Millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on metasurface

Abstract

The invention discloses a millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased-array antenna based on a metasurface. The phased-array antenna is formed by integrating an active wide-angle scanning antenna and a passive high-gain reflecting antenna. The antenna mainly comprises a radiation laminated metasurface, an isolation wall, a metal floor with an etching gap, a cavity resonance suppression wall, an active radiation feed network layer and a passive reflection phase regulation and control network layer. The radiation laminated metasurface is located on the uppermost layer, the active radiation feed network is located on the next layer, the passive reflection phase regulation and control network layer is located on the lowermost layer, the metal floor is arranged between the radiation laminated metasurface layer and the feed network layer, and a gap is etched in the metal floor and used for exciting the metasurface antenna to generate polarization radiation characteristics; and active radiation and passive reflection are partially polarized and orthogonal, so that the polarization isolation is ensured. According to the invention, the innovative design of the active and passive integrated antenna is realized, and compared with the traditional antenna, the passive high-gain reflection performance is maintained under the same aperture, and the active wide-angle scanning capability is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave phased array antennas, and in particular relates to a millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface. Background Art

[0002] In the future, 6G systems will develop towards intelligence, and the base station coverage capability and system spectrum utilization rate will be significantly improved. Multi-standard wide-coverage micro base stations and intelligent metasurface (RIS) collaborative communications will emerge. If the active wide-angle scanning coverage provided by satellite communication ground stations is integrated with the passive reflection capability of RIS to achieve dynamic control and real-time optimization of the communication environment, the system capacity can be effectively improved (Serup, Daniel Edelgaard, Gert Frølund Pedersen, and Shuai Zhang. "Dual-band shared aperture reflectarray and patch antenna arrayfor S-and Ka-bands." [J] IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 70.3(2021): 2340-2345.). However, traditional antennas can generally only actively radiate or receive, and electromagnetic surfaces can only passively reflect, and cannot simultaneously achieve flexible beamforming and high-gain radiation. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface in view of the above-mentioned existing deficiencies. The present invention not only has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, small size and simple structure, but also can ensure that the millimeter wave array can achieve wide-angle scanning, high gain and other performances.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface comprises a millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna arranged on a substrate, the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna comprising a plurality of stacked metasurface units, a metal isolation wall, a metal floor etched with a cross I-shaped gap, a one-to-many active radiation feeding network, a metal floor etched with an I-shaped gap, a passive reflection phase control network, a cavity resonance suppression wall, a phase delay line and a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer, the stacked metasurface unit is located on the first layer, there are a plurality of stacked metasurface units, each stacked metasurface unit is surrounded by a metal isolation wall, the second layer below the stacked metasurface unit is a metal floor etched with a cross I-shaped gap, the third layer is a one-to-many active radiation feeding network, the one-to-many active radiation feeding network simultaneously connects a plurality of stacked metasurface units in the y-axis direction in series, and excites active radiation to scan along an xoz plane; the fourth layer is a metal floor etched with an I-shaped gap, and the polarization corresponding to the gap of the metal floor etched with the I-shaped gap is related to the passive radiation The polarization direction of the radiation along the yoz plane is consistent. The fifth layer is a passive reflection phase control network, which is connected to the phase delay line. The sixth layer is a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer, which is connected to the one-to-many active radiation feeding network. The cavity resonance suppression wall is a grounded metal column that runs through the medium from the second to the sixth layer. The second, third and sixth layers of the structure constitute an active radiation whole. The feeding energy is fed into the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer of the sixth layer and transferred to the one-to-many active radiation feeding network of the third layer. The metal floor with a cross-shaped gap etched on it excites the stacked metasurface unit to generate radiation polarized along the xoz plane. The second, fourth and fifth layers of the structure constitute a passive reflection whole. The stacked metasurface unit receives the spherical wave energy polarized along the yoz plane, and reaches the passive reflection phase control network of the fifth layer through the metal floors of the second and fourth layers. The phase of the reflection of each unit is controlled by changing the length of the phase delay line, so that the incident spherical wave is compensated for the in-phase plane wave energy emission.

[0005] To optimize the above technical solutions, the specific measures taken also include: The above-mentioned millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna is a 20×20 antenna array. The overall active radiation scanning angle is greater than ±60° within the working range of the millimeter-wave frequency band. The overall passive reflection 3dB gain bandwidth covers the same frequency band of active radiation, and the gain is greater than 24.89dBi. The one-to-many active radiation feeding network is a one-to-four active radiation feeding network. Correspondingly, the one-to-four active radiation feeding network simultaneously connects four stacked metasurface units in series along the y-axis direction.

