A solid-phase additive manufacturing method for metal laminate composite materials

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and discloses a solid-phase additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method for metal laminated composite materials. The solid-phase additive manufacturing device for metal laminated composite materials includes a feeding device, an ultrasonic additive device, and a stir friction deposition device. Along the running direction, the feeding device is arranged upstream of the ultrasonic additive device, and the ultrasonic additive device is arranged upstream of the stir friction deposition device; the feeding device is used to lay foil. The ultrasonic additive manufacturing and stir friction deposition manufacturing methods are combined, and the stir friction deposition device is used to add a low-melting-point alloy layer, and then the ultrasonic additive device is used to add a high-melting-point alloy to the low-melting-point alloy layer, and the cycle is repeated to obtain a laminated composite material. This method not only improves the additive efficiency of the laminated composite material, but also has excellent forming quality and mechanical properties of the obtained laminated composite material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a solid-phase additive manufacturing device and a manufacturing method for a metal laminate composite material. Background Art

[0002] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the continuous development of modern industry, composite materials are increasingly favored in fields such as shipbuilding, transportation, and aerospace, in order to meet requirements such as lightweighting, cost reduction, and multi-operational operation. Additive manufacturing technology is one method for preparing composite materials. It not only improves material utilization and production efficiency, but also facilitates the production of complex and specialized components.

[0004] Metal additive manufacturing is divided into melting additive manufacturing and solid-phase additive manufacturing based on how the material melts during processing. Melting additive technology involves heating and melting the additive material before 3D printing, which has the advantages of high efficiency and the ability to produce complex parts. However, due to differences in the physical and chemical properties of dissimilar materials, composite materials are prone to defects during the preparation process, such as porosity, lack of fusion, and thermal cracks. Compared with melting additive manufacturing, solid-phase additive manufacturing does not involve melting and solidification of the metal, only plastic deformation of the metal occurs, which can greatly reduce the above-mentioned defects. Ultrasonic additive manufacturing and stir friction deposition additive manufacturing are both solid-phase additive manufacturing technologies.

[0005] Ultrasonic additive manufacturing utilizes the high-frequency vibrations of ultrasound, combined with pressure, which generates heat through friction, causing atoms in the materials to bond and diffuse, thus achieving additive processing. Ultrasonic additive manufacturing operates at low temperatures and reduces residual stress after processing. However, the raw material used is metal foil, resulting in low additive efficiency and impracticality for mass production of components.

[0006] Friction stir deposition (FSD) involves adding powdered or rod-shaped metal materials as raw materials to a hollow rotating tool at a defined rotational speed. The tool shoulder rotates along with the material, generating frictional heat with the substrate. This frictional heat causes the material to plastically deform. Through this plastic deformation, the material is added layer by layer until the final shape is achieved. Its greatest advantage is the ability to use powdered or rod-shaped materials and achieve uniform microstructure and properties. However, when preparing composite materials from dissimilar materials, achieving effective and strong interfacial bonding is difficult due to the significant differences in their physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, it is difficult to FSD a layer of a high-melting-point metal on top of a layer of a low-melting-point metal. For example, in the preparation of aluminum-titanium composites, because the melting point of titanium alloys is much higher than that of aluminum alloys, frictional heat can cause the aluminum alloy to melt when the titanium alloy is added to the aluminum alloy layer, making it prone to additive defects. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid-phase additive manufacturing device and a manufacturing method for metal laminate composite materials, so as to prepare metal laminate composite materials with good performance.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a solid-phase additive manufacturing device for metal laminate composite materials, comprising a feeding device, an ultrasonic additive device and a stir friction deposition device. Along the running direction, the feeding device is arranged upstream of the ultrasonic additive device, and the ultrasonic additive device is arranged upstream of the stir friction deposition device; the feeding device is used for laying foil.

[0010] Metal laminated composites are made by stacking two or more metals through a specific process. This type of material not only has the excellent properties of each component metal, such as high strength, good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, but also improves the overall corrosion resistance, wear resistance and fatigue resistance through the interaction of the metals.

[0011] Because the different metal types used to make metal laminate composites vary greatly in properties, especially melting points, the friction stir deposition (FSD) additive manufacturing technique alone is difficult to use for producing metal laminate composites with such widely varying melting points. Ultrasonic additive manufacturing, which uses metal foil as raw material, has low additive efficiency and cannot achieve large-scale component manufacturing.

