A modular grouting device and method suitable for tunnel cavern treatment

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a modular grouting device and method suitable for tunnel cave treatment, which comprises a pipe roof steel pipe, one end of the pipe roof steel pipe is provided with a butt joint seat, the other end of the pipe roof steel pipe is fixed with a butt joint, the outside of the butt joint is threadedly connected with an adapter female head, the inside of the adapter female head is threadedly connected with a grouting connecting head, an adapter male head is inserted on the side of the adapter female head away from the butt joint, the inside of the adapter male head is provided with a high-pressure grouting hose, and the end of the adapter male head away from the adapter female head is threadedly connected with a push rod; a hole is drilled in advance by a pipe roof drilling machine, then the pipe roof steel pipe is pushed into the hole by the pipe roof drilling machine, then the high-pressure grouting hose is connected through a grout stopping valve, the inside of the pipe roof steel pipe is inputted with grout by a grouting machine through the high-pressure grouting hose, and the pipe roof steel pipe retained in the soil can form a pipe roof together with the injected grout, so that local collapse of the cave caused by taking out the pipe roof steel pipe after grouting can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically a modular grouting device and method suitable for treating karst caves in tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] During the development of the interior of a mountain, tunnels need to be built. During the construction of the tunnels, karst caves may be encountered. At this time, grouting is required to treat the interior of the karst caves. Grouting can improve the strength of the tunnel karst caves and make the tunnel more stable during use.

[0003] A patent application with publication number CN107179110A discloses a grouting device for karst tunnels, including a grouting pump, a tee pipe, and a grouting perforated pipe with multiple grouting holes. A rotating rod can drive a spherical check plug to rotate from the open position to the closed position. When in the closed position, the outer wall of the spherical check plug can seal the port of the inner pipe.

[0004] The above-mentioned technical solution requires inserting the grouting pipe into the soil and then grouting. However, after grouting is completed, the grouting pipe needs to be removed from the grouting hole. During this process, the injected grout has not solidified, and removing the grouting pipe can easily cause the soil near the hole to loosen, which may lead to the collapse of some areas of the cave.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a modular grouting device and method suitable for the treatment of tunnel karst caves. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: A modular grouting device suitable for tunnel karst treatment, comprising a pipe roof steel pipe, a docking seat at one end of the pipe roof steel pipe, and a butt joint fixed at the other end of the pipe roof steel pipe. The docking seat can be threadedly connected to the butt joint. An adapter female is threadedly connected to the external thread of the butt joint, and a grouting connector is threadedly connected to the internal thread of the adapter female. An adapter male is inserted into the side of the adapter female away from the butt joint. A high-pressure grouting hose is installed inside the adapter male. Both ends of the high-pressure grouting hose are fixed with grouting adapters. A grout stop valve is installed at the end of the grouting adapter away from the adapter female. The grouting adapter at the end of the high-pressure grouting hose near the adapter female is located inside the adapter male. The grouting adapter and the grouting connector are internally connected. A push rod is threadedly connected to the end of the adapter male away from the adapter female. The high-pressure grouting hose passes through the inside of the push rod. A grout stop plug is sleeved on the outside of the adapter female. An air vent is opened inside the grout stop plug.

[0008] Preferably, a limiting ring is fixed to the outside of the grouting connector near the grouting adapter end, the grouting adapter has an internal movable cavity, a fixed frame is provided inside the movable cavity, a first spring is fixed to the top of the fixed frame, the top of the first spring is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the movable cavity, and a locking block is fixed to the bottom of the fixed frame near the limiting ring end, and six sets of locking blocks are provided inside the grouting adapter.

[0009] Preferably, the grouting adapter has a mating groove at one end near the grouting connector, and a sealing gasket is provided inside the mating groove.

[0010] Preferably, the grouting adapter has a rotating block inside, a rotating plate is fixed on the side of the rotating block near the locking block, and a protrusion is fixed at the top of the fixing frame below the rotating plate.

[0011] Preferably, a gear is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft of the rotating block, and a second rack is meshed with the side of the gear near the locking block. A pressing block is fixed to the top of the second rack and is located on the outside of the grouting adapter. A coil spring is fixed to the outside of the rotating shaft of the rotating block and is fixedly connected to the outside of the grouting adapter.

