Karst collapse simulation experiment device of multi-factor action mechanism

Abstract

The invention provides a karst collapse simulation experiment device of a multi-factor action mechanism, and belongs to the field of karst collapse simulation experiments.The karst collapse simulation experiment device comprises a test box, a karst foundation, a karst cave, an underground water circulation unit, a pressure measuring unit, two position adjusting assemblies and two water spraying assemblies, and the karst foundation with the karst cave is filled in a simulation construction site in the test box; the underground water circulation unit pumps and drains water at the same time to simulate underground water circulation of a karst cave, then only pumps water but not drains water to simulate underground water pumping on a construction site, the two water spraying assemblies spray water into the test box to simulate natural rainfall, and the two position adjusting assemblies move in the test box to form pressure test spaces at all positions in the test box correspondingly. Then the two water spraying assemblies spray water to the pressure testing space until the sprayed water presses the karst foundation in the pressure testing space to collapse, and the pressure measuring unit measures the pressure value during collapse, so that the ultimate bearing capacity simulation experiment is carried out on the karst foundation in the pressure testing space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of karst collapse simulation experiments, and in particular relates to a karst collapse simulation experiment device with a multi-factor action mechanism. Background Art

[0002] The study of the laws of karst collapse should first start with the factors that affect collapse. There are many factors that affect karst collapse. The karst in each area is the result of the combined influence of its unique stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, geomorphic evolution history, climate, hydrology, etc. Among them, the hydrological network is one of the important factors causing karst collapse.

[0003] In the actual process of studying the laws of karst collapse, it is difficult to study karst collapse directly on site due to the influence of uncontrollable factors such as weather and environment. Therefore, existing research on karst collapse is usually carried out through simulation experiments indoors.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent with the publication number of "CN117388466A" discloses "an experimental device for simulating the formation and evolution of karst ground collapse". The invention forms a rock mass by filling in the lower part of the simulation box, forms a soil layer by filling in the upper part of the simulation box, and provides a number of irregularly shaped salt cavities in the rock mass. The left and right ends of the simulation box are respectively provided with water flow control devices, which are used to form an aquifer in the soil layer and simulate the flow of groundwater. A rainfall simulation device is provided above the simulation box, and a data collection device is provided above and on the outer wall of the simulation box. The data collection device is used to collect displacement information, collapse process, stress change and three-dimensional terrain data. Finally, the law of karst ground collapse formation and evolution is analyzed by computer based on the collected data information. However, when construction is required in karst geology, it is necessary to know the ultimate bearing capacity of each position of the karst foundation, so as to select a karst foundation with high ultimate bearing capacity for construction on site, and the invention can only simulate the entire karst surface at the same time during the experiment.

[0005] Therefore, its shortcoming is that in the karst collapse simulation experiment, the invention cannot measure the ultimate bearing capacity of each position separately. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a karst collapse simulation experimental device with a multi-factor action mechanism, so as to solve the problem that the prior art cannot measure the ultimate bearing capacity of each position separately.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned and other related purposes, the present invention provides a karst collapse simulation experimental device with a multi-factor action mechanism, the device comprising: A test box, a karst foundation and a karst cave, wherein the karst foundation is located in the test box, and the karst cave is located in the karst foundation and runs through the side walls on both sides of the length direction of the karst foundation; A groundwater circulation unit, the groundwater circulation unit comprising a first water pump and a second water pump, the water outlet of the first water pump being connected to one end of the cave, and the water inlet of the second water pump being connected to the other end of the cave; An ultimate bearing capacity simulation unit, the ultimate bearing capacity simulation unit is installed on the test box, the ultimate bearing capacity simulation unit includes two position adjustment components and two water spray components, the two position adjustment components are relatively arranged along the length direction of the test box, and the two position adjustment components can move in the test box along the length direction of the test box, the two water spray components are relatively arranged along the length direction of the test box, a pressure test space is formed between the two position adjustment components, each of the position adjustment components is fixedly connected to a water spray component, and the water spray component injects water into the pressure test space between the two position adjustment components; A pressure measuring unit is installed on the karst foundation, and the pressure measuring unit monitors the pressure of the karst foundation in the pressure test space.

