One-way low-resistance circuit, electronic equipment and electric bicycle

Abstract

The invention discloses a one-way low-resistance circuit, electronic equipment and an electric bicycle. The one-way low-resistance circuit comprises a charge storage unit, an oscillation signal generation unit, a driving control unit and a low-resistance switch unit, the charge storage unit is used for storing charges to maintain the working state of the low-resistance switch unit; the oscillation signal generation unit is used for generating an oscillation signal and generating a driving voltage through coupling excitation; the driving control unit is used for receiving the driving voltage provided by the oscillation signal generation unit so as to drive the low-resistance switch unit to enter a conducting state; the low-resistance switch unit is used for entering a conducting state under the action of the driving control unit to realize one-way conduction, and the current protection unit is used for detecting the working voltage of the low-resistance switch unit and closing the low-resistance switch unit when the low-resistance switch unit is in an overcurrent condition, so that the energy loss can be effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the fast cut-off capability is achieved under the reverse current, and the safety and reliability of the system are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of circuit protection, and in particular to a unidirectional low-resistance circuit, an electronic device and an electric bicycle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic devices and new energy vehicles, the demand for circuit protection and energy efficiency optimization is increasing. In many application scenarios, such as photovoltaic systems, battery management systems, and charging protection of electric vehicles, unidirectional conductive circuits are a key component. The main function of such circuits is to achieve unidirectional flow of current, prevent reverse current from damaging the system, and reduce energy loss to improve overall efficiency.

[0003] In order to achieve unidirectional conduction function in the prior art, diodes or power diode circuits are usually used. However, the voltage drop of traditional diode solutions in forward conduction is about 0.6V-1V, which will cause large energy loss in high current application scenarios (such as electric bicycles or photovoltaic power systems), affecting the efficiency and performance of the system. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a unidirectional low-resistance circuit, an electronic device and an electric bicycle, aiming to solve at least one of the above problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a unidirectional low-resistance circuit, the unidirectional low-resistance circuit comprising: a charge storage unit, an oscillation signal generating unit, a drive control unit, and a low-resistance switch unit; The charge storage unit is used to store charge to maintain the working state of the low-resistance switch unit; The oscillation signal generating unit is used to generate an oscillation signal and generate a driving voltage through coupling excitation; The driving control unit is used to receive the driving voltage provided by the oscillation signal generating unit to drive the low-resistance switch unit to enter a conducting state; The low-resistance switch unit is used to enter a conducting state under the action of a driving control unit to achieve unidirectional conduction; The current protection unit is used to detect the working voltage of the low-resistance switch unit and turn off the low-resistance switch unit when the low-resistance switch unit is in an overcurrent condition.

[0006] In one embodiment, the low-resistance switch unit comprises a MOS tube, and the MOS tube comprises a body diode; When the driving control unit provides a voltage, the gate of the MOS tube is turned on and forms a low-resistance path to short-circuit the body diode.

[0007] In one embodiment, the unidirectional low-resistance circuit further includes: The voltage judgment unit is used to detect the working state of the low-resistance switch unit to judge whether it is necessary to control the oscillation signal generation unit to work.

[0008] In one embodiment, the voltage determination unit includes a reference source, a voltage dividing unit and a first shunt regulator; The reference source is used to provide a reference voltage; The voltage divider unit is used to provide a reference voltage for the first shunt regulator, and further monitor the gate voltage of the MOS tube to determine whether the charge storage unit needs to be charged to maintain the MOS tube conducting.

[0009] In one embodiment, the current protection unit is used to detect the voltage between the source and the drain of the MOS tube to obtain the current flowing through the MOS tube, and when the current passing through the MOS tube exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the low-resistance switch unit is in an overcurrent condition.

[0010] In one embodiment, the charge storage unit comprises a capacitor; The capacitor is used to store the charge required to maintain the MOS tube in the on state and provide a maintaining current when the MOS tube is in the on state.

[0011] In one embodiment, the oscillation signal generating unit is used to charge the capacitor when the MOS tube is in a cut-off state; The oscillation signal generating unit stops working when the MOS tube is in the on state.

