Shock wave protection helmet with self-inflatable lining

Abstract

The invention discloses a shock wave protection helmet with a self-inflatable lining, and aims to solve the problem that an existing combat helmet cannot meet the requirement of soldiers for rapid protection response on a battlefield. The flexible helmet is composed of a helmet body, N flexible base bodies installed on the wall of an inner cavity of the helmet body, inflatable liners covering the inner surfaces of the flexible base bodies and fixing tying belts, and the flexible base bodies, the inflatable liners and the fixing tying belts are detachably connected with the helmet body. The helmet body is composed of a main body, a fixing screw and a brim, and the inflatable lining is composed of an air storage air bag, two inflatable air bags, a high-pressure air storage bottle, an air bottle firing device, an air duct and two air release valves. In a scene with residual explosives, the inflatable air bag is used for pressing and inflating; in an emergency explosion-proof scene, the high-pressure gas storage bottle is used for quickly inflating, so that the injury of shock waves to the head is reduced. The shock wave protection helmet can greatly improve the wrapping performance of the head and the sealing performance of the helmet, and is good in shock wave protection effect, simple in structure, convenient to use and low in replacement cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of helmets, and in particular relates to a shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner, which can effectively attenuate shock wave energy and enhance the safety performance of the helmet. Background Art

[0002] In modern warfare, the extensive use of various explosive weapons has led to blast injuries becoming one of the main modes of casualties among combatants. At the same time, due to the lack of targeted individual protective equipment, the proportion of brain injuries caused by explosions has also increased significantly. Data from local wars show that battlefield casualties caused by explosions account for 70% of the total casualties, of which 60% are caused by blast waves. Craniocerebral concussion injuries induced by blast waves can lead to behavioral disorders such as headaches and syncope, as well as chronic neurological degeneration such as memory loss and emotional tension, which seriously affect the physical and mental health and combat capabilities of combatants. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the blast wave protection characteristics of protective helmets.

[0003] After investigation, it was found that the different types of combat helmets currently available are mainly based on high-strength fiber composite materials, which are mainly used to protect the head from direct blows from blunt objects, bullets or fragments, and to avoid non-penetrating injuries that may be caused to the head. However, bulletproof helmets cannot completely protect or significantly reduce the impact of explosion shock waves. Studies have shown that explosion shock waves can be transmitted through the skull, causing higher intracranial pressure. When wearing a helmet, the explosion shock wave will enter the gap between the helmet and the head, and the reflection superposition effect will occur in this small space, causing the peak value of the shock wave overpressure on the surface of the skull to increase sharply. In addition, the blocking effect of the helmet makes the shock wave propagation in the gap between the helmet and the head lag behind the shock wave diffraction outside the helmet. The shock wave inside the helmet and the diffracted shock wave behind the head produce a pressure concentration effect, which makes the shock wave pressure on the back of the skull greater than when not wearing a helmet. Therefore, the suspended lining structure of the traditional military helmet cannot protect against explosion shock waves, but will aggravate the degree of injury to the wearing soldier.

[0004] In recent years, researchers have improved the shock wave protection performance of helmet assemblies by selecting new energy-absorbing materials, improving the head buffer structure, supplementing the facial configuration design, and improving the head's closure. Among them, improving the performance of the helmet lining material and the structural design can increase the conversion and dissipation of the shock wave on the propagation path, thereby effectively reducing the overpressure peak caused by the explosion. According to the theory of shock wave propagation, pads with lower stiffness are better at absorbing shock wave energy and reducing head acceleration. Common safety helmets such as motorcycle and electric vehicle helmets use soft materials such as filled foam plastics to improve the impact resistance of the helmet. By changing the structure of the helmet lining, researchers have designed structures such as honeycomb structures and corrugated structures to improve the energy absorption characteristics and structural strength of the helmet lining, which has improved its impact resistance compared to pure foam linings. For example, the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN113954281B provides a bulletproof military helmet composite material and its preparation method, which produces a high-strength helmet composite material by hot pressing the blended material and laminating the honeycomb buffer layer, and slows down the transmission of the impact force by bonding the honeycomb buffer layer to the inner layer, thereby reducing the damage caused by the impact force transmitted to the human body; the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN116929151A provides a collapsible helmet lining based on a corrugated structure, including multiple support layers adapted to the shape of the helmet shell, and a corrugated energy-absorbing layer is arranged between adjacent support layers. When the helmet is deformed inward by impact, the lining can collapse and deform to effectively absorb the impact energy. However, due to individual differences, in actual situations, it is difficult for the helmet lining to fit tightly with the head. The gap between the lining and the head and the pores of the porous lining material are prone to cause local pressure concentration, thereby weakening the shock wave protection of the helmet.

[0005] As a low wave impedance medium, gas can weaken a certain amount of shock wave energy under its damping and scattering effects. Therefore, according to the size of the gap between the helmet and the head, designing an adjustable size inflatable buffer system is a solution to avoid the reflection superposition effect of shock waves in the gap. For example, the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN115251515A provides a helmet with an inflatable liner, the inflatable liner of the helmet is composed of a deflation button, a simple inflating device, and an air bag. The deflation button and the inflating device are used to realize the inflation and deflation of the air bag. Compared with traditional helmets, when a helmet with an inflatable liner encounters a collision, the air bag will produce a certain buffer to reduce the impact force on the head. However, this simple inflatable device (such as a push-type air pump) is inflated slowly. According to the size of an average adult's helmet, it usually takes tens of seconds to a few minutes to fill the liner. In the battlefield environment, the time from the discovery of the explosive device to the explosion shock wave acting on the human body is very short (such as the explosion delay of a grenade is only 3 to 4 seconds), so the air pump inflation method cannot meet the combat personnel's rapid completion of the inflation protection response.

