A bionic coral reef and its manufacturing method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bionic coral reef and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of porous ceramics. The raw materials for manufacturing the bionic coral reef include a first raw material and a second raw material. In the first raw material, calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes 30-45% of blast furnace slag, 10-30% of feldspar, 15-30% of tailings, 5-10% of glass powder, 5-10% of clay, and 5-10% of talcum powder; the second raw material includes a foaming agent, and the foaming agent accounts for 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the first raw material. The bionic coral reef of the present invention has the advantages of high through-hole rate, small dry specific gravity, and high water absorption rate, does not contain calcium carbonate, and can effectively solve the problem that existing bionic corals are easily eaten by fish.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of porous ceramics, and particularly relates to a bionic coral reef and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Coral is the outer shell secreted by coral polyps, and its chemical composition is mainly calcium carbonate. Coral is formed by the aggregation of the calcareous skeletons of millions of coral polyps, and its shape is mostly dendritic, with longitudinal stripes on it. Each single coral cross-section has concentric and radial stripes. Coral reefs have a complex three-dimensional spatial structure, forming countless caves and voids, providing a place for many marine animals to lay eggs, reproduce, and avoid enemies, which is beneficial to improving the biodiversity of the ocean. In addition, coral reefs are natural coastal barriers, which can dissipate wave energy, reduce coastal erosion, and protect subtropical coastlines. Coral reefs are also a key link in the material cycle and energy flow, which helps to improve the self-regulation ability of the marine environment.

[0003] Making bionic coral reefs to provide a shelter for marine microorganisms is a common method. However, the current bionic coral reefs still mainly use calcium carbonate as the material. For example, the invention patent with the publication number CN109169459A discloses an eco-friendly artificial mimetic coral reef body, which makes a bionic coral reef with an environmentally friendly unsaturated resin and adds calcium carbonate powder. The invention patent with the publication number CN114467806A discloses a cement coral sand mixed attachment base and its manufacturing and application methods, collecting coral sand and coral bone as pore-forming agents, and mixing portland cement and coral sand / coral bone to make a bionic coral reef. The bionic coral reef containing calcium carbonate will be eaten by Acanthaster planci, and after a period of time, the bionic coral reef will become ineffective and cannot effectively protect the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a bionic coral reef and a manufacturing method thereof, which have the advantages of high through-hole rate, small dry specific gravity, and high water absorption rate, do not contain calcium carbonate, and can effectively solve the problem that existing bionic corals are easily eaten.

[0005] To achieve the above invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In the first aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a bionic coral reef, and the raw materials for making the bionic coral reef include a first raw material and a second raw material;

[0007] In the first raw material, calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes 30-45% of blast furnace slag, 10-30% of feldspar, 15-30% of tailings, 5-10% of glass powder, 5-10% of clay, and 5-10% of talc powder;

[0008] The second raw material includes a foaming agent, and the foaming agent accounts for 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the first raw material.

[0009] Preferably, calculated by mass percentage of the components in the blast furnace slag, the content of silicon dioxide in the blast furnace slag is ≥30%, the content of aluminum oxide is ≥10%, and the content of calcium oxide is ≥30%.

[0010] Preferably, calculated by mass percentage of the components in the tailings, the content of silicon dioxide in the tailings is ≥60%, the content of aluminum oxide is ≥10%, the content of potassium oxide is ≥3%, and the content of sodium oxide is ≥2%.

[0011] More preferably, the tailings include perlite tailings.

[0012] Preferably, calculated by mass percentage of the components in the clay, the content of silicon dioxide in the clay is ≥40%, the content of aluminum oxide is ≥35%, the content of iron(III) oxide is ≥1%, and the content of titanium dioxide is ≥0.5%.

[0013] More preferably, the clay includes knotty clay.

[0014] Preferably, calculated by mass percentage of the components in the feldspar, the total content of potassium and sodium elements in the feldspar is ≥7% and the content of potassium is ≥3%.

