Off-wall type assembly structure for tunnel and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides an off-wall type assembly structure for a tunnel and a construction method, the off-wall type assembly structure comprises an arch crown prefabricated part, side wall prefabricated parts and an arch crown hoisting system, the side wall prefabricated parts are fixedly mounted on surrounding rocks on the two sides, the arch crown prefabricated part is fixedly mounted on the tops of the side wall prefabricated parts, and the arch crown hoisting system is movably arranged on the surrounding rocks on the top; a hoisting hole is formed in the vault prefabricated part, the vault hoisting system comprises a hollow grouting anchor rod located on the top surrounding rock and a guide rail connected to the hollow grouting anchor rod, a lifting hook is movably arranged on the guide rail, and the lifting hook can be hooked in the hoisting hole. The prefabricated parts are made of the ultra-high-performance prestressed concrete, so that the arch crown prefabricated parts and the side wall prefabricated parts are light, and the construction efficiency is improved; the hoisting hole is formed in the vault prefabricated part, the vault hoisting system with the lifting hook is adopted, the connecting mode of the vault prefabricated part and the vault hoisting system can be simplified through hooking and splitting of the lifting hook and the hoisting hole, and the construction efficiency is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground tunnel off-wall assembly lining structure construction, in particular to a tunnel off-wall assembly structure and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of tunnel and underground engineering construction, underground tunnels built in the hot and humid south and cold north have difficulty in maintaining normal indoor environmental conditions, and are very suitable for the use of off-wall lining structures. Off-wall lining can form a constant temperature and insulation buffer zone, reduce the impact of external factors on the environmental conditions in the tunnel, improve the temperature and environmental conditions in the tunnel, meet the environmental protection needs in the tunnel, and reduce carbon emissions. Prefabrication and assembly is the development direction of modern tunnel engineering construction. It has great potential. It can not only improve construction efficiency, but also significantly reduce carbon emissions, thus making an important contribution to sustainable development. The development of prefabrication and assembly technology will bring more efficient and environmentally friendly construction methods to the construction industry.

[0003] However, when using cast-in-place concrete off-wall lining, the outer formwork construction space is narrow, and generally 0.5m-0.6m of space is reserved from the wall. It is very difficult to install the outer formwork in this narrow space, especially it is almost impossible to remove the outer formwork. When using traditional prefabricated concrete components, the lining is heavy, there are many splicing positions, the installation requires a high degree of mechanization, and it is difficult to promote and apply, which is not suitable for off-wall lining structures.

[0004] In recent years, the application of ultra-high performance concrete in the field of prefabrication and assembly has gradually matured. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC for short) has the advantages of high strength, high durability and workability: ① High strength. The compressive strength of ordinary concrete is 20Mpa-40Mpa, while the compressive strength of UHPC can reach 150Mpa-810Mpa. ② High durability. Ordinary concrete itself has many gaps. In high or low temperature environments, the gaps will be further enlarged, reducing the service life. UHPC has lower porosity and permeability, and can effectively resist environmental erosion such as chloride, carbonization, freeze-thaw, and sulfate. It can extend the service life and is especially suitable for tunnel projects in complex environments such as hot and humid weather and cold weather. ③ High workability. Ordinary concrete prefabricated components are "rough, clumsy, thick, and heavy", while UHPC has excellent physical properties. It overcomes the brittleness of ordinary concrete materials with a large number of fibers and uses toughness to prevent sudden fracture of concrete, which can make the structural section extremely lightweight. At the same time, high-strength prestressed steel wires are set in the assembled components. The prestressed steel wires are under tension and the ultra-high performance concrete is under compression, giving full play to the characteristics of the two materials to achieve thin and light cross-section components, large spans, and lightweight assembled components. Ordinary tunnel linings are generally more than 300mm thick, while ultra-high performance prestressed concrete components are about 100mm-200mm thick.