[0012] The present invention adopts the stir friction deposition of metal with a small melting point, which can effectively prevent the melting of the metal and thus effectively avoid the generation of additive defects; the use of metal foil with a large melting point in ultrasonic additive not only has the advantages of less processing waste and high product qualification rate, but also in the ultrasonic additive process, the stir friction deposited metal layer can be modified to improve the quality of the stir friction deposited metal layer, and can form an effective bond between two metal layers with a large difference in melting points, thereby improving the quality and performance of metal laminate composite materials.

[0013] In addition, the inventors found that if the temperature of the metal is low during the ultrasonic additive process, it will affect the composite strength of the metal interface to a certain extent, which is not conducive to improving the performance of the metal laminate composite material. In the present invention, a lot of heat will be generated during the friction stir deposition process, and the metal is a good conductor of heat, which will transfer part of the heat to the ultrasonic additive area. Preheating the ultrasonic additive area can promote the interface metallurgical reaction in the ultrasonic additive area and improve the interface strength. Moreover, the acoustic softening effect of the ultrasonic tool head can reduce the deformation resistance during the material flow process and reduce the friction stir additive load. Therefore, the friction stir deposition additive and the ultrasonic additive are carried out simultaneously, and the synergistic effect between the two jointly promotes the additive efficiency of the laminate material, and effectively improves the mechanical properties of the prepared metal laminate composite material.

[0014] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device are both mounted on the same bracket, and a distance adjustment mechanism is provided between the two devices.

[0015] During the additive process, there is a certain synergistic effect between ultrasonic and friction stir additives. The distance between the two devices affects the preheating effect of the friction stir additive on the ultrasonic additive, as well as the additive efficiency of the ultrasonic additive on the friction stir additive. Therefore, a distance adjustment mechanism is required between the two devices to ensure optimal working efficiency and the mechanical properties of the prepared metal laminate composite.

[0016] Regarding the distance between the ultrasonic additive device and the stir friction deposition device, when adding materials to alloy systems with large differences in melting points, a smaller distance is used to enhance the preheating effect of stir friction deposition on the ultrasonic additive; when adding materials to alloy systems with small differences in melting points, a larger distance can be used to increase the diameter of the ultrasonic tool head, increase the ultrasonic additive power, and achieve thicker ultrasonic additives.

[0017] Preferably, the distance adjustment mechanism is a lead screw and a motor, the ultrasonic additive device is mounted on a sliding nut of the lead screw, and the motor is connected to the lead screw.

[0018] The motor drives the lead screw to rotate, the lead screw drives the sliding nut to move, and the sliding nut drives the ultrasonic additive device to move, thereby adjusting the distance between the ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device.

[0019] In some embodiments, the feed device is a roughened roller driven by a second motor. The second motor controls the feed speed to be consistent with the travel speed of the ultrasonic additive device, thereby enabling simultaneous ultrasonic additive process during the friction stir additive process.

[0020] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic additive device is an ultrasonic tool head, whose vibration direction is perpendicular to the additive direction. Its cylindrical structure and working surface roughness increase the coefficient of friction between the ultrasonic tool head and the foil, promoting interfacial heat generation and bonding. The ultrasonic tool head can adjust the ultrasonic vibration amplitude and frequency by changing the transducer settings. Higher amplitudes and frequencies promote greater heat generation at the interface, promoting metallurgical bonding.

[0021] The ultrasonic tool head can be controlled by hydraulic pressure to adjust the downward pressure of the ultrasonic tool head. The working surface of the ultrasonic tool head has a large roughness, which can be square, circular or with grooves in a specific direction.

[0022] The ultrasonic additive device is fixed to the main shaft of the friction stir additive equipment and moves in coordination with the main shaft.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a solid-phase additive manufacturing method for a metal laminate composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0024] After the substrate is fixed, the surface is pretreated and then the additive layer is deposited on the substrate surface using the friction stir deposition method;

[0025] Ultrasonic additive manufacturing of a high-melting-point metal foil is performed above the additive layer, and simultaneously, friction stir deposition additive manufacturing is performed downstream of the ultrasonic additive manufacturing and above the metal foil additive layer;

[0026] The distance between the ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device is 5-200 mm;

[0027] Repeat the process until the last layer is added.