[0015] More preferably, the feldspar includes potassium feldspar powder with a potassium content of ≥10%.

[0016] Preferably, the foaming agent includes silicon carbide.

[0017] In the second aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a method for manufacturing a bionic coral reef, as follows:

[0018] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to form a powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain a bionic coral reef;

[0019] Among them, the firing process is as follows: heat the raw material mixture to 600-650°C, and the heating time is 30-60 minutes; heat from 600-650°C to 890-910°C, and the heating time is 60-120 minutes; keep the temperature at 890-910°C for 120-180 minutes; heat from 890-910°C to 1040-1060°C, and the heating time is 120-210 minutes; keep the temperature at 1040-1060°C for 120-210 minutes; heat from 1040-1060°C to 1115-1135°C, and the heating time is 30-60 minutes; keep the temperature at 1115-1135°C for 10-50 minutes.

[0020] Beneficial effects:

[0021] The bionic coral reef prepared by the present invention has the advantages of high through-hole rate, low dry specific gravity and high water absorption rate. The low dry specific gravity is beneficial to transportation, and the high water absorption rate is beneficial to the bionic coral reef quickly absorbing water and sinking into the water, which is convenient for installation. The high through-hole rate is beneficial to underwater microorganisms to attach to the holes. The product prepared based on the raw materials of the present invention does not contain calcium carbonate and does not belong to the food of Acanthaster planci, which can effectively solve the problem that existing bionic corals are easily eaten, and is very suitable for use as a bionic coral reef. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will describe the specific implementation manners of the present invention. Obviously, the following descriptions are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other implementation manners can also be obtained based on these embodiments.

[0023] The present invention provides a bionic coral reef. The raw materials for making the bionic coral reef include a first raw material and a second raw material;

[0024] In the first raw material, calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes 30-45% of blast furnace slag, 10-30% of feldspar, 15-30% of tailings, 5-10% of glass powder, 5-10% of clay and 5-10% of talc powder; the second raw material includes a foaming agent, and the foaming agent accounts for 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the first raw material.

[0025] The bionic coral reef fired from the raw materials of the present invention has the advantages of low dry specific gravity and high water absorption rate. The proportion of through-hole bubbles in the bionic coral reef of the present invention is not less than 50%. The low dry specific gravity of the bionic coral reef is beneficial to transportation, and the high water absorption rate is beneficial to the bionic coral reef quickly absorbing water and sinking into the water (seabed), which is convenient for installation. The bionic coral reef prepared based on the raw materials of the present invention does not contain calcium carbonate and does not belong to the food of Acanthaster planci, which can effectively solve the problem that existing bionic corals are easily eaten.

[0026] In the present invention, the blast furnace slag can be solid waste formed by the gangue in the ore, the ash in the fuel and the non-volatile components in the solvent during the blast furnace ironmaking process. Preferably, calculated by mass percentage of the components in the blast furnace slag, the blast furnace slag selected in the present invention has a silicon dioxide content ≥30%, an aluminum oxide content ≥10%, and a calcium oxide ≥30%. Calcium oxide has the function of reducing the firing temperature in the raw material formula, and a suitable amount of calcium oxide is beneficial to the formation of a multi-through-hole structure.

[0027] In the present invention, in terms of mass percentage, the components in the tailings preferably have a silica content of ≥60%, an aluminum oxide content of ≥10%, a potassium oxide content of ≥3%, and a sodium oxide content of ≥2%. More preferably, perlite tailings are selected as the tailings. The perlite tailings can enhance the product function, making the product have the effect of being lightweight and high-strength. Moreover, the perlite tailings have a relatively high silicon content, which can improve the structure of the green body and make the raw material formula more stable.

[0028] In the present invention, clay refers to fine-grained natural soil materials containing clay minerals. In terms of mass percentage, the components in the clay preferably have a silica content of ≥40%, an aluminum oxide content of ≥35%, an iron oxide content of ≥1%, and a titanium dioxide content of ≥0.5%. For example, wood-joint clay (a clay rock mainly composed of kaolinite in the bituminous coal series strata, which is soft or semi-soft clay) is used as the clay.