[0012] Preferably, the side of the locking block closest to the first spring has an inner inclined surface.

[0013] Preferably, the grouting adapter has two symmetrically arranged baffles inside for rotational connection, and limit blocks are fixed on both sides inside the grouting adapter.

[0014] Preferably, a rotating rod is fixed to the top of the baffle plate, and teeth are provided on one side of the rotating rod. A first rack is engaged with one side of the teeth. A telescopic rod is fixed to the side of the first rack away from the rotating rod. The telescopic rod is movably connected inside the grouting adapter. A second spring is fixed to one end of the telescopic rod near the first rack. The other end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the grouting adapter. A pusher is fixed to the other end of the telescopic rod. A pull rod is fixed to the top of the rotating rod. The pull rod is located on the outside of the grouting adapter.

[0015] A modular grouting method suitable for treating karst caves in tunnels includes the following steps:

[0016] Material selection: Determine the length and quantity of steel pipes required for the pipe shed and the length of the push rod required based on the calculated distance to be advanced;

[0017] Pipe roof drilling: Calculate the distance the pipe roof needs to be advanced based on site requirements, use a pipe roof drilling rig to drill into the soil, and drill to the required distance;

[0018] Installation components: Connect the pipe roof steel pipes to be advanced end to end through the butt joint and the butt connector. Connect the butt connector of the last section of the pipe roof steel pipe to the adapter female head. Connect the rear end of the push rod to the output end of the pipe roof drilling rig. Connect the front end of the push rod to the adapter male head. Then install the grouting connector inside the adapter female head. Pass the high-pressure grouting hose through the push rod and the adapter male head and connect it to the grouting connector through the grouting adapter to make the high-pressure grouting hose communicate with the inside of the pipe roof steel pipe.

[0019] Pipe roof advancement: Start the pipe roof drilling rig and use the push rod to drive the pipe roof steel pipe into the karst soil of the tunnel;

[0020] Grouting: Separate the pipe roof drilling rig from the push rod, then connect the other end of the high-pressure grouting hose to the grout stop valve using a grouting adapter, and connect the other end of the grout stop valve to the high-pressure grouting machine. Use the grouting machine to grout the steel pipe of the pipe roof.

[0021] Disassembly of components: After grouting, separate the male adapter from the female adapter, and at the same time separate the grouting connector from the grouting adapter.

[0022] The connection of the grouting adapter and grouting connector as described in the installation components includes the following steps:

[0023] S1. Align the front end of the grouting adapter with the rear end of the grouting connector, and push the grouting adapter to fit tightly against the grouting connector;

[0024] S2. The grouting adapter and the grouting connector are fixed together by hooking the limiting ring with the fixing bracket;

[0025] S3. During the movement of the limit ring, the pusher is pushed, which drives the baffle plate to rotate and open the inside of the grouting adapter.

[0026] S4. Insert the male adapter into the female adapter. The inner wall of the male adapter presses the extrusion block, and the extrusion block drives the fixing frame to tighten the limit ring.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. The present invention provides a modular grouting device and method suitable for treating karst caves in tunnels. A hole is pre-drilled using a pipe roof drilling rig, and then a pipe roof steel pipe is pushed into the hole using the same rig. A high-pressure grouting hose is then connected via a grout stop valve. The grouting machine injects grout into the inside of the pipe roof steel pipe through the high-pressure grouting hose. The pipe roof steel pipe remains in the soil, and the injected grout forms a pipe roof, preventing the removal of the pipe roof steel pipe after grouting from causing localized collapse of the karst cave.