[0028] Additive manufacturing of composite materials can be completed by cutting the metal stack composite material from the substrate.

[0029] The purpose of depositing the additive layer on the substrate surface is first to preheat the substrate and second to differentiate the additive layer from the substrate.

[0030] The simultaneous use of ultrasonic additive manufacturing with metal foil is primarily due to the higher temperatures during friction stir deposition, which can provide a certain preheating effect, promoting metallurgical bonding at the interface during ultrasonic additive manufacturing, thereby increasing the bond strength between the ultrasonic additive layer and the friction stir deposition additive layer. The melting point of metal foil is often higher than that of the metal layer obtained by friction stir deposition. If friction stir additive manufacturing is used directly, it will cause the low-melting-point metal added to melt and an excessively thick intermetallic compound layer to form at the interface between the dissimilar metals, causing interfacial cracking.

[0031] The distance between the ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device can be kept relatively close, such as 10-50 mm, to improve ultrasonic energy utilization efficiency and preheating temperature. For example, in dissimilar material systems such as aluminum and titanium, where the melting points differ significantly.

[0032] The ultrasonic additive device can be kept at a greater distance (e.g., 150 mm) from the friction stir deposition device, allowing for increased ultrasonic tool head size and ultrasonic power, enabling the addition of thicker dissimilar materials. For example, in a dissimilar material system with a small difference in the melting points of aluminum and magnesium, the copper foil thickness can be increased to 0.3-0.5 mm.

[0033] In some embodiments, the thickness of the friction stir deposition additive layer is more than twice the thickness of the metal foil, and the melting point of the friction stir deposition layer is lower than that of the ultrasonic additive layer.

[0034] Preferably, the thickness of the metal foil is 0.05 mm to 2 mm.

[0035] The thickness of the additive layer required for stir friction deposition additive manufacturing is generally more than twice the thickness of the metal foil, and the stir friction deposition additive manufacturing and ultrasonic additive manufacturing are carried out simultaneously during the additive manufacturing process without the need for cooling.

[0036] In some embodiments, when performing friction stir deposition, the cross-section of the metal rod used is square or circular.

[0037] Preferably, reinforcement phase particles are distributed in the metal rod.

[0038] Preferably, the metal foil is made of titanium alloy, steel or copper alloy, and the metal material of the friction stir deposition additive is made of aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.

[0039] In some embodiments, the pretreatment is to polish the surface of the substrate to remove the surface oxide film, and then use acetone to clean the oil and impurities on the surface of the substrate.

[0040] By combining ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAAM) and friction stir deposition (FSD) manufacturing, a low-melting-point alloy layer is added using a FSD device, followed by an ultrasonic additive device to add a high-melting-point alloy onto the low-melting-point alloy layer. This process repeats over and over again to create a laminated composite material. This method not only improves the additive efficiency of the laminated composite material, but also produces a laminated composite material with excellent build quality and mechanical properties.

[0041] The beneficial effects achieved by one or more embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0042] 1. This invention utilizes friction stir deposition (FSD) additive manufacturing technology to manufacture components, allowing material deposition without melting. This enables the smooth deposition of materials that are difficult to 3D-manufacture using fusion-based manufacturing methods. Furthermore, compared to fusion-based additive manufacturing, materials produced using this method are less likely to exhibit defects such as pores and cracks, resulting in a denser structure and improved mechanical properties.

[0043] 2. This invention utilizes solid-phase additive manufacturing technology to manufacture components. Ultrasonic and friction stir additive processing uses low temperatures, resulting in low residual stress after processing and eliminating the need for annealing. Ultrasonic additive manufacturing also offers the advantages of low processing waste, high formability, and high product yield, reducing waste generation and conserving energy. Furthermore, it can effectively bond two metals with significant melting point differences, providing a new approach to the manufacture of laminated composite materials.

[0044] 3. When ultrasonic additive manufacturing is used to prepare titanium / aluminum heterogeneous composite structures, it is limited by the power limit of ultrasound and cannot achieve thicker aluminum layer additive manufacturing, resulting in extremely low additive efficiency. On the other hand, the low ultrasonic power leads to a low temperature at the interface, making it difficult to achieve rapid diffusion of atoms in a short period of time. The metallurgical bonding at the interface is weak, which weakens its stripping performance. Stir friction deposition composite ultrasonic additive manufacturing can provide a preheating effect for ultrasonic additive manufacturing, and the preheating temperature can exceed 200°C, which can effectively promote the metallurgical bonding of the interface and enhance the stripping performance. Therefore, stir friction deposition composite ultrasonic additive manufacturing is very suitable for the manufacture of heterogeneous metal composite materials, and can simultaneously improve mechanical properties and additive efficiency, especially for materials with large melting point differences such as titanium / aluminum.