[0029] In the present invention, in terms of mass percentage, the components in the feldspar preferably have a total potassium and sodium element content of ≥7% and a potassium content of ≥3%. For example, commercially available potassium feldspar powder with a potassium content of ≥10% and a particle size of ≤0.074 mm is selected.

[0030] In the present invention, commercially available glass powder can be selected as the glass powder. Preferably, glass powder with a particle size of ≤0.063 mm is used.

[0031] In the present invention, commercially available talc powder can be selected as the talc powder. For example, in terms of mass percentage, the components in the talc powder preferably have a silica content of ≥30%, a magnesium oxide content of ≥35%, and a calcium oxide content of ≥1%. In the present invention, raw talc powder is preferably used.

[0032] In the present invention, the foaming agent includes silicon carbide powder, such as commercially available silicon carbide powder with a particle size of ≤0.017 mm.

[0033] The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a bionic coral reef, as follows:

[0034] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball-mill and dry them to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain the bionic coral reef;

[0035] Among them, the firing process is as follows: the raw material mixture is heated to 600 - 650 °C with a heating time of 30 - 60 minutes; from 600 - 650 °C it is heated to 890 - 910 °C with a heating time of 60 - 120 minutes; it is held at 890 - 910 °C for 120 - 180 minutes; from 890 - 910 °C it is heated to 1040 - 1060 °C with a heating time of 120 - 210 minutes; it is held at 1040 - 1060 °C for 120 - 210 minutes; from 1040 - 1060 °C it is heated to 1115 - 1135 °C with a heating time of 30 - 60 minutes; it is held at 1115 - 1135 °C for 10 - 50 minutes.

[0036] Most preferably, the raw material mixture is heated to 600 °C with a heating time of 30 - 60 minutes; from 600 °C it is heated to 900 °C with a heating time of 60 - 120 minutes; it is held at 900 °C for 120 - 180 minutes; from 900 °C it is heated to 1050 °C with a heating time of 120 - 210 minutes; it is held at 1050 °C for 120 - 210 minutes; from 1050 °C it is heated to 1125 °C with a heating time of 30 - 60 minutes; it is held at 1125 °C for 10 - 50 minutes.

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be introduced in detail below with specific embodiments. Among them, calculated by mass percentage, the specific raw materials in the examples and comparative examples are:

[0038] Blast furnace slag: aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 11.49%, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), 34.33%, iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), 0.46%, calcium oxide (CaO), 39.93%, magnesium oxide (MgO), 8.87%, potassium oxide (K 2 O), 0.52%, sodium oxide (Na 2 O), 0.52%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), 1.46%, the loss on ignition is 1.14%, and the balance is impurities.

[0039] Potassium feldspar: aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 8.74%, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), 65.06%, iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), 0.12%, calcium oxide (CaO), 0.23%, magnesium oxide (MgO), 0.07%, potassium oxide (K 2 O), 12.41%, sodium oxide (Na 2 O), 2.66%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2), 0.01%, loss on ignition is 0.40%, and the balance is impurities.

[0040] Perlite tailings: Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 13.88%, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), 71.08%, iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), 1.13%, calcium oxide (CaO) 0.99%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.81%, potassium oxide (K 2 O), 4.43%, sodium oxide (Na 2 O), 2.77%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), 0.10%, loss on ignition is 4.37%, and the balance is impurities.

[0041] Glass powder: Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 2.11%, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), 72.07%, iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), 0.10%, calcium oxide (CaO) 5.26%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 2.99%, potassium oxide (K 2 O), 1.33%, sodium oxide (Na 2 O), 13.01%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), 0.06%, loss on ignition is 0.70%, and the balance is impurities.

