A detection device for the bearing capacity of the foundation of existing buildings

Abstract

The present application relates to a detection device for the bearing capacity of the foundation of an existing building, belonging to the technical field of building engineering detection. It includes a pressure-bearing component, a jack, a pressure sensor, a steel plate component, and a settlement measurement component. The pressure-bearing component, the jack, the pressure sensor, and the steel plate component are arranged in sequence from the bottom of the foundation pit to the building foundation. The settlement measurement component is arranged on the pressure-bearing component. The steel plate component is used to press against the building foundation. The pressure-bearing component is used to squeeze against the bottom of the foundation pit in a manner of variable pressure-bearing area. The settlement measurement component is used to measure the sinking displacement of the pressure-bearing component. The present application has the effect of reducing the detection time of the bearing capacity of the foundation of an existing building.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of building engineering inspection, and particularly to a detection device for the bearing capacity of existing building foundations. Background Art

[0002] In order to meet the requirements of building use functions and durability, it is necessary to reinforce the foundations of existing buildings. Before reinforcing the foundations of existing buildings, it is necessary to detect the bearing capacity of the foundations of existing buildings to comprehensively and correctly evaluate the properties of the entire foundation soil under existing buildings.

[0003] Currently, the detection of the bearing capacity of existing building foundations mainly relies on steel plates, dynamometers, dial gauges, jacks, and bearing plates. First, an excavation pit is dug under the foundation of the load-bearing wall of the existing building, and a sand layer is laid at the bottom of the excavation pit for leveling. Then, the bearing plate, jack, dynamometer, and steel plate are sequentially installed between the sand layer and the building foundation. Then, two dial gauges are installed on both sides of the bearing plate. The jack is used to apply pressure to the foundation, the dynamometer measures the pressure value, and the dial gauge measures the sinking displacement of the bearing plate, thereby obtaining the pressure-deformation curve of the foundation soil. With the help of the pressure-deformation curve, an evaluation of the foundation soil of the existing building can be made.

[0004] Due to the inconsistent sizes of different building foundations, the bearing plate is usually cast on-site according to the actual situation of the on-site building foundation so that the size of the bearing plate can be adapted to the on-site building foundation. Although this improves the adaptability between the bearing plate and the building foundation, it prolongs the on-site detection time, thereby reducing the detection efficiency of the bearing capacity of existing building foundations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to reduce the detection time of the bearing capacity of existing building foundations and improve the detection efficiency of the bearing capacity of existing building foundations, this application provides a detection device for the bearing capacity of existing building foundations.

[0006] The detection device for the bearing capacity of existing building foundations provided by this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A detection device for the bearing capacity of existing building foundations includes a pressure-bearing assembly, a jack, a pressure sensor, a steel plate assembly, and a settlement measurement assembly. The pressure-bearing assembly, the jack, the pressure sensor, and the steel plate assembly are sequentially arranged from the bottom of the excavation pit to the building foundation. The settlement measurement assembly is arranged on the pressure-bearing assembly. The steel plate assembly is used to press against the building foundation. The pressure-bearing assembly is used to squeeze against the bottom of the excavation pit in a manner of variable pressure-bearing area. The settlement measurement assembly is used to measure the sinking displacement of the pressure-bearing assembly;

[0008] Among them, the pressure-bearing assembly includes:

[0009] A pressure-bearing column, the top of which is connected to the jack;

[0010] The pressure-bearing main board is arranged at one end of the pressure-bearing column away from the jack.

[0011] At least three first pressure-bearing rods are evenly arranged around the pressure-bearing column. One end of the first pressure-bearing rod is connected to the pressure-bearing column, and the other end is connected to the pressure-bearing main board. The first pressure-bearing rod is arranged obliquely.

[0012] There are more than two extension parts. All the extension parts are nested layer by layer, and the innermost extension part is nested on the pressure-bearing main board. The connection structure between adjacent two layers of extension parts is the same as the connection structure between the innermost extension part and the pressure-bearing main board.

[0013] The innermost extension part includes a pressure-bearing extension board, a pressure-bearing connection board, a fixed connection board and a second pressure-bearing rod. There are two pressure-bearing extension boards, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pressure-bearing main board. A first plug board is connected to the pressure-bearing extension board, and the first plug board is inserted into a first slot opened on the pressure-bearing main board.

[0014] There are two groups of pressure-bearing connection boards, which correspond to the pressure-bearing extension boards one by one. The number of each group of pressure-bearing connection boards is two, and they are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the pressure-bearing extension board. A second plug board is connected to the pressure-bearing connection board, and the second plug board is inserted into a second slot opened on the pressure-bearing main board.

[0015] There are four fixed connection boards, which correspond to the pressure-bearing connection boards one by one. The fixed connection boards are connected to the pressure-bearing connection boards, and the fixed connection boards slide through the pressure-bearing extension boards.

[0016] A first fixing part is arranged between two adjacent pressure-bearing connection boards close to each other, and a second fixing part is arranged between two adjacent fixed connection boards close to each other. There are four second pressure-bearing rods. One end of each of the four second pressure-bearing rods is respectively connected to two first fixing parts and two second fixing parts, and the other end of the second pressure-bearing rod is connected to a third fixing part arranged on the pressure-bearing column. The third fixing part is used to fix the second pressure-bearing rod on the pressure-bearing column.

[0017] When the second pressure-bearing rod is fixed to the pressure-bearing column, the first fixing part is used to fix the two pressure-bearing connection boards connected thereto, and the second fixing part is used to fix the two fixed connection boards connected thereto.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when the pressure-bearing area needs to be increased, the pressure-bearing extension plate and the pressure-bearing connecting plate are inserted and assembled onto the pressure-bearing main board. The second pressure-bearing rod is installed between the pressure-bearing column and the extension part through the third fixing part. At the same time, the first fixing part and the second fixing part can act to fix the entire extension part as a whole and fix the extension part on the pressure-bearing main board, thus realizing the increase of the pressure-bearing area. When it is necessary to further increase the pressure-bearing area, the second-layer extension part is assembled and fixed onto the innermost extension part in the above manner, so that the pressure-bearing area can be adjusted according to the foundation of the on-site building, reducing the detection time of the bearing capacity of the existing building foundation and improving the detection efficiency of the bearing capacity of the existing building foundation.

[0019] Optionally, the first fixing part includes a first fixing column, a first clamping head and a first fixing ball;

[0020] A first placement groove is formed between the ends of the two pressure-bearing connecting plates. There are two groups of first fixing columns, which are symmetrically arranged on the two pressure-bearing connecting plates respectively. The first fixing columns are located in the first placement groove. The number of each group of first fixing columns is two, and the two first fixing columns are arranged vertically. There are four first clamping heads, which are correspondingly connected to the first fixing columns one by one;

[0021] The first fixing ball is arranged in the first placement groove. Circular first fixing grooves are formed on both sides of the first fixing ball close to the two pressure-bearing connecting plates. Two first relief grooves are formed on the side wall of the first fixing groove away from the pressure-bearing main board. The first relief grooves correspond to the first clamping heads one by one, and the first relief grooves are used for the first clamping heads to slide into the first fixing grooves.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the first fixing ball is placed into the first placement groove to align the first clamping head with the first relief groove. Move the first fixing ball to make the first clamping head slide from the first relief groove into the first fixing groove, and then rotate the first fixing ball to make the first clamping head and the first relief groove in a misaligned state. The first fixing ball can fix the ends of the two pressure-bearing connecting plates through the restriction of the first fixing groove on the first clamping head, so that it is convenient to fix between the two pressure-bearing connecting plates.