[0045] In addition, the present invention is also applied to the preparation of other composite materials, such as composites of aluminum / copper, magnesium / copper, aluminum / composite materials and other dissimilar materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0047] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a solid-phase additive manufacturing device for a metal laminate composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of another side of the solid-phase additive manufacturing apparatus for a metal laminate composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 A top view of a solid-phase additive manufacturing apparatus for a metal laminate composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4A schematic perspective view of the solid-phase additive manufacturing process principle of a metal laminate composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 A side view showing the principle of a solid-phase additive manufacturing process for a metal laminate composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the completion of additive manufacturing of a laminated composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a metallographic diagram of the laminated composite material obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0054] In the figure, 1, substrate, 2, second motor, 3, ultrasonic transducer, 4, additive layer, 5, friction stir deposition device, 6, friction stir deposition spindle, 7, bracket, 8, first motor, 9, foil, 10, pressure roller, 11, screw, 12, ultrasonic tool head, 13, rod, 14, shoulder, 15, second metal layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0056] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a solid-phase additive manufacturing device for metal laminate composite materials includes a feeding device, an ultrasonic additive device and a stir friction deposition device 5. Along the running direction, the feeding device is arranged upstream of the ultrasonic additive device, and the ultrasonic additive device is arranged upstream of the stir friction deposition device 5; the feeding device is used to lay the foil 9.

[0059] The shoulder 14 of the friction stir deposition device 5 is a hollow structure for holding the rod 13. The additive layer 4 is obtained by friction stir deposition.

[0060] The ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device 5 are both mounted on the same bracket 7, with a distance adjustment mechanism provided between the two devices. The distance adjustment mechanism comprises a lead screw 11 and a first motor 8. The ultrasonic additive device is mounted on the sliding nut of the lead screw 11, and the first motor 8 is connected to the lead screw 11.

[0061] The feeding device is a roughened pressure roller 10 driven by the second motor 2. The second motor 2 controls the feeding speed to be consistent with the travel speed of the ultrasonic additive device, so that the ultrasonic additive process can also be carried out synchronously during the friction stir additive process.

[0062] The ultrasonic material-additive device is an ultrasonic tool head 12, which is equipped with an ultrasonic transducer 3. The working surface of the ultrasonic tool head 12 is roughened. The ultrasonic tool head 12 is cylindrical in structure and has a certain degree of roughness to increase the friction coefficient between the ultrasonic tool head 12 and the foil 9, promoting interfacial heat generation and bonding.

[0063] The ultrasonic additive device is fixed to the friction stir deposition spindle 6 and moves in coordination with the friction stir deposition spindle 6 .

[0064] Example 2

[0065] The substrate 1 and the rod 13 are made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, with dimensions of 200x40x5 mm respectively. 3 and 350x10x10mm 3 The thickness of the additive layer 4 is 1 mm. The foil 9 is made of TA1 titanium alloy, with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 20 mm. The stirring head is made of H13 tool steel, with a shoulder 14 of 20 mm in diameter and an inner hole size of 10x10 mm. 2 The additive component is 100x20x20mm 3 rectangular component.

[0066] The solid-phase additive manufacturing device for the metal laminate composite material of Example 1 is used, and the specific manufacturing method includes the following steps:

[0067] (1) Use sandpaper to polish the surface of substrate 1, remove the oxide film, and then use acetone to clean the oil and impurities on the surface of the plate. Then use a clamp to fix substrate 1 on the pad of the workbench;

[0068] (2) loading the rod 13 into the feeding device of the friction stir deposition device 5 and loading the foil 9 into the feeding device;

[0069] (3) Set the movement path of the stirring head, the rotation speed of 600 rpm, the additive speed of 280 mm / min, and the feeding speed of 24 mm / min on the operation interface of the friction stir deposition device 5. Set the movement path of the ultrasonic tool head 12 on the operation interface of the ultrasonic additive device, the pressure of the ultrasonic tool head 12 is 3.1 kN, and the amplitude is 25 μm. Set the speed of the feeding device to 280 mm / min. Adjust the X, Y, and Z axes of the stirring head and ultrasonic tool head 12 and move them to the corresponding position of the substrate 1;

[0070] (4) Start the friction stir deposition device 5, and after the stroke is completed, the stirring head is raised to obtain the additive layer 4;

[0071] (5) The feeding device is controlled to lay the foil 9 onto the additive layer 4, and then the ultrasonic additive device is started to add materials according to the set program, and the foil 9 is added to the additive layer 4, that is, the second metal layer 15.