[0008] As an optional solution, each of the position adjustment components includes a push plate, a first telescopic power source, an air bag, an air pump, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe; The push plate is located in the test box and above the karst foundation. The push plate can move along the length direction of the test box. The airbag is installed around the push plate. The extended end of the first telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the push plate, and the fixed end of the first telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the test box. The push plate moves along the length direction of the test box under the action of the first telescopic power source. The air pump is fixedly connected to the test box, one end of the first connecting tube is connected to the air delivery end of the air pump, the other end of the first connecting tube passes through the test box and is connected to the air bag, one end of the second connecting tube is connected to the air extraction end of the air pump, the other end of the second connecting tube passes through the test box and is connected to the air bag; When the air bags of the two position adjustment components are inflated, the pressure test space can be sealed.

[0009] As an optional solution, each of the water spraying assemblies includes a water tank, a third water pump, a water outlet hose, a spray head and a three-way joint; The water tank is fixedly connected to the test box, the third water pump is located in the water tank, the water pumping end of the third water pump extends into the water tank and communicates with the water tank, the water delivery end of the third water pump is communicated with one end of a water outlet hose, the water outlet hose passes through the test box and the push plate in sequence and then extends between the two push plates, the water outlet hose is fixedly connected to the intersection of the push plate, and the other end of the water outlet hose is fixedly connected to a nozzle; The three-way joint is fixedly connected to the water outlet hose, and the three-way joint is located in the test box and between the third water pump and the push plate.

[0010] As an optional solution, the device also includes two second telescopic power sources and two push blocks; The two push blocks are both located in the pressure test space, and each push block is provided with a guide slope. The push block can move along the width direction of the test box, and the guide slope contacts the nozzle to push the nozzle to rotate the water spraying direction; Each of the push blocks is fixedly connected to an extended end of a second telescopic power source, and the fixed end of the second telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the push plate. The guide slope on the push block pushes the nozzle under the action of the second telescopic power source to change the water spraying direction of the nozzle.

[0011] As an optional solution, the device also includes two third telescopic power sources and two baffles; The side walls on both sides of the test box in the length direction are provided with first openings, the two first openings are located at the upper parts of the two water tanks and the two first openings are respectively connected to the water tanks located on both sides of the test box in the length direction, and the lower end surface of the first opening is flush with the upper end surface of the karst foundation; Baffles are provided on both sides of the test box in the length direction, and each of the baffles can open or close the first opening on the test box on the corresponding side; Each of the baffles is fixedly connected to a protruding end of a third telescopic power source, and a fixed end of the third telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the test box. The baffle opens or closes the first opening under the action of the third telescopic power source.

[0012] As an optional solution, the first water pump is located in a water tank on one side of the test box, the water pumping end of the first water pump extends into the corresponding water tank, and the water delivery end of the first water pump penetrates the corresponding water tank and the side wall of the test box and is connected to one end of the cave; The second water pump is located in the water tank on the other side of the test box. The water pumping end of the second water pump passes through the corresponding water tank and the side wall of the test box and is connected to the other end of the cave. The water delivery end of the second water pump extends into the corresponding water tank.

[0013] As an optional solution, the pressure measurement unit includes a plurality of pressure sensors, and the plurality of pressure sensors are all located above the cave, and the plurality of pressure sensors are linearly arrayed along the length direction of the karst foundation.

[0014] As an optional solution, the device further includes a plurality of visual sensors; The upper end surface of the test box is provided with a plurality of transparent windows, which are arranged in a linear array along the length direction of the test box. A visual sensor is installed on each transparent window, and the visual sensor collects image data in the test box.

[0015] As an optional solution, the device further includes a fourth telescopic power source; The test box is rotatably arranged relative to the ground along the width direction of the test box; The fourth telescopic power source is installed on the ground, the protruding end of the fourth telescopic power source is hinged to one of the water tanks, and the hinge axis is parallel to the rotation axis of the test box. The test box rotates along the width direction of the test box under the action of the fourth telescopic power source.

[0016] As described above, the karst collapse simulation experimental device with a multi-factor action mechanism of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention forms a pressure test space above the karst foundation at a designated position by a push plate, and after the pressure test space is closed by an inflated airbag, a nozzle sprays water in the pressure test space, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the karst foundation is simulated by the continuously increasing pressure of water on the karst foundation. After the ultimate bearing capacity simulation experiment at this position is completed, the next position can be selected to repeat the experiment. The push plate and the airbag can also form an end test space above the end position of the karst foundation, and the third joint of the three-way joint sprays water in the end test space, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the end position of the karst foundation is simulated by the continuously increasing pressure of water on the karst foundation. In this way, it is possible to perform a simulation test of the ultimate bearing capacity of each position of the karst foundation, so as to facilitate the selection of a karst foundation with a high ultimate bearing capacity for construction work on site.