[0023] Optionally, the second fixing part includes a second fixing column, a second clamping head and a second fixing ball;

[0024] There are two groups of second fixing columns, which are symmetrically arranged at the ends of the two fixing connecting plates respectively. The number of each group of second fixing columns is two. There are four second clamping heads, which are correspondingly connected to the second fixing columns one by one;

[0025] The second fixing ball is arranged between the ends of the two fixed connecting plates. The second fixing ball is located in the second placement groove opened on the pressure-bearing expansion plate. The second fixing ball is provided with annular second fixing grooves on both sides close to the two fixed connecting plates. The second fixing ball is provided with two second makeshift grooves at the opening position of each second fixing groove. The second makeshift grooves correspond to the second clamping head one by one, and the second makeshift grooves are used for allowing the second clamping head to slide into the second fixing groove.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the second fixing ball is placed in the second placing groove so that the second clamp head is opposite to the second making way groove, the sliding fixed connecting plate is used to make the second clamp head slide from the second making way groove into the second fixing groove, and then the second fixing ball is rotated so that the second clamp head and the second making way groove can be in a misaligned state. The second fixing ball can fix the ends of the two fixed connecting plates by limiting the second fixing groove on the second clamp head, thereby facilitating the fixing of the pressure-bearing connecting plate and the pressure-bearing expansion plate.

[0027] Optionally, the third fixing part includes a fixing block, a fixing clip and a fixing nut, the fixing block is connected to the pressure-bearing column, two fixing clips are symmetrically arranged, the two fixing clips are both slidably arranged on the fixing block, and the sliding directions of the two fixing clips are directions of approaching or moving away from each other, the sides of the two fixing clips close to each other are both attached to the side wall of the second pressure-bearing rod, and the fixing nut is threadedly sleeved on the side walls of the two fixing clips away from each other.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, when installing the second pressure-bearing rod, first put the fixing nut on the second pressure-bearing rod, then slide the two fixing clamps so that the sides of the two fixing clamps close to each other are both in contact with the second pressure-bearing rod, and then screw the fixing nut on the two fixing clamps. On the one hand, the second pressure-bearing rod can be easily installed on the pressure column. On the other hand, the second pressure-bearing rod can have a tendency to spread the two fixing clamps when subjected to force, so that a pre-tightening force can be formed between the fixing nut and the two fixing clamps, making it difficult for the fixing nut to loosen during the detection process.

[0029] Optionally, both the first fixing ball and the second fixing ball are provided with a mounting groove matched with the end of the second pressure-bearing rod, and the end of the second pressure-bearing rod away from the third fixing portion is inserted into the mounting groove.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the second pressure-bearing rod is connected through the installation groove. On the one hand, the second pressure-bearing rod is easy to be quickly installed on the expansion part. On the other hand, after the second pressure-bearing rod is installed in the installation groove, since the second pressure-bearing rod needs to be swung to be installed on the pressure column, the four second pressure-bearing rods can drive the two first fixed balls and the two second fixed balls to rotate, so that the first fixed balls automatically fix the two pressure-bearing connecting plates, and the second fixed balls automatically fix the two fixed connecting plates.

[0031] Optionally, the steel plate assembly includes:

[0032] A main steel plate, with a connecting column connected to the center position, and the connecting column is connected to a pressure sensor;

[0033] Extended steel plates, with two or more layers provided. The two or more extended steel plates are nested layer by layer. The innermost extended steel plate is nested on the main steel plate, and the connection structure between adjacent two layers of extended steel plates is the same as the connection structure between the innermost extended steel plate and the main steel plate;

[0034] Steel plate support rods, with two or more groups provided. The two or more groups of steel plate support rods correspond to the two or more layers of extended steel plates one by one. The number of each group of steel plate support rods is multiple. One end of the steel plate support rod is connected to the connecting column, and the other end is used to provide a supporting force to the extended steel plate;

[0035] Among them, the number of each layer of extended steel plates is multiple, and the multiple extended steel plates are arranged in a surrounding manner. A third plug plate is connected to the innermost extended steel plate, and the third plug plate is inserted into a third slot opened on the main steel plate. The third plug plate and the main steel plate are connected by countersunk head bolts.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, when adjusting the bearing area of the pressure-bearing component, it is also necessary to adaptively adjust the supporting area of the steel plate assembly; when it is necessary to increase the supporting area, splice and install four extended steel plates onto the main steel plate, and use countersunk head bolts for fixation, and then install the steel plate support rods between the extended steel plate and the connecting column, so that the innermost extended steel plate can be quickly fixed on the main steel plate, thereby realizing the increase of the supporting area; when it is necessary to further increase the supporting area, splice and fix the second layer of extended steel plate onto the innermost extended steel plate in the above manner, so that the supporting area can be adjusted according to the foundation of the on-site building.

[0037] Optionally, through holes are opened on the extended steel plate, and the through holes on all the extended steel plates of each layer form an annular connecting channel. A steel plate connecting strip adapted to the through holes is provided between adjacent two extended steel plates of each layer, and the steel plate connecting strip is slidably arranged in the connecting channel.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, by providing a steel plate connecting strip between adjacent two extended steel plates, the connection strength between adjacent two extended steel plates is improved, and the overall supporting performance of each layer of extended steel plate is better; since the steel plate connecting strip is slidably arranged in the connecting channel, by sliding the steel plate connecting strip, the steel plate connecting strip can be completely located on one extended steel plate, so that the setting of the steel plate connecting strip is not likely to interfere with the splicing of the extended steel plates.

[0039] Optionally, a toggle seat is connected to each end of the steel plate connecting bar. The toggle seat is slidably arranged in a sliding hole opened on the extended steel plate. The sliding hole communicates with the connecting hole. A support column is rotatably arranged on the toggle seat. One end of the support column close to the adjacent steel plate connecting bar is connected with a cam. The cam is used for being clamped in a limiting groove opened on the adjacent steel plate connecting bar. A clamping rod is connected to the support column. One end of the clamping rod away from the support column is used for being clamped in a clamping groove opened on the extended steel plate where the toggle seat is located. A support groove adapted to the end of the steel plate support rod is opened on the support column. The support grooves correspond to the steel plate support rods one by one. The steel plate support rod is elastic. The end of the steel plate support rod is inserted into the support groove. One end of the steel plate support rod away from the support column is connected with a clamp. The clamp is connected with a connecting rod. The connecting rod is connected to the connecting column.