[0005] The use of prefabrication and assembly technology can save a lot of construction time, speed up the progress of the project and reduce construction costs. Since the prefabrication and assembly process is more factory-based and standardized, the construction quality and safety can be improved. Prefabrication and assembly technology can significantly reduce the consumption of materials. Prefabrication and assembly technology can accurately control the size and shape of components to minimize material waste. Compared with traditional on-site construction methods, prefabrication and assembly technology transfers the manufacturing process to the factory, making production faster and resource utilization more adequate. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method using ultra-high performance prestressed concrete components, which are lightweight, easy to operate, fast in construction, and low in comprehensive cost. It not only improves construction efficiency, but also helps to reduce the negative impact of the construction industry on the environment, and makes a positive contribution to promoting green and low-carbon development.

[0006] In the prior art, for example, Chinese patent CN117569841A disclosed on 2024-02-20, an arch track sliding system is used to lift the arch external formwork system. However, in this type of prior art, the lower end of the sliding structure is fastened to the main beam of the arch external formwork system by bolts, the connection method is complicated, and the construction efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel off-wall assembly structure and construction method, which can simplify the connection between the arch prefabricated parts and the arch hoisting system and improve the construction efficiency;

[0008] The present invention provides a tunnel off-wall assembly structure, comprising: a vault prefabricated component, a side wall prefabricated component and a vault hoisting system, wherein the side wall prefabricated component is fixedly installed on surrounding rocks on both sides, the vault prefabricated component is fixedly installed on the top of the side wall prefabricated component, and the vault hoisting system is movably arranged on the top surrounding rock; the vault prefabricated component is provided with a hoisting hole, and the vault hoisting system comprises a hollow grouting anchor rod located in the top surrounding rock, and a guide rail connected to the hollow grouting anchor rod, a hook is movably arranged on the guide rail, and the hook can be hooked in the hoisting hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the arch hoisting system also includes a base plate, a side plate, a pin shaft, a track and an electric trolley; the lower end of the hollow grouting anchor rod passes through the base plate and is fixed by a nut, the side plates are respectively connected to the two sides of the bottom of the base plate, the upper part of the track is connected between the two side plates through the pin shaft, the electric trolley is movably connected to the lower part of the track, and the hook is connected to the electric trolley.

[0010] Furthermore, there are multiple hoisting holes, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the arch prefabricated component; there are multiple arch hoisting systems, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top surrounding rock, and the arch hoisting systems correspond to the hoisting holes one by one.

[0011] Furthermore, an embedded plate is embedded in the surrounding rock at a height position at the top of the side wall prefabricated component, a connecting steel plate is vertically connected to the embedded plate, and first high-strength bolts are vertically connected to both sides of the connecting steel plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the top of the side wall prefabricated component is provided with an upper transverse folding portion extending to the embedded plate, and the upper transverse folding portion is provided with bolt holes. The two side wall prefabricated components are respectively located on both sides of the connecting steel plate, and the high-strength bolts on both sides of the connecting steel plate respectively pass through the bolt holes of the upper transverse folding portion and are locked with nuts.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom end of the vault prefabricated component is provided with a edging extending toward the surrounding rock, and the edging of the vault prefabricated component and the upper transverse fold of the side wall prefabricated component are respectively provided with bolt holes, and a second high-strength bolt is passed through the two bolt holes and locked with a nut.

[0014] Furthermore, a drainage hole is provided on the upper transverse fold of the side wall prefabricated component, a lower transverse fold extending toward the surrounding rock is provided at the bottom end of the side wall prefabricated component, a drainage ditch is provided on the lower transverse fold, a side wall foundation is provided at the bottom of the side wall prefabricated component, and the lower transverse fold is fixedly connected to the side wall foundation by a ground anchor bolt.

[0015] Furthermore, waterproof asphalt is applied to the joints of the adjacent side wall prefabricated parts and the joints of the adjacent vault prefabricated parts, and a polymer self-adhesive waterproof membrane is arranged on the outer side of the vault prefabricated parts.

[0016] Furthermore, the vault prefabricated parts and the side wall prefabricated parts are respectively provided with a plurality of bolt holes, and adjacent vault prefabricated parts are fastened by bolts passing through two bolt holes at the same position and using nuts, and adjacent side wall prefabricated parts are fastened by bolts passing through two bolt holes at the same position and using nuts.