[0006] In summary, existing combat helmets are mainly used to protect against direct strikes by bullets or fragments and cannot protect against explosion shock waves. With the large-scale use of explosive weapons, traditional military helmets can no longer meet the needs of individual protection. Filling helmets with soft materials such as foam plastics cannot achieve a tight fit with the head, and the shock wave protection effect is average. Existing helmets with inflatable linings also cannot meet the rapid protection response of soldiers on the battlefield. Currently, there is no low-cost shock wave protection helmet suitable for combat use. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are, on the one hand, to solve the problem that existing combat helmets do not consider the damage effect of explosion shock waves, and on the other hand, to solve the problem that helmets with inflatable linings cannot meet the rapid protection response of soldiers on the battlefield.

[0008] The present invention provides a shock wave protection helmet with a self-inflating helmet lining, which has the characteristics of simple operating principle, fast protection response, low manufacturing cost, strong protection ability, and reusable. Through a high-pressure gas cylinder, the helmet lining can be inflated within seconds, improving the sealing of the helmet protection and achieving an effective effect of protecting against explosion shock waves.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the shock wave protection helmet with a self-inflating helmet lining of the present invention is composed of a helmet body, N (N≥5) flexible substrates installed on the inner cavity wall of the helmet body, an inflatable lining covering the inner surface of the N flexible substrates, and a fixing strap. The helmet body, the N flexible substrates, and the inflatable lining are closely attached in sequence and detachably connected. Defining the convex surface of the helmet body as the outer side, the present invention is composed of the helmet body, the flexible substrate, and the inflatable lining from the outside to the inside in sequence; the flexible substrate is bonded or fixed to the inner surface of the helmet body through a mother-and-son buckle (such as Velcro or button); the inflatable lining also covers the inner surface of the flexible substrate through a mother-and-son buckle; the fixing strap is installed on the inner surface of the helmet through a fixing screw; the flexible substrate, the inflatable lining, and the fixing strap are detachably connected to the helmet body, and damaged components can be replaced arbitrarily.

[0010] The helmet body is composed of a main body, fixing screws, and a brim; the main body is a hard helmet shell, and its shape can refer to but is not limited to traditional combat helmets. The outer edge length L1 of the main body satisfies 180.3mm < L1 < 210.8mm, the outer edge width D1 satisfies 142.2mm < D1 < 165.1mm, and the protection area S1 satisfies S1≥1300cm 2, the thickness T1 satisfies 9mm < T1 < 12mm. A total of 4 screws are processed through the side of the main body. The screw diameter Φ1 satisfies 1mm ≤ Φ1 ≤ 5mm, and the screw length is the same as the thickness T1 of the main body, which are used to fixedly connect the mother and son buckles. The 2 screws near the top of the head are connected to the flexible matrix through the mother and son buckles, and the 2 screws near the neck are connected to the fixed laces through the mother and son buckles; the shape of the visor is the same as that of the visor of a traditional combat helmet, and the size of the visor is the same as that of the visor of a traditional combat helmet. It is made of aluminum alloy material to improve the anti-deformation ability of the helmet body.

[0011] The main body material is a polymer synthetic fiber material with low density, corrosion resistance, high strength, high tear resistance, and high flame retardancy. It is required that the density ρ1 of the material satisfies 1200kg / m 3 ≤ρ1≤2000kg / m 3 , the elastic modulus E1 satisfies E1 ≥ 131GPa, and the elongation at break λ1 satisfies λ1 ≥ 2.8%. The requirement principle is to reach the secondary protection standard, that is, to effectively protect the 7.62mm lead core bullet fired by the Type 54 pistol (bullet speed 420 - 450m / s, bullet weight 5.5g, depression depth < 2.5cm).

[0012] The shape of the flexible matrix is an oblate body to improve the space utilization rate of the inner cavity wall of the helmet. The flexible matrix material is a polymer synthetic material with light weight, impact resistance, excellent shock absorption performance, wear resistance, high flame retardancy, heat dissipation, and easy processing, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (EPS), polyurethane (PU) foam, etc. It is required that the density ρ2 of the material satisfies 10kg / m 3 ≤ρ2≤80kg / m 3 , the elastic modulus E2 satisfies 0.8MPa ≤ E2 ≤ 80MPa, the tensile strength σ2 is between dozens of kPa and hundreds of kPa, and the elongation at break λ2 satisfies λ2 ≥ 10%. The number of the flexible matrices is N, including 1 at the top of the inner cavity wall of the helmet, 1 at the forehead, 1 at the back of the head, and more than 2 even numbers are evenly arranged along the circumference of the helmet body to achieve the purpose of overall head protection. The diameter Φ2 of the flexible matrix satisfies 65mm ≤ Φ2 ≤ 150mm, and the thickness T2 satisfies 10mm ≤ T2 ≤ 30mm, and it is connected to the inner cavity wall of the helmet through the fixed method of the mother and son buckles.