[0040] By adopting the above technical solution, the steel plate connecting bar is slid between two adjacent extended steel plates through the toggle seat. The end of the steel plate support rod is inserted into the support groove. The steel plate support rod is rotated to drive the support column to rotate. The support column drives the cam to be clamped in the limiting groove and drives the end of the clamping rod to be clamped in the clamping groove, realizing the fixation of two adjacent steel plate connecting bars and synchronously realizing the fixation of the steel plate connecting bar and the extended steel plate. The steel plate support rod is bent. After the steel plate support rod is elastically deformed, the clamp can be clamped and connected to the connecting rod, so that the steel plate support rod is convenient to be installed between the extended steel plate and the connecting column to provide a supporting force for the extended steel plate.

[0041] Optionally, two groups of settlement measurement components are provided. The two groups of settlement measurement components are respectively arranged on two opposite second pressure-bearing rods connected to the outermost extended part. The settlement measurement component includes a measurement seat, a laser pen and a measurement ruler. The measurement seat is slidably connected to the second pressure-bearing rod and can be fixed to the second pressure-bearing rod after sliding. The laser pen is arranged on the measurement seat and is arranged parallel to the pressure-bearing main board. The measurement ruler is in a triangular strip shape and is connected to the pit wall of the foundation pit. The inclined side of the measurement ruler is arranged close to the laser pen. The scale of the measurement ruler is located on its inclined side. The scale of the measurement ruler is used for measuring the displacement of the laser pen moving in the vertical direction.

[0042] By adopting the above technical solution, the laser pen is installed on the measurement seat. The measurement seat is slid so that the light beam of the laser pen first irradiates the bottom end of the inclined side of the measurement ruler. By adjusting the shielding situation of the light beam by the measurement ruler, one of the right-angled sides of the measurement ruler is in a horizontal state. Then the measurement seat is continuously slid so that the light beam of the laser pen just irradiates at the zero position of the scale of the measurement ruler. When the laser pen moves down along with the pressure-bearing component, the irradiation point of the light beam of the laser pen can move accordingly, so that the settlement displacement of the pressure-bearing component can be enlarged and measured at a fixed ratio, thereby improving the accuracy of the settlement displacement measurement of the pressure-bearing component.

[0043] Optionally, an infrared displacement sensor is connected to the pressure-bearing main board. The infrared displacement sensor is arranged opposite to the pressure-bearing column. The infrared displacement sensor is used to output a displacement signal between the pressure-bearing column and the pressure-bearing main board. The infrared displacement sensor is electrically connected to a controller, and the controller is electrically connected to an alarm. The controller responds to the displacement signal and is used to control the alarm to give an alarm.

[0044] By adopting the above technical solution, under the support of the first pressure-bearing rod and the second pressure-bearing rod, the distance value between the pressure-bearing column and the pressure-bearing main board is in a fixed state. When the jack applies pressure, the distance value between the pressure-bearing column and the pressure-bearing main board will be within a preset range. When the distance value between the pressure-bearing column and the pressure-bearing main board exceeds the preset range, it indicates that the force on the pressure-bearing column exceeds the bearing range of the pressure-bearing assembly. At this time, it is necessary to stop the jack from increasing the applied pressure to prevent irreversible damage to the pressure-bearing assembly.

[0045] The infrared displacement sensor outputs the displacement signal between the pressure-bearing column and the pressure-bearing main board to the controller. When the displacement signal exceeds the preset value, the controller can control the alarm to give an alarm to remind the detector to stop the jack from increasing the applied pressure, so that the pressure-bearing assembly is not easily damaged irreversibly.

[0046] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0047] 1. By setting the pressure-bearing column, the pressure-bearing main board, the first pressure-bearing rod and the extension part, the bearing area of the pressure-bearing assembly can be changed, so that the pressure-bearing assembly is easy to adapt to building foundations of different sizes, and there is no need to pour on site, thereby reducing the detection time of the bearing capacity of the existing building foundation and improving the detection efficiency of the bearing capacity of the existing building foundation;

[0048] 2. By setting the first fixing part, the second fixing part and the third fixing part, the whole pressure-bearing assembly is easy to be fixed;

[0049] 3. By setting the main steel plate, the extension steel plate and the steel plate support rod, the support area of the steel plate assembly can be adjusted according to the building foundation;

[0050] 4. By setting the measuring seat, the laser pen and the measuring ruler, the accuracy of measuring the sinking displacement of the pressure-bearing assembly is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure-bearing assembly;

[0053] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the extension part;

[0054] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first fixing portion;

[0055] Figure 5 is an exploded view of a first fixing column, a first clamp and a first fixing ball;

[0056] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the second fixing portion;

[0057] Figure 7 is an exploded view of a second fixing column, a second clamp and a second fixing ball;

[0058] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the third fixing portion;

[0059] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the steel plate assembly;

[0060] Figure 10 It is a structural diagram of the installation of the extended steel plate;

[0061] Figure 11 It is a structural schematic diagram of a steel plate connecting strip, a toggle seat, a support column, a cam and a clamping rod;

[0062] Figure 12 yes Figure 2 Magnified view at A in the middle.

[0063] Description of reference numerals:

[0064] 1. Pressure-bearing component; 11. Pressure-bearing column; 12. Pressure-bearing main board; 121. First slot; 122. Second slot; 13. First pressure-bearing rod; 14. Extension part; 141. Pressure-bearing extension board; 1411. First insertion board; 1412. Second placement groove; 142. Pressure-bearing connection board; 1421. Second insertion board; 1422. First placement groove; 143. Fixed connection board; 144. Second pressure-bearing rod; 15. First fixing part; 151. First fixing column; 152. First clamping head; 153. First fixing ball; 1531. First fixing groove; 1532. First relief groove; 1533. Installation groove; 16. Second fixing part; 161. Second fixing column; 162. Second clamping head; 163. Second fixing ball; 1631. Second fixing groove; 1632. Second relief groove; 17. Third fixing part; 171. Fixed block; 172. Fixed clamping plate; 173. Fixed nut; 2. Jack; 3. Pressure sensor; 4. Steel plate component; 41. Main steel plate; 411. Connection column; 412. Third slot; 42. Extension steel plate; 421. Third insertion board; 422. Countersunk head bolt; 423. Connection hole; 424. Slide hole; 425. Clamping groove; 43. Steel plate support rod; 431. Clamp; 432. Connecting rod; 44. Steel plate connection strip; 441. Limit groove; 45. Dialing seat; 46. Support column; 461. Support groove; 47. Cam; 48. Clamping rod; 5. Settlement measurement component; 51. Measurement seat; 511. Sliding sleeve; 512. Screw; 52. Laser pointer; 53. Measuring ruler; 6. Infrared displacement sensor; 61. Controller; 62. Alarm. Detailed implementation manners

[0065] The following will further elaborate on this application Figures 1-12 in conjunction with the appended drawings.