[0017] The present invention also provides a construction method for a tunnel off-wall assembly structure, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, tunnel initial support and hollow grouting anchor construction: drilling holes according to the arch hoisting system and the position of the side wall embedded parts, applying hollow anchors, and grouting; S2, side wall foundation and embedded plate construction: removing the side wall scum to the bedrock, pouring concrete and embedding the anchor bolts according to the component assembly position; setting the resin anchor at the arch angle connection according to the component assembly position, installing the embedded steel S3, install the side wall prefabricated parts on both sides: the side wall prefabricated parts are connected to the anchor bolts at the arch foot, and the arch angle is connected to the connecting steel plate through high-strength bolts, and the bolts are initially tightened; S4, install the vault prefabricated parts: the vault prefabricated parts are hoisted to the position through the hoisting system and the hoisting holes, and the vault prefabricated parts are circumferentially connected to the side wall prefabricated parts through high-strength bolts, and the adjacent components are connected with ordinary bolts, and the bolts are initially tightened, and finally tightened after adjustment and calibration; S5, apply waterproof asphalt at the joints and enter the next cycle. S6, finally, construct the building floor.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention adopts ultra-high performance prestressed concrete to make prefabricated components, so that the vault prefabricated parts and the side wall prefabricated parts are lightweight and the construction efficiency is improved; a hoisting hole is arranged on the vault prefabricated parts, and a vault hoisting system with a hook is adopted, which can be connected and split by the hook and the hoisting hole, thereby simplifying the connection method between the vault prefabricated parts and the vault hoisting system, and further improving the construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the tunnel off-wall assembly structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the vault prefabricated component of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side wall prefabricated member of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a front view of the vault hoisting system of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a side view of the vault hoisting system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the vault prefabricated component and the side wall prefabricated component of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 aa cross-sectional view;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the side wall prefabricated member, the surrounding rock and the side wall foundation of the present invention;

[0028] Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 8 bb cross-sectional view;

[0029] Fig.10 For the present invention Figure 8 cc cross-sectional view;

[0030] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the connecting steel plate and the embedded steel plate of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.12 This is a front view of the embedded steel plate of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the embedded steel plate and the surrounding rock of the present invention;

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1_prefabricated vault, 1-1_edging, 2_prefabricated side walls, 2-1_upper transverse fold, 2-2_lower transverse fold, 3_vault hoisting system, 4_joining nodes between side walls and prefabricated vault, 5_joining nodes between prefabricated side walls and surrounding rock, 6_joining nodes between prefabricated side walls and side wall foundation, 7_downpipe, 8_drainage ditch, 9_hoisting hole, 10_space between side walls and walls, 11_space between vault and walls, 12_initial support and surrounding rock, 13_building ground.

[0035] 3-1_Hollow grouting anchor rod, 3-2_Base plate, 3-3_Side plate, 3-4_Pin shaft, 3-5_Electric trolley, 3-6_Car stopper, 3-7_Track.

[0036] 4-1_Second highest strength bolt, 4-2_Ordinary bolt.

[0037] 5-1_first high-strength bolt, 5-2_connecting steel plate, 5-3_embedded steel plate, 5-4_resin anchor rod.

[0038] 6-1_Anchor bolt, 6-2_Side wall foundation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0041] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 1-Figure 13 As shown, the present invention provides a tunnel off-wall assembly structure, comprising: a vault prefabricated component 1, a side wall prefabricated component 2 and a vault hoisting system 3, wherein the side wall prefabricated component 2 is fixedly mounted on the surrounding rocks on both sides, the vault prefabricated component 1 is fixedly mounted on the top of the side wall prefabricated component 2, and the vault hoisting system 3 is movably arranged on the top surrounding rock; a hoisting hole 9 is provided on the vault prefabricated component 1, and the vault hoisting system 3 comprises a hollow grouting anchor rod 3-1 located in the top surrounding rock, and a guide rail connected to the hollow grouting anchor rod 3-1, and a hook is movably arranged on the guide rail, and the hook can be hooked in the hoisting hole 9.