[0029] 2. The modular grouting device and method for treating karst caves described in this invention uses a fixing frame to lock the limiting ring with a clamping block, which can fix the grouting connector and the grouting adapter. At the same time, the baffle plate flips, which can switch the connection and separation of the grouting connector and the grouting adapter, thereby retaining the grout that has not been injected into the grouting adapter for the next grouting, which can save certain costs. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the steel pipe structure for the pipe shed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure grouting hose structure in this invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adapter female connector in this invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting adapter structure in this invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the grouting adapter in this invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing frame structure in this invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle plate structure in this invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Pipe shed steel pipe; 11. Connecting seat; 12. Joint; 2. Push rod; 3. Grout stop valve; 31. High-pressure grouting hose; 32. Grouting adapter; 321. Movable cavity; 322. Limiting block; 33. Fixing frame; 331. Locking block; 332. Inner inclined surface; 333. First spring; 334. Protrusion; 34. Baffle plate; 341. Rotating rod; 342. Pull rod; 343. Tooth; 34 4. First rack; 345. Second spring; 346. Telescopic rod; 347. Push frame; 35. Extrusion block; 351. Second rack; 352. Rotating block; 353. Rotating plate; 354. Gear; 355. Coil spring; 36. Connecting groove; 361. Sealing gasket; 4. Adapter female; 41. Grout stop plug; 411. Vent hole; 42. Adapter male; 43. Grouting connector; 431. Limiting ring. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a modular grouting device suitable for tunnel karst treatment includes a pipe roof steel pipe 1. One end of the pipe roof steel pipe 1 is provided with a mating seat 11, and the other end of the pipe roof steel pipe 1 is fixed with a butt joint 12. The mating seat 11 can be threadedly connected to the butt joint 12. An adapter female 4 is threadedly connected to the external thread of the butt joint 12, and a grouting connector 43 is threadedly connected to the internal thread of the adapter female 4. An adapter male 42 is inserted into the side of the adapter female 4 away from the butt joint 12. A high-pressure grouting hose 31 is disposed inside the adapter male 42. Both ends of the high-pressure grouting hose 31 are fixed with grouting adapters 32. A grout stop valve 3 is installed at the end of the grouting adapter 32 away from the female adapter 4. The grouting adapter 32 at the end of the high-pressure grouting hose 31 near the female adapter 4 is located inside the male adapter 42. The grouting adapter 32 is connected to the inside of the grouting connector 43. A push rod 2 is threaded to the end of the male adapter 42 away from the female adapter 4. The high-pressure grouting hose 31 passes through the inside of the push rod 2. A grout stop plug 41 is sleeved on the outside of the female adapter 4. An exhaust hole 411 is opened inside the grout stop plug 41.

[0042] During tunnel construction, karst caves may be encountered. To ensure tunnel stability, the karst cave locations need reinforcement. Therefore, pipe roofs need to be constructed and grouting performed at these locations. The required pipe roof advancement distance is calculated, and a pipe roof drilling rig is used to drill holes at the karst cave locations. Then, pipe roof steel pipes of the appropriate length and quantity are selected based on the advancement distance. The pipe roof steel pipes 1 are connected end-to-end via a butt joint 11 and a butt connector 12. The butt connector 12 of the last section of pipe roof steel pipe 1 is connected to an adapter female connector 4. The rear end of the push rod 2 is connected to the output end of the pipe roof drilling rig, and the front end of the push rod 2 is connected to an adapter male connector 42. Next, a grouting connector 43 is installed inside the adapter female connector 4. A high-pressure grouting hose 31 is passed through the push rod 2 and the adapter male connector 42, and connected to the grouting connector 43 via the grouting adapter 32, thus connecting the high-pressure grouting hose 31 to the inside of the pipe roof steel pipe 1. At this point, the pipe roof drilling rig pushes the push rod 2 to move the pipe roof steel pipe. The steel pipe 1 is pushed into the hole. After the steel pipe 1 is pushed into the appropriate position, the push rod 2 is separated from the pipe roof drilling rig. Then, the high-pressure grouting hose 31 is connected to the grout stop valve 3, which is connected to the grouting machine. The grout stop valve 3 and the grouting machine are opened, and the grout is injected into the interior of the steel pipe 1 through the grout stop valve 3. At this time, the steel pipe 1 can inject the grout into the surrounding soil. At the same time, the steel pipe 1 remains in the soil, which can further reinforce the soil. The grout stop plug 41 can seal the outside of the head 4 to prevent the grout from overflowing. The vent hole 411 can expel the air inside the hole when the grout is injected. The grouting connector 43 is equipped with a one-way valve that can automatically close after the grouting stops. The above steps are used to push multiple steel pipes 1 and grout them, so that multiple steel pipes 1 form a pipe roof. The pipe roof can reinforce the location of the tunnel karst cave without removing the steel pipe 1, reducing the possibility of partial collapse of the karst cave when it is removed.