[0012] In one embodiment, the driving control unit includes a transformer component, a resistor and a rectifier unit; The transformer component is used to receive the voltage provided by the oscillation signal generating unit and generate a driving voltage; The rectifying unit is used to rectify the driving power supply into direct current and provide voltage to the gate of the MOS tube through the resistor to drive the MOS tube.

[0013] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising the unidirectional low-resistance circuit as described in the first aspect.

[0014] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electric bicycle, comprising an electric bicycle body and the unidirectional low-resistance circuit as described in the first aspect or the electronic device as described in the second aspect.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application are: it can effectively reduce the forward conduction voltage, reduce energy loss, and at the same time have a fast cutoff capability under reverse current, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the system. The circuit can dynamically adjust the conduction and cutoff states, and is widely used in electric bicycles, battery management systems and other electronic devices, especially in scenarios that require high-efficiency, low-power unidirectional conductive solutions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit module provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit connection provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of reverse leakage parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the minimum starting voltage parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of output voltage parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit drive provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the turn-off time parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of conductivity parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of conductivity parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit provided by another embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Main component symbols One-way low resistance circuit 10 Charge storage unit 11 Oscillation signal generating unit 12 Drive control unit 13 Low resistance switching unit 14 Current protection unit 15 Voltage judgment unit 16 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0026] With the rapid development of electronic devices and new energy vehicles, the demand for circuit protection and energy efficiency optimization is increasing. In many application scenarios, such as photovoltaic systems, battery management systems, and charging protection of electric vehicles, unidirectional conductive circuits are a key component. The main function of such circuits is to achieve unidirectional flow of current, prevent reverse current from damaging the system, and reduce energy loss to improve overall efficiency.

[0027] In order to achieve unidirectional conduction function in the prior art, diodes or power diode circuits are usually used. However, the voltage drop of traditional diode solutions in forward conduction is about 0.6V-1V, which will cause large energy loss in high current application scenarios (such as electric bicycles or photovoltaic power systems), affecting the efficiency and performance of the system.

[0028] Therefore, the present application provides a unidirectional low-resistance circuit, electronic device and electric bicycle, which can effectively reduce the forward conduction voltage and energy loss, and at the same time have a fast cutoff capability under reverse current, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the system. The circuit can dynamically adjust the conduction and cutoff states, and is widely applicable to electric bicycles, battery management systems and other electronic devices, especially for scenarios requiring high-efficiency, low-power unidirectional conductive solutions.

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit module provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 The unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 shown includes at least the following parts: a charge storage unit 11 , an oscillation signal generating unit 12 , a driving control unit 13 , a low-resistance switch unit 14 , a current protection unit 15 and a voltage determination unit 16 .

[0030] Please also read Figure 2 , Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit connection provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present application, the charge storage unit 11 is used to store charges to maintain the working state of the low-resistance switch unit 14 .

[0032] Specifically, the charge storage unit 11 mainly includes a capacitor C2 and a rectifier diode VD3, which are used to store the charged charge, and these charges are used to maintain the on state of the low-resistance switch unit 14. When the MOS tube of the low-resistance switch unit 14 is turned on, the charge storage unit 11 supports the MOS tube gate by providing a stable voltage to ensure that it remains on for a period of time until the charge is gradually consumed. The design of the charge storage unit 11 can ensure the stability of the MOS tube conduction and control the MOS tube to be turned off through the discharge process.

[0033] It is understandable that the role of the charge storage unit 11 in the circuit is to provide a continuous voltage source to keep the MOS tube in the on state. Since the gate voltage of the MOS tube is crucial to the conduction of the MOS tube, the existence of the charge storage unit 11 enables the system to maintain the operation of the low-resistance switch unit for a certain period of time and avoid frequent oscillation or external interference.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present application, the oscillation signal generating unit 12 is used to generate an oscillation signal and generate a driving voltage through coupling excitation.

[0035] Specifically, the oscillation signal generating unit 12 is composed of a plurality of components (please refer to Figure 2 , transformer T1, transistor V1, transistor V2, transformer assembly L1, transformer assembly L2, transformer assembly L3, transformer assembly L4, resistor R8, resistor R7, capacitor C3 and capacitor C4), which can generate an oscillation signal with a frequency of 200kHz. This oscillation signal excites the low-resistance switch unit 14 by coupling and drives the current into the load. The frequency and amplitude of the oscillation signal can be optimized by adjusting the parameters of the relevant components, thereby ensuring the stability of the gate voltage of the MOS tube and making it in the on state.