[0017] 2. The present invention can not only deliver water to the cave through the first pump body while the second pump body draws water from the cave to simulate the influence of the groundwater circulation of the cave on the karst foundation collapse under natural conditions, but also close the first pump body and only draw water from the cave through the second pump body to simulate the influence of extracting groundwater on the karst foundation collapse at the construction site, and can also control the water spray assembly to spray water into the test box after opening the first opening by moving the baffle through the third telescopic power source, so that water flows from the box body into the test box and then flows back to the water tank through the first opening to simulate the influence of the ground water circulation of the karst foundation under natural conditions on the karst foundation collapse, and the ground water circulation and the ground water circulation can be carried out separately or simultaneously, thereby realizing the karst foundation collapse simulation test of multi-factor action mechanism.

[0018] 3. The test box of the present invention can rotate along the width direction of the test box under the action of the fourth telescopic power source to realize karst collapse simulation experiments on karst foundations with different slopes, thereby simulating karst foundations with slopes in actual terrain, and the structural design is ingenious.

[0019] 4. When the nozzle simulates rainfall, the push block of the present invention continuously pushes the nozzle to change the rotation direction of the nozzle through the back and forth extension of the second telescopic power source, so that the nozzle can spray on the karst foundation in the test box from different angles, so that all positions of the karst foundation can be sprayed with water during simulated rainfall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the test box of the present invention; Figure 3 Shown is a partial cross-sectional view related to the karst foundation of the present invention; Figure 4 Shown is an exploded view between the test box and the cover plate of the present invention; Figure 5 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the water spray assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the third telescopic power source and the baffle of the present invention; Figure 7 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the rotating column and the supporting column of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 101, test box; 102, karst foundation; 103, cave; 104, cover plate; 105, second opening; 201, a first water pump; 202, a second water pump; 301, push plate; 302, first telescopic power source; 303, air bag; 304, air pump; 305, first connecting pipe; 306, second connecting pipe; 401, water tank; 402, third water pump; 403, water outlet hose; 404, nozzle; 405, three-way connector; 501, second telescopic power source; 502, push block; 503, guide slope; 601, third telescopic power source; 602, baffle; 603, first opening; 701. Pressure sensor; 801, visual sensor; 802, transparent window; 901. Fourth telescopic power source; 902. Rotating column; 903. Support column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by means of specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0023] See also Figures 1 to 7. It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0024] The following embodiments are only for illustration purposes and can be combined with each other, and are not limited to the contents presented in the following single embodiments.

[0025] See also Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides a karst collapse simulation experimental device with a multi-factor action mechanism, the device comprising: A test box 101, a karst foundation 102, a karst cave 103 and a cover plate 104, wherein the karst foundation 102 is located in the test box 101, a second opening 105 is provided on the upper end surface of the test box 101, and the cover plate 104 can open or close the second opening 105, and the karst cave 103 is located in the karst foundation 102 and runs through the side walls on both sides of the karst foundation 102 in the length direction; A groundwater circulation unit, the groundwater circulation unit comprising a first water pump 201 and a second water pump 202, the water outlet of the first water pump 201 being connected to one end of the cave 103, and the water inlet of the second water pump 202 being connected to the other end of the cave 103; An ultimate bearing capacity simulation unit, the ultimate bearing capacity simulation unit is installed on the test box 101, the ultimate bearing capacity simulation unit includes two position adjustment components and two water spray components, the two position adjustment components are relatively arranged along the length direction of the test box 101, and the two position adjustment components can move along the length direction of the test box 101 in the test box 101, the two water spray components are relatively arranged along the length direction of the test box 101, a pressure test space is formed between the two position adjustment components, each of the position adjustment components is fixedly connected to a water spray component, and the water spray component injects water into the pressure test space between the two position adjustment components; A pressure measuring unit is installed on the karst foundation 102, and the pressure measuring unit monitors the pressure of the karst foundation 102 in the pressure test space.