[0013] The inflatable inner lining consists of a gas storage airbag, 2 inflatable airbags, a high-pressure gas storage cylinder, a gas cylinder firing device, a ventilation pipe, and 2 air release valves. The outer edge length L3 of the inflatable inner lining satisfies 120.3mm < L3 < 190.8mm, and the outer edge width D3 satisfies 82.2mm < D3 < 145.1mm. The inflatable inner lining completely covers the flexible matrix on the inner cavity wall of the main body. After the gas storage airbag is inflated, the inflatable inner lining can completely fill the gap between the head and the main body to improve the sealing performance of the helmet.

[0014] The air storage bag is the helmet-shaped part of the inflatable liner. The material of the air storage bag is preferably a polymer material with high strength, low initial modulus, good elongation, high enthalpy and high toughness, such as nylon fabric, polyphthalamide fabric, polyamide fabric, etc. The material is required to meet the density ρ3 of 1.0g / cm 3 ≤ρ3≤1.4g / cm 3 , the elastic modulus E3 satisfies 2GPa≤E3≤4GPa, and the elongation at break λ3 satisfies 20%≤λ3≤50%; the inner and outer surfaces of the air storage airbag need to be covered with coating materials, such as sealing rubber or sealing silicone, to improve the air tightness and heat resistance of the inflatable lining.

[0015] Two inflatable airbags are located on the left and right sides of the inflatable liner, and the left inflatable airbag is arranged on the outer side of the left lower edge of the inflatable liner. The left inflatable airbag is connected to the air storage airbag through a first one-way air valve, and the right inflatable airbag is connected to the air storage airbag through a second one-way air valve. The left inflatable airbag and the right inflatable airbag have the same shape and structure, and the left inflatable airbag is used for illustration. The left inflatable airbag is in the shape of an oblate button, and the maximum diameter Φ4 of the left inflatable airbag satisfies 15mm≤Φ4≤25mm. The interior is filled with high resilience material, and the outer surface of the left inflatable airbag has an air inlet. After the left inflatable airbag is compressed, the gas in the left inflatable airbag enters the air storage airbag through the first one-way air valve. After the compression force is removed, the left inflatable airbag automatically rebounds to an oblate body, and at the same time, air enters the left inflatable airbag through the air inlet of the left inflatable airbag. Repeated compression of the left inflatable airbag can continuously inflate the air storage airbag. After the right inflatable airbag is compressed, the gas in the right inflatable airbag enters the air storage airbag through the second one-way air valve. After the compression force is removed, the right inflatable airbag automatically rebounds to an oblate body. At the same time, air enters the right inflatable airbag through the air inlet of the right inflatable airbag. Repeated compression of the right inflatable airbag can continuously inflate the air storage airbag. Generally, the left inflatable airbag and the right inflatable airbag are compressed at the same time to quickly inflate the air storage airbag.

[0016] The deflation valve is a one-way valve located on the left and right sides of the inflatable liner. The left deflation valve is set on the inner side of the left lower edge of the inflatable liner, and the right deflation valve is set on the inner side of the right lower edge of the inflatable liner. The left deflation valve and the right deflation valve are exactly the same. The air inlet of the left deflation valve is connected to the air storage airbag. The left deflation valve remains closed during inflation and use. When the gas in the air storage airbag needs to be released, the left deflation valve is opened to complete deflation. The air inlet of the right deflation valve is connected to the air storage airbag. The right deflation valve remains closed during inflation and use. When the gas in the air storage airbag needs to be released, the right deflation valve is opened to complete deflation.

[0017] The material of the high-pressure gas cylinder is a replaceable disposable product, consisting of a bottle body, a bottle mouth thread, and a sealing membrane. The bottle body is a cylinder with an open end, made of lightweight, high-strength, corrosion-resistant metal materials, such as titanium alloy, steel, etc. According to the portability requirements, the diameter Φ5 of the high-pressure gas cylinder meets 10mm≤Φ5≤13mm, the height H5 meets 30mm≤H5≤50mm, and the gas storage capacity is between 2g and 4g; the open end of the bottle body is connected to the bottle mouth thread, and the high-pressure gas cylinder is filled with a cryogenic liquid pump. The type of gas stored is generally colorless, odorless, non-flammable and non-explosive gas, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, etc. The nominal pressure is required to be 15MPa (about 148 times the standard atmospheric pressure) to ensure that the high-pressure gas cylinder is filled within 1s. The entrance of the bottle mouth thread of the high-pressure gas cylinder filled with gas is sealed with a sealing membrane, and is connected to the air inlet thread of the gas cylinder firing device through a thread.

[0018] The gas cylinder firing device is square-box-shaped and uses the gas cylinder firing device on a conventional automatic inflatable life jacket, including a spring firing pin, a stopper, a pull rope and a third one-way air valve. The gas inlet thread of the gas cylinder firing device is connected to the bottle mouth thread of the high-pressure gas cylinder, and is connected to the ventilation pipe through the third one-way air valve. The stopper is released by pulling the pull rope of the gas cylinder firing device, and then the spring firing pin pierces the sealing membrane of the high-pressure gas cylinder, and the gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder quickly enters the gas storage airbag through the ventilation pipe.

