulse sorting device described in the present invention. The process flow shown in this embodiment is constructed by directly connecting a single-selection multi-pulse sorting device in series in a tailings conveying pipeline; in this embodiment, the flow rate of the fluid from the tailings conveying pipeline must be greater than the critical flow rate. As long as the pulse sorting device used for sorting, the conveying section A and the output section C of each sorting unit thereof are equal to or greater than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the tailings conveying pipeline, the minerals in the tailings conveying pipeline can be sorted without requiring additional energy consumption, and the pipe resistance of the original conveying pipeline will not be increased; the sorted minerals are separated by flowing out through the heavy powder outlet 2, and returned to the original production system, or are selected on site to achieve mineral recovery.

[0162] This embodiment utilizes the original working pressure and flow rate during the tailings fluid transportation process, and can be installed and applied in fluid transportation pipelines after various powder sorting to recover the heavy or light mineral powders entrained therein.

[0163] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and there are many combinations and variations. Any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made according to the technical methods and embodiments of the present invention should be considered to belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A powder pulse sorting method, characterized in that: The powder in the two-phase fluid is separated by the pulse change of the fluid above and below its critical flow rate; the critical flow rate refers to the fluid flow rate corresponding to the powder in the two-phase fluid falling from the suspended state to the bottom under the action of gravity and sliding, rolling or jumping on the bottom bed surface with the fluid, or the minimum conveying flow rate corresponding to the two-phase fluid; the pulse change refers to the change of the flow rate of the fluid unchanged and the change of the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid flow to form the up and down change of its flow rate; specifically, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Use air or water as a carrier, and then homogeneously mix it with the selected powder to prepare a two-phase fluid, and regard the powder with a large relative density or a large mass as heavy powder, and regard the powder with a small relative density or a small mass as light powder; Step 2, sending the prepared two-phase fluid at a stable flow rate and conveying flow rate into a powder pulse sorting device that allows the flow rate to undergo at least one pulse change, and each pulse change process of the flow rate corresponds to the conveying flow rate, the separation flow rate and the output flow rate in sequence; The delivery flow rate is equal to or greater than the critical flow rate of the selected fluid; The separation flow rate refers to the flow rate that is equal to the critical flow rate corresponding to the non-selected light powder in the fluid during the process of sorting heavy powders, and the flow rate that is equal to the critical flow rate corresponding to the light powder to be sorted during the process of sorting light powders; The output flow rate is equal to or greater than the critical flow rate corresponding to the remaining powder in the fluid after sorting; Step 3: When the fluid flows through the powder pulse sorting device at a position where the fluid is in a separation flow rate state, the powder to be sorted is recovered: (i) The heavy powder to be sorted is recovered on the bottom bed of the powder pulse sorting device corresponding to the separation flow rate, and the carrier and the powder are further separated by a conventional two-phase separation method to obtain the heavy powder in the selected fluid, thereby achieving the sorting of the heavy powder; (ii) The light powder to be sorted is separated with the carrier at the upper part or top of the powder pulse sorting device corresponding to the separation flow rate, and the carrier and the powder are further separated by a conventional two-phase separation method to obtain the light powder in the selected fluid, thereby achieving the sorting of the light powder; Step 4: After the sorting, the fluid flows out of the powder pulse sorting device through the remaining flow rate to reach the output flow rate, ending the sorting, or re-sending to step 3 or step 2, so as to achieve the sorting of the powder in the process of multi-pulse flow rate change; The above method is used in conjunction with flotation, magnetic separation, gravity separation, electrostatic separation, chemical separation, screening and bacterial separation to construct a new circulation process to achieve the separation of various difficult-to-separate powders.

2. A powder pulse separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow rate can undergo at least one pulse change, which is achieved by changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid flow.