[0072] To prevent interference between the devices, the ultrasonic additive device must be operated after the feeder has advanced a certain distance. Similarly, the ultrasonic tool head 12 must be advanced a certain distance before the friction stir deposition device 5 is operated. The distance between the feeder and the ultrasonic additive device is 3 mm; the distance between the ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device 5 is 20 mm.

[0073] The ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device 5 operate simultaneously.

[0074] (6) Repeat the above step (5) until a rectangular component is obtained. Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown.

[0075] (7) After the additive process is completed, wait for the component to cool to room temperature before taking it out and separate the substrate 1 and the additive layer 4 by wire cutting.

[0076] The microstructure of titanium / aluminum laminated composites is as follows Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the average tensile strength of the metallurgical bonding interface of titanium / aluminum is 360.1 MPa.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] The substrate 1 and the rod 13 are made of AZ31B magnesium alloy, and the dimensions are 200x40x5 mm respectively. 3 and 350x10x10 mm 3 The thickness of the additive layer 4 is 1 mm. The foil 9 is made of Q460 steel, with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 20 mm. The stirring head is made of H13 tool steel, with a shoulder 14 of 20 mm in diameter and an inner hole size of 10x10 mm. 2 The additive component is 100x20x20mm 3 rectangular component.

[0079] The solid-phase additive manufacturing device for the metal laminate composite material of Example 1 is used, and the specific manufacturing method includes the following steps:

[0080] (1) Use sandpaper to polish the surface of substrate 1, remove the oxide film, and then use acetone to clean the oil and impurities on the surface of the plate. Then use a clamp to fix substrate 1 on the pad of the workbench;

[0081] (2) loading the rod 13 into the feeding device of the friction stir deposition device 5 and loading the foil 9 into the feeding device;

[0082] (3) Set the movement path of the stirring head in the friction stir deposition device 5 operation interface, with a rotation speed of 400 rpm, an additive speed of 300 mm / min, and a feed speed of 60 mm / min. Set the movement path of the ultrasonic tool head 12 in the ultrasonic additive device operation interface, with a pressure of 3.1 kN and an amplitude of 35 μm. Set the feeder speed to 300 mm / min. Adjust the X, Y, and Z axes of the stirring head and ultrasonic tool head 12 and move them to the corresponding position on the substrate 1;

[0083] (4) Start the friction stir deposition device 5, and after the stroke is completed, the stirring head is raised to obtain the additive layer 4;

[0084] (5) Control the feeding device to lay the foil 9 onto the additive layer 4, then start the ultrasonic additive device, add material according to the set program, and add the foil 9 onto the additive layer 4. To prevent interference between the devices, it is necessary to wait for the feeding device to advance a certain distance before running the ultrasonic additive device. Similarly, wait for the ultrasonic tool head 12 to advance a certain distance before running the stir friction deposition device 5; the distance between the feeding device and the ultrasonic additive device is 5 mm; the distance between the ultrasonic additive device and the stir friction deposition device 5 is 15 mm;

[0085] The ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device 5 operate simultaneously.

[0086] (6) Repeat the above step (5), adding material layer by layer until a rectangular component is obtained.

[0087] (7) After the additive process is completed, wait for the component to cool to room temperature before taking it out and separate the substrate 1 and the additive layer 4 by wire cutting.

[0088] Mechanical properties tests were conducted on samples taken in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the additive layer 4. The tensile strength of the magnesium / steel laminated composite material reached 273.2 MPa, and the bending crack angle was 25°.