[0019] The ventilation pipe is made of a polymer hose material with good airtightness, corrosion resistance and a certain strength, and the preferred pressure-resistant range of the chloroprene rubber material is 15 to 20 MPa. According to the requirement that the gas can pass smoothly, the inner diameter Φ6 of the ventilation pipe satisfies 2mm≤Φ6≤5mm, the wall thickness is 0.5 to 1.5mm, and the length is 100 to 300mm; one end of the ventilation pipe is connected to the third one-way air valve of the gas cylinder firing device, and the other end is connected to the gas storage airbag. The gas in the high-pressure gas storage bottle is filled into the gas storage airbag through the ventilation pipe. In order to ensure that the ventilation pipe will not be burst by the high-pressure gas during the inflation process, the ventilation pipe is required to use a polymer hose material with a pressure resistance range of 15 to 20 MPa.

[0020] The inflatable liner can be inflated in two different ways, namely, airbag inflation and high-pressure gas cylinder inflation: (1) manually press the left inflatable airbag and the right inflatable airbag at the same time, the left inflatable airbag inflates the air into the air storage airbag through the first one-way air valve, and the right inflatable airbag inflates the air into the air storage airbag through the second one-way air valve. It takes tens of seconds to several minutes to fill the air storage airbag according to the different pressing speeds; (2) pull the draw rope of the gas cylinder firing device to release the limiter's restriction on the spring striker, and then the spring striker pierces the sealing membrane of the high-pressure gas cylinder, and the high-pressure gas rushes into the air storage airbag through the ventilation pipe to complete the rapid inflation. It is inferred that it takes about 5 seconds for the automatic inflatable life jacket to fill a 15L airbag, and the time required for the high-pressure gas cylinder to fill a 1-2L inflatable liner is less than 1 second.

[0021] The fixing strap is fixed with screws to ensure that the helmet will not fall off or shake when worn. The fixing strap is preferably made of high-strength, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and high-toughness materials, such as nylon or synthetic fiber materials, and the material is required to meet the density ρ7 of 1.0g / cm 3 ≤ρ7≤2.0g / cm 3 , elastic modulus E7 satisfies 2GPa≤E7≤4GPa, and elongation at break λ7 satisfies 20%≤λ7≤50% to ensure the durability and stability of the fixed strap. The length of the fixed strap can be adjusted to suit wearers with different head circumferences, and the width of the fixed strap D7 satisfies 40mm≤D7≤80mm.

[0022] The protective principle of the inflatable liner of the present invention is: on the one hand, when the shock wave load acts on the helmet, when the incident shock wave propagates from one medium (medium 1) to another medium (medium 2) with different acoustic impedance, the incident shock wave will generate disturbances and propagate transmission wave disturbances and reflection wave disturbances to medium 1 and medium 2 respectively. According to the continuity conditions between different medium layers, under ideal conditions, the stress and particle velocity on the interlayer contact surface should satisfy:

[0023]

[0024] Where σ i ,σ r ,σ t are the interface stresses of the incident wave, reflected wave, and transmitted wave, respectively, and v i ,v r ,v t They represent the particle velocity of the incident wave, reflected wave and transmitted wave respectively; the discontinuous jump conditions of the incident wave, reflected wave and transmitted wave in the medium satisfy:

[0025] dσ=±c·ρdv (2)

[0026] Where c is the wave velocity of stress wave propagating in the medium, ρ is the density of the medium; let the acoustic impedance of the medium be Z = c·ρ, let the acoustic impedance of medium 1 be Z1, let the acoustic impedance of medium 2 be Z2, we can get:

[0027]

[0028] Combining formula (1) and formula (3), we can get σ i / Z1=σ r / Z1+σ t / Z2, the interfacial stress σ of the reflected wave in medium 1 r and the interfacial stress σ of the transmitted wave in medium 2 t The interface stress σ of the incident wave can be i , expressed as:

[0029]

[0030] It can be seen that when the shock wave propagates from the low acoustic impedance medium (medium 1) to the high acoustic impedance medium (medium 2), Z2>Z1. According to formula (4), the interfacial stress σ of the reflected wave is r The interface stress σ with the incident wave i The direction is the same; according to formula (4), the interface stress σ of the transmitted wave t Greater than the incident disturbance σ i , resulting in stress enhancement. When the shock wave propagates from the high acoustic impedance medium (medium 1) to the low acoustic impedance medium (medium 2), Z1>Z2. According to formula (4), the interfacial stress σ of the reflected wave is r The interface stress σ with the incident wave i The direction is opposite, and the interface stress σ of the transmitted wave t Less than the incident disturbance σ i , resulting in stress weakening. Generally, the greater the density of the medium, the greater the acoustic impedance of the medium. Therefore, the helmet body, flexible substrate, air (density 1.29kg / m 3 ) has a decreasing acoustic impedance. When the shock wave propagates from the air (medium 1) to the helmet body (medium 2), the wave propagates from the low acoustic impedance medium (Z1) to the high acoustic impedance medium (Z2), Z2>Z1, and the interfacial stress σ of the reflected wave r The interface stress σ with the incident wave i The direction is the same, which leads to an increase in the interfacial stress of the transmitted wave. When the shock wave propagates from the helmet body (medium 1) to the flexible substrate (medium 2), the wave propagates from the high acoustic impedance medium (Z1) to the low acoustic impedance medium (Z2), Z1>Z2, and the interfacial stress σ of the transmitted wave t Less than the interface stress σ of the incident wave i, resulting in the weakening of the shock wave energy; when the shock wave propagates from the flexible substrate (Z1) to the inflatable liner (Z2), since the outer cover of the air storage bag in the inflatable liner is very thin, the acoustic impedance of the air storage bag is approximately equal to the acoustic impedance of the internal gas, so the wave propagates from the high acoustic impedance medium (Z1) to the low acoustic impedance medium (Z2), Z1>Z2, and the interface stress σ of the transmitted wave t Less than the interface stress σ of the incident wave i , resulting in further attenuation of the shock wave intensity, thereby reducing the craniocerebral injury caused by the shock wave.