[0026] In this embodiment, a karst foundation 102 with a cave 103 is filled in a test box 101 to simulate a construction site, a first water pump 201 delivers water to the cave 103, and a second water pump 202 pumps water from the cave 103 to simulate the groundwater circulation of the cave 103, then the first water pump 201 stops delivering water to the cave 103, and the second water pump 202 continues to pump water from the cave 103 to simulate the extraction of groundwater at the construction site, two position adjustment components move in the test box 101 to form a pressure test space in the test box 101, and then both water spraying components spray water into the pressure test space until the sprayed water presses the karst foundation 102 in the pressure test space to collapse, thereby performing an ultimate bearing capacity simulation experiment on the karst foundation 102 in the pressure test space.

[0027] The present invention can not only simulate the influence of groundwater circulation of the cave 103 on the collapse of the karst foundation 102 under natural conditions, but also simulate the influence of the collapse of the karst foundation 102 when groundwater is extracted at the construction site. It can also spray water on the pressure test space above the specified part of the karst foundation 102 to simulate the ultimate bearing capacity of the karst foundation 102 through the continuously increasing pressure of water on the karst foundation 102. In this way, it is possible to perform a simulation test of the ultimate bearing capacity of each position of the karst foundation 102, thereby realizing a karst collapse simulation test on the karst foundation 102 with a multi-factor action mechanism.

[0028] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 Each of the position adjustment components includes a push plate 301, a first telescopic power source 302, an air bag 303, an air pump 304, a first connecting pipe 305 and a second connecting pipe 306; The first telescopic power source 302 is not limited here, and its function is to provide telescopic power, and it can be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric telescopic rod, etc.; The push plate 301 is located in the test box 101 and above the karst foundation 102. The push plate 301 can move along the length direction of the test box 101. The airbag 303 is installed around the push plate 301. The extended end of the first telescopic power source 302 is fixedly connected to the push plate 301, and the fixed end of the first telescopic power source 302 is fixedly connected to the test box 101. The push plate 301 moves along the length direction of the test box 101 under the action of the first telescopic power source 302. The air pump 304 is fixedly connected to the test box 101, one end of the first connecting tube 305 is connected to the air delivery end of the air pump 304, the other end of the first connecting tube 305 passes through the test box 101 and is connected to the air bag 303, one end of the second connecting tube 306 is connected to the air extraction end of the air pump 304, the other end of the second connecting tube 306 passes through the test box 101 and is connected to the air bag 303; When the airbags 303 of the two position adjustment assemblies are inflated, the pressure test space can be sealed.

[0029] In this embodiment, when the ultimate bearing capacity simulation test is carried out on the designated position of the karst foundation 102, when the first telescopic power source 302 on both sides pushes the two push plates 301 to the designated position, a pressure test space is formed between the two push plates 301, and then the air bags 303 on both sides are inflated by the action of the air pumps 304 on each side, so that the air bags 303 are respectively inflated with the upper end surface of the karst foundation 102, the side walls on both sides of the width direction of the test box 101 and the upper end surface inside the test box 101, thereby sealing the pressure test space until subsequent operations.

[0030] The airbags 303 on both sides of the present invention are connected to various places inside the test box 101 when not inflated. After inflation, the inside of the test box 101 is divided into three sealed spaces, thereby sealing the pressure test space between the two airbags 303, which is convenient for subsequent ultimate bearing capacity simulation experiments.

[0031] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 Each of the water spraying components includes a water tank 401, a third water pump 402, a water outlet hose 403, a spray head 404 and a three-way connector 405; The water tank 401 is fixedly connected to the test box 101, the third water pump 402 is located in the water tank 401, the water pumping end of the third water pump 402 extends into the water tank 401 and communicates with the water tank 401, the water delivery end of the third water pump 402 is communicated with one end of a water outlet hose 403, the water outlet hose 403 passes through the test box 101 and the push plate 301 in sequence and then extends between the two push plates 301, the intersection of the water outlet hose 403 and the push plate 301 is detachably fixedly connected, and the other end of the water outlet hose 403 is fixedly connected to a nozzle 404; The three-way joint 405 is fixedly connected to the water outlet hose 403. The three-way joint 405 is located in the test box 101 and between the third water pump 402 and the push plate 301. The first joint and the second joint of the three-way joint 405 are connected to the water outlet hose 403. The third joint of the three-way joint 405 is connected to the test box 101. The third joint of the three-way joint 405 and the nozzle 404 can be closed or opened by corresponding caps. The closing and opening of the third connector and the nozzle 404 are not limited here, and can be opened or closed by the corresponding cap as described above, or can be opened or closed by having a built-in solenoid valve in both the third connector and the nozzle 404.