[0089] Example 4

[0090] The substrate 1 is made of 6061 aluminum alloy, and the rod 13 is made of 5% TiB2 particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, with dimensions of 200x40x5 mm. 3 and 350x15x15 mm 3 The thickness of the additive layer 4 is 1.5 mm. The foil 9 is made of TC4 titanium alloy, with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 30 mm. The material of the stirring head is H13 tool steel, the diameter of the shoulder 14 is 30 mm, and the inner hole size is 15x15 mm. 2The additive component is 100x20x20 mm 3 rectangular component.

[0091] The solid-phase additive manufacturing device for the metal laminate composite material of Example 1 is used, and the specific manufacturing method includes the following steps:

[0092] (1) Use sandpaper to polish the surface of substrate 1, remove the oxide film, and then use acetone to clean the oil and impurities on the surface of the plate. Then use a clamp to fix substrate 1 on the pad of the workbench;

[0093] (2) loading the rod 13 into the feeding device of the friction stir deposition device 5 and loading the foil 9 into the feeding device;

[0094] (3) Set the movement path of the stirring head, the rotation speed of 600 rpm, the additive speed of 150 mm / min, and the feeding speed of 30 mm / min on the operation interface of the friction stir deposition device 5. Set the movement path of the ultrasonic tool head 12 on the operation interface of the ultrasonic additive device, the pressure of the ultrasonic tool head 12 is 3.1 kN, and the amplitude is 30 μm. Set the speed of the feeding device to 150 mm / min. Adjust the X, Y, and Z axes of the stirring head and ultrasonic tool head 12 and move them to the corresponding position of the substrate 1;

[0095] (4) Start the friction stir deposition device 5, and after the stroke is completed, the stirring head is raised to obtain the additive layer 4;

[0096] (5) Control the feeding device to lay the foil 9 onto the additive layer 4, then start the ultrasonic additive device, add material according to the set program, and add the foil 9 onto the additive layer 4. To prevent interference between the devices, it is necessary to wait for the feeding device to advance a certain distance before running the ultrasonic additive device. Similarly, wait for the ultrasonic tool head 12 to advance a certain distance before running the stir friction deposition device 5; the distance between the feeding device and the ultrasonic additive device is 10 mm; the distance between the ultrasonic additive device and the stir friction deposition device 5 is 25 mm;

[0097] The ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device 5 operate simultaneously.

[0098] (6) Repeat the above step (5), adding material layer by layer until a rectangular component is obtained.

[0099] (7) After the additive process is completed, wait for the component to cool to room temperature before taking it out and separate the substrate 1 and the additive layer 4 by wire cutting.

[0100] The mechanical properties of the additive components were tested by sampling. The average tensile strength of the titanium / aluminum-based composite laminated components reached 386.5 MPa, and the average tensile strength of the heterogeneous interface reached 345.6 MPa.

[0101] Example 5

[0102] The substrate 1 and powder are made of WE43-T5 magnesium alloy. The size of the substrate 1 is 200x40x5 mm. 3 The thickness of the additive layer 4 is 1 mm. The foil 9 is made of 304 stainless steel, with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 20 mm. The stirring head is made of H13 tool steel, with a shoulder 14 of 20 mm in diameter and an inner hole size of 10x10 mm. 2 The additive component is 100x20x20mm 3 rectangular component.

[0103] The solid-phase additive manufacturing device for the metal laminate composite material of Example 1 is used, and the specific manufacturing method includes the following steps:

[0104] (1) Use sandpaper to polish the surface of substrate 1, remove the oxide film, and then use acetone to clean the oil and impurities on the surface of the plate. Then use a clamp to fix substrate 1 on the pad of the workbench;

[0105] (2) loading the powder into the feeding device of the friction stir deposition device 5 and loading the foil 9 into the feeding device;

[0106] (3) Set the movement path of the stirring head, the rotation speed of 300 rpm, the additive speed of 150 mm / min, and the feeding speed of 30 mm / min on the operation interface of the friction stir deposition device 5. Set the movement path of the ultrasonic tool head 12 on the operation interface of the ultrasonic additive device, the pressure of the ultrasonic tool head 12 to 3.1 kN, and the amplitude to 35 μm. Set the speed of the feeding device to 150 mm / min. Adjust the X, Y, and Z axes of the stirring head and ultrasonic tool head 12 and move them to the corresponding position of the substrate 1;

[0107] (4) Start the friction stir deposition device 5, and after the stroke is completed, the stirring head is raised to obtain the additive layer 4;

[0108] (5) Control the feeding device to lay the foil 9 onto the additive layer 4, then start the ultrasonic additive device, add material according to the set program, and add the foil 9 onto the additive layer 4. To prevent interference between the devices, it is necessary to wait for the feeding device to advance a certain distance before running the ultrasonic additive device. Similarly, wait for the ultrasonic tool head 12 to advance a certain distance before running the stir friction deposition device 5; the distance between the feeding device and the ultrasonic additive device is 6 mm; the distance between the ultrasonic additive device and the stir friction deposition device 5 is 40 mm;

[0109] The ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device 5 operate simultaneously.

