Wild lepista sordida strain H116 and open field cultivation method thereof

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a wild lepista sordida strain H116 and an open field cultivation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of edible fungus research, the lepista sordida strain H116 has been preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection on June 25, 2023, the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M20231094, and the preservation address is Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; soybean straw and ginger straw are used as main cultivation materials, bran, lime, gypsum and lepista sordida cultivation strains H116 are added, the cost is lower than that of corncobs and cottonseed hulls, meanwhile, cow dung, urea and other nitrogen sources do not need to be added, production procedures are reduced, the labor cost is reduced, the cultivation materials do not need stack retting fermentation, the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is increased. Meanwhile, the lepista sordida strain H116 can be produced in advance, the fruiting speed is high, the yield is high, and mass production of the lepista sordida strain H116 is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field related to edible fungi research, and in particular to a wild shimeji mushroom strain H116 and an open-field cultivation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The fruiting body of Lepista sordida is light purple or lotus pink, with a strong aroma, bright color, and delicious taste. It is delicious when eaten fresh or dried. It is a rare and excellent edible fungus with high development value. It has a high protein content, and its crude protein content is second only to mushrooms and higher than other edible fungi. It has a complete range of essential amino acids. Lepista sordida contains selenium, germanium, zinc, iron and other trace elements necessary for the human body. It has the effects of nourishing blood, benefiting the mind, nourishing the liver and benefiting the five internal organs. It is especially rich in selenium, germanium and other substances. The selenium content in the fruiting body is several times or even dozens of times that of fruits, vegetables, rice, corn, pork, beef, eggs, milk, etc.

[0003] At present, the hibiscus mushroom is mainly grown in the wild, its number is scarce and it has a tendency to become increasingly depleted with changes in environmental conditions; the hibiscus mushroom is a grass-rotting fungus, and corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, sawdust and rice straw are commonly used as cultivation materials in current production, but these raw materials are used in large quantities in edible fungus production, the cost is gradually increasing, and the yield is not high, and commercial production cannot be achieved. Seeking straw as a raw material that is widely available, locally sourced and rich in nutrients will greatly reduce production costs, alleviate environmental pollution, and achieve the recycling of straw.

[0004] The existing cultivation material formula has a low protein content and needs to add cow dung, urea, etc. to increase the protein content. At the same time, the cultivation material needs to be composted and fermented, which has many processes, high labor costs, and a long cultivation cycle. In addition, when this strain (H116) uses traditional corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, etc. as cultivation materials, the mycelium grows slowly and the bioconversion rate is low. Summary of the invention

[0005] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a new strain of Lentinula umbellata (H116), and the second purpose is to provide a cultivation material formula and a cultivation method suitable for the growth of the new strain of Lentinula umbellata (H116) with a wide source and rich nutrition, so as to increase the growth rate of mycelium, increase the yield, reduce the production process, and reduce the production cost;

[0006] In order to achieve the first purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] Wild strain H116 was collected in Huoshaomiao Village, Shizhong Town, Jianyang City, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province (104°E, 30°N). The rDNA ITS sequence of strain H116 was amplified and sequenced by PCR to obtain a DNA fragment of 688 bp in length. The obtained ITS sequence was uploaded to NCBI to obtain the sequence number MG516585, and BLAST comparison was performed. The results identified the H116 strain as Lepista sordida;

[0008] The Lepista sordida H116 strain was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on June 25, 2023, with the deposit number CCTCC NO: M20231094, and the deposit address is Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

[0009] In order to achieve the second purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A method for cultivating wild shimeji mushroom strain H116 in the open field comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1. Straw treatment: directly crush the soybean straw after harvesting soybeans into 2-3 cm lengths, water them thoroughly three days in advance, and cover them with mulch to promote the soybean straw to fully absorb water. Cut the dried ginger straw into small pieces of about 3-5 cm;

[0012] S2. Preparation of cultivation materials: preparing three formulas with different mass ratios of the same materials;

[0013] Formula 1: weigh 60 parts of soybean straw, 30 parts of ginger straw, 8 parts of bran, 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum according to mass percentage, and mix them well;

[0014] Formula 2: weigh 70 parts of soybean straw, 20 parts of ginger straw, 8 parts of bran, 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum according to mass percentage, and mix them evenly;