[0006] The above-mentioned stacked metasurface unit includes multiple layers of metasurfaces, and the multiple layers of metasurfaces are stacked symmetrically along the center.

[0007] The shape of the above-mentioned stacked super surface unit is square, square ring, rectangle or rectangular cut corners.

[0008] The above-mentioned metal isolation wall surrounds the laminated super surface unit in a square, polygonal or circular form.

[0009] The metal floor with etched cross-shaped gaps is provided with a plurality of cross-shaped gaps, each of which is formed by orthogonally overlapping two I-shaped gaps. The metal floor with etched I-shaped gaps is provided with a plurality of I-shaped gaps, and the middle section of the I-shaped gap is in the shape of a straight line or a gradual double cone.

[0010] The one-to-many active radiation feeding network adopts a feeding form of a stripline feeding network, a microstrip line feeding network, a substrate integrated waveguide feeding network or a coplanar waveguide feeding network.

[0011] The phase delay line mentioned above adopts a strip line, a microstrip line, a substrate integrated waveguide or a coplanar waveguide with variable length or shape.

[0012] The grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer adopts a feeding form of a stripline feeding network, a microstrip line feeding network, a substrate integrated waveguide feeding network or a coplanar waveguide feeding network.

[0013] The above-mentioned substrate adopts a PCB dielectric substrate or a low-temperature co-fired ceramic substrate.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention realizes the high miniaturization of phased array antennas through stacked metasurface units and capacitive loading technology, and significantly reduces the array spacing, which is suitable for application scenarios with strict space requirements and facilitates dense deployment.

[0015] (2) The phased array antenna of the present invention has wide-angle scanning performance. The active radiation part supports beam scanning in a large angle range and can cover a wider spatial area. It is suitable for communication and radar systems that require wide signal coverage.

[0016] (3) The phased array antenna of the present invention has high gain and high efficiency performance. The passive reflection part has high gain characteristics, which can significantly improve the signal transmission distance and quality. At the same time, the aperture efficiency is high, ensuring more efficient energy utilization.

[0017] (4) The present invention has dual-polarization capability. The symmetrical design of the laminated metasurface unit enables it to support dual-polarization radiation, can flexibly respond to signals with different polarization directions, and enhance the environmental adaptability of the antenna.

[0018] (5) The active radiation and passive reflection of the present invention operate in the same frequency band, with a wide bandwidth coverage range, which can meet the needs of multi-band communications and is suitable for complex spectrum environments.

[0019] (6) The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to process and has a low cost, and thus can be mass-produced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laminated metasurface unit; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal floor with a cross-shaped gap etched; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a one-to-many active radiation feeding network; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal floor with I-shaped gaps etched; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the passive reflection phase control network; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer; Fig. 9 It is a side view of the structure position of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of the laminated metasurface unit; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of a metal floor with a cross-shaped gap etched; Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer; Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of a one-to-many active radiation feeding network; Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of a metal floor with I-shaped gaps etched; Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the feeder structure dimensions in the passive reflection phase control network; Fig.16 is the phase delay line arrangement diagram; Fig.17 yes Fig.16 A magnified view of the structure of part A; Fig.18 is a schematic diagram of the working setting of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.19 is a reflection phase compensation range diagram of a passive reflection unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 20 is a diagram of active radiation capability of the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.21 is a diagram of the passive reflection capability of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; The meanings of the symbols in the attached drawings are: millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1, laminated metasurface unit 2, metal isolation wall 3, metal floor with etched cross-shaped gaps 4, one-to-many active radiation feeding network 5, metal floor with etched I-shaped gaps 6, passive reflection phase control network 7, cavity resonance suppression wall 8, phase delay line 9, grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is described and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments provided in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] Obviously, the drawings described below are only some examples or embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, the present application can also be applied to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without creative work. In addition, it can also be understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complicated and lengthy, for ordinary technicians in this field related to the content disclosed in this application, some changes in design, manufacturing or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are just conventional technical means, and should not be understood as insufficient content disclosed in this application.