[0043] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, a limiting ring 431 is fixed to the outside of the grouting connector 43 near the grouting adapter 32. The grouting adapter 32 has a movable cavity 321 inside. A fixed frame 33 is provided inside the movable cavity 321. A first spring 333 is fixed to the top of the fixed frame 33. The top of the first spring 333 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the movable cavity 321. A locking block 331 is fixed to the bottom of the fixed frame 33 near the limiting ring 431. Six sets of locking blocks 331 are provided inside the grouting adapter 32.

[0044] During the docking process of grouting adapter 32 and grouting connector 43, grouting adapter 32 is aligned with grouting connector 43, and then grouting adapter 32 is pushed to fit tightly against grouting connector 43. At this time, the locking block 331 will contact the limiting ring 431. The pushing of the limiting ring 431 can push the locking block 331 up through its outer inclined surface. After the locking block 331 passes the limiting ring 431, the elastic force of the first spring 333 pushes the fixing frame 33 to drive the locking block 331 to move downward. At this time, the locking block 331 can fall and lock on the outside of the limiting ring 431. At this time, under the action of the locking block 331 and the limiting ring 431, the grouting connector 43 and the grouting adapter 32 can be initially fixed. Moreover, the fixing frame 33 is set with six equally spaced limiting rings 431 in a circular shape, which can make the fixing between the fixing frame 33 and the limiting ring 431 not require a fixed angle, making it easier to install.

[0045] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the grouting adapter 32 has a mating groove 36 at one end near the grouting connector 43, and a sealing gasket 361 is provided inside the mating groove 36.

[0046] When the grouting connector 43 and the grouting adapter 32 are connected, the end of the grouting connector 43 will be inserted into the inside of the docking groove 36. At this time, the sealing gasket 361 is placed between the grouting connector 43 and the docking groove 36 to seal the connection and prevent leakage during the grouting process.

[0047] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, a rotating block 352 is rotatably connected inside the grouting adapter 32. A rotating plate 353 is fixed on the side of the rotating block 352 near the locking block 331. A protrusion 334 is fixed at the top of the fixing bracket 33 below the rotating plate 353.

[0048] After the locking block 331 is initially fixed outside the limiting ring 431, the rotating block 352 rotates, causing the rotating plate 353 to flip. At this time, the rotating plate 353 presses the fixing frame 33 downward. After the fixing frame 33 is pressed, it is closer to the limiting ring 431. At the same time, the rotating plate 353 moves the protrusion 334, which pulls the fixing frame 33 into the interior of the movable cavity 321. At this time, the fixing frame 33 drives the locking block 331 to pull the limiting ring 431. At this time, the limiting ring 431 is in a fixed state, which makes the grouting adapter 32 closer to the grouting connector 43, and the grouting connector 43 closer to the sealing gasket 361, which can make the connection and sealing between the grouting connector 43 and the grouting adapter 32 better.

[0049] like Figures 4 to 7As shown, a gear 354 is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft of the rotating block 352. A second rack 351 is meshed with the side of the gear 354 near the clamping block 331. A pressing block 35 is fixed to the top of the second rack 351. The pressing block 35 is located on the outside of the grouting adapter 32. A coil spring 355 is fixed to the outside of the rotating shaft of the rotating block 352. The outside of the coil spring 355 is fixedly connected to the grouting adapter 32.

[0050] After the locking block 331 is locked outside the limiting ring 431, the male adapter 42 can be inserted into the female adapter 4. During the insertion process, the inner side of the male adapter 42 pushes the inclined surface of the extrusion block 35. At this time, the extrusion block 35 pushes the second rack 351 downward. The downward movement of the second rack 351 can drive the gear 354 to rotate. The gear 354 drives the rotating block 352 to rotate, and the coil spring 355 is tightened. At this time, the fixing bracket 33 can pull the locking block 331 to tighten the grouting connector 43 and the grouting adapter 32. At the same time, the position of the extrusion block 35 remains fixed during the process of the male adapter 42 being placed inside the female adapter 4. The locking block 331 and the limiting ring 431 can be self-locked, maintaining the stability of the grouting adapter 32 and the grouting connector 43.