[0032] In this embodiment, when the ultimate bearing capacity simulation experiment is performed on the pressure test space, the first telescopic power source 302 on both sides pushes the two push plates 301 to the specified position, and then the pressure test space is formed between the two push plates 301, and then the air bags 303 on both sides are inflated by the air pumps 304 on each side, so as to seal the pressure test space, and then the third water pumps 402 on both sides start to pump water, at which time the nozzles 404 are in an open state, and the cap of the three-way joint 405 closes the third joint of the three-way joint 405, and the third water pumps 402 on both sides pour the water in the corresponding water tank 401 into the pressure test space through the nozzles 404 until the karst foundation 102 in the pressure test space collapses; When the ultimate bearing capacity simulation test is carried out on the karst foundation 102 at the end of the length direction of the test box 101, after the first telescopic power source 302 on both sides moves the push plate 301 to the specified position, the two push plates 301 respectively form an end test space with the side walls of the test box 101 in the corresponding length direction, and then the air bags 303 on both sides are inflated by the action of the air pumps 304 on each side, so as to seal the end test space, and then the third water pumps 402 on both sides start to pump water. At this time, the three-way joint 405 is in an open state, and the cap of the nozzle 404 closes the nozzle 404. The third water pumps 402 on both sides pour the water in the corresponding water tank 401 into their respective end test spaces through the third joint until the karst foundation 102 in the end test spaces on both sides collapses.

[0033] The present invention can not only perform ultimate bearing capacity simulation tests on various positions in the middle part of the karst foundation 102, but also perform ultimate bearing capacity simulation tests on positions at both ends of the karst foundation 102, thereby realizing ultimate bearing capacity simulation tests on various positions of the entire karst foundation 102, which is convenient for selecting the karst foundation 102 at a position with high bearing capacity for construction during the actual construction process, so as to ensure the safety and quality of the construction.

[0034] See also Figure 2 and Figure 5 , the device also includes two second telescopic power sources 501 and two push blocks 502; The second telescopic power source 501 is not limited here, and its function is to provide telescopic power, and can be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric telescopic rod, etc.; The two push blocks 502 are both located in the pressure test space. Each push block 502 is provided with a guide slope 503. The push block 502 can move along the width direction of the test box 101. The guide slope 503 contacts the nozzle 404 to push the nozzle 404 to rotate the water spraying direction. Each of the push blocks 502 is fixedly connected to an extended end of a second telescopic power source 501, and the fixed end of the second telescopic power source 501 is fixedly connected to the push plate 301. The guide slope 503 on the push block 502 pushes the nozzle 404 under the action of the second telescopic power source 501 to change the water spraying direction of the nozzle 404.

[0035] In this embodiment, when simulating rainfall on the upper end surface of the karst foundation 102, first, the first telescopic power sources 302 on both sides move the two push plates 301 in opposite directions to the farthest distance in the test box 101, and the air bags 303 on both sides are respectively evacuated under the action of the air pumps 304 on each side to ensure that the various parts of the space in the test box 101 are connected, and then the third water pumps 402 on both sides start to pump water. At this time, the nozzle 404 is in an open state, and the cap of the three-way joint 405 closes the third joint of the three-way joint 405, and then the nozzle 404 sprays the water pumped by the third water pump 402. When the nozzle 404 sprays water, the second telescopic power source 501 continuously retracts and retracts back and forth, so that the guide slope 503 on the push block 502 pushes the nozzle 404 under the action of the second telescopic power source 501 to continuously change the water spraying direction of the nozzle 404, thereby simulating rainfall.

[0036] The push block 502 of the present invention can continuously change the rotation direction of the nozzle 404 when the nozzle 404 simulates rainfall, so that the nozzle 404 sprays in the test box 101 from different angles and then falls on the karst foundation 102, so that all positions of the karst foundation 102 can be sprayed with water during simulated rainfall, and the structural design is ingenious.