[0023] Reference to "embodiments" in this application means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms involved in this application should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the technical field to which this application belongs. The words "one", "a", "a", "the" and the like involved in this application do not indicate a quantitative limitation, and may represent the singular or plural. The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and any of their variations involved in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units that are not listed, or may also include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The words "connect", "connected", "coupled" and the like involved in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The "multiple" / "several" involved in this application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. involved in this application are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects.

[0025] In this embodiment, the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 includes a laminated metasurface unit 2, a metal isolation wall 3, a metal floor 4 etched with a cross-shaped gap, a one-to-four active radiation feeding network, a metal floor etched with an I-shaped gap 6, a passive reflection phase control network 7, a cavity resonance suppression wall 8, a phase delay line 9 and a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer 10.

[0026] In this embodiment, Figure 1-8 As shown, the stacked metasurface unit 2 is located in the first layer, each unit is surrounded by a metal isolation wall 3, and the second layer below the unit is a metal floor 4 etched with a cross-shaped gap; the third layer is a one-to-four active radiation feeding network, which stimulates active radiation to scan along the xoz plane; the fourth layer is a metal floor 6 etched with an I-shaped gap, and the polarization corresponding to the gap etching is consistent with the polarization direction of the passive radiation along the yoz plane; the fifth layer is a passive reflection phase control network 7, which controls the reflection phase by changing the length of the phase delay line 9; the sixth layer is a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer 10, which is connected to the one-to-four active radiation feeding network; the cavity resonance suppression wall 8 is a grounded metal column that runs through the medium from the second layer to the sixth layer, and the cavity resonance suppression wall 8 is used to suppress the cavity resonance.

[0027] In this embodiment, the radiator of the laminated metasurface unit 2 is formed in the form of a laminated metasurface, and the capacitive loading under the laminate makes the antenna miniaturized, and the array spacing is only 0.42λ, which is conducive to the compact arrangement of the antenna array and realizes wide-angle scanning performance under active radiation. At the same time, because the laminated metasurface unit 2 is symmetrical along the center, it also has dual-polarization radiation capability.

[0028] The feeding part of the active radiation as a whole mainly includes the second, third and sixth layers of structures. An active radiation subarray is composed of four stacked metasurface units 2 connected in series along the y-axis direction in a one-to-four active radiation feeding network. The feeding energy is fed into the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer 10 from the RF connector of the sixth layer, and then transferred to the one-to-four active radiation feeding network of the third layer. The metal floor 4 with a cross-shaped slit etched therein excites the stacked metasurface unit 2 to generate radiation polarized along the xoz plane, thereby realizing the active radiation and wide-angle scanning performance of the antenna.

[0029] The phase control part of the passive reflection as a whole mainly includes the second, fourth and fifth layer structures. The stacked metasurface unit 2 receives the spherical wave energy polarized along the yoz plane, passes through the metal floors of the second and fourth layers and reaches the passive reflection phase control network 7 of the fifth layer. By changing the length of the phase delay line 9, the phase of the reflection of each unit is controlled, so that the incident spherical wave is compensated for the in-phase plane wave energy emission, thereby improving the directional gain of the passive reflection.

[0030] In this embodiment, the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 is processed by PCB technology, and the dielectric substrate is Rogers 3006. The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate ε r is [1, 10.2], the thickness is [0.01λ, 0.3λ], and the thickness of the metal floor is [0.005λ, 0.1λ], where λ is the free space wavelength.

[0031] The layered side view of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 is shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown. The thickness of the first layer H 1 is [0.02λ, 0.15λ], the thickness of the second layer H 2 is [0.01λ, 0.15λ], the thickness of the third layer H 3 is [0.02λ, 0.15λ], the thickness of the fourth layer H 4 is [0.02λ, 0.15λ], the thickness of the fifth layer H 5 is [0.02λ, 0.15λ], the thickness of the sixth layer H 6is [0.02λ, 0.15λ], where λ is the free space wavelength.