[0031] On the other hand, the inflatable liner expands rapidly to fill the gap between the helmet body and the head, improving the protective closure of the helmet and effectively preventing the shock wave from generating diffraction and convergence superposition effects between the helmet body and the head, thereby improving the shock wave protection effect of the helmet assembly.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. Aiming at battlefield explosion scenes, the present invention adopts a flexible matrix and an inflatable liner as an explosion shock wave buffer medium. The inflatable liner can greatly improve the wrapping of the head and the sealing of the helmet, and has a better shock wave protection effect compared with traditional combat helmets.

[0034] 2. The inflatable liner of the present invention has two different inflation modes. When entering a scene with residual explosives, the inflatable airbag can be used to press and inflate; in an emergency explosion-proof scene, it can be quickly inflated through a high-pressure gas cylinder to reduce the damage to the head caused by the shock wave.

[0035] 3. The present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient use, convenient assembly and disassembly of parts, low replacement cost, and reusability. The size of the helmet and the liner can be adjusted according to the user's situation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 It is an engineering view of the helmet body 1. Figure 3 (a) is a front view of the helmet body 1, Figure 3 (b) is a side view of the helmet body 1, Figure 3 (c) Yes Figure 3 (b) AA cross-section view.

[0039] Figure 4 It is an engineering view of the flexible substrate 2. Figure 4 (a) is a front view of the flexible substrate 2, Figure 4(b) is a side view of the flexible substrate 2.

[0040] Figure 5 is an engineering view of the inflatable inner lining 3. Figure 5 (a) is a front view of the inflatable inner lining 3, Figure 5 (b) is a side view of the inflatable inner lining 3.

[0041] Description of reference numerals:

[0042] 1. Helmet body, 11. Main body, 12. Screw, 13. Visor, 2. Flexible substrate, 3. Inflatable inner lining, 31. Gas storage airbag, 321. Left inflatable airbag, 322. Right inflatable airbag, 33. High-pressure gas cylinder, 34. Gas cylinder firing device, 35. Ventilation pipe, 361. Left air release valve, 362. Right air release valve, 4. Fixed tie Detailed implementation manners

[0043] To facilitate the understanding and implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0044] Figure 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention, Figure 2 is the exploded view of the present invention. The present invention is composed of a helmet body 1, 7 flexible substrates 2, an inflatable inner lining 3, and a fixed tie 4 from top to bottom. The helmet body 1, N (N = 7 in Embodiment 1) flexible substrates 2, and the inflatable inner lining 3 are closely attached and detachably connected in sequence.

[0045] The helmet body 1 is composed of a main body 11, a fixing screw 12, and a visor 13; the inflatable inner lining 3 is composed of a gas storage airbag 31, two inflatable airbags, a high-pressure gas cylinder 33, a gas cylinder firing device 34, a ventilation pipe 35, and two air release valves.

[0046] Figure 3 (a) is a front view of the helmet body 1, Figure 3 (b) is a side view of the helmet body 1, Figure 3 (c) is Figure 3 (b) A-A sectional view. The shape and size of the main body 11 are the same as those of the main body of the QGF-03 type Kevlar helmet. As Figure 3 (b) shows, the outer edge length L1 of the main body 11 satisfies 180.3 mm < L1 < 210.8 mm. As Figure 3 (a) shows, the outer edge width D1 satisfies 142.2 mm < D1 < 165.1 mm, and the protection area S1 satisfies S1 ≥ 1300 cm 2 , as Figure 3As shown in (c), the thickness T1 satisfies 9 mm < T1 < 12 mm. A total of 4 screws 12 are processed through the side of the main body 11. The diameter Φ1 of the screw 12 satisfies 1 mm ≤ Φ1 ≤ 5 mm, and the length of the screw 12 is the same as the thickness of the main body 11, which is used to fixedly connect the female part of the Velcro. The 2 screws 12 near the top of the head are connected to the flexible matrix 2 through the female part of the Velcro, and the 2 screws 12 near the neck are connected to the fixed lace 4 through the female part of the Velcro; the shape of the brim 13 is the same as that of the brim of the QGF-03 Kevlar helmet, and the size of the brim 13 is the same as the brim size of the QGF-03 Kevlar helmet. It is made of aluminum alloy material to improve the anti-deformation ability of the helmet body 1.