[0037] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 , the device also includes two third telescopic power sources 601 and two baffles 602; The third telescopic power source 601 is not limited here. Its function is to provide telescopic power, and it can be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric telescopic rod, etc. The side walls of the test box 101 on both sides in the length direction are provided with first openings 603, the two first openings 603 are located at the upper parts of the two water tanks 401 and the two first openings 603 are respectively connected to the water tanks 401 located on both sides in the length direction of the test box 101, and the lower end surface of the first opening 603 is flush with the upper end surface of the karst foundation 102; Baffles 602 are provided on both sides of the test box 101 in the length direction, and each of the baffles 602 can open or close the first opening 603 on the test box 101 on the corresponding side; Each of the baffles 602 is fixedly connected to a protruding end of a third telescopic power source 601 , and a fixed end of the third telescopic power source 601 is fixedly connected to the test box 101 . The baffle 602 opens or closes the first opening 603 under the action of the third telescopic power source 601 .

[0038] In this embodiment, when simulated rainfall is performed on the upper end surface of the karst foundation 102, the baffles 602 on both sides open the first openings 603 under the action of the third telescopic power sources 601 on both sides. At this time, the nozzle 404 sprays the water pumped from the water tank 401 by the third water pump 402. The water sprayed by the nozzle 404 is sprinkled on the upper end surface of the karst foundation 102 and then returns to the water tank 401 through the first opening 603, so as to realize the ground water circulation of the karst foundation 102.

[0039] When simulating rainfall, the present invention can spray water from the water tank 401 through the nozzle 404 onto the karst foundation 102 and then return to the water tank 401 through the first opening 603, so that the simulated rainfall test can be continuously performed to realize the ground water circulation of the karst foundation 102.

[0040] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 The first water pump 201 is located in a water tank 401 on one side of the test box 101, the water pumping end of the first water pump 201 extends into the corresponding water tank 401, and the water delivery end of the first water pump 201 penetrates the corresponding water tank 401 and the side wall of the test box 101 and is connected to one end of the cave 103; The second water pump 202 is located in the water tank 401 on the other side of the test box 101. The water pumping end of the second water pump 202 passes through the corresponding water tank 401 and the side wall of the test box 101 and is connected to the other end of the cave 103. The water delivery end of the second water pump 202 extends into the corresponding water tank 401.

[0041] In this embodiment, when simulating the groundwater circulation of the cave 103 on the karst foundation 102, the first water pump 201 draws water from the water tank 401 on one side of the test box 101 into the cave 103, and the second water pump 202 draws water in the cave 103 into the water tank 401 on the other side of the test box 101.

[0042] When simulating the groundwater circulation of the cave 103, the present invention can pump water into the cave 103 through the first water pump 201, and the second water pump 202 can extract water from the cave 103 to realize the groundwater circulation of the cave 103. The groundwater circulation of the present invention can be carried out alone or simultaneously with the surface water circulation, thereby realizing a karst collapse simulation test on the karst foundation 102 with a multi-factor action mechanism.

[0043] See also Figure 3The pressure measuring unit includes a plurality of pressure sensors 701 , and the plurality of pressure sensors 701 are all located above the cave 103 , and the plurality of pressure sensors 701 are linearly arrayed along the length direction of the karst foundation 102 .

[0044] In this embodiment, when the first telescopic power source 302 on both sides moves the two push plates 301 to the designated position to form a pressure test space, the first telescopic power source 302 moves the push plates 301 to at least one pressure sensor 701 on the karst foundation 102 in the pressure test space formed between the two push plates 301 and stops, and then an ultimate bearing capacity simulation experiment is performed in the pressure test space. When the karst foundation 102 in the pressure test space collapses, the pressure sensor 701 measures the ultimate bearing capacity at the time of collapse; When each push plate 301 forms an end test space with the side wall of the test box 101 in the corresponding length direction under the action of its respective first telescopic power source 302, each first telescopic power source 302 stops after forming at least one pressure sensor 701 on the karst foundation 102 in the end test space between its respective push plate 301 and the side wall of the test box 101 in the corresponding length direction, and then an ultimate bearing capacity simulation experiment is carried out in the end test space. When the karst foundation 102 in the end test space collapses, the pressure sensor 701 measures the ultimate bearing capacity at the time of collapse.

[0045] The pressure sensor 701 of the present invention can monitor the ultimate bearing capacity of karst collapse at various locations in real time, making it easier to select locations with higher ultimate bearing capacity on the karst foundation 102 for construction during actual construction, thereby reducing the incidence of karst foundation 102 collapse accidents during construction.

[0046] See also Figure 4 , the device also includes a plurality of visual sensors 801; The cover plate 104 is provided with a plurality of transparent windows 802 , which are arranged in a linear array along the length direction of the test box 101 . A visual sensor 801 is installed on each transparent window 802 , and the visual sensor 801 collects image data in the test box 101 .