[0036] Specifically, the transformer T1 includes a transformer assembly L1, a transformer assembly L2, a transformer assembly L3 and a transformer assembly L4, wherein the transformer assembly L1 and the transformer assembly L3 form a group of transformers, and the transformer assembly L2 and the transformer assembly L4 form another group of transformers. The working principle of the transformer T1 is to convert the input signal into a signal of different voltages through electromagnetic induction, and adjust the voltage output through corresponding coupling.

[0037] Specifically, when current flows in from the input terminal X2, it flows through the load RL through the body diodes of V0V0 and V0', and the body diodes of V0V0 and V0' will generate a voltage drop of about 0.6V to 1V. At this time, the transformer T1 generates a 200kHz oscillation signal through the coupling of the transformer component L1 and the transformer component L3. The signal generates a voltage between the transformer component L2 and the transformer component L4 through the coupling of the transformer T1. The voltage VL3 output by the transformer component L3 is about 4V, and the voltage VL4 output by the transformer component L4 is 12V. After VL4 is rectified by the rectifier diode VD3, it provides a voltage to the gates of V0V0 and V0' through the resistor R3, making them conductive, thereby changing V0V0 and V0' to a low resistance state (close to milliohms), realizing the low resistance switch function of the MOS tube.

[0038] It can be understood that the function of the oscillation signal generating unit 12 is to provide a periodic signal to drive the gate voltage of the low-resistance switch unit 14 (MOS tube). When the MOS tube needs to be turned on, the oscillation signal generating unit activates the low-resistance switch unit through the voltage signal output by it, and maintains the MOS tube in the on state until the charge in the charge storage unit 11 is gradually consumed.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the driving control unit 13 is used to receive the driving voltage provided by the oscillation signal generating unit 12 to drive the low-resistance switch unit 14 to enter the on state.

[0040] Specifically, the driving control unit 13 receives the voltage signal output by the oscillation signal generating unit 12, and converts it into a driving voltage suitable for controlling the gate of the MOS tube. The driving control unit includes components such as a transformer component, a resistor, and a rectifier unit. The transformer component is used to receive the AC signal of the oscillation signal generating unit and convert it into a driving voltage, the rectifier unit converts it into direct current, and the resistor is used to control the magnitude of the current to ensure that the gate voltage is appropriate and can effectively drive the MOS tube to conduct.

[0041] It is understandable that the main function of the drive control unit is to ensure that the gate of the MOS tube obtains sufficient drive voltage so that the MOS tube can be turned on quickly and remain on. The unit converts the AC signal into DC power and accurately controls the gate voltage of the MOS tube by adjusting the current to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present application, the low-resistance switch unit 14 is used to enter a conducting state under the action of the driving control unit 13 to achieve unidirectional conduction.

[0043] Specifically, the low-resistance switch unit 14 is composed of a MOS tube and its body diode. When the driving control unit 13 provides a voltage, the gate voltage of the MOS tube turns it on, forming a low-resistance path. At this time, the body diode is "short-circuited", and the current flows to the load through the MOS tube, and a unidirectional conduction function is realized. The low on-resistance of the MOS tube allows the current to flow efficiently, thereby improving the working efficiency of the circuit.

[0044] It is understandable that the function of the low-resistance switch unit 14 is to form a unidirectional current path through the MOS tube under the action of the driving control unit. The conduction of the MOS tube and the "short circuit" mechanism of the body diode ensure that the current can only flow in a predetermined direction, preventing the reverse current from affecting the circuit performance.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the low-resistance switch unit 14 includes a MOS transistor, and the MOS transistor includes a body diode. When the driving control unit 13 provides a voltage, the gate of the MOS transistor is turned on and forms a low-resistance path to short-circuit the body diode.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, the current protection unit 15 is used to detect the operating voltage of the low-resistance switch unit 14 and to turn off the low-resistance switch unit 14 when the low-resistance switch unit 14 is in an overcurrent condition.