[0032] The parameters of each part of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 are as follows Figure 10-17 As shown. The width of the upper layer of the super surface of the stacked super surface unit 2 MS 1 is [0.01λ, 0.15λ], the hypersurface gap Mg 1 is [0.005λ, 0.01λ], the width of the lower hypersurface MS 2 is [0.02λ, 0.3λ], the hypersurface gap Mg 2 is [0.005λ, 0.01λ]; the diameter of the metal column of the metal isolation wall 3 Mr is [0.01λ, 0.15λ], the spacing between metal pillars Rd =[0.02λ, 0.25λ]; the length of the I-shaped gap in the metal floor 4 in which the cross I-shaped gap is etched La 1 is [0.1λ, 0.8λ], Lb 1 is [0.1λ, 0.8λ], width LS 1 is [0.001λ,0.25λ], LS 2 is [0.001λ,0.25λ]; the width of the feed line in the one-to-four active radiation feeding network FL 1 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], FL 2 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], FL 3 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], FL 4 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], the length of the feed line F 1 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], F 2 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], F 3 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], F 4 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], F 5 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], the radius of the feeder transition metal circle R 1is [0.001λ, 0.2λ]; the radius of the transition metal circle of the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer 10 R 2 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], the width of the feed line GL 3 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], the length of the feed line G 1 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], G 2 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ]; the size of the I-shaped gap in the metal floor 6 with the I-shaped gap etched is consistent with that in the metal floor 4 with the cross-shaped gap etched, and the floor width GL 1 is [0.3λ,0.6λ], GL 2 is [0.001λ,0.25λ], the floor length GW 1 is [0.3λ,0.6λ], GW 2 is [0.3λ, 0.6λ]; the feeder width in the passive reflection phase control network 7 RL 1 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], the feed line length Rd 1 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], the radius of the feeder transition metal circle R 3 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ]; the radius of the metal circle of the phase delay line 9 R 4 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], the feed line takes the unit center as the center, and the arc length φ is [0°, 360°], feeder width RL 2 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ]. The phase delay line 9 is one of the 20×20 array scales, and the phase delay lines 9 of the remaining units have different arc lengths, which are used to adjust the reflection phase compensation. In the 20×20 array scale, in this embodiment, 12×6 units realize active radiation through a one-to-four active radiation feeding network, and P1-P6 represent the one-to-four active radiation feeding network from the first row to the sixth row.

[0033] In this embodiment, the specific dimensions of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 are as follows: The layered side view of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 is shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown. The thickness of the first layer H 1 The second layer thickness is 0.133mm H2 The third layer thickness is 0.127mm H 3 The fourth layer thickness is 0.227mm H 4 0.345mm, the fifth layer thickness H 5 0.227mm, the sixth layer thickness H 6 is 0.227 mm, where λ is the free space wavelength.

[0034] The parameters of each part of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 are as follows Figure 10-17 As shown. The width of the upper layer of the super surface of the stacked super surface unit 2 MS 1 0.32mm, super surface clearance Mg 1 0.12mm, the lower super surface width MS 2 0.82mm, super surface clearance Mg 2 0.12mm; the diameter of the metal column of the metal isolation wall 3 Mr The spacing between metal pillars is 0.2mm Rd 0.45mm; the length of the I-shaped gap in the metal floor 4 etched cross I-shaped gap La 1 0.55mm, Lb 1 0.85mm, width LS 1 0.5mm, LS 2 0.12mm; the width of the feed line in the one-to-four active radiation feed network FL 1 0.1mm, FL 2 0.23mm, FL 3 0.4mm, FL 4 0.6mm, the length of the feed line F 1 1.1mm, F 2 4.5mm, F 3 1.8mm, F 4 1.4mm, F 5 2.03mm, the radius of the feeder transition metal circle R 10.23mm; Grounded coplanar waveguide feed layer 10 transition metal circle radius R 2 The width of the feed line is 0.35 mm GL 3 The length of the feed line is 0.45 mm. G 1 2.25mm, G 2 The size of the I-shaped gap in the metal floor 6 with the I-shaped gap etched is consistent with that in the metal floor 4 with the cross-shaped gap etched, and the floor width is GL 1 2.8mm, GL 2 0.7mm, floor length GW 1 1.5mm, GW 2 2.1 mm; the width of the feeder in the passive reflection phase control network 7 RL 1 0.6mm, feeder length Rd 1 1.8mm, the radius of the feeder transition metal circle R 3 0.23mm; Radius of the metal circle of the phase delay line 9 transition R 4 is 0.23mm, the feed line takes the unit center as the center, and the arc length φ 135°, feeder width RL 2 The phase delay line 9 is one of the 20×20 array units, and the phase delay lines 9 of the other units have different arc lengths, which are used to adjust the reflection phase compensation.

[0035] like Fig.18 The figure shows the working schematic diagram of the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1. The antenna realizes active wide-angle scanning radiation along the xoz plane, receives the energy incident from the horn antenna at +30° along the yoz plane, and emits it in the -30° direction with high gain.