[0051] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the locking block 331 has an inner inclined surface 332 on the side near the first spring 333;

[0052] After use, the grouting connector 43 and the grouting adapter 32 need to be separated. At this time, the male adapter 42 is pulled out from the inside of the female adapter 4, and the pressing block 35 loses its external fixing force. The coil spring 355 drives the gear 354 to rotate in the opposite direction. At this time, the gear 354 drives the second rack 351 to move upward, which can make the second rack 351 drive the pressing block 35 to return to its original position. At the same time, the rotating block 352 drives the rotating plate 353 to rotate in the opposite direction to return to its original position. Then, the elastic force of the first spring 333 will push the fixing bracket 33 upward. Pulling the fixed frame 33 resets the frame. At this time, the locking block 331 and the limiting ring 431 are initially fixed. The surface of the inner inclined surface 332 is in contact with the limiting ring 431. Pulling the high-pressure grouting hose 31 moves the grouting adapter 32, which in turn moves the fixed frame 33. Under the guidance of the inner inclined surface 332, the locking block 331 can be pushed up by the limiting ring 431. Then the limiting ring 431 can be separated from the locking block 331, making it easier to separate the grouting connector 43 and the grouting adapter 32.

[0053] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the grouting adapter 32 has two symmetrically arranged baffles 34 internally connected to it, and limit blocks 322 are fixed on both sides inside the grouting adapter 32.

[0054] After the grouting adapter 32 and the grouting connector 43 are connected, the two baffle plates 34 rotate inside the grouting adapter 32. At this time, the inside of the grouting adapter 32 is opened, and grout can be introduced into the grouting connector 43 through the grouting adapter 32. When the grouting adapter 32 and the grouting connector 43 are separated, the two baffle plates 34 flip in the opposite direction to seal the inside of the grouting adapter 32, so that the grout inside the high-pressure grouting hose 31 can be retained inside and reused for the next grouting, reducing the waste of grout. The limiting block 322 can limit the baffle plate 34 to prevent it from flipping too much.

[0055] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, a rotating rod 341 is fixed to the top of the baffle plate 34. A tooth 343 is provided on one side of the rotating rod 341. A first rack 344 is meshed with one side of the tooth 343. A telescopic rod 346 is fixed to the side of the first rack 344 away from the rotating rod 341. The telescopic rod 346 is movably connected to the inside of the grouting adapter 32. A second spring 345 is fixed to one end of the telescopic rod 346 near the first rack 344. The other end of the second spring 345 is fixedly connected to the grouting adapter 32. A pusher 347 is fixed to the other end of the telescopic rod 346. A pull rod 342 is fixed to the top of the rotating rod 341. The pull rod 342 is located on the outside of the grouting adapter 32.

[0056] When the grouting connector 43 approaches the grouting adapter 32, the limiting ring 431 will approach the pusher 347. Then, the limiting ring 431 pushes the pusher 347 to drive the telescopic rod 346. The telescopic rod 346 drives the first rack 344. The first rack 344 can drive the rotating rod 341 to rotate through the teeth 343. At this time, the rotating rod 341 can drive the baffle plate 34 to open. When the grouting connector 43 separates from the grouting adapter 32, the pusher 347 loses its fixing force. At this time, the second spring 345 pushes... The telescopic rod 346 drives the first rack 344 to move in the opposite direction. The first rack 344 drives the rotating rod 341 to rotate in the opposite direction through the teeth 343. At this time, the rotating rod 341 drives the baffle plate 34 to reset and automatically seal the inside of the grouting adapter 32. When it is necessary to clean the inside of the high-pressure grouting hose 31 after grouting is completed, the baffle plate 34 needs to be opened. At this time, manually pulling the rod 342 can drive the baffle plate 34 to flip through the rotating rod 341, so that the inside of the grouting adapter 32 can be opened for easy cleaning.