[0015] Formula 3, weigh 80 parts of soybean straw, 10 parts of ginger straw, 8 parts of bran, 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum according to mass percentage, and mix them evenly;

[0016] S3. Make low ridges: Make ridges according to the specifications of 70cm wide ridge surface and 50cm wide aisle. Use a hoe or shovel to take out the soil on the ridge surface to a depth of about 5cm and place it on the aisle;

[0017] S4. Spread the mixed planting material in the low ridge, 15 kg of planting material per square meter, scrape the surface of the planting material flat, and water it once, 3 L of water per square meter;

[0018] S5. Sowing: dig sowing holes on the cultivation material at a distance of 10 cm square, with a depth of 5 cm and a diameter of 5 cm, sow the flower-faced mushroom spawn (wheat grain spawn) into the sowing holes, sowing 2 bottles of spawn per square meter of cultivation material;

[0019] S6. Covering: Cover the fungus with the cultivation material to a thickness of 1 cm, and then cover the cultivation material with the soil in the aisle to a thickness of 2 to 3 cm, and then pour clean water on the soil surface once, pouring 2L of water per square meter;

[0020] S7, Cultivation: Cover with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%. During the fungus growth stage, keep the soil moist; when hyphae are found on the soil surface, use an arch rod to arch up the sunshade net to make a small arch shed;

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The invention develops a new variety of edible fungi, and uses soybean straw and ginger straw as main cultivation materials, with a cost reduced by about 10% compared with that of using corn cobs and cottonseed hulls. At the same time, no nitrogen sources such as cow dung and urea need to be added, and the cost is reduced by about 5%. The production process is reduced, and the labor cost is reduced. The cultivation materials do not need to be piled and fermented, which greatly reduces the labor cost. At the same time, the production can be advanced by about 20 days, the mushrooms are quickly produced, and the yield is high, so that the mass production of the flower-faced shiitake mushroom strain H116 can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the phylogenetic tree of the liliaceous mushroom strain H116;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a real picture of wild flower-faced mushroom;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the ground for open-field cultivation;

[0026] Figure 4 This is the cultivation result picture of the control group;

[0027] Figure 5 This is the cultivation result picture of formula 1;

[0028] Figure 6 This is the cultivation result picture of formula 2;

[0029] Figure 7 This is the cultivation result picture of formula 3;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a picture of mycelium growth;

[0031] Fig. 9 This is a diagram of the antagonism test. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Embodiment 1:

[0034] The wild strain H116 was collected from Huoshaomiao Village, Shizhong Town, Jianyang City, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province (104°E, 30°N). The rDNA ITS sequence of strain H116 was amplified and sequenced by PCR to obtain a DNA fragment of 688 bp in length. The obtained ITS sequence was uploaded to NCBI to obtain the sequence number MG516585, and a BLAST comparison was performed. Several known similar sequences were downloaded from the NCBI database as reference sequences, and Ganoderma carnosum (AB763348) was used as the outgroup. The reliability of the phylogenetic tree was tested by Bootstrap 500 times. The phylogenetic evolutionary tree was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining method of MEGA 7.0 software. Figure 1 It can be seen that the neighbor-joining cluster analysis showed that multiple strains in the genus Lepista sordida were clustered into two branches with a high support rate, among which strain H116 and Lepista sordida in the database were clustered into a large branch; it was more closely related to two strains from Japan and Brazil (sequence numbers were KP293583 and OR166788, respectively), with an ITS nucleotide consistency rate of 100.00%; it was more closely related to strain MN258660 from Jiangxi, China, with an ITS nucleotide consistency rate of 97.87%; based on this result, strain H116 was identified as Lepista sordida;

[0035] The Lepista sordida H116 strain was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on June 25, 2023, with the deposit number CCTCC NO: M20231094, and the deposit address is Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

[0036] Embodiment 2:

[0037] The invention domesticates the wild strain H116 collected from Huoshaomiao Village, Shizhong Town, Jianyang City, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province (104° east longitude, 30° north latitude), uses soybean straw and ginger straw as main cultivation materials for production, does not need to be composted and fermented, adopts raw material cultivation to reduce labor intensity, and mycelium grows faster, and the yield of flower-faced mushroom is improved; the planting area of ​​soybeans in my country is constantly expanding, and a large amount of soybean straw is produced. Compared with corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, etc., soybean straw is rich in nutrition, and contains higher protein, fat and fiber, especially its high protein content reaches 10%-12%; ginger straw has a higher crude protein content, reaching 16.87%-19.53%, which is higher than that of mung bean grass, oat grass and corn straw, etc., has a low crude fiber content, a low crude fat content of only about 0.8%, but is rich in some unsaturated fatty acids, and is very suitable for the growth of grass-rot fungi;