[0044] Specifically, the wall-free assembly component of the present invention includes a vault prefabricated component 1 and a side wall prefabricated component 2. The prefabricated components are made of ultra-high performance prestressed concrete, and the weight of a single component is light, so as to facilitate assembly. The prefabricated component of the present invention has a longitudinal width of 600mm-1000mm along the tunnel, a panel thickness of 100mm-120mm, and a sealing beam with a height of 200mm is arranged around the panel. There is a side wall wall-free space 10 between the side wall prefabricated component 2 and the surrounding rock, and there is a vault wall-free space 11 between the vault prefabricated component 1 and the surrounding rock.

[0045] The component installation nodes of the present invention include the vault hoisting system 3 and the vault prefabricated component 1 hoisting node, the side wall and the vault prefabricated component splicing node 4, the side wall prefabricated component and the surrounding rock connection node 5, and the side wall prefabricated component and the side wall foundation connection node 6. The vault hoisting system 3 can be used for hoisting the vault prefabricated component 1, and for temporary hoisting guarantee of later component removal, replacement, waterproof layer maintenance, etc.

[0046] The present invention can solve the problems of heavy weight of off-wall assembled linings in underground tunnels, high requirements for installation mechanization, and great difficulty in promotion and application. It is made of ultra-high performance prestressed concrete to make prefabricated components lightweight, easy to operate, fast in construction, and low in overall cost. It not only improves construction efficiency, but also helps to reduce the negative impact of the construction industry on the environment, making a positive contribution to promoting green and low-carbon development.

[0047] The present invention is suitable for rooms with high underground temperature, high temperature and humidity, or cold areas that have requirements for environmental temperature protection.

[0048] The present invention can be used for the initial support structure layer of the cavern, which is an anchor-sprayed support layer arranged closely on the surface of the cavern surrounding rock. The anchor-sprayed support layer and the surrounding rock can be stable, and the anchor-sprayed support can also serve as permanent support. The anchor-sprayed support layer and the surrounding rock can be applied with hollow grouting anchor rods 3-1 and can withstand lifting tension. It is suitable for underground tunnels with good surrounding rock conditions.

[0049] The present invention can be used for the initial support of the cavern and the surrounding rock 12 structure is at least 0.8m away from the reinforced concrete lining, so as to facilitate the lifting, installation and transportation of the vault prefabricated component 1 and the installation of the side wall prefabricated component 2.

[0050] The off-wall assembled lining of the present invention is preferably suitable for tunnels with a span of less than 6 m. When the span increases, the weight of the prefabricated components increases, and transportation and hoisting require special design review.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] The vault hoisting system 3 also includes a base plate 3-2, a side plate 3-3, a pin 3-4, a track 3-7 and an electric trolley 3-5; the lower end of the hollow grouting anchor rod 3-1 passes through the base plate 3-2 and is fixed by a nut, the bottom sides of the base plate 3-2 are respectively connected with side plates 3-3, the upper part of the track 3-7 is connected between the two side plates 3-3 by a pin 3-4, the electric trolley 3-5 is movably connected to the lower part of the track 3-7, and the hook is connected to the electric trolley 3-5. There are multiple hoisting holes 9, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the vault prefabricated part 1; there are multiple vault hoisting systems 3, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top surrounding rock, and the vault hoisting systems 3 correspond to the hoisting holes 9 one by one.

[0053] Specifically, the vault hoisting system 3 includes a hollow grouting anchor rod 3-1, a base plate 3-2, a side plate 3-3, a pin 3-4, a sliding track 3-7, and an electric trolley 3-5 sliding system. The hollow grouting anchor rod 3-1 is generally arranged at intervals of 6m, and the sliding track 3-7 is moved and changed in position by the pin 3-4. The vault prefabricated part 1 is provided with a hoisting hole 9 to cooperate with the electric lifting trolley to complete the sliding and installation of the vault prefabricated part 1.