[0047] Specifically, the current protection unit 15 is responsible for monitoring the current flowing through the low-resistance switch unit 14 (MOS tube), which monitors the voltage between the source and drain of the MOS tube. When the current exceeds the preset safety threshold, the voltage between the source and drain of the MOS tube rises, and the current protection unit 15 sends a shutdown signal to the low-resistance switch unit 14 to cut off the current to avoid overcurrent damage to the circuit. The working mechanism of the current protection unit ensures that the circuit can be automatically protected when the current is abnormal to prevent damage or failure.

[0048] It is understandable that the function of the current protection unit 15 is to prevent circuit overload and protect the low-resistance switch unit and other circuit components. In actual operation, if the current is too large, the current protection unit will detect it immediately and cut off the current to avoid damaging the circuit. This protection mechanism allows the entire circuit to operate stably in the face of abnormal working conditions.

[0049] Specifically, the current protection unit 15 is responsible for monitoring the current flowing through the low-resistance switch unit 14 (MOS tube), especially the voltage between the source and drain of the MOS tube. When the current exceeds the preset safety threshold, the current protection unit 15 will send a shutdown signal to the low-resistance switch unit 14 to cut off the current to avoid overcurrent damage to the circuit. The working mechanism of the current protection unit ensures that the circuit can be automatically protected when the current is abnormal to prevent damage or failure.

[0050] In the embodiment of the present application, the current protection unit 15 determines whether the working current through the MOS tube exceeds the preset threshold by directly detecting the voltage drop between the source and the drain of V0 and V0' in the low-resistance switch unit 14. Since the sampling resistor commonly used in the traditional design is eliminated, this solution effectively reduces the additional power loss and improves the overall efficiency of the circuit.

[0051] Specifically, when the MOS tube is turned on, the current protection unit 15 detects the D voltage drop of V0 and V0' in real time. If the detected voltage drop exceeds the set overcurrent threshold, the current protection unit 15 will trigger a shutdown signal in time to turn off the MOS tube, thereby avoiding component damage or efficiency reduction caused by overcurrent. This method of directly detecting the voltage drop not only reduces the circuit complexity, but also simplifies the circuit design and improves the overall performance and reliability of the system.

[0052] It is understandable that the function of the current protection unit 15 is to prevent circuit overload and protect the low-resistance switch unit and other circuit components. In actual operation, if the current is too large, the current protection unit will detect it immediately and cut off the current to avoid damaging the circuit. This protection mechanism allows the entire circuit to operate stably in the face of abnormal working conditions. This type of protection feature and characteristic is called "hiccup mode" In the embodiment of the present application, the unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 further includes: a voltage judgment unit 15 and a voltage judgment unit 16, which are used to detect the working state of the low-resistance switch unit to determine whether it is necessary to control the oscillation signal generating unit 12 to work.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present application, the voltage judgment unit 15 and the voltage judgment unit 16 include a reference source, a voltage dividing unit and a first shunt regulator. The reference source is used to provide a reference voltage. The voltage dividing unit is used to provide a reference voltage for the first shunt regulator, thereby monitoring the gate voltage of the MOS tube to determine whether it is necessary to charge the charge storage unit to keep the MOS tube turned on.

[0054] Specifically, the voltage judgment unit 15 and the voltage judgment unit 16 are used to detect the gate voltage of the low-resistance switch unit (MOS tube) to determine whether the charge storage unit needs to be charged, so as to maintain the conduction state of the MOS tube. The voltage judgment unit 15 and the voltage judgment unit 16 include a reference source, a voltage divider unit and a first shunt regulator. The reference source provides a stable reference voltage, and the voltage divider unit transmits the reference voltage to the first shunt regulator, which further adjusts the voltage to control the charging process of the charge storage unit.

[0055] It is understandable that the voltage judgment unit 15 and the voltage judgment unit 16 determine whether the charge storage unit needs to be charged by monitoring the gate voltage of the MOS tube. If the gate voltage drops below a certain value, the voltage judgment unit 15 and the voltage judgment unit 16 will trigger the oscillation signal generation unit to start working, provide charging for the charge storage unit, and ensure that the MOS tube remains in the on state.