[0042] Wood chip soil: Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 36.28%, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), 44.61%, iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), 1.10%, calcium oxide (CaO) 1.13%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.20%, potassium oxide (K 2 O), 0.52%, sodium oxide (Na 2 O), 0.65%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), 0.70%, loss on ignition is 14.50%, and the balance is impurities.

[0043] Talc powder: Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 1.92%, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), 34.08%, iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3), 0.43%, calcium oxide (CaO) 1.67%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 36.24%, potassium oxide (K 2 O) 0.26%, sodium oxide (Na 2 O) 0.14%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), 0.07%, loss on ignition is 25.14%, and the balance is impurities.

[0044] Feldspar: aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 19.74%, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), 69.67%, iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), 0.12%, calcium oxide (CaO) 0.43%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.09%, potassium oxide (K 2 O) 3.04%, sodium oxide (Na 2 O) 4.51%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), 0.01%, loss on ignition is 0.35%, and the balance is impurities.

[0045] Silica tailings: aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 11.34%, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), 81.15%, iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), 1.08%, calcium oxide (CaO) 0.41%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.06%, potassium oxide (K 2 O) 3.03%, sodium oxide (Na 2 O) 1.73%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), 0.03%, loss on ignition is 0.97%, and the balance is impurities.

[0046] Kaolin: aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 32.28%, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), 53.56%, iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), 0.27%, calcium oxide (CaO) 0.04%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.11%, potassium oxide (K 2 O) 1.01%, sodium oxide (Na 2 O) 0.62%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), 0.04%, loss on ignition is 11.65%, and the balance is impurities.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 30% blast furnace slag, 30% feldspar, 20% perlite tailings, 10% glass powder, 5% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0049] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain a bionic coral reef;

[0050] Among them, the firing process is as follows: heat the raw material mixture to 600 °C, and the heating time is 30 minutes; heat from 600 °C to 900 °C, and the heating time is 90 minutes; keep the temperature at 900 °C for 150 minutes; heat from 900 °C to 1050 °C, and the heating time is 150 minutes; keep the temperature at 1050 °C for 150 minutes; heat from 1050 °C to 1125 °C, and the heating time is 40 minutes; keep the temperature at 1125 °C for 20 minutes.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 30% blast furnace slag, 30% potassium feldspar, 20% perlite tailings, 10% glass powder, 5% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0053] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain a bionic coral reef. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 30% blast furnace slag, 25% feldspar, 25% perlite tailings, 8% glass powder, 7% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0056] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain a bionic coral reef. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 35% blast furnace slag, 30% feldspar, 18% perlite tailings, 6% glass powder, 6% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0059] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain a bionic coral reef. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0060] Example 5

[0061] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 40% blast furnace slag, 10% feldspar, 30% perlite tailings, 10% glass powder, 5% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0062] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain a bionic coral reef. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] In this comparative example, the amount of blast furnace slag used is insufficient.

[0065] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 15% blast furnace slag, 30% feldspar, 30% perlite tailings, 10% glass powder, 10% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0066] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain a product. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0067] Comparative Example 2

[0068] In this comparative example, the amount of blast furnace slag used is excessive.

[0069] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 55% blast furnace slag, 12% feldspar, 18% perlite tailings, 5% glass powder, 5% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0070] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain a product. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0071] Comparative Example 3

[0072] In this comparative example, the amount of perlite tailings used is excessive.

[0073] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 30% blast furnace slag, 10% feldspar, 45% perlite tailings, 5% glass powder, 5% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0074] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry them to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain the product. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 4

[0076] In this comparative example, no glass powder is added.

[0077] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 40% blast furnace slag, 30% feldspar, 20% perlite tailings, 5% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0078] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry them to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain the product. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0079] Comparative Example 5

[0080] In this comparative example, the dosage of glass powder is excessive.

[0081] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 30% blast furnace slag, 20% feldspar, 20% perlite tailings, 20% glass powder, 5% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0082] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry them to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain the product. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0083] Comparative Example 6

[0084] In this comparative example, the amount of perlite tailings is insufficient.