[0066] An embodiment of this application discloses a detection device for the bearing capacity of the foundation of existing buildings. Referring to Figure 1 , a detection device for the bearing capacity of the foundation of existing buildings includes a pressure-bearing component 1, a jack 2, a pressure sensor 3, a steel plate component 4, and a settlement measurement component 5. The pressure-bearing component 1, the jack 2, the pressure sensor 3, and the steel plate component 4 are sequentially arranged from the bottom of the foundation pit to the building foundation. The settlement measurement component 5 is arranged on the pressure-bearing component 1. The steel plate component 4 is used to press against the building foundation. The pressure-bearing component 1 is used to squeeze against the bottom of the foundation pit in a manner with a variable pressure-bearing area. The settlement measurement component 5 is used to measure the sinking displacement of the pressure-bearing component 1. Thus, by changing the pressure-bearing area of the pressure-bearing component 1, the pressure-bearing component 1 can be adapted to building foundations of different sizes, eliminating the need for on-site casting and improving the detection efficiency of the bearing capacity of the foundation of existing buildings.

[0067] Specifically, referring to Figure 1, the pressure-bearing assembly 1 includes a pressure-bearing column 11, a pressure-bearing main board 12, a first pressure-bearing rod 13, and an extension part 14.

[0068] The pressure-bearing column 11 is vertically arranged, and its top is fixedly connected to the jack 2. The pressure-bearing column 11 is the force application object of the jack 2. The pressure-bearing main board 12 is arranged at the end of the pressure-bearing column 11 away from the jack 2. There is a spacing between the pressure-bearing main board 12 and the pressure-bearing column 11. The area of the pressure-bearing main board 12 is the smallest pressure-bearing area of the pressure-bearing assembly 1. Four first pressure-bearing rods 13 are evenly arranged around the pressure-bearing column 11. One end of the first pressure-bearing rod 13 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the pressure-bearing column 11, and the other end is fixedly connected to the pressure-bearing main board 12. The first pressure-bearing rod 13 is inclined, and the first pressure-bearing rod 13 transmits the force of the pressure-bearing column 11 to the pressure-bearing main board 12.

[0069] Refer to Figure 2 , there are two extension parts 14. All the extension parts 14 are nested layer by layer, and the innermost extension part 14 is nested on the pressure-bearing main board 12. The connection structure between adjacent two layers of extension parts 14 is the same as the connection structure between the innermost extension part 14 and the pressure-bearing main board 12. Taking the connection structure between the innermost extension part 14 and the pressure-bearing main board 12 as an example, the specific connection structure of the extension part 14 is described in detail.

[0070] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the innermost extension part 14 includes a pressure-bearing extension board 141, a pressure-bearing connection board 142, a fixed connection board 143, and a second pressure-bearing rod 144.

[0071] Refer to Figure 3 , there are two pressure-bearing extension boards 141, and they are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pressure-bearing main board 12. A first plug board 1411 is fixedly connected to the side of the pressure-bearing extension board 141 close to the pressure-bearing main board 12, and the first plug board 1411 is inserted into a first slot 121 opened on the pressure-bearing main board 12.

[0072] There are two groups of pressure-bearing connection boards 142, and they correspond to the pressure-bearing extension boards 141 one by one. The number of each group of pressure-bearing connection boards 142 is two, and they are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the pressure-bearing extension board 141. A second plug board 1421 is fixedly connected to the side of the pressure-bearing connection board 142 close to the pressure-bearing main board 12, and the second plug board 1421 is inserted into a second slot 122 opened on the pressure-bearing main board 12.

[0073] There are four fixed connection plates 143, which correspond to the pressure-bearing connection plates 142 one by one. The fixed connection plates 143 are fixedly connected to the side of the pressure-bearing connection plates 142 close to the pressure-bearing extension plate 141. The fixed connection plates 143 are slidably inserted through the pressure-bearing extension plate 141. By sliding the fixed connection plates 143, the first plug plate 1411 can be inserted into the first slot 121, and the second plug plate 1421 can be inserted into the second slot 122, so that the innermost extension part 14 can be spliced onto the pressure-bearing main board 12, increasing the pressure-bearing area of the pressure-bearing component 1.

[0074] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a first fixing part 15 is provided between two adjacent pressure-bearing connection plates 142, a second fixing part 16 is provided between two adjacent fixed connection plates 143, there are four second pressure-bearing rods 144, and one ends of the four second pressure-bearing rods 144 are respectively connected to two first fixing parts 15 and two second fixing parts 16, and the other ends of the second pressure-bearing rods 144 are connected to a third fixing part 17 provided on the pressure-bearing column 11. The third fixing part 17 is used to fix the second pressure-bearing rod 144 on the pressure-bearing column 11, and the second pressure-bearing rod 144 transmits the force of the pressure-bearing column 11 to the innermost extension part 14.

[0075] When the second pressure-bearing rod 144 is fixed to the pressure-bearing column 11, the first fixing part 15 is used to fix the two pressure-bearing connection plates 142 it connects, and the second fixing part 16 is used to fix the two fixed connection plates 143 it connects. When connecting the second pressure-bearing rod 144, the first fixing part 15 and the second fixing part 16 will act synchronously to fix the entire extension part 14 as a whole, so that the extension part 14 can be conveniently installed on the pressure-bearing main board 12.

[0076] When the pressure-bearing area needs to be increased, the pressure-bearing extension plate 141 and the pressure-bearing connection plate 142 are inserted and assembled onto the pressure-bearing main board 12. The second pressure-bearing rod 144 is installed between the pressure-bearing column 11 and the extension part 14 through the third fixing part 17. At the same time, the first fixing part 15 and the second fixing part 16 can act to fix the entire extension part 14 as a whole and fix the extension part 14 on the pressure-bearing main board 12, thus realizing the increase of the pressure-bearing area; when it is necessary to further increase the pressure-bearing area, the second-layer extension part 14 is assembled and fixed to the innermost extension part 14 in the above manner, so that the pressure-bearing area can be adjusted according to the foundation of the on-site building, reducing the detection time of the bearing capacity of the existing building foundation and improving the detection efficiency of the bearing capacity of the existing building foundation.

[0077] Furthermore, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the first fixing part 15 includes a first fixing column 151, a first chuck 152 and a first fixing ball 153.

[0078] A first placement groove 1422 is formed between the ends of the two pressure-bearing connection plates 142. There are two groups of first fixing columns 151, which are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the two pressure-bearing connection plates 142 respectively. The first fixing columns 151 are located in the first placement groove 1422. The number of each group of first fixing columns 151 is two, and the two first fixing columns 151 are arranged vertically. There are four first clamping heads 152, which are fixedly connected to the first fixing columns 151 in one-to-one correspondence.

[0079] A first fixing ball 153 is arranged in the first placement groove 1422. Circular ring-shaped first fixing grooves 1531 are formed on both sides of the first fixing ball 153 close to the two pressure-bearing connection plates 142. Two first relief grooves 1532 are formed on the side wall of the first fixing groove 1531 away from the pressure-bearing main board 12. The first relief grooves 1532 correspond to the first clamping heads 152 one by one. The first relief grooves 1532 are used for the first clamping heads 152 to slide into the first fixing grooves 1531. The extended cross-section of the first fixing groove 1531 is T-shaped. After the first clamping heads 152 slide into the first fixing grooves 1531, the first fixing grooves 1531 can limit the first clamping heads 152 from detaching from the first fixing ball 153.