[0056] In an embodiment of the present application, the current protection unit is used to detect the voltage between the source and the drain of the MOS tube to obtain the current flowing through the MOS tube, and when the current passing through the MOS tube exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the low-resistance switch unit is in an overcurrent condition.

[0057] Specifically, when the MOS tube is in the cut-off state, the oscillation signal generating unit starts to work and charges the charge storage unit by outputting an oscillation signal. During the charging process, the charge storage unit stores the charged charge and provides current when the MOS tube is turned on to maintain the on state. The oscillation signal generating unit stops working when the MOS tube is turned on, and the charge storage unit continues to provide current until the charge is gradually discharged.

[0058] It is understandable that the synergy between the oscillation signal generating unit and the charge storage unit ensures the stability of the MOS tube conduction state. When the charge storage unit provides current to the MOS tube gate, the oscillation signal generating unit no longer works, avoiding the waste of system resources and improving the efficiency of the circuit.

[0059] It is understandable that in the embodiment of the present application, the charge storage unit includes a capacitor. The capacitor is used to store the charge required to maintain the MOS tube in the on state and provide a maintenance current when the MOS tube is in the on state.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present application, the oscillation signal generating unit is used to charge the capacitor when the MOS tube is in the cut-off state. The oscillation signal generating unit stops working when the MOS tube is in the on state.

[0061] Specifically, the oscillation signal generating unit is used to charge the capacitor by generating a periodic oscillation signal when the MOS tube is in the cut-off state. The frequency and amplitude of these oscillation signals are determined by relevant components (such as resistors and capacitors) in the circuit. When the MOS tube is in the on state, the oscillation signal generating unit stops working to avoid consuming unnecessary energy and enables the charge storage unit to continue to maintain the on state of the MOS tube. The output of the oscillation signal ensures that the charge storage unit can be charged when needed and maintains sufficient charge to support the stable conduction of the MOS tube.

[0062] It can be understood that the role of the oscillation signal generating unit is to ensure that the charge storage unit has sufficient charge to support the maintenance of the MOS tube conduction state by providing a periodic charging signal. When the MOS tube is turned on, since the charge storage unit has provided sufficient voltage, the oscillation signal generating unit will no longer work, thereby optimizing the working efficiency of the system and reducing unnecessary energy consumption. In an embodiment of the present application, the drive control unit includes a transformer assembly, a resistor and a rectifier unit. The transformer assembly is used to receive the voltage provided by the oscillation signal generating unit and generate a driving voltage. The rectifier unit is used to rectify the driving power supply into direct current and provide a voltage to the gate of the MOS tube through a resistor to drive the MOS tube.

[0063] Specifically, the drive control unit includes a transformer component, a resistor and a rectifier unit. The transformer component receives the voltage signal from the oscillation signal generating unit and converts it into a driving voltage to control the gate voltage of the MOS tube. When the oscillation signal generating unit is working, the transformer component generates current by inducing the oscillation signal and limits it to an appropriate range through the resistor to ensure that the gate voltage of the MOS tube is sufficient to drive the MOS tube to turn on. The function of the rectifier unit is to rectify the AC signal in the power supply into DC power and stably supply power to the gate of the MOS tube to ensure that it is in the on state.

[0064] It is understandable that the main function of the drive control unit is to convert the AC signal provided by the oscillation signal generation unit into DC power, and ensure the stable conduction of the MOS tube by accurately controlling the gate voltage. The role of the rectifier unit is particularly important, which ensures that the gate voltage of the MOS tube is always maintained at an appropriate voltage value under different working conditions to ensure the stability and efficiency of the circuit.

[0065] The unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 of the embodiment of the present application can efficiently maintain the on-state of the MOS tube by coordinating the working units, while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. The oscillation signal generating unit charges the charge storage unit when the MOS tube is in the off-state. Once the MOS tube is turned on, the system reduces additional energy loss by stopping the operation of the oscillation signal generating unit. The precise control and rectification function of the drive control unit ensures the stability and reliability of the MOS tube gate voltage, further improving the working efficiency of the circuit.

[0066] It can be understood that the circuit optimizes current control, energy consumption and voltage stability while satisfying the unidirectional resistance function. This design can not only effectively avoid the problem of overcharging or overdischarging, but also ensure the unidirectional flow of current in the circuit, thereby greatly improving the reliability and stability of the circuit, reducing the potential risks caused by overcurrent or overvoltage, and extending the service life of the circuit.