[0110] (6) Repeat the above step (5), adding material layer by layer until a rectangular component is obtained.

[0111] (7) After the additive process is completed, wait for the component to cool to room temperature before taking it out and separate the substrate 1 and the additive layer 4 by wire cutting.

[0112] The laminated additive components were cut and tested for mechanical properties. The results showed that the magnesium / steel interface bonding strength could reach 186.5 MPa, and the average tensile strength of the components was 286.5 MPa.

[0113] Comparative Example 1

[0114] The difference from Example 2 is that in step (5), the friction stir deposition and ultrasonic deposition are performed separately, that is, after the ultrasonic deposition of the foil is completed, the friction stir deposition is performed on the rod. The deposition is performed layer by layer until a rectangular component is formed.

[0115] The average tensile strength of the metallurgical bonding interface of titanium / aluminum is 271.3 MPa.

[0116] Comparative Example 2

[0117] The difference from Example 2 is that in step (5), the friction stir deposition and ultrasonic deposition are performed separately, that is, after the ultrasonic deposition of the foil is completed, the friction stir deposition is performed on the rod. The deposition is performed layer by layer until a rectangular component is formed.

[0118] The tensile strength of the magnesium / steel laminated composite is 182.4 MPa and the bending crack angle is 12°.

[0119] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-phase additive manufacturing method for a metal laminate composite material, characterized by: The steps include: After the substrate is fixed, the surface is pretreated and then the additive layer is deposited on the substrate surface using the friction stir deposition method; Ultrasonic additive manufacturing of the metal foil is performed above the additive layer, and simultaneously, friction stir deposition additive manufacturing is performed downstream of the ultrasonic additive manufacturing and above the metal foil additive layer; the friction stir deposition layer has a lower melting point than the ultrasonic additive layer; The distance between the ultrasonic additive device and the friction stir deposition device is 5-200 mm; Repeat the process until the last layer is added. Additive manufacturing of composite materials can be completed by cutting the metal laminate composite material from the substrate; The method adopts a device including a feeding device, an ultrasonic material adding device and a stir friction deposition device. In the running direction, the feeding device is arranged upstream of the ultrasonic material adding device, and the ultrasonic material adding device is arranged upstream of the stir friction deposition device; the feeding device is used to lay the foil; The ultrasonic material adding device and the friction stir deposition device are both installed on the same bracket, and a distance adjustment mechanism is provided between the two devices.

2. The solid-phase additive manufacturing method of a metal laminate composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the additive layer is more than twice the thickness of the metal foil.

3. The solid-phase additive manufacturing method of a metal laminate composite material according to claim 2, wherein: The thickness of the metal foil is 0.05mm-2mm.

4. The solid-phase additive manufacturing method of a metal laminate composite material according to claim 1, wherein: The material of the metal foil is titanium alloy, steel or copper alloy, and the metal material of the friction stir deposition additive is aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.

5. The solid phase additive manufacturing method of a metal laminate composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment is to polish the surface of the substrate to remove the surface oxide film, and then use acetone to clean the oil and impurities on the surface of the substrate.

6. The solid phase additive manufacturing method of a metal laminate composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance adjustment mechanism comprises a lead screw and a motor, the ultrasonic material adding device is mounted on a sliding nut of the lead screw, and the motor is connected to the lead screw.

7. The solid phase additive manufacturing method of a metal laminate composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device is a rough-surfaced pressure roller driven by a second motor, and the feeding speed of the feeding device is consistent with the traveling speed of the friction stir deposition device.

8. The solid phase additive manufacturing method of a metal laminate composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic material adding device is an ultrasonic tool head, the vibration direction of the ultrasonic tool head is perpendicular to the material adding direction, and the working surface of the ultrasonic tool head is rough.

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