[0047] The material of the fixed lace 4 is selected as a synthetic fiber material. The length of the fixed lace 4 is adjustable to adapt to wearers with different head circumferences. The width D7 of the fixed lace 4 satisfies 40 mm ≤ D7 ≤ 80 mm. The fixed lace 4 is connected to the inner side of the main body 11 through 2 fixing screws 12 on the side near the neck.

[0048] Figure 4 is the engineering view of the flexible matrix 2. Figure 4 (a) is the front view of the flexible matrix 2. Figure 4 (b) is the side view of the flexible matrix 2. As Figure 4 (a) shown, the shape of the flexible matrix 2 is an oblate body, the diameter Φ2 satisfies 65 mm ≤ Φ2 ≤ 150 mm, and the thickness T2 satisfies 10 mm ≤ T2 ≤ 30 mm. The diameters of the 2 flexible matrices 2 at the forehead and the back of the head are 90 mm, and the diameter of the 1 flexible matrix 2 at the top of the head is 100 mm; as Figure 4 (b) shown, the diameters of the 4 flexible matrices 2 at the temples on both sides are 80 mm. The material of the flexible matrix 2 in the embodiment is polystyrene foam, and the thickness T2 is 30 mm. It is attached to the inner side of the main body 11 at the top of the head, forehead, temples on both sides, and back of the head through Velcro.

[0049] Figure 5 is the engineering view of the inflatable inner lining 3. Figure 5 (a) is the front view of the inflatable inner lining 3. Figure 5 (b) is the side view of the inflatable inner lining 3. As Figure 5 (b) shown, the outer edge length L3 of the inflatable inner lining 3 satisfies 120.3 mm < L3 < 190.8 mm, as Figure 5 (a) shown, the outer edge width D3 satisfies 82.2 mm < D3 < 145.1 mm.

[0050] As Figure 2 shown, combined with Figure 3The shape of the air storage bag 31 is similar to that of the main body 11, and it is attached to the inner side of the flexible substrate 2 by Velcro to store gas. The material of the air storage bag 31 of the embodiment is nylon fabric or other high molecular polymer materials, and the surface of the air storage bag 31 is covered with 1 mm thick sealing rubber to improve air tightness.

[0051] The two inflatable air bags are located on the left and right sides of the inflatable liner 3, and the left inflatable air bag 321 (see Figure 1 ) is arranged on the outer side of the left lower edge of the inflatable liner (3), the right inflatable airbag 322 is arranged on the outer side of the right lower edge of the inflatable liner 3, the left inflatable airbag 321 is connected to the air storage airbag 31 through a first one-way air valve (to allow air to enter the air storage airbag 31 from the left inflatable airbag 321 but not to propagate in the reverse direction), and the right inflatable airbag 322 is connected to the air storage airbag 31 through a second one-way air valve (to allow air to enter the air storage airbag 31 from the right inflatable airbag 322 but not to propagate in the reverse direction); the left inflatable airbag 321 has the same shape and structure as the right inflatable airbag 322; the left inflatable airbag 321 is in the shape of an oblate button, with a diameter Φ4 satisfying 15mm≤Φ4≤25mm, and is filled with a high resilience material (resilience ≥50%), and the outer surface of the left inflatable airbag 321 has an air inlet After the left inflatable airbag 321 is compressed, the gas in the left inflatable airbag 321 enters the air storage airbag 31 through the first one-way air valve. After the compression force is removed, the left inflatable airbag 321 automatically rebounds to an oblate body. At the same time, air enters the left inflatable airbag 321 through the air inlet of the left inflatable airbag 321. The left inflatable airbag 321 is repeatedly compressed to continuously inflate the air storage airbag 31. After the right inflatable airbag 322 is compressed, the gas in the right inflatable airbag 322 enters the air storage airbag 31 through the second one-way air valve. After the compression force is removed, the right inflatable airbag 322 automatically rebounds to an oblate body. At the same time, air enters the right inflatable airbag 322 through the air inlet of the right inflatable airbag 322. The right inflatable airbag 322 is repeatedly compressed to continuously inflate the air storage airbag 31.

[0052] The deflation valve is a one-way air valve, which is located on the left and right sides of the inflatable liner 3. The left deflation valve 361 is arranged on the inner side of the left lower edge of the inflatable liner 3, and the right deflation valve 362 (see Figure 1 ) is arranged on the inner side of the right lower edge of the inflatable liner 3, the left deflation valve 361 and the right deflation valve 362 are exactly the same, the air inlet of the left deflation valve 361 is connected to the air storage airbag 31, the left deflation valve 361 is kept closed during inflation and use, and the left deflation valve 361 is opened to complete deflation when the gas in the air storage airbag 31 needs to be released; the air inlet of the right deflation valve 362 is connected to the air storage airbag 31, the right deflation valve 362 is kept closed during inflation and use, and the right deflation valve 362 is opened to complete deflation when the gas in the air storage airbag 31 needs to be released;

[0053] The material of the high-pressure gas storage bottle 33 is titanium alloy, and it consists of a bottle body, a bottle mouth thread, and a sealing film. The bottle body is a cylinder with an opening at one end, and the diameter Φ5 satisfies 10mm≤Φ5≤13mm, and the height H5 satisfies 30mm≤H5≤50mm. The gas storage capacity is between 2g and 4g, and the stored gas is liquid carbon dioxide with a nominal pressure of 15MPa (about 148 times the standard atmospheric pressure), which ensures that the high-pressure gas storage bottle 33 is filled with gas within 1s. The open end of the bottle body is connected to the bottle mouth thread, and the bottle mouth thread entrance of the high-pressure gas storage bottle 33 filled with gas is sealed with a sealing film, and is connected to the air inlet thread of the gas cylinder firing device 34 through the thread.