[0080] Place the first fixing ball 153 into the first placement groove 1422 so that the first clamping heads 152 are aligned with the first relief grooves 1532. Move the first fixing ball 153 to make the first clamping heads 152 slide from the first relief grooves 1532 into the first fixing grooves 1531, and then rotate the first fixing ball 153 so that the first clamping heads 152 and the first relief grooves 1532 can be in a misaligned state. The first fixing ball 153 can fix the ends of the two pressure-bearing connection plates 142 through the restriction of the first fixing grooves 1531 on the first clamping heads 152, thereby facilitating the fixation between the two pressure-bearing connection plates 142.

[0081] Refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The second fixing part 16 includes a second fixing column 161, a second clamping head 162 and a second fixing ball 163.

[0082] There are two groups of second fixing columns 161, which are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the ends of the two fixed connection plates 143 respectively. The number of each group of second fixing columns 161 is two, and the two second fixing columns 161 are arranged vertically. There are four second clamping heads 162, which are fixedly connected to the second fixing columns 161 in one-to-one correspondence;

[0083] The second fixed ball 163 is arranged between the ends of the two fixed connecting plates 143. The second fixed ball 163 is located in the second placement groove 1412 formed on the pressure-bearing expansion plate 141. Circular ring-shaped second fixing grooves 1631 are formed on both sides of the second fixed ball 163 close to the two fixed connecting plates 143. Two second relief grooves 1632 are formed at each position where the second fixing groove 1631 is formed on the second fixed ball 163. The second relief grooves 1632 correspond to the second clamping heads 162 one by one. The second relief grooves 1632 are used for the second clamping heads 162 to slide into the second fixing grooves 1631. The extended cross-section of the second fixing groove 1631 is in a T shape. After the second clamping heads 162 slide into the second fixing grooves 1631, the second fixing grooves 1631 can limit the second clamping heads 162 from detaching from the second fixed ball 163.

[0084] Place the second fixed ball 163 into the second placement groove 1412 so that the second clamping heads 162 are aligned with the second relief grooves 1632. Slide the fixed connecting plate 143 to make the second clamping heads 162 slide from the second relief grooves 1632 into the second fixing grooves 1631. Then rotate the second fixed ball 163 to make the second clamping heads 162 and the second relief grooves 1632 in a misaligned state. The second fixed ball 163 can fix the ends of the two fixed connecting plates 143 through the restriction of the second fixing grooves 1631 on the second clamping heads 162, so that the pressure-bearing connecting plate 142 and the pressure-bearing expansion plate 141 are easy to fix.

[0085] Furthermore, referring to Figure 8 , the third fixing part 17 includes a fixing block 171, a fixing clamping plate 172 and a fixing nut 173.

[0086] The fixing block 171 is fixedly connected to the pressure-bearing column 11. Two fixing clamping plates 172 are symmetrically arranged. Both of the two fixing clamping plates 172 are slidably arranged on the fixing block 171, and the sliding directions of the two fixing clamping plates 172 are in the direction of approaching or separating from each other. The sides of the two fixing clamping plates 172 close to each other are adapted to the side walls of the second pressure-bearing rods 144 and are both attached to the side walls of the second pressure-bearing rods 144. The fixing nut 173 is threadedly sleeved on the side walls of the two fixing clamping plates 172 on the side away from each other.

[0087] When installing the second pressure-bearing rod 144, first sleeved the fixing nut 173 on the second pressure-bearing rod 144, then slid the two fixing plates 172 so that the sides of the two fixing plates 172 close to each other are both attached to the second pressure-bearing rod 144, and then screwed the fixing nut 173 on the two fixing plates 172. On the one hand, the second pressure-bearing rod 144 can be conveniently installed on the pressure-bearing column 11, and on the other hand, when the second pressure-bearing rod 144 is stressed, it has a tendency to expand the two fixing plates 172, so that a pre-tightening force can be formed between the fixing nut 173 and the two fixing plates 172, making it difficult for the fixing nut 173 to loosen during the detection process.

[0088] In particular, referring to Figure 4 and Figure 6 , installation grooves 1533 adapted to the ends of the second pressure-bearing rod 144 are formed on both the first fixing ball 153 and the second fixing ball 163, and the end of the second pressure-bearing rod 144 away from the third fixing part 17 is inserted into the installation groove 1533.

[0089] Connecting the second pressure-bearing rod 144 through the installation groove 1533, on the one hand, makes it convenient for the second pressure-bearing rod 144 to be quickly installed on the extension part 14, and on the other hand, after the second pressure-bearing rod 144 is installed in the installation groove 1533, since the second pressure-bearing rod 144 needs to swing to be installed on the pressure-bearing column 11, the four second pressure-bearing rods 144 can drive the two first fixing balls 153 and the two second fixing balls 163 to rotate, so that the first fixing ball 153 automatically fixes the two pressure-bearing connecting plates 142, and the second fixing ball 163 automatically fixes the two fixing connecting plates 143.

[0090] Specifically, referring to Figure 9 , the steel plate assembly 4 includes a main steel plate 41, an extended steel plate 42 and a steel plate support rod 43.

[0091] A connecting column 411 is fixedly connected to the center position of the main steel plate 41, the connecting column 411 is fixedly connected to the pressure sensor 3, the pressure sensor 3 is a digital display pressure sensor, and the area of the main steel plate 41 is the smallest support area of the steel plate assembly 4.

[0092] The extended steel plate 42 is provided with two layers, and the two layers of extended steel plates 42 are nested layer by layer. The innermost extended steel plate 42 is nested on the main steel plate 41, and the connection structure between adjacent two layers of extended steel plates 42 is the same as the connection structure between the innermost extended steel plate 42 and the main steel plate 41.

[0093] There are two sets of steel plate support rods 43, and the two sets of steel plate support rods 43 correspond to the two layers of extended steel plates 42 one by one. The number of each set of steel plate support rods 43 is four. One end of the steel plate support rod 43 is connected to the connecting column 411, and the other end is used to provide a supporting force to the extended steel plate 42. The steel plate support rod 43 can improve the supporting strength of the extended steel plate 42, thereby improving the supporting effect of the extended steel plate 42.

[0094] Among them, the number of each layer of extended steel plates 42 is four, and the four extended steel plates 42 are arranged in a surrounding manner. Taking the connection structure between the innermost extended steel plate 42 and the main steel plate 41 as an example, the specific connection structure of the extended steel plate 42 will be described in detail.