[0036] like Fig.19 The figure shows the compensation phase of the passive reflection unit, which is obtained by changing the arc length of the phase delay line 9. φ , the reflection phase can be flexibly adjusted from 0° to 360°.

[0037] Fig. 20 The figure shows the active radiation performance of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1. The antenna can achieve a scanning performance greater than ±60° along the xoz plane within the band, and the gain drop is less than 3dB. The gain of the antenna within the band is greater than 15.3dBi. Fig.21 The figure shows the passive radiation performance of the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1. The maximum gain in the band is greater than 24.89dBi, the aperture efficiency is 44.5%, and the aperture efficiency in the band is greater than 21.1%.

[0038] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface, characterized in that: The invention comprises a millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna (1) arranged on a substrate, wherein the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna (1) comprises a plurality of stacked metasurface units (2), a metal isolation wall (3), a metal floor (4) etched with a cross-shaped I-shaped gap, a one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5), a metal floor (6) etched with an I-shaped gap, a passive reflection phase control network (7), a cavity resonance suppression wall (8), a phase delay line (9) and a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer (10), wherein the stacked metasurface unit (2) is located on the first layer, there are a plurality of stacked metasurface units (2), each stacked metasurface unit (2) is surrounded by a metal isolation wall (3), the second layer below the stacked metasurface unit (2) is a metal floor (4) etched with a cross-shaped I-shaped gap, and the third layer is a one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5), wherein the one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5) simultaneously connects in series a plurality of stacked metasurface units (2) along the y-axis direction to stimulate active radiation to scan along the xoz plane; The fourth layer is a metal floor (6) with I-shaped slots etched therein, the polarization corresponding to the slots of the metal floor (6) with I-shaped slots being consistent with the polarization direction of the passive radiation along the yoz plane, the fifth layer is a passive reflection phase control network (7), the passive reflection phase control network (7) is connected to the phase delay line (9), the sixth layer is a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer (10), the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer (10) is connected to the one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5); The cavity resonance suppression wall (8) is a grounded metal column that runs through the dielectrics from the second layer to the sixth layer; The second, third and sixth layers of the structure form an active radiation system. The feeding energy is fed into the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer (10) of the sixth layer, and is transferred to the one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5) of the third layer. The metal floor (4) with etched cross-shaped gaps excites the stacked metasurface unit (2) to generate radiation polarized along the xoz plane. The second, fourth and fifth layers of the structure form a passive reflection system. The stacked metasurface unit (2) receives spherical wave energy polarized along the yoz plane, and reaches the passive reflection phase control network (7) of the fifth layer through the metal floors of the second and fourth layers. The phase of each unit reflection is controlled by changing the length of the phase delay line (9), so that the incident spherical wave is compensated by the in-phase plane wave energy output.

2. The millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna (1) is a 20×20 antenna array, the active radiation overall scanning width angle is greater than ±60° within the millimeter wave frequency band working range, the passive reflection overall passive reflection 3dB gain bandwidth covers the same frequency band as the active radiation, and the gain is greater than 24.89dBi, the one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5) is a one-to-four active radiation feeding network, and accordingly, the one-to-four active radiation feeding network simultaneously connects four stacked metasurface units (2) in series along the y-axis direction.

3. The millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stacked supersurface unit (2) comprises multiple layers of supersurfaces, which are stacked symmetrically along the center.

4. The millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the laminated super surface unit (2) is a square, a square ring, a rectangle or a rectangle with cut corners.

5. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal isolation wall (3) surrounds the laminated super surface unit (2) in a square, polygonal or circular shape.

6. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal floor (4) with etched cross-shaped slits is provided with a plurality of cross-shaped slits, each cross-shaped slit being formed by orthogonally overlapping two I-shaped slits. The metal floor (6) with etched I-shaped slits is provided with a plurality of I-shaped slits, the middle section of the I-shaped slits being in the shape of a straight line or a gradient double cone.

7. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5) adopts a feeding form of a stripline feeding network, a microstrip line feeding network, a substrate integrated waveguide feeding network or a coplanar waveguide feeding network.

8. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase delay line (9) adopts a strip line, a microstrip line, a substrate integrated waveguide or a coplanar waveguide with variable length or shape.

9. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer (10) adopts a feeding form of a stripline feeding network, a microstrip line feeding network, a substrate integrated waveguide feeding network or a coplanar waveguide feeding network.

10. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate is a PCB dielectric substrate or a low temperature co-fired ceramic substrate.

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