[0057] A modular grouting method suitable for treating karst caves in tunnels includes the following steps:

[0058] Material selection: Based on the calculated required advancing distance, determine the length and quantity of the required pipe shed steel pipe 1 and the required length of the advancing rod 2;

[0059] Pipe roof drilling: Calculate the distance the pipe roof needs to be advanced based on site requirements, use a pipe roof drilling rig to drill into the soil, and drill to the required distance;

[0060] Installation components: Connect the pipe roof steel pipe 1 to be advanced end to end through the docking seat 11 and the butt joint 12. Connect the butt joint 12 of the last section of the pipe roof steel pipe 1 to the adapter female head 4. Connect the rear end of the push rod 2 to the output end of the pipe roof drilling rig. Connect the front end of the push rod 2 to the adapter male head 42. Then install the grouting connector 43 inside the adapter female head 4. Pass the high pressure grouting hose 31 through the push rod 2 and the adapter male head 42 and connect it to the grouting connector 43 through the grouting adapter 32 so that the high pressure grouting hose 31 is connected to the inside of the pipe roof steel pipe 1.

[0061] Pipe roof advancement: Start the pipe roof drilling rig and use the push rod 2 to drive the pipe roof steel pipe 1 into the karst soil of the tunnel;

[0062] Grouting: Separate the pipe roof drilling rig from the push rod 2, then connect the other end of the high-pressure grouting hose 31 to the grout stop valve 3 using the grouting adapter 32, and connect the other end of the grout stop valve 3 to the high-pressure grouting machine. Use the grouting machine to grout the pipe roof steel pipe 1.

[0063] Disassembly of components: After grouting, separate the male adapter 42 from the female adapter 4, and at the same time separate the grouting connector 43 from the grouting adapter 32.

[0064] The connection of the grouting adapter 32 and the grouting connector 43 as described in the installation assembly includes the following steps:

[0065] S1. Align the front end of the grouting adapter 32 with the rear end of the grouting connector 43, and push the grouting adapter 32 to fit tightly against the grouting connector 43;

[0066] S2. The grouting adapter 32 and the grouting connector 43 are fixed together by hooking the limiting ring 431 with the fixing bracket 33.

[0067] S3. During the movement of the limit ring 431, the pusher 347 is pushed, which drives the baffle plate 34 to rotate and open the inside of the grouting adapter 32.

[0068] S4. The male adapter 42 is inserted into the interior of the female adapter 4, and the inner wall of the male adapter 42 presses the extrusion block 35. The extrusion block 35 drives the fixing frame 33 to tighten the limiting ring 431.

[0069] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular grouting device suitable for treating karst caves in tunnels, characterized in that, The system includes a pipe roof steel pipe (1), one end of which is provided with a mating seat (11), and the other end of which is fixed with a connector (12). The mating seat (11) can be threadedly connected to the connector (12). The external thread of the connector (12) is connected to an adapter female (4), and the internal thread of the adapter female (4) is connected to a grouting connector (43). An adapter male (42) is inserted into the side of the adapter female (4) away from the connector (12). A high-pressure grouting hose (31) is installed inside the adapter male (42). Both ends of the high-pressure grouting hose (31) are fixed with grouting adapters (32). A grout stop valve (3) is installed at the end of the grouting adapter (32) away from the female adapter (4) of the grouting hose (31). The grouting adapter (32) at the end of the high-pressure grouting hose (31) near the female adapter (4) is located inside the male adapter (42). The grouting adapter (32) is connected to the inside of the grouting connector (43). A push rod (2) is threaded to the end of the male adapter (42) away from the female adapter (4). The high-pressure grouting hose (31) passes through the inside of the push rod (2). A grout stop plug (41) is sleeved on the outside of the female adapter (4). An air vent (411) is opened inside the grout stop plug (41). A limiting ring (431) is fixed to the outside of the grouting connector (43) near the grouting adapter (32). The grouting adapter (32) has an open movable cavity (321) inside. A fixed frame (33) is provided inside the movable cavity (321). A first spring (333) is fixed to the top of the fixed frame (33). The top of the first spring (333) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the movable cavity (321). A locking block (331) is fixed to the bottom of the fixed frame (33) near the limiting ring (431). Six sets of locking blocks (331) are provided inside the grouting adapter (32). The grouting adapter (32) has two symmetrically arranged baffles (34) inside for rotational connection, and limit blocks (322) are fixed on both sides inside the grouting adapter (32). A rotating rod (341) is fixed at the top of the baffle plate (34). A tooth (343) is provided on one side of the rotating rod (341). A first rack (344) is meshed on one side of the tooth (343). A telescopic rod (346) is fixed on the side of the first rack (344) away from the rotating rod (341). The telescopic rod (346) is movably connected inside the grouting adapter (32). A second spring (345) is fixed at one end of the telescopic rod (346) near the first rack (344). The other end of the second spring (345) is fixedly connected to the grouting adapter (32). A pusher (347) is fixed at the other end of the telescopic rod (346). A pull rod (342) is fixed at the top of the rotating rod (341). The pull rod (342) is located on the outside of the grouting adapter (32).