[0054] Track 3-7 is an I-beam structure, with the upper crossbeam located between the two side plates 3-3. The travel system of the electric trolley 3-5 is installed on the lower crossbeam. The pin 3-4 passes through the middle longitudinal beam to fix the I-beam in the side plates 3-3. When the construction of one section is completed, the pin 3-4 is removed and the I-beam is moved to start the construction of the next section. A car stop 3-6 is set on the track 3-7 to prevent the electric trolley 3-5 from falling out.

[0055] The spacing between lifting points, the diameter of the hollow grouting anchor rod 3-1, the size and length of the I-beam are designed and reviewed according to the maximum lifting weight of the lifting component. The I-beam can be designed as a single-span simply supported beam or a multi-span continuous beam. The lifting system needs to be installed with an aerial work vehicle.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] An embedded plate is embedded in the surrounding rock at the height of the top of the side wall prefabricated component 2, and a connecting steel plate 5-2 is vertically connected to the embedded plate. The first high-strength bolts 5-1 are vertically connected to both sides of the connecting steel plate 5-2. The top of the side wall prefabricated component 2 is provided with an upper transverse folding portion 2-1 extending to the embedded plate, and bolt holes are provided on the upper transverse folding portion 2-1. The two side wall prefabricated components 2 are respectively located on both sides of the connecting steel plate 5-2, and the high-strength bolts on both sides of the connecting steel plate 5-2 pass through the bolt holes of the upper transverse folding portion 2-1 and are locked with nuts. The bottom end of the vault prefabricated component 1 is provided with a rim 1-1 extending toward the surrounding rock, and bolt holes are provided on the rim 1-1 of the vault prefabricated component 1 and the upper transverse folding portion 2-1 of the side wall prefabricated component 2, respectively. The second high-strength bolt 4-1 passes through the two bolt holes and is locked with a nut. The upper transverse fold 2-1 of the side wall prefabricated component 2 is provided with a water drop hole, the bottom end of the side wall prefabricated component 2 is provided with a lower transverse fold 2-2 extending toward the surrounding rock, the lower transverse fold 2-2 is provided with a drainage ditch 8, the bottom of the side wall prefabricated component 2 is provided with a side wall foundation 6-2, and the lower transverse fold 2-2 is fixedly connected to the side wall foundation 6-2 by a ground anchor bolt 6-1. The joints of adjacent side wall prefabricated components 2 and adjacent vault prefabricated components 1 are coated with waterproof asphalt, and a polymer self-adhesive waterproof membrane is provided on the outer side of the vault prefabricated component 1. Multiple bolt holes are respectively provided on the vault prefabricated component 1 and the side wall prefabricated component 2. The adjacent vault prefabricated components 1 are connected by ordinary bolts 4-2 passing through the bolt holes at the same position and locked with nuts, and the adjacent side wall prefabricated components 2 are connected by ordinary bolts 4-2 passing through the bolt holes at the same position and locked with nuts.

[0058] Specifically, the arch prefabricated member 1 and the side wall prefabricated member 2 are connected in the circumferential direction with high-strength bolts, and the arch prefabricated members 1 and the side wall prefabricated members 2 are connected in the longitudinal direction with ordinary bolts, and the bolt connection parts are reinforced by pre-embedded connection steel plates 5-2. The side wall prefabricated member 2 is connected to the surrounding rock at the arch angle, and has good seismic performance, which can greatly reduce the cross-sectional size of the member compared with the completely off-wall structure.

[0059] The side wall prefabricated part 2 is connected to the surrounding rock through high-strength bolts of the connecting steel plate 5-2. A connecting steel plate 5-2 is set between the two plate seams at the arch corner (a gap of steel plate thickness is reserved in the prefabricated component at the connecting steel plate 5-2). The connecting steel plate 5-2 is welded to the embedded plate, and the embedded plate is fixed to the side wall surrounding rock through resin anchor rods 5-4.

[0060] The footing of the side wall prefabricated component 2 is connected to the concrete foundation through the footing anchor bolt 6-1. The concrete foundation is provided with the footing anchor bolt 6-1 to meet the basic anchoring length, and the concrete foundation falls on the bedrock.