[0085] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 45% blast furnace slag, 30% feldspar, 5% perlite tailings, 10% glass powder, 5% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0086] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry them to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain the product. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0087] Comparative Example 7

[0088] In this comparative example, the amount of perlite tailings is insufficient, and an excessive amount of glass powder is used to replace part of the perlite tailings.

[0089] By mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 30% blast furnace slag, 30% feldspar, 5% perlite tailings, 25% glass powder, 5% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0090] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain the product. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0091] Comparative Example 8

[0092] In this comparative example, silica tailings are used instead of perlite tailings.

[0093] By mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 30% blast furnace slag, 30% feldspar, 20% silica tailings, 10% glass powder, 5% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0094] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain the product. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0095] Comparative Example 9

[0096] In this comparative example, the dosage of clay is excessive.

[0097] By mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 30% blast furnace slag, 20% feldspar, 20% perlite tailings, 10% glass powder, 15% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0098] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain the product. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0099] Comparative Example 10

[0100] In this comparative example, the dosage of clay is insufficient.

[0101] By mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 30% blast furnace slag, 30% feldspar, 23% perlite tailings, 10% glass powder, 2% knotty clay, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0102] Mix the first raw material and the second raw material, then ball mill and dry to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture, and then fire the raw material mixture to obtain the product. The firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0103] Comparative Example 11

[0104] In this comparative example, conventional kaolin is used instead of knotty soil.

[0105] Calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes: 30% blast furnace slag, 30% feldspar, 20% perlite tailings, 10% glass powder, 5% kaolin, 5% talc powder; the second raw material is a foaming agent, and the second raw material accounts for 0.2% of the first raw material.

[0106] The first raw material and the second raw material are mixed and then ball milled, and dried to make powder to obtain a raw material mixture. Then the raw material mixture is fired to obtain a product, and the firing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0107] Calculate the dry specific gravity and wet specific gravity of the bionic coral reefs prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-11, and test the pore size, water absorption rate and water seepage rate. Among them, the test methods are as follows:

[0108] Pore size test method: Cut off the epidermis of the bionic coral reef to make it flat, and use a vernier caliper to measure and record the values of the smallest complete pore and the largest complete pore with a complete cross-section respectively.

[0109] Water absorption rate test method: Make specimens according to the requirements in Chapter 4 of GB / T 3810.3-2006 "Test Methods for Ceramic Tiles - Part 3: Determination of Water Absorption, Apparent Porosity, Apparent Relative Density and Bulk Density". The specimen size should be larger than 100mm×100mm×80mm. Put the specimens into a vacuum container so that the specimens do not touch each other, add enough water to cover the specimens and be 5cm higher. Evacuate to 10kPa ±1kPa and keep it for 30min, then stop evacuating. Let the specimens soak for 15min and then take them out, place them on a suspended bracket, and use 0.8kg of compressed air to blow continuously at a distance of 10cm from the upper surface of the specimens for 3min, and then weigh and record immediately. Calculate the water absorption rate according to the method specified in 6.1 of GB / T 3810.3-2006.

[0110] Water seepage rate test method: Cut off the epidermis of the bionic coral reef to make it flat, use a dropper to transfer 1mL of water, and evenly drop it on the surface of the coral reef specimen. Observe the water seepage situation with the eyes. If it all seeps down within 5s, the water seepage rate is fast; if all the water seeps down between 6s and 20s, the water seepage rate is medium; if all the water seeps down after 21s - 60s, the water seepage rate is slow; if there is no obvious change in the water surface after 60s, it is judged that there is basically no water seepage.