[0067] The working process of the unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 provided in the present application is described below with reference to an exemplary embodiment.

[0068] Initial state When current is input from the input terminal X2, it flows through the load RL through the body diodes in V0 and V0'. At this time, the body diodes in V0 and V0' will generate a voltage drop (about 0.6V-1V), and the other parts of the unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 will start to work.

[0069] Oscillating signal generation After the body diodes in V0V0 and V0' generate a voltage drop, the oscillation signal generating unit 12 composed of transformer T1, transistor V1, transistor V2, resistor R8, resistor R7, capacitor C3 and capacitor C4 is activated. This oscillator generates an oscillation signal with a frequency of 200kHz, which is determined by the parameters of resistor R and capacitor C.

[0070] The oscillation signal is coupled to transformer component L3 and transformer component L4 via transformer T1 , and these two transformer components generate voltages: VL3 is approximately 4V, and VL4 is approximately 12V.

[0071] Drive control unit activated The voltage generated by the transformer component L4 is rectified by the rectifier diode VD3, and provides voltage to the gate of the MOS tubes in V0 and V0' through the resistor R3, driving the MOS tubes in V0 and V0' to turn on. At this time, the MOS tube enters a low-resistance state (on state, the on resistance is about milliohms), forming a low-resistance switch circuit.

[0072] Since the MOS tubes in V0 and V0' are turned on, the body diodes in V0 and V0' are "short-circuited", that is, the body diodes in V0 and V0' are stopped when the MOS tubes are turned on, resulting in the current flow of the load in the circuit not being affected by the diodes.

[0073] The oscillator stops working and the MOS tube remains on When V0 and V0' enter the low-resistance conduction state, the oscillation signal generating unit 12 stops working because it is no longer necessary to continue to provide an oscillation signal to drive the MOS tube.

[0074] The charge stored on the capacitor C2 maintains the MOS transistor in the on state. The gate of the MOS transistor is a high-resistance structure, so it consumes almost no current, thereby maintaining its on state.

[0075] MOS tube shuts down and oscillator restarts As the charge on capacitor C2 decreases over time due to leakage and high-resistance discharge of the MOS transistor gate, when the charge drops to a certain threshold, the gate voltage of the MOS transistors in V0 and V0' is insufficient to maintain their on state, and the MOS transistor is turned off.

[0076] The turning off of the MOS tubes V0 and V0' causes the body diodes in V0 and V0' to resume working again. At this time, the oscillation signal generating unit 12 is reactivated, and the oscillation signal is generated again and acts on the circuit.

[0077] The oscillation signal is coupled through the transformer T1 so that the transformer components L3 and L4 generate voltages again, wherein the voltage values ​​of VL3 and VL4 are the same as before (4V and 12V).

[0078] Overcurrent protection mechanism The reference source composed of resistors R6 and N2 provides a reference voltage, and VN2 acts on the reference terminal of N1 after being divided by resistors R5 and R2.

[0079] The circuit monitors the current flowing through the MOS tube through the voltage division ratio of the resistor R5 and the resistor R2 and the MOS tube on-resistance Ron, and determines whether there is an overcurrent phenomenon through the voltage of N1.

[0080] When the current reaches the set over-current protection value, the circuit will control the MOS tubes in V0 and V0' to turn off to prevent excessive current from damaging the circuit.

[0081] Cyclic Process As the charge on capacitor C2 gradually discharges over time, the MOS tube will be periodically turned off and on, causing the circuit state to change from the body diode in V0 and V0' being turned on to the MOS tube being turned on and then to the body diode in V0 and V0' being turned on, thus forming a stable, periodic switching process.

[0082] This process is repeated over and over again, ensuring that the circuit can work effectively and achieve unidirectional resistance control.