2. A modular grouting device suitable for tunnel karst cave treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grouting adapter (32) has a mating groove (36) at one end near the grouting connector (43), and a sealing gasket (361) is provided inside the mating groove (36).

3. A modular grouting device suitable for tunnel karst cave treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The grouting adapter (32) has a rotating block (352) inside, and a rotating plate (353) is fixed on the side of the rotating block (352) near the locking block (331). A protrusion (334) is fixed at the top of the fixing frame (33) below the rotating plate (353).

4. A modular grouting device suitable for tunnel karst cave treatment according to claim 3, characterized in that: A gear (354) is fixed to the end of the rotating block (352) shaft. A second rack (351) is meshed with the side of the gear (354) near the clamping block (331). A pressing block (35) is fixed to the top of the second rack (351). The pressing block (35) is located on the outside of the grouting adapter (32). A coil spring (355) is fixed to the outside of the rotating block (352) shaft. The outside of the coil spring (355) is fixedly connected to the grouting adapter (32).

5. A modular grouting device suitable for tunnel karst cave treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking block (331) has an inner inclined surface (332) on the side near the first spring (333).

6. A modular grouting method suitable for treating tunnel karst caves, comprising grouting using the modular grouting device for treating tunnel karst caves as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The grouting method includes the following steps: Material selection: Based on the calculated distance to be advanced, determine the length and quantity of the required pipe shed steel pipes (1) and the required length of the push rod (2); Pipe roof drilling: Calculate the distance the pipe roof needs to be advanced based on site requirements, use a pipe roof drilling rig to drill into the soil, and drill to the required distance; Installation components: Connect the pipe roof steel pipe (1) to be pushed end to end through the docking seat (11) and the butt joint (12). Connect the butt joint (12) of the last section of the pipe roof steel pipe (1) to the adapter female head (4). Connect the rear end of the push rod (2) to the output end of the pipe roof drilling machine. Connect the front end of the push rod (2) to the adapter male head (42). Then install the grouting connector (43) inside the adapter female head (4). Pass the high pressure grouting hose (31) through the push rod (2) and the adapter male head (42) and connect it to the grouting connector (43) through the grouting adapter (32) so that the high pressure grouting hose (31) is connected to the inside of the pipe roof steel pipe (1). Pipe roof advancement: Start the pipe roof drilling rig and use the push rod (2) to drive the pipe roof steel pipe (1) into the karst soil of the tunnel; Grouting: Separate the pipe roof drilling rig from the push rod (2), then connect the other end of the high pressure grouting hose (31) to the grout stop valve (3) using the grouting adapter (32), and connect the other end of the grout stop valve (3) to the high pressure grouting machine. Use the grouting machine to grout the pipe roof steel pipe (1). Disassembly of components: After grouting, separate the male adapter (42) from the female adapter (4), and at the same time separate the grouting connector (43) from the grouting adapter (32).

7. A modular grouting method for treating karst caves in tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connection of the grouting adapter (32) and grouting connector (43) as described in the installation assembly includes the following steps: S1. Align the front end of the grouting adapter (32) with the rear end of the grouting connector (43) and push the grouting adapter (32) to fit tightly against the grouting connector (43). S2. The grouting adapter (32) and the grouting connector (43) are fixed together by hooking the limiting ring (431) with the fixing bracket (33); S3. During the movement of the limiting ring (431), it pushes the pusher (347), causing the baffle plate (34) to rotate and open the inside of the grouting adapter (32); S4. The male adapter (42) is inserted into the interior of the female adapter (4), and the extrusion block (35) is pressed by the inner wall of the male adapter (42). The extrusion block (35) drives the fixing frame (33) to tighten the limiting ring (431).

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