[0111] The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0112]

[0113] According to the test results, the product prepared by the present invention has a small dry specific gravity when it has not absorbed water, which is convenient for transportation, and has a large water absorption rate and a fast water absorption speed. It can quickly absorb water and sink to the bottom during installation, and its multi-through-hole structure facilitates underwater microorganisms to attach to the holes. During the firing process, the calcium oxide in the formula reacts with the silicon dioxide to generate calcium silicate at the firing temperature of the present invention, and the firing temperature of the present invention will not cause thermal decomposition of calcium silicate. Calcium silicate is a substance that long-spined sea stars do not like to chew, and calcium silicate is non-toxic and insoluble in water. It is very suitable for use as a bionic coral reef and can exist for a long time.

[0114] Comparative Example 1 reduces the amount of blast furnace slag. Since calcium oxide in blast furnace slag has the effect of reducing the firing temperature of the formula, insufficient blast furnace slag leads to a high firing temperature. In the firing curve of the present invention, through holes cannot be effectively formed, resulting in a large dry specific gravity and low water absorption rate of the product. According to the data in Table 1, the wet specific gravity of the product of Comparative Example 1 after absorbing water is still smaller than the water density, and it cannot be used as a bionic coral reef.

[0115] Comparative Example 2 increases the amount of blast furnace slag and reduces the firing temperature of the formula. Within the firing curve of the present invention, the product will melt again after forming through holes and cause blockage, resulting in a decrease in the final water absorption rate of the product. According to the data in Table 1, the wet specific gravity of the product in Comparative Example 2 is too small and cannot be used as a bionic coral reef.

[0116] The present invention preferably uses perlite tailings, which have a high silicon content and can improve the green body structure and enhance the formula stability. However, glass powder cannot replace perlite tailings, as this will cause the through holes of the product to be clogged, and the product will lose the characteristics of multiple through holes and fast water absorption. Tailings with similar components or functions can also replace perlite tailings.

[0117] The silicon in glass powder has a different crystalline structure from that in feldspar or tailings, and the calcium oxide and sodium oxide contents therein are different, which results in a low firing temperature for glass powder and a higher firing temperature for feldspar or tailings relative to glass powder. The silicon in glass powder is an amorphous structure, with disordered atomic arrangement and lack of long-range order, resulting in low thermal stability; and the glass contains more calcium oxide and sodium oxide, which will destroy the original structure, resulting in a low overall firing temperature. The silicon dioxide in feldspar or perlite tailings is a crystalline structure, with orderly atomic arrangement, forming a stable three-dimensional network structure, and a lower calcium oxide content, resulting in a higher overall firing temperature.

[0118] Comparative Example 3 increased the dosage of perlite tailings. Silicon dioxide in perlite has a crystal structure with highly ordered atomic arrangement, forming a stable three-dimensional network structure that requires high energy to be destroyed. Moreover, the sodium oxide content in the entire formulation is low, and sodium oxide has a fluxing effect that can reduce the firing temperature of the formulation. A low sodium oxide content will lead to an increase in the firing temperature of the formulation, and through-holes cannot be effectively formed, which is similar to the situation of Comparative Example 1.

[0119] Comparative Example 4 omitted glass powder, which also resulted in a low sodium oxide content in the formulation. Without the help of a flux, the firing temperature of the formulation increased, which is similar to the situations of Comparative Example 1 and 3.

[0120] Comparative Example 5 significantly increased the dosage of glass powder. Contrary to the situation of Comparative Example 4, the contents of calcium oxide and sodium oxide in the formulation increased, which led to a decrease in the firing temperature of the formulation. Within the firing curve of the present invention, the through-holes of the product became blocked after being formed, resulting in a decrease in the final water absorption rate of the product. According to the data in Table 1, the wet specific gravity of the product in Comparative Example 5 was too small to be used as a bionic coral reef.

[0121] Comparative Example 6 decreased the dosage of perlite tailings, resulting in a decrease in the silicon dioxide content and an increase in the calcium oxide content in the formulation system, leading to a decrease in the firing temperature and blockage of the pores of the product, resulting in a decrease in the water absorption rate.