[0095] Refer to Figure 10 , on the side of the innermost extended steel plate 42 close to the main steel plate 41, a third insertion plate 421 is fixedly connected. The third insertion plate 421 is inserted into a third slot 412 opened on the main steel plate 41. The third insertion plate 421 and the main steel plate 41 are connected by a countersunk head bolt 422. Insert the third insertion plate 421 into the third slot 412, and then use the countersunk head bolt 422 for fixation, so that the extended steel plate 42 is convenient to be spliced and installed on the main steel plate 41.

[0096] When adjusting the bearing area of the pressure-bearing component 1, it is also necessary to make an adaptive adjustment to the supporting area of the steel plate component 4; when it is necessary to increase the supporting area, splice and install the four extended steel plates 42 on the main steel plate 41, and use the countersunk head bolt 422 for fixation, and then install the steel plate support rod 43 between the extended steel plate 42 and the connecting column 411, so that the innermost extended steel plate 42 can be quickly fixed on the main steel plate 41, thereby realizing the increase of the supporting area; when it is necessary to further increase the supporting area, splice and fix the second-layer extended steel plate 42 to the innermost extended steel plate 42 in the above manner, so that the supporting area can be adjusted according to the foundation of the on-site building.

[0097] Furthermore, refer to Figure 11 , a through connection hole 423 is opened on the extended steel plate 42. The connection holes 423 on all the extended steel plates 42 of each layer form an annular connection channel. A steel plate connection strip 44 adapted to the connection hole 423 is arranged between every two adjacent extended steel plates 42 of each layer, and the steel plate connection strip 44 is slidably arranged in the connection channel.

[0098] By arranging the steel plate connection strip 44 between two adjacent extended steel plates 42, the connection strength between the two adjacent extended steel plates 42 is improved, making the overall supporting performance of each layer of extended steel plates 42 better; since the steel plate connection strip 44 is slidably arranged in the connection channel, by sliding the steel plate connection strip 44, the steel plate connection strip 44 can be completely located on one extended steel plate 42, so that the arrangement of the steel plate connection strip 44 is not easy to interfere with the splicing of the extended steel plate 42.

[0099] Further, referring to Figure 11 , a toggle seat 45 is fixedly connected to each end of the steel plate connecting bar 44. The toggle seat 45 is slidably disposed in a sliding hole 424 formed in the extended steel plate 42. The sliding hole 424 communicates with the connecting hole 423. The steel plate connecting bar 44 can be driven to slide by the toggle seat 45, so that the position of the steel plate connecting bar 44 is convenient to adjust.

[0100] A support column 46 is provided on the toggle seat 45. Both ends of the support column 46 are stepped. The two stepped ends of the support column 46 are rotatably inserted through the toggle seat 45, so that the support column 46 forms a rotational connection relationship with the toggle seat 45; a cam 47 is fixedly connected to the stepped end of the support column 46 close to the adjacent steel plate connecting bar 44. The cam 47 is used for being clamped in a limiting groove 441 formed in the adjacent steel plate connecting bar 44. When the cam 47 is clamped in the limiting groove 441, the adjacent two steel plate connecting bars 44 can be fixed.

[0101] A clamping rod 48 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support column 46. One end of the clamping rod 48 away from the support column 46 is used for being clamped in a clamping groove 425 formed in the extended steel plate 42 where the toggle seat 45 is located. When the end of the clamping rod 48 is clamped in the clamping groove 425, the toggle seat 45 can be fixed to the extended steel plate 42, so that the steel plate connecting bar 44 can be fixed to the extended steel plate 42.

[0102] A support groove 461 adapted to the end of the steel plate support rod 43 is formed in the support column 46. The support grooves 461 correspond to the steel plate support rods 43 one by one. The end of the steel plate support rod 43 is inserted into the support groove 461. A clamp 431 is fixedly connected to the end of the steel plate support rod 43 away from the support column 46. The clamp 431 is clamped and connected with a connecting rod 432. The connecting rod 432 is fixedly connected to the connecting column 411, so that the steel plate support rod 43 is convenient to be installed between the extended steel plate 42 and the connecting column 411. When installing the steel plate support rod 43, the steel plate support rod 43 can drive the support column 46 to rotate, so that the cam 47 is clamped in the limiting groove 441 and the end of the clamping rod 48 is clamped in the clamping groove 425.

[0103] Particularly, the steel plate support rod 43 has elasticity. When installing the clamp 431 onto the connecting rod 432, the steel plate support rod 43 can be bent, so that the clamp 431 is clamped on the connecting rod 432, making the connection between the clamp 431 and the connecting rod 432 easy to achieve.

[0104] By toggling the seat 45, the sliding steel plate connecting bar 44 is located between two adjacent extended steel plates 42. The end of the steel plate support rod 43 is inserted into the support groove 461. Rotate the steel plate support rod 43 to drive the support column 46 to rotate. The support column 46 drives the cam 47 to be clamped in the limit groove 441, and drives the end of the clamping rod 48 to be clamped in the clamping groove 425, realizing the fixation of two adjacent steel plate connecting bars 44, and synchronously realizing the fixation of the steel plate connecting bar 44 and the extended steel plate 42. Bend the steel plate support rod 43. After the elastic deformation of the steel plate support rod 43, the clamp 431 can be clamped and connected to the connecting rod 432, so that the steel plate support rod 43 is convenient to be installed between the extended steel plate 42 and the connecting column 411 to provide a supporting force for the extended steel plate 42.

[0105] Specifically, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 12 , there are two sets of settlement measurement components 5, which are respectively arranged on two opposite second bearing rods 144 connected to the outermost extension part 14. The settlement measurement component 5 includes a measurement seat 51, a laser pen 52 and a measuring ruler 53.

[0106] The measurement seat 51 is slidably connected to the second bearing rod 144 and can be fixed to the second bearing rod 144 after sliding. The laser pen 52 is inserted into the measurement seat 51 and is arranged parallel to the bearing main board 12, that is, the light beam emitted by the laser pen 52 is parallel to the bearing main board 12. Sliding the measurement seat 51 can adjust the position of the laser pen 52 on the second bearing rod 144. The measuring ruler 53 is in the shape of a triangular strip and is fixedly connected to the pit wall of the foundation pit. The inclined side of the measuring ruler 53 is arranged close to the laser pen 52. One of the right-angled sides of the measuring ruler 53 is horizontally arranged. The scale of the measuring ruler 53 is located on its inclined side. The scale of the measuring ruler 53 is used to measure the displacement of the laser pen 52 moving in the vertical direction, converting the displacement of the laser pen 52 in the vertical direction into the displacement of the light beam irradiation point of the laser pen 52 on the inclined side of the measuring ruler 53, so that the settlement displacement of the bearing component 1 can be measured in an enlarged manner at a fixed ratio, thereby improving the accuracy of the settlement displacement measurement of the bearing component 1.

[0107] Install the laser pen 52 on the measurement seat 51. Slide the measurement seat 51 so that the light beam of the laser pen 52 first irradiates the bottom end of the inclined side of the measuring ruler 53. Adjust one of the right-angled sides of the measuring ruler 53 to be in a horizontal state by the shielding condition of the measuring ruler 53 for the light beam. Then continue to slide the measurement seat 51 so that the light beam of the laser pen 52 just irradiates at the zero position of the scale of the measuring ruler 53. When the laser pen 52 moves down with the bearing component 1, the light beam irradiation point of the laser pen 52 can follow the movement, so that the settlement displacement of the bearing component 1 can be measured in an enlarged manner at a fixed ratio, thereby improving the accuracy of the settlement displacement measurement of the bearing component 1.