[0047] In this embodiment, when the first telescopic power source 302 on both sides moves the two push plates 301 to the designated position to form a pressure test space, the first telescopic power source 302 moves the push plates 301 to the pressure test space formed between the two push plates 301. At the same time, there is at least one pressure sensor 701 on the karst foundation 102 and at least one visual sensor 801 on the upper end surface of the pressure test space, and then stops. Then, an ultimate bearing capacity simulation experiment is performed in the pressure test space. When the karst foundation 102 in the pressure test space collapses, the visual sensor 801 monitors the image data at the time of collapse, and the pressure sensor 701 measures the ultimate bearing capacity at the time of collapse. When each push plate 301 forms an end test space between the side wall of the test box 101 in the corresponding length direction under the action of its respective first telescopic power source 302, each first telescopic power source 302 stops after forming an end test space between its respective push plate 301 and the side wall of the test box 101 in the corresponding length direction, and at least one pressure sensor 701 is provided on the karst foundation 102 in the end test space, and at least one visual sensor 801 is provided on the upper end surface of the end test space. Then, an ultimate bearing capacity simulation experiment is carried out in the end test space. When the karst foundation 102 in the end test space collapses, the visual sensor 801 monitors the image data at the time of collapse, and the pressure sensor 701 measures the ultimate bearing capacity at the time of collapse.

[0048] The visual sensor 801 of the present invention can replace the manual monitoring of the specific time of the karst foundation 102 collapse during the experiment, so as to obtain the ultimate bearing capacity measured by the pressure sensor 701 during this time, so that the present invention does not require manual monitoring during the karst collapse simulation test, thereby saving manpower.

[0049] See also Figure 7 , the device also includes a fourth telescopic power source 901, a rotating column 902 and two supporting columns 903; The fourth telescopic power source 901 is not limited here, and its function is to provide telescopic power, and can be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric telescopic rod, etc.; The test box 101 is rotatably arranged relative to the ground along the width direction of the test box 101; The fourth telescopic power source 901 is installed on the ground, the protruding end of the fourth telescopic power source 901 is hinged to one of the water tanks 401, and the hinge axis is parallel to the rotation axis of the test box 101, the two support columns 903 are installed on the ground, and the lower end surface of the other water tank 401 is fixedly connected with a rotating column 902, and the rotating column 902 is located between the two support columns 903. Both ends of the rotating column 902 rotate to extend into the support column 903, and the axial extension line of the rotating column 902 is parallel to the width direction of the test box 101. The test box 101 rotates along the width direction of the test box 101 under the action of the fourth telescopic power source 901.

[0050] In this embodiment, when a karst collapse simulation experiment is performed on a karst foundation 102 with different slopes, the fourth telescopic power source 901 is firstly extended to rotate the test box 101 to form a specified angle with the ground, and then a subsequent karst collapse simulation experiment is performed.

[0051] The present invention can perform karst collapse simulation experiments on karst foundations 102 with different slopes through the action of the fourth telescopic power source 901, thereby being able to simulate the karst foundation 102 with a slope in the actual terrain, and the structural design is ingenious.

[0052] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A karst collapse simulation experimental device with multiple factors, characterized in that: The device comprises: A test box, a karst foundation and a karst cave, wherein the karst foundation is located in the test box, and the karst cave is located in the karst foundation and runs through the side walls on both sides of the length direction of the karst foundation; A groundwater circulation unit, the groundwater circulation unit comprising a first water pump and a second water pump, the water outlet of the first water pump being connected to one end of the cave, and the water inlet of the second water pump being connected to the other end of the cave; An ultimate bearing capacity simulation unit, the ultimate bearing capacity simulation unit is installed on the test box, the ultimate bearing capacity simulation unit includes two position adjustment components and two water spray components, the two position adjustment components are relatively arranged along the length direction of the test box, and the two position adjustment components can move in the test box along the length direction of the test box, the two water spray components are relatively arranged along the length direction of the test box, a pressure test space is formed between the two position adjustment components, each of the position adjustment components is fixedly connected to a water spray component, and the water spray component injects water into the pressure test space between the two position adjustment components; A pressure measuring unit is installed on the karst foundation, and the pressure measuring unit monitors the pressure of the karst foundation in the pressure test space.