[0054] The gas cylinder firing device 34 is in the shape of a square box, and adopts the gas cylinder firing device on a conventional automatic inflatable life jacket, including a packaging shell, a spring striker, a stopper, a pull rope, and a third one-way air valve. The gas inlet thread of the gas cylinder firing device 34 is connected to the bottle mouth thread of the high-pressure gas storage bottle 33, and is connected to the ventilation pipe 35 through the third one-way air valve. By pulling the pull rope of the gas cylinder firing device 34 to release the stopper, the spring striker then pierces the sealing membrane of the high-pressure gas storage bottle 33, and the gas in the high-pressure gas storage bottle 33 quickly enters the gas storage airbag 31 through the ventilation pipe 35.

[0055] The ventilation pipe 35 is made of polymer hose material, preferably chloroprene rubber material with a pressure resistance range of 15 to 20 MPa, with an inner diameter Φ6 satisfying 2mm≤Φ6≤5mm, a wall thickness of 0.5 to 1.5mm, and a length of 100 to 300mm. One end is connected to the third one-way air valve of the gas cylinder firing device 34, and the other end is connected to the gas storage airbag 31. The gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder 33 can be filled into the gas storage airbag 31 through the ventilation pipe 35, and it is ensured that the ventilation pipe 35 will not be burst by the high-pressure gas during the inflation process.

[0056] The main parameters of Example 1 of the present invention are as follows: L1 = 210 mm, D1 = 180 mm, T1 = 10 mm, Φ1 = 5 mm, Φ2 = 80-100 mm, T2 = 30 mm, L3 = 150 mm, D3 = 120 mm, Φ4 = 15 mm, Φ5 = 10 mm, H5 = 30 mm, Φ6 = 5 mm, D7 = 40 mm. The material of the main body 11 is Kevlar fiber, with a density of ρ1 = 1440 kg / m 3 , elastic modulus E1 = 131 GPa, elongation at break λ1 = 2.8%; the material of the flexible substrate 2 is polystyrene foam, density ρ2 = 15 kg / m 3 , elastic modulus E2≤11.5MPa, elongation at break λ2=145%; the material of the air storage bag 31 is nylon material, density ρ3=1150kg / m 3, elastic modulus E3 = 3.5 GPa, elongation at break λ3 = 50%; the diameter Φ4 of the left inflatable airbag 321 is 20 mm; the material of the high-pressure gas storage bottle 33 is titanium alloy, density ρ5 = 4510 kg / m 3 , elastic modulus E5 = 120GPa; the ventilation pipe 35 is made of chloroprene rubber material, with a wall thickness of 1mm and a length of 250mm; the material of the fixing strap 4 is synthetic fiber material, with a density of ρ7 = 1400kg / m 3 , elastic modulus E7=10GPa, elongation at break λ7=50%.

[0057] According to different application scenarios, the present invention can adopt two inflation methods. In one embodiment, before the wearer is ready to enter the preset explosion area (for example, the enemy evacuates a large number of mines or improvised explosive devices, etc.), the air storage bag 31 can be inflated in advance by pressing two inflatable airbags 32 at the same time until the air storage bag 31 matches the size of the wearer's head to achieve complete closed protection; in another embodiment, when the wearer suddenly encounters an explosion (for example, the enemy throws a grenade, or throws an improvised explosive device through a drone), within the reaction time, by releasing the limiter of the gas cylinder firing device 34, the high-pressure gas cylinder 33 is triggered to quickly inflate the gas storage bag 31, and the inflation is completed within 1 second, which plays a role in protecting against the explosion shock wave.