[0061] A downpipe 7 is arranged at an interval of 6m at one end of the side wall prefabricated part 2 connected to the arch angle, and the upper end of the downpipe 7 is partially lowered to facilitate the collection of running water. A prefabricated drainage ditch 8 is arranged at one end of the side wall prefabricated part 2 connected to the foot, and the concrete thickness of the prefabricated drainage ditch 8 is increased to facilitate the stability of the structure.

[0062] Waterproof asphalt is applied to the joints of the prefabricated components, and a polymer self-adhesive waterproof membrane is set outside the arch prefabricated components. Water seeping from the surrounding rock flows from the arch along the downpipe 7 to the drainage ditch 8, and is discharged from the drainage ditch 8 to the outside of the tunnel.

[0063] A building surface layer is arranged on the indoor floor, and the building surface layer is higher than the drainage ditch 8, so as to facilitate the drainage of indoor ground water to the drainage ditch 8, and the building surface layer stabilizes the footing of the side wall prefabricated component 2.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] The present invention also provides a construction method for a tunnel off-wall assembly structure, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, construction of initial tunnel support and hollow grouting anchor rods 3-1: drilling holes, making hollow anchor rods, and grouting according to the arch hoisting system 3 and the position of the side wall embedded parts; S2, construction of the side wall foundation 6-2 and the embedded steel plate 5-3: removing the scum of the side wall to the bedrock, pouring concrete and embedding the anchor bolts 6-1 according to the component assembly position; setting the resin anchor rods 5-4 at the arch angle connection according to the component assembly position, and installing the embedded steel plate 5-3; S 3. Install the side wall prefabricated parts 2 on both sides: the side wall prefabricated parts 2 are connected to the anchor bolts 6-1 at the arch foot, and the arch angle is connected to the connecting steel plate 5-2 through the first high-strength bolts 5-1, and the bolts are initially tightened; S4. Install the arch prefabricated parts 1: the arch prefabricated parts 1 are hoisted to the position through the hoisting system and the hoisting holes 9, and the arch prefabricated parts 1 and the side wall prefabricated parts 2 are connected in the circumferential direction through the second high-strength bolts 4-1, and the adjacent components are connected with ordinary bolts 4-2, and the bolts are initially tightened, and finally tightened after adjustment and calibration; S5. Apply waterproof asphalt at the joints and enter the next cycle. S6. Finally, construct the building floor 13.

[0066] Working principle of the present invention:

[0067] The prefabricated components are made of ultra-high performance prestressed concrete, and the weight of a single component is light to facilitate assembly. A hoisting hole 9 is set on the vault prefabricated component 1, and a vault hoisting system 3 with a hook is adopted. It can be split by hooking the hook and the hoisting hole 9, simplifying the connection method between the vault prefabricated component 1 and the vault hoisting system 3, and further improving the construction efficiency. A downpipe 7 is set at an interval of 6m on the upper transverse fold 2-1 of the side wall prefabricated component 2, and the upper mouth of the downpipe 7 is partially lowered to facilitate the collection of running water. A prefabricated drainage ditch 8 is set at one end of the side wall prefabricated component 2 connected to the foot, and the concrete thickness of the prefabricated drainage ditch 8 is increased to facilitate structural stability. The side wall prefabricated component 2 is connected to the surrounding rock through a high-strength bolt connecting the steel plate 5-2, the vault prefabricated component 1 and the side wall prefabricated component 2 are connected in the circumferential direction with high-strength bolts, and the vault prefabricated components 1 and the side wall prefabricated components 2 are connected in the longitudinal direction with ordinary bolts.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel off-wall assembly structure, characterized in that: include: A vault prefabricated component, a side wall prefabricated component and a vault hoisting system, wherein the side wall prefabricated component is fixedly installed on the surrounding rocks on both sides, the vault prefabricated component is fixedly installed on the top of the side wall prefabricated component, and the vault hoisting system is movably arranged on the top surrounding rock; The vault prefabricated component is provided with a hoisting hole, and the vault hoisting system includes a hollow grouting anchor rod located in the top surrounding rock, and a guide rail connected to the hollow grouting anchor rod, a hook is movably arranged on the guide rail, and the hook can be hooked in the hoisting hole.