[0038] The present invention discloses a method for cultivating a wild shimeji mushroom strain H116 in the open field, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1. Straw treatment: directly crush the soybean straw after harvesting soybeans into 2-3 cm lengths, water them thoroughly three days in advance, and cover them with mulch to promote the soybean straw to fully absorb water. Cut the dried ginger straw into small pieces of about 3-5 cm;

[0040] S2. Prepare the cultivation material: weigh 60 parts of soybean straw, 30 parts of ginger straw, 8 parts of bran, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum respectively according to the mass percentage, and mix them evenly;

[0041] Meanwhile, 60 parts of corn cobs, 20 parts of rice husks, 10 parts of cow dung, 8 parts of bran, 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum were used as the control group;

[0042] S3. Make low ridges: Make ridges according to the specifications of 70cm wide ridge surface and 50cm wide aisle. Use a hoe or shovel to take out the soil on the ridge surface to a depth of about 5cm and place it on the aisle;

[0043] S4. Spread the mixed planting material in the low ridge, 15 kg of planting material per square meter, scrape the surface of the planting material flat, and water it once, 3 L of water per square meter;

[0044] S5. Sowing: dig sowing holes on the cultivation material at a distance of 10 cm square, with a depth of 5 cm and a diameter of 5 cm, sow the flower-faced mushroom spawn (wheat grain spawn) into the sowing holes, sowing 2 bottles of spawn per square meter of cultivation material;

[0045] S6. Covering: Cover the fungus with the cultivation material to a thickness of 1 cm, and then cover the cultivation material with the soil in the aisle to a thickness of 2 to 3 cm, and then pour clean water on the soil surface once, pouring 2L of water per square meter;

[0046] S7, Cultivation: Cover with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%. During the fungus growth stage, keep the soil moist; when hyphae are found on the soil surface, use an arch rod to arch up the sunshade net to make a small arch shed;

[0047] The cultivation results of the control group were as follows Figure 4 As shown, the cultivation results of formula 1 are as follows Figure 5 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the mushroom yield rate of formula 1 is higher.

[0048] Embodiment 3:

[0049] The present invention discloses a method for cultivating a wild shimeji mushroom strain H116 in the open field, comprising the following steps:

[0050] S1. Straw treatment: directly crush the soybean straw after harvesting soybeans into 2-3 cm lengths, water them thoroughly three days in advance, and cover them with mulch to promote the soybean straw to fully absorb water. Cut the dried ginger straw into small pieces of about 3-5 cm;

[0051] S2. Prepare the cultivation material: weigh 70 parts of soybean straw, 20 parts of ginger straw, 8 parts of bran, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum respectively according to the mass percentage, and mix them evenly;

[0052] S3. Make low ridges: Make ridges according to the specifications of 70cm wide ridge surface and 50cm wide aisle. Use a hoe or shovel to take out the soil on the ridge surface to a depth of about 5cm and place it on the aisle;

[0053] S4. Spread the mixed planting material in the low ridge, 15 kg of planting material per square meter, scrape the surface of the planting material flat, and water it once, 3 L of water per square meter;

[0054] S5. Sowing: dig sowing holes on the cultivation material at a distance of 10 cm square, with a depth of 5 cm and a diameter of 5 cm, sow the flower-faced mushroom spawn (wheat grain spawn) into the sowing holes, sowing 2 bottles of spawn per square meter of cultivation material;

[0055] S6. Covering: Cover the fungus with the cultivation material to a thickness of 1 cm, and then cover the cultivation material with the soil in the aisle to a thickness of 2 to 3 cm, and then pour clean water on the soil surface once, pouring 2L of water per square meter;

[0056] S7, Cultivation: Cover with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%. During the fungus growth stage, keep the soil moist; when hyphae are found on the soil surface, use an arch rod to arch up the sunshade net to make a small arch shed;

[0057] The cultivation results of formula 2 are as follows Figure 6 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the mushroom yield rate of formula 2 is much higher than that of formula 1 and the control group.