2. The karst collapse simulation experimental device with multiple factors according to claim 1 is characterized by: Each of the position adjustment components includes a push plate, a first telescopic power source, an air bag, an air pump, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe; The push plate is located in the test box and above the karst foundation. The push plate can move along the length direction of the test box. The airbag is installed around the push plate. The extended end of the first telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the push plate, and the fixed end of the first telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the test box. The push plate moves along the length direction of the test box under the action of the first telescopic power source. The air pump is fixedly connected to the test box, one end of the first connecting tube is connected to the air delivery end of the air pump, the other end of the first connecting tube passes through the test box and is connected to the air bag, one end of the second connecting tube is connected to the air extraction end of the air pump, the other end of the second connecting tube passes through the test box and is connected to the air bag; When the air bags of the two position adjustment components are inflated, the pressure test space can be sealed.

3. The karst collapse simulation experimental device with multiple factors according to claim 1 is characterized by: Each of the water spraying components comprises a water tank, a third water pump, a water outlet hose, a spray head and a three-way joint; The water tank is fixedly connected to the test box, the third water pump is located in the water tank, the water pumping end of the third water pump extends into the water tank and communicates with the water tank, the water delivery end of the third water pump is communicated with one end of a water outlet hose, the water outlet hose passes through the test box and the push plate in sequence and then extends between the two push plates, the water outlet hose is fixedly connected to the intersection of the push plate, and the other end of the water outlet hose is fixedly connected to a nozzle; The three-way joint is fixedly connected to the water outlet hose, and the three-way joint is located in the test box and between the third water pump and the push plate.

4. The karst collapse simulation experimental device with multiple factors according to claim 3 is characterized by: The device also includes two second telescopic power sources and two push blocks; The two push blocks are both located in the pressure test space, and each push block is provided with a guide slope. The push block can move along the width direction of the test box, and the guide slope contacts the nozzle to push the nozzle to rotate the water spraying direction; Each of the push blocks is fixedly connected to an extended end of a second telescopic power source, and the fixed end of the second telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the push plate. The guide slope on the push block pushes the nozzle under the action of the second telescopic power source to change the water spraying direction of the nozzle.

5. The karst collapse simulation experimental device with multiple factors according to claim 3 is characterized by: The device also includes two third telescopic power sources and two baffles; The side walls on both sides of the test box in the length direction are provided with first openings, the two first openings are located at the upper parts of the two water tanks and the two first openings are respectively connected to the water tanks located on both sides of the test box in the length direction, and the lower end surface of the first opening is flush with the upper end surface of the karst foundation; Baffles are provided on both sides of the test box in the length direction, and each of the baffles can open or close the first opening on the test box on the corresponding side; Each of the baffles is fixedly connected to a protruding end of a third telescopic power source, and a fixed end of the third telescopic power source is fixedly connected to the test box. The baffle opens or closes the first opening under the action of the third telescopic power source.

6. The karst collapse simulation experimental device with multiple factors according to claim 3 is characterized by: The first water pump is located in a water tank on one side of the test box, the water pumping end of the first water pump extends into the corresponding water tank, and the water delivery end of the first water pump penetrates the corresponding water tank and the side wall of the test box and is connected to one end of the cave; The second water pump is located in the water tank on the other side of the test box. The water pumping end of the second water pump passes through the corresponding water tank and the side wall of the test box and is connected to the other end of the cave. The water delivery end of the second water pump extends into the corresponding water tank.

7. The karst collapse simulation experimental device with multiple factors according to claim 1 is characterized by: The pressure measuring unit comprises a plurality of pressure sensors, and the plurality of pressure sensors are all located above the cave, and the plurality of pressure sensors are arranged in a linear array along the length direction of the karst foundation.

8. The karst collapse simulation experimental device with multiple factors according to claim 1 is characterized by: The device also includes a plurality of visual sensors; The upper end surface of the test box is provided with a plurality of transparent windows, which are arranged in a linear array along the length direction of the test box. A visual sensor is installed on each transparent window, and the visual sensor collects image data in the test box.

9. The karst collapse simulation experimental device with multiple factors according to claim 3 is characterized by: The device also includes a fourth telescopic power source; The test box is rotatably arranged relative to the ground along the width direction of the test box; The fourth telescopic power source is installed on the ground, the protruding end of the fourth telescopic power source is hinged to one of the water tanks, and the hinge axis is parallel to the rotation axis of the test box. The test box rotates along the width direction of the test box under the action of the fourth telescopic power source.

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