2. The tunnel wall-free assembly structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vault hoisting system also includes a base plate, a side plate, a pin shaft, a track and an electric trolley; The lower end of the hollow grouting anchor rod passes through the base plate and is fixed by a nut. The side plates are respectively connected to the two sides of the bottom of the base plate. The upper part of the track is connected between the two side plates through the pin shaft. The electric trolley is movably connected to the lower part of the track, and the hook is connected to the electric trolley.

3. The tunnel wall-free assembly structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple hoisting holes, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the arch prefabricated component; there are multiple arch hoisting systems, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top surrounding rock, and the arch hoisting systems correspond to the hoisting holes one by one.

4. The tunnel wall-free assembly structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An embedded plate is embedded in the surrounding rock at the top height of the side wall prefabricated component, a connecting steel plate is vertically connected to the embedded plate, and first high-strength bolts are vertically connected to both sides of the connecting steel plate.

5. The tunnel wall-free assembly structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the side wall prefabricated component is provided with an upper transverse folding portion extending to the embedded plate, and the upper transverse folding portion is provided with bolt holes. The two side wall prefabricated components are respectively located on both sides of the connecting steel plate, and the high-strength bolts connecting the two sides of the steel plate are respectively passed through the bolt holes of the upper transverse folding portion and locked with nuts.

6. The tunnel wall-free assembly structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the vault prefabricated component is provided with an edge extending toward the surrounding rock, and the edge of the vault prefabricated component and the upper transverse fold of the side wall prefabricated component are respectively provided with bolt holes, and a second high-strength bolt passes through the two bolt holes and is locked with a nut.

7. The tunnel wall-free assembly structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper transverse fold of the side wall prefabricated component is provided with a drainage hole, the bottom end of the side wall prefabricated component is provided with a lower transverse fold extending toward the surrounding rock, the lower transverse fold is provided with a drainage ditch, and the bottom of the side wall prefabricated component is provided with a side wall foundation, and the lower transverse fold is fixedly connected to the side wall foundation through a ground anchor bolt.

8. The tunnel wall-free assembly structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The joints of the adjacent side wall prefabricated parts and the joints of the adjacent vault prefabricated parts are coated with waterproof asphalt, and the outer sides of the vault prefabricated parts are provided with polymer self-adhesive waterproof membranes.

9. The tunnel wall-free assembly structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vault prefabricated parts and the side wall prefabricated parts are respectively provided with a plurality of bolt holes. The adjacent vault prefabricated parts are connected by bolts passing through two bolt holes at the same position and being locked with nuts. The adjacent side wall prefabricated parts are connected by bolts passing through two bolt holes at the same position and being locked with nuts.

10. A construction method for a tunnel off-wall assembly structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, initial tunnel support and hollow grouting anchor construction: according to the arch hoisting system and the position of the side wall embedded parts, drill holes, make hollow anchors, and inject grout; S2, side wall foundation and embedded plate construction: remove the scum from the side wall to the bedrock, pour concrete and embed the anchor bolts according to the component assembly position; set resin anchor rods at the arch angle connection according to the component assembly position, and install the embedded steel plate; S3, install the prefabricated side walls on both sides: the prefabricated side walls are connected to the anchor bolts at the arch foot, the arch angle is connected to the connecting steel plate through high-strength bolts, and the bolts are initially tightened; S4, installation of vault prefabricated parts: the vault prefabricated parts are hoisted to the position through the hoisting system and the hoisting holes. The vault prefabricated parts are circumferentially connected with the side wall prefabricated parts by high-strength bolts, and the adjacent components are connected by ordinary bolts. The bolts are initially tightened and finally tightened after adjustment and calibration. S5, apply waterproof asphalt on the joints and enter the next cycle. S6, finally construct the building floor.

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