[0108] Further, referring to Figure 12 , the measuring seat 51 is fixedly connected with a sliding sleeve 511. The sliding sleeve 511 is slidably sleeved on the second bearing rod 144 in an adapted manner to form a sliding connection relationship between the measuring seat 51 and the second bearing rod 144.

[0109] Furthermore, referring to Figure 12 , a screw 512 is threadedly disposed on the sliding sleeve 511. After the position of the laser pointer 52 is adjusted, the screw 512 is screwed, and the screw 512 can fix the sliding sleeve 511 on the second bearing rod 144 to fix the position of the laser pointer 52.

[0110] Referring to Figure 1 , in order to prevent the bearing assembly 1 from being damaged, an infrared displacement sensor 6 is fixedly connected to the bearing main board 12. The infrared displacement sensor 6 is disposed opposite to the bearing column 11. The infrared displacement sensor 6 is used to output a displacement signal between the bearing column 11 and the bearing main board 12. The infrared displacement sensor 6 is electrically connected to a controller 61, and the controller 61 is electrically connected to an alarm 62. Both the controller 61 and the alarm 62 are installed on the bearing main board 12. The controller 61 responds to the displacement signal and is used to control the alarm 62 to give an alarm.

[0111] Under the supporting action of the first bearing rod 13 and the second bearing rod 144, the distance value between the bearing column 11 and the bearing main board 12 is in a fixed state. When the jack 2 applies pressure, the distance value between the bearing column 11 and the bearing main board 12 will be within a preset range. When the distance value between the bearing column 11 and the bearing main board 12 exceeds the preset range, it indicates that the force on the bearing column 11 exceeds the bearing range of the bearing assembly 1. At this time, it is necessary to stop the jack 2 from increasing the applied pressure to prevent the bearing assembly 1 from suffering irreversible damage.

[0112] The infrared displacement sensor 6 outputs the displacement signal between the bearing column 11 and the bearing main board 12 to the controller 61. When the displacement signal exceeds the preset value, the controller 61 can control the alarm 62 to give an alarm to remind the detector to stop the jack 2 from increasing the applied pressure, so that the bearing assembly 1 is not easily damaged irreversibly.

[0113] The implementation principle of a detection device for the bearing capacity of the foundation of an existing building in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: During use, according to the actual situation of the building foundation, the expansion part 14 is appropriately fixed and assembled on the pressure-bearing main board 12 to adjust the pressure-bearing area of the pressure-bearing component 1, and the expansion steel plate 42 is appropriately fixed and assembled on the main steel plate 41 to adjust the support area of the steel plate component 4. The laser pen 52 is installed on the measuring seat 51, and one of the right-angled sides of the measuring ruler 53 is adjusted to be in a horizontal state by means of the laser pen 52. The jack 2 applies pressure to detect the bearing capacity of the foundation of the existing building, so that the pressure-bearing area can be adjusted according to the foundation of the on-site building, reducing the detection time of the bearing capacity of the foundation of the existing building and improving the detection efficiency of the bearing capacity of the foundation of the existing building.

[0114] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited accordingly. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the bearing capacity of an existing building foundation, characterized in that: The device comprises a pressure-bearing component (1), a jack (2), a pressure sensor (3), a steel plate component (4) and a settlement measurement component (5); the pressure-bearing component (1), the jack (2), the pressure sensor (3) and the steel plate component (4) are arranged in sequence from the bottom of a foundation pit to the foundation of a building; the settlement measurement component (5) is arranged on the pressure-bearing component (1); the steel plate component (4) is used to press against the foundation of the building; the pressure-bearing component (1) is used to press against the bottom of the foundation pit in a manner of a variable pressure-bearing area; and the settlement measurement component (5) is used to measure the sinking displacement of the pressure-bearing component (1); The pressure bearing component (1) comprises: A pressure column (11), the top end of which is connected to a jack (2); A pressure-bearing main plate (12) is arranged at an end of the pressure-bearing column (11) away from the jack (2); At least three first pressure-bearing rods (13) are evenly arranged around the pressure-bearing column (11), one end of the first pressure-bearing rod (13) is connected to the pressure-bearing column (11), and the other end is connected to the pressure-bearing main plate (12), and the first pressure-bearing rod (13) is arranged obliquely; There are more than two expansion parts (14), all the expansion parts (14) are nested layer by layer, and the innermost expansion part (14) is nested on the pressure-bearing main board (12), and the connection structure between two adjacent layers of expansion parts (14) is the same as the connection structure between the innermost expansion part (14) and the pressure-bearing main board (12); The innermost extension part (14) comprises a pressure-bearing extension plate (141), a pressure-bearing connection plate (142), a fixed connection plate (143) and a second pressure-bearing rod (144); two pressure-bearing extension plates (141) are provided and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pressure-bearing main plate (12); a first plug plate (1411) is connected to the pressure-bearing extension plate (141); and the first plug plate (1411) is inserted into a first slot (121) provided on the pressure-bearing main plate (12); Two groups of pressure-bearing connection plates (142) are provided, and correspond one to one with the pressure-bearing extension plates (141). Each group of pressure-bearing connection plates (142) has two pressure-bearing connection plates (142) and are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the pressure-bearing extension plate (141). The pressure-bearing connection plates (142) are connected to a second plug plate (1421), and the second plug plate (1421) is inserted into a second slot (122) provided on the pressure-bearing main plate (12); Four fixed connection plates (143) are provided, and correspond to the pressure-bearing connection plates (142) one by one. The fixed connection plates (143) are connected to the pressure-bearing connection plates (142), and the fixed connection plates (143) are slidably arranged on the pressure-bearing expansion plates (141); A first fixing portion (15) is provided between two mutually adjacent pressure-bearing connecting plates (142), a second fixing portion (16) is provided between two mutually adjacent fixed connecting plates (143), four second pressure-bearing rods (144) are provided, one end of the four second pressure-bearing rods (144) is respectively connected to the two first fixing portions (15) and the two second fixing portions (16), and the other end of the second pressure-bearing rod (144) is connected to a third fixing portion (17) provided on the pressure-bearing column (11), and the third fixing portion (17) is used to fix the second pressure-bearing rod (144) on the pressure-bearing column (11); When the second pressure-bearing rod (144) is fixed to the pressure-bearing column (11), the first fixing portion (15) is used to fix the two pressure-bearing connecting plates (142) connected to it, and the second fixing portion (16) is used to fix the two fixed connecting plates (143) connected to it; The first fixing part (15) comprises a first fixing column (151), a first clamp (152) and a first fixing ball (153); A first placement groove (1422) is provided between the ends of the two pressure-bearing connecting plates (142), two groups of first fixing columns (151) are provided, and are symmetrically arranged on the two pressure-bearing connecting plates (142), the first fixing columns (151) are located in the first placement groove (1422), the number of first fixing columns (151) in each group is two, the two first fixing columns (151) are arranged in the vertical direction, and four first clamps (152) are provided, and are connected to the first fixing columns (151) in a one-to-one correspondence; The first fixing ball (153) is arranged in the first placement groove (1422), and an annular first fixing groove (1531) is provided on both sides of the first fixing ball (153) close to the two pressure-bearing connecting plates (142), and two first paving grooves (1532) are provided on the side wall of the first fixing groove (1531) away from the pressure-bearing main plate (12), and the first paving grooves (1532) correspond to the first clamping head (152) one by one, and the first paving grooves (1532) are used for allowing the first clamping head (152) to slide into the first fixing groove (1531).

2. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of an existing building foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second fixing portion (16) comprises a second fixing column (161), a second clamp (162) and a second fixing ball (163); Two groups of second fixing columns (161) are provided, and are symmetrically arranged on the ends of the two fixing connecting plates (143), each group of second fixing columns (161) has two, and four second clamps (162) are provided, and are connected to the second fixing columns (161) in a one-to-one correspondence; The second fixing ball (163) is arranged between the ends of the two fixing connecting plates (143). The second fixing ball (163) is located in a second placement groove (1412) opened on the pressure-bearing expansion plate (141). The second fixing ball (163) is provided with annular second fixing grooves (1631) on both sides close to the two fixing connecting plates (143). The second fixing ball (163) is provided with two second making way grooves (1632) at the opening position of each second fixing groove (1631). The second making way grooves (1632) correspond to the second clamping head (162) one by one. The second making way grooves (1632) are used for allowing the second clamping head (162) to slide into the second fixing groove (1631).

3. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of an existing building foundation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third fixing part (17) comprises a fixing block (171), a fixing clamping plate (172) and a fixing nut (173); the fixing block (171) is connected to the pressure-bearing column (11); two fixing clamping plates (172) are symmetrically arranged; the two fixing clamping plates (172) are both slidably arranged on the fixing block (171); and the sliding directions of the two fixing clamping plates (172) are directions of approaching each other or moving away from each other; the sides of the two fixing clamping plates (172) approaching each other are both attached to the side wall of the second pressure-bearing rod (144); and the fixing nut (173) is threadedly sleeved on the side walls of the two fixing clamping plates (172) moving away from each other.

4. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of an existing building foundation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first fixing ball (153) and the second fixing ball (163) are both provided with a mounting groove (1533) adapted to the end of the second pressure-bearing rod (144), and the end of the second pressure-bearing rod (144) away from the third fixing portion (17) is inserted into the mounting groove (1533).

5. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of an existing building foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel plate assembly (4) comprises: The main steel plate (41) is connected to a connecting column (411) at the center, and the connecting column (411) is connected to the pressure sensor (3); The extended steel plate (42) is provided with more than two layers, the more than two layers of extended steel plates (42) are nested layer by layer, the innermost extended steel plate (42) is nested on the main steel plate (41), and the connection structure between two adjacent layers of extended steel plates (42) is the same as the connection structure between the innermost extended steel plate (42) and the main steel plate (41); The steel plate support rods (43) are provided with more than two groups, the more than two groups of steel plate support rods (43) correspond one to one with the more than two layers of extended steel plates (42), and the number of steel plate support rods (43) in each group is multiple, one end of the steel plate support rod (43) is connected to the connecting column (411), and the other end is used to provide support force to the extended steel plate (42); There are multiple extended steel plates (42) in each layer, and the multiple extended steel plates (42) are arranged in a surrounding manner. The innermost extended steel plate (42) is connected to a third plug plate (421), and the third plug plate (421) is inserted into a third slot (412) opened on the main steel plate (41). The third plug plate (421) is connected to the main steel plate (41) by a countersunk bolt (422).

6. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of an existing building foundation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The extended steel plates (42) are provided with through connection holes (423), and the connection holes (423) on all the extended steel plates (42) on each layer form a circular connection channel. A steel plate connection strip (44) adapted to the connection holes (423) is provided between two adjacent extended steel plates (42) on each layer, and the steel plate connection strip (44) is slidably arranged in the connection channel.

7. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of an existing building foundation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of each of the steel plate connecting strips (44) is connected to a toggle seat (45), the toggle seat (45) is slidably arranged in a sliding hole (424) provided on the extended steel plate (42), the sliding hole (424) is connected to the connecting hole (423), a support column (46) is rotatably arranged on the toggle seat (45), one end of the support column (46) close to the adjacent steel plate connecting strip (44) is connected to a cam (47), the cam (47) is used to be clamped in a limiting groove (441) provided on the adjacent steel plate connecting strip (44), a clamping rod (48) is connected to the support column (46), and one end of the clamping rod (48) away from the support column (46) is connected to the support column (46). The end is used to be clamped in a clamping groove (425) opened on the extended steel plate (42) where the toggle seat (45) is located, and a support groove (461) adapted to the end of the steel plate support rod (43) is opened on the support column (46), and the support groove (461) corresponds to the steel plate support rod (43) one by one, and the steel plate support rod (43) is elastic, and the end of the steel plate support rod (43) is inserted into the support groove (461), and the end of the steel plate support rod (43) away from the support column (46) is connected to a clamp (431), and the clamp (431) is connected to a connecting rod (432), and the connecting rod (432) is connected to the connecting column (411).

8. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of an existing building foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The settlement measurement assembly (5) is provided with two groups, and the two groups of settlement measurement assemblies (5) are respectively arranged on two of the second pressure-bearing rods (144) that are opposite to each other and connected to the outermost extension part (14). The settlement measurement assembly (5) comprises a measuring seat (51), a laser pen (52) and a measuring ruler (53). The measuring seat (51) is slidably connected to the second pressure-bearing rod (144), and the measuring seat (51) can be fixed to the second pressure-bearing rod (144) after sliding. The laser pen (52) is arranged on the measuring seat (51) and is arranged parallel to the pressure-bearing main plate (12). The measuring ruler (53) is in the shape of a triangular strip and is connected to the pit wall of the foundation pit. The oblique side surface of the measuring ruler (53) is arranged close to the laser pen (52), and the scale of the measuring ruler (53) is located on the oblique side surface of the measuring ruler (53). The scale of the measuring ruler (53) is used to measure the displacement of the laser pen (52) in the vertical direction.

9. The device for detecting the bearing capacity of an existing building foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure-bearing main plate (12) is connected to an infrared displacement sensor (6), which is arranged opposite to the pressure-bearing column (11). The infrared displacement sensor (6) is used to output a displacement signal between the pressure-bearing column (11) and the pressure-bearing main plate (12). The infrared displacement sensor (6) is electrically connected to a controller (61), which is electrically connected to an alarm (62). The controller (61) responds to the displacement signal and is used to control the alarm (62) to sound an alarm.

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