[0083] Please also read Figures 3 to 8 . Figure 3 A schematic diagram of reverse leakage parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the minimum starting voltage parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of output voltage parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit drive provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the turn-off time parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of conductivity parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of conductivity parameters of a unidirectional low-resistance circuit provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0084] like Figure 3 As shown, the reverse leakage current of the unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is at the μA level, and even at 120 degrees Celsius, the reverse leakage current is only 25 μA. Figure 4 As shown, the minimum starting voltage of the unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is still as low as 0.52V at -40 degrees, and even as low as 0.36V at 120 degrees. Figure 5 As shown, the high voltage and low voltage driven by the unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application both show a downward trend as the temperature rises. Even in a working environment of 120 degrees, the high voltage driven output is 5.5V and the low voltage driven output is 4.5V, which still maintains good output stability. Figure 6 As shown, the turn-off time of the unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is in the μS level, with the highest being 3.33 μS and the lowest being as low as 2.95 μS. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application can reach a conductivity of more than 80% at 0.1 ampere when the forward working current is low (0-1 ampere), and can reach a conductivity of more than 90% at high temperature environments except 125 degrees Celsius. For high forward working currents (1-16 amperes), the conductivity can reach more than 96%.

[0085] The unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application has an extremely low reverse leakage current, and even in a high temperature environment (120 degrees Celsius), the reverse leakage current is only 25μA, which significantly improves the energy efficiency and safety of the circuit. In addition, the minimum startup voltage of the circuit shows excellent temperature adaptability, which is as low as 0.52V at -40 degrees Celsius and as low as 0.36V at 120 degrees Celsius, thereby achieving a startup characteristic with lower power consumption, which is suitable for a wider range of working environments and application scenarios.

[0086] In addition, the unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 of the embodiment of the present application still maintains good output stability and fast response characteristics under high temperature conditions. Even in an environment of 120 degrees Celsius, the drive output high voltage is 5.5V and the low voltage is 4.5V. At the same time, the shutdown time can be as low as 2.95μs and as high as 3.33μs, ensuring the efficient operation and safety protection of the circuit. When the forward working current of the circuit is low (0-1 ampere), the conduction rate of the circuit can reach more than 80% at 0.1 ampere, and it can reach more than 96% at high forward working current (1-16 amperes), which effectively reduces the power consumption of the circuit and meets the requirements of high performance and high reliability.

[0087] The present application provides an electronic device, including: Figure 1 The unidirectional low resistance circuit 10 is shown.

[0088] The present application provides an electric bicycle, including an electric bicycle body and Figure 1 The unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 shown. Or the electronic device as described above.

[0089] The application scenarios of electronic devices and electric bicycles are described below.

[0090] It is understandable that during the charging process of an electric bicycle, the charging port usually has a rubber cover that covers the electrical terminal in the slot. Since the battery is directly connected to the electrical terminal, the electrical terminal is usually charged, especially when the battery voltage is 48V, which is higher than the safety voltage (36V) in my country. When the rubber cover is damaged or opened manually, the electrical terminal is exposed, and the charged electrical terminal has certain safety hazards. Specifically, if the user accidentally touches the charged electrical terminal, he may suffer an electric shock. In addition, if a metal object (such as a coin, a screwdriver, etc.) short-circuits with the charged electrical terminal, it may also cause local heating or even fire, causing damage or injury to the battery. In order to eliminate these risks, the present application provides an electronic device (i.e., a battery charging protection device) based on a unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10. By introducing a unidirectional low-resistance switch circuit 10 between the charging slot and the electrical terminal, the unidirectional low-resistance switch circuit 10 only allows current to flow from the charger into the battery, while preventing the battery's electrical energy from being released through the slot electrical terminal. The design of the unidirectional low-resistance switch circuit 10 ensures that the battery current can only flow in one direction, avoiding the potential risks of short circuit and electric shock. For the existing electric bicycle market, the patented protection circuit can be installed in series behind the existing charging pile without changing the internal circuit structure of the electric bicycle. This design not only ensures the safety of the charging process, but also greatly reduces the risk of damage to the battery and charging equipment.

[0091] It is understandable that in addition to the charging port of electric bicycles, the technology provided by this application can also be widely used in other similar scenarios, such as hair dryers with magnetic plugs, vacuum cleaners, smart home devices, etc. In these scenarios, the charging port or power interface also faces safety issues caused by the live electrical terminals. Taking a hair dryer with a magnetic plug as an example, when the hair dryer is connected to a power source, the electrical connector may be damaged due to frequent plugging and unplugging, resulting in exposed live electrical terminals posing a potential risk to the user. The circuit provided in this application can provide similar protection functions in the power port of such equipment to prevent electric shock accidents caused by the exposure of damaged electrical terminals. Especially in high-power electrical appliances, this design has significant safety advantages.