3. A powder pulse sorting device, characterized in that: It comprises at least one single-selection pulse sorting unit or double-selection pulse sorting unit composed of a pulser (6) and a collecting box (7), and also comprises an upper discharge pipe (13), a lower discharge pipe (9), a buffer tank (14), a guide pipe (15), a flow limiting valve (16), a bracket (8), a flow guiding member (11) and a layered baffle (12); the upper opening or the open opening of the collecting box (7) is correspondingly connected to the powder separation outlet uniformly distributed on the bottom bed surface of the separation section B of the pulser (6); the bottom discharge port of the collecting box (7) is connected to the lower discharge pipe (9) or the guide pipe (15); the flow limiting valve (16) is arranged between the bottom discharge port of the collecting box (7) and the discharge pipe (9) or the guide pipe (15), and they are connected to each other; the upper discharge pipe (13) is connected to the outlet of the light output section W of the pulser (6) of the double-selection pulse sorting unit; the fulcrum of the bracket (8) is fixedly connected to the supporting force-bearing part on the main body of the sorting device; The single-selection pulse sorting unit refers to a pulser (6) used in the sorting device, which is a pulser of single-selection configuration; The double-selection pulse sorting unit refers to a pulser (6) used in the sorting device, which is a double-selection pulser.

4. A powder pulse sorting device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The light powder outlet of the pulser (6) in the double-selection pulse sorting unit is connected to the light output section W, or is an integral structure with the light output section W, and the outlet of the light output section W is connected to the upper discharge pipe (13).

5. A powder pulse sorting device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The single-selection pulser at least comprises a pulse unit which is connected in sequence by a conveying section A, a separation section B and an output section C. The bottom bed surface of the separation section B is evenly distributed with powder separation outlets. The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section B is larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the connected conveying section A, and is also larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the connected output section C. In the single-selection pulser, due to the limitation of the flow cross-sectional area, the pulse change of the flow velocity of the fluid when passing through the separation section B corresponds to only one amplitude, and the separation object is the heavy powder in the fluid.

6. A powder pulse sorting device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The dual-selection pulser comprises at least one pulse unit consisting of a conveying section A, a separation section B, a light powder separation section E, a medium powder output section Z and a light output section W. The heavy powder separation outlet is arranged on the bottom bed surface of the separation section B, and the light powder separation outlet is arranged on the uppermost end or the top of the light separation section E. The bottom of the light powder separation section E is an inclined surface structure; wherein the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the separation section B is larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the connected conveying section A, and is also larger than the sum of the flow cross-sectional areas of the connected medium powder output section Z and the light output section W, and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the light powder separation section E is larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the connected light output section W; In each of the above working sections, the conveying section A is connected through the separation section B, the separation section B is connected through the light separation section E and the medium powder output section Z, and the light powder separation outlet of the light separation section E is connected through the light output section W; In the double-selection pulser, limited by the flow cross-sectional area, the pulse change of the flow velocity of the fluid when passing through the two separation sections corresponds to two amplitudes, which can simultaneously separate the heavy powder and light powder in the fluid.

7. A powder pulse sorting device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The pulse sorting units L in the same device are connected end to end, or adopt an integral structure; The head and tail refer to the conveying section A of the pulser (6) as the head, and the output section C and the medium powder output section Z as the tail, that is, the conveying section A of the next sorting unit L is connected to the output section C or the medium powder output section Z of the previous sorting unit L, or the conveying section A of the next sorting unit L replaces the output section C or the medium powder output section Z of the previous sorting unit L.

8. A powder pulse sorting device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The collecting box (7) is of a hollow cylindrical or inverted cone configuration, with a discharge port arranged at the bottom; a carrier inlet K1 is arranged on the side of the collecting box (7); and a monitoring interface P2 is arranged on the collecting box (7).

9. A powder pulse sorting device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The pulser (6) is provided with a flow guide (11) in front of the inner cavity of the separation section B.

10. A powder pulse separation device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The pulser (6) in the double-selection pulse sorting unit is provided with a layered baffle (12), and the outlet of the medium powder output section Z and the outlet of the light powder output section W are simultaneously merged. After the merging, the double-selection pulser is used as a single-selection pulser.

Images