[0122] Comparative Example 7 increased the dosage of glass powder to replace part of the perlite tailings, which would lead to an increase in the glass phase during the firing process and strong fusibility of the formulation. Under the same firing regime, the most intuitive manifestation was a decrease in the firing temperature. In the case of the firing curve of the present invention, the pores of the product became blocked, resulting in a low water absorption rate.

[0123] Comparative Example 8 used silica tailings to replace perlite tailings. Since the silica content in silica tailings is relatively high and the contents of calcium oxide and sodium oxide are relatively low, the firing temperature of the formulation increased. Under the same firing curve, the pores were not opened in time, resulting in a low water absorption rate.

[0124] Comparative Example 9 increased the dosage of knotted clay, that is, the content of clay in the formulation was high, which made the fluidity of the formulation poor and was not conducive to production. Secondly, it increased the content of aluminum oxide in the formulation, directly leading to an increase in the firing temperature of the formulation. Under the same firing temperature condition, the pores were not fully opened, resulting in a low water absorption rate.

[0125] Comparative Example 10 reduced the dosage of knotted clay, and the content of clay in the formulation was low, which made the viscosity of the formulation poor and prone to sedimentation, resulting in instability of the formulation in actual production. Secondly, it decreased the content of aluminum oxide in the formulation, directly leading to a decrease in the firing temperature of the formulation, blocking the pores, and resulting in a low water absorption rate.

[0126] Comparative Example 11 uses kaolin replaced by knotty clay. In terms of composition, the iron, titanium, and calcium contents of kaolin are all less than those of knotty clay, and these components all help to reduce the firing temperature. The lack of them will result in a slightly higher firing temperature of the formula, incomplete opening of pores, and poor water absorption.

[0127] The above has elaborated in detail on the embodiments provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the core idea of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can still be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bionic coral reef, characterized in that: The raw materials for making the bionic coral reef are the first raw material and the second raw material; In the first raw material, calculated by mass percentage, the first raw material includes 30-45% of blast furnace slag, 10-30% of feldspar, 15-30% of tailings, 5-10% of glass powder, 5-10% of clay and 5-10% of talc; The second raw material is a foaming agent, which accounts for 0.2-0.6% of the mass of the first raw material; The components in the blast furnace slag are calculated by mass percentage, and the content of silicon dioxide in the blast furnace slag is ≥30%, the content of aluminum oxide is ≥10%, and the content of calcium oxide is ≥30%; Among them, the tailings are perlite tailings; Among them, clay is wood-section soil.

2. The bionic coral reef according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components in the tailings are calculated by mass percentage, with the silicon dioxide content ≥60%, the aluminum oxide content ≥10%, the potassium oxide content ≥3%, and the sodium oxide content ≥2%.

3. The bionic coral reef according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components in the clay are calculated by mass percentage, and the silicon dioxide content in the clay is ≥40%, the aluminum oxide content is ≥35%, the iron oxide content is ≥1%, and the titanium dioxide content is ≥0.5%.

4. The bionic coral reef according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components in feldspar are calculated by mass percentage. The total amount of potassium and sodium elements in feldspar is ≥7% and the potassium content is ≥3%.

5. The bionic coral reef according to claim 4, characterized in that: Feldspar includes potassium feldspar powder with a potassium content ≥ 10%.

6. The bionic coral reef according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The blowing agent includes silicon carbide.

7. A method for making a bionic coral reef, characterized in that: The bionic coral reef as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 is prepared as follows: The first raw material and the second raw material are mixed and ball-milled, and dried and powdered to obtain a raw material mixture, and then the raw material mixture is fired to obtain a bionic coral reef; The firing process is as follows: heating the raw material mixture to 600-650°C for 30-60 minutes; heating from 600-650°C to 890-910°C for 60-120 minutes; keeping warm at 890-910°C for 120-180 minutes; heating from 890-910°C to 1040-1060°C for 120-210 minutes; keeping warm at 1040-1060°C for 120-210 minutes; heating from 1040-1060°C to 1115-1135°C for 30-60 minutes; keeping warm at 1115-1135°C for 10-50 minutes.

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