[0092] In addition, many smart home devices, such as smart sockets and charging ports of wireless vacuum cleaners, are often exposed to the external environment. The area near the charging port may be affected by external physical damage or dust and moisture, which increases the probability of dangers such as electric shock and short circuit. By introducing the unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10 design in this application, these potential dangers can be effectively reduced, ensuring the safety of users when plugging and unplugging charging cables, while improving the service life and stability of the equipment. In general, the technology provided by this application has broad application prospects in the charging protection of multiple home appliances, power tools and other equipment, especially in improving user safety and equipment stability. It has important practical significance.

[0093] The present application provides a unidirectional low-resistance circuit 10, an electronic device, and an electric bicycle, which can effectively reduce the forward conduction voltage and energy loss, and at the same time have a fast cutoff capability under reverse current, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the system. The circuit can dynamically adjust the conduction and cutoff states, and is widely applicable to electric bicycles, battery management systems, and other electronic devices, especially for scenarios requiring high-performance, low-power unidirectional conductive solutions.

[0094] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0095] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A unidirectional low-resistance circuit, characterized in that: The unidirectional low-resistance circuit comprises: a charge storage unit, an oscillation signal generating unit, a driving control unit and a low-resistance switch unit; The charge storage unit is used to store charge to maintain the working state of the low-resistance switch unit; The oscillation signal generating unit is used to generate an oscillation signal and generate a driving voltage through coupling excitation; The driving control unit is used to receive the driving voltage provided by the oscillation signal generating unit to drive the low-resistance switch unit to enter a conducting state; The low-resistance switch unit is used to enter a conducting state under the action of a driving control unit to achieve unidirectional conduction; The current protection unit is used to detect the working current of the low-resistance switch unit and turn off the low-resistance switch unit when the low-resistance switch unit is in an overcurrent condition.

2. The unidirectional low-resistance circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-resistance switch unit includes a MOS tube, and the MOS tube includes a body diode; When the driving control unit provides a voltage, the gate of the MOS tube is turned on and forms a low-resistance path to short-circuit the body diode.

3. The unidirectional low-resistance circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The unidirectional low-resistance circuit also includes: The voltage judgment unit is used to detect the working state of the low-resistance switch unit to judge whether it is necessary to control the oscillation signal generation unit to work.

4. The unidirectional low-resistance circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The voltage determination unit includes a reference source, a voltage dividing unit and a first shunt regulator; The reference source is used to provide a reference voltage; The voltage divider unit is used to provide a reference voltage for the first shunt regulator, and further monitor the gate voltage of the MOS tube to determine whether the charge storage unit needs to be charged to maintain the MOS tube conducting.

5. The unidirectional low-resistance circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The current protection unit is used to detect the voltage between the source and the drain of the MOS tube to obtain the current flowing through the MOS tube, and when the current passing through the MOS tube exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the low-resistance switch unit is in an overcurrent condition.

6. The unidirectional low-resistance circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The charge storage unit comprises a capacitor; The capacitor is used to store the charge required to maintain the MOS tube in the on state and provide a maintaining current when the MOS tube is in the on state.

7. The unidirectional low-resistance circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oscillation signal generating unit is used to charge the capacitor when the MOS tube is in the cut-off state; The oscillation signal generating unit stops working when the MOS tube is in the on state.

8. The unidirectional low-resistance circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The driving control unit includes a transformer assembly, a resistor and a rectifier unit; The transformer component is used to receive the voltage provided by the oscillation signal generating unit and generate a driving voltage; The rectifying unit is used to rectify the driving power supply into direct current and provide voltage to the gate of the MOS tube through the resistor to drive the MOS tube.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a unidirectional low-resistance circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An electric bicycle, characterized in that: It comprises an electric bicycle body and a unidirectional low-resistance circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 or an electronic device as described in claim 9.

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