[0058] Embodiment 4:

[0059] The present invention discloses a method for cultivating a wild shimeji mushroom strain H116 in the open field, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1. Straw treatment: directly crush the soybean straw after harvesting soybeans into 2-3 cm lengths, water them thoroughly three days in advance, and cover them with mulch to promote the soybean straw to fully absorb water. Cut the dried ginger straw into small pieces of about 3-5 cm;

[0061] S2. Prepare the cultivation material: weigh 80 parts of soybean straw, 10 parts of ginger straw, 8 parts of bran, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum according to the mass percentage, and mix them well;

[0062] S3. Make low ridges: Make ridges according to the specifications of 70cm wide ridge surface and 50cm wide aisle. Use a hoe or shovel to take out the soil on the ridge surface to a depth of about 5cm and place it on the aisle;

[0063] S4. Spread the mixed planting material in the low ridge, 15 kg of planting material per square meter, scrape the surface of the planting material flat, and water it once, 3 L of water per square meter;

[0064] S5. Sowing: dig sowing holes on the cultivation material at a distance of 10 cm square, with a depth of 5 cm and a diameter of 5 cm, sow the flower-faced mushroom spawn (wheat grain spawn) into the sowing holes, sowing 2 bottles of spawn per square meter of cultivation material;

[0065] S6. Covering: Cover the fungus with the cultivation material to a thickness of 1 cm, and then cover the cultivation material with the soil in the aisle to a thickness of 2 to 3 cm, and then pour clean water on the soil surface once, pouring 2L of water per square meter;

[0066] S7, Cultivation: Cover with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%. During the fungus growth stage, keep the soil moist; when hyphae are found on the soil surface, use an arch rod to arch up the sunshade net to make a small arch shed;

[0067] The cultivation results of formula 3 are as follows Figure 7 As shown, it can be seen from the figure that the mushroom yield rate of formula 3 is lower than that of formula 2 and higher than that of formula 1 and the control group.

[0068] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A wild shimeji mushroom strain H116, characterized in that: The wild shiitake mushroom strain H116 has the scientific name Lepista sordida H116, which was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on June 25, 2023, with the collection number CCTCC NO: M20231094, and the collection address is Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

2. An open-field cultivation method of the wild shimeji mushroom strain H116 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, preparing a cultivation material, taking 55-80 parts of soybean straw, 10-35 parts of ginger straw, 5-10 parts of bran, 1-2 parts of lime, and 1-2 parts of gypsum, and mixing them well; S2, make low ridges, with a ridge width of 70cm and aisle width of 50cm. Use a hoe or shovel to take out the soil on the ridge surface to a depth of about 5cm and place it on the aisle; S3, spreading the mixed planting material in the low ridge, 15 kg of planting material per square meter, scraping the surface of the planting material flat, and watering it once, 3 L of water per square meter; S4, sowing, dig sowing holes on the cultivation material at a distance of 10 cm square, with a depth of 5 cm and a diameter of 5 cm, sow the flower-faced mushroom spawn (wheat grain spawn) into the sowing holes, and sow 2 bottles of spawn per square of cultivation material; S5, Covering, Cover the fungus with the cultivation material, the covering thickness is 1cm, and then cover the cultivation material with the soil in the aisle, the covering thickness is 2-3cm, and then pour clean water on the soil surface once, pouring 2L of water per square meter S6, cultivation, cover with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%, keep the soil moist during the fungus stage. When hyphae are found on the soil surface, use an arch rod to arch the sunshade net to make a small arch shed.

3. The open-field cultivation method of the wild shimeji mushroom strain H116 according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S1, 60 parts of soybean straw, 30 parts of ginger straw, 8 parts of bran, 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum were taken.

4. The open-field cultivation method of the wild shimeji mushroom strain H116 according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, 70 parts of soybean straw, 20 parts of ginger straw, 8 parts of bran, 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum were taken.

5. The open-field cultivation method of the wild shimeji mushroom strain H116 according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, 80 parts of soybean straw, 10 parts of ginger straw, 8 parts of bran, 1 part of lime, and 1 part of gypsum were taken.

6. The open-field cultivation method of the wild shimeji mushroom strain H116 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soybean straw in S1 was crushed into 2-3 cm lengths, watered thoroughly three days in advance, and covered with mulch to promote the soybean straw to fully absorb water. The ginger straw was cut into small segments of about 3-5 cm.

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