[0058] The above implementation example is only one implementation mode of the present invention, and its specific structure and size can be adjusted accordingly according to actual needs. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, modifications or improvements can be made, and these modifications or improvements to the present invention also fall within the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner, characterized in that A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating helmet liner comprises a helmet body, N flexible substrates (2) mounted on the inner wall of the helmet body (1), an inflatable liner (3) covering the inner surface of the N flexible substrates (2), and a fixing strap (4); the helmet body (1), the N flexible substrates (2), and the inflatable liner (3) are closely fitted in sequence and detachably connected; the convex surface of the helmet body (1) is defined as the outer side, and from the outside to the inside, they are the helmet body (1), the flexible substrate (2), and the inflatable liner (3); the flexible substrate (2) is bonded or fixed to the inner surface of the helmet body (1) by means of a snap fastener; the inflatable liner (3) is also covered on the inner surface of the flexible substrate (2) by means of a snap fastener; the fixing strap (4) is mounted on the inner surface of the helmet by means of a fixing screw (12); the flexible substrate (2), the inflatable liner (3), and the fixing strap (4) are detachably connected to the helmet body (1); N is a positive integer and N≥5; The helmet body (1) is composed of a main body (11), fixing screws (12) and a brim (13); the main body (11) is a hard helmet shell in the shape of a combat helmet; a total of four screws (12) are processed through the side of the main body (11) for fixing and connecting snap fasteners; two screws (12) near the top of the head are connected to the flexible base (2) through snap fasteners, and two screws (12) near the neck are connected to the fixing strap (4) through snap fasteners; the shape of the brim (13) is the same as that of the brim of the combat helmet; The material of the main body (11) is a high molecular synthetic fiber material with low density, corrosion resistance, high strength, high tear resistance and high flame retardancy, and is required to meet the secondary protection standard; The flexible substrate (2) is in the shape of an oblate body. The material of the flexible substrate (2) is a polymer synthetic material that is light, impact-resistant, has excellent shock-absorbing performance, wear-resistant, highly flame-retardant, has heat-dissipating properties, and is easy to process. The flexible substrate (2) is provided at the top of the inner cavity wall of the helmet body, at the forehead, and at the back of the head. An even number of two or more of the flexible substrates (2) are evenly arranged along the circumference of the helmet body, thereby achieving the purpose of overall head protection. The flexible substrate (2) is connected to the inner cavity wall of the helmet body by a snap-on fixing method. The inflatable liner (3) is composed of an air storage bag (31), two inflatable air bags, a high-pressure gas storage bottle (33), a gas bottle firing device (34), a ventilation pipe (35), and two air release valves; the inflatable liner (3) completely covers the flexible substrate (2) on the inner wall of the main body (11); when the air storage bag (31) is fully inflated, the inflatable liner (3) completely fills the gap between the head and the main body (11) to improve the sealing performance of the helmet; The air storage bag (31) is the helmet-shaped part of the inflatable liner (3). The material of the air storage bag (31) is a high molecular polymer material with high strength, low initial modulus, good elongation, high thermal enthalpy and high toughness. The inner and outer surfaces of the air storage bag (31) are covered with a coating material to improve the air tightness and heat resistance of the inflatable liner (3). The two inflatable airbags are located on the left and right sides of the inflatable liner (3), the left inflatable airbag (321) is arranged on the outer side of the left lower edge of the inflatable liner (3), and the right inflatable airbag (322) is arranged on the outer side of the right lower edge of the inflatable liner (3), the left inflatable airbag (321) is connected to the air storage airbag (31) through a first one-way air valve, and the right inflatable airbag (322) is connected to the air storage airbag (31) through a second one-way air valve; the left inflatable airbag (321) and the right inflatable airbag (322) have the same shape and structure; the left inflatable airbag (321) is in the shape of an oblate button, and is filled with a high resilience material; the outer surface of the left inflatable airbag (321) is provided with an air inlet, and after the left inflatable airbag (321) is compressed, the gas in the left inflatable airbag (321) is discharged through the second one-way air valve; A one-way air valve enters the air storage bag (31), and after the compression force is removed, the left inflatable air bag (321) automatically rebounds to an oblate body, and at the same time, air enters the left inflatable air bag (321) through the air inlet of the left inflatable air bag (321), and the left inflatable air bag (321) is repeatedly compressed to continuously inflate the air storage bag (31); after the right inflatable air bag (322) is compressed, the gas in the right inflatable air bag (322) enters the air storage bag (31) through the second one-way air valve, and after the compression force is removed, the right inflatable air bag (322) automatically rebounds to an oblate body, and at the same time, air enters the right inflatable air bag (322) through the air inlet of the right inflatable air bag (322), and the right inflatable air bag (322) is repeatedly compressed to continuously inflate the air storage bag (31); The deflation valve is a one-way air valve, which is located on the left and right sides of the inflatable liner (3). The left deflation valve (361) is arranged on the inner side of the left lower edge of the inflatable liner (3), and the right deflation valve (362) is arranged on the inner side of the right lower edge of the inflatable liner (3). The left deflation valve (361) and the right deflation valve (362) are completely the same. The air inlet of the left deflation valve (361) is connected to the air storage bag (31). The left deflation valve (361) is kept in a closed state during inflation and use. When the gas in the air storage bag (31) needs to be released, the left deflation valve (361) is opened to complete deflation. The air inlet of the right deflation valve (362) is connected to the air storage bag (31). The right deflation valve (362) is kept in a closed state during inflation and use. When the gas in the air storage bag (31) needs to be released, the right deflation valve (362) is opened to complete deflation. The high-pressure gas cylinder (33) is made of a replaceable disposable material and consists of a cylinder body, a bottle mouth thread, and a sealing diaphragm; the cylinder body is a cylinder with one end open, prepared from a lightweight, high-strength, and corrosion-resistant metal material. According to the portability requirements, the gas storage capacity of the high-pressure gas cylinder (33) is between 2g and 4g; the open end of the cylinder body is connected to the bottle mouth thread. The high-pressure gas cylinder (33) is filled using a cryogenic liquid pump, and the stored gas type is a colorless, odorless gas that is not easily flammable or explosive. The nominal pressure is required to be 15MPa, and it is ensured that the gas filling method of the high-pressure gas cylinder (33) is completed within 1s; the inlet of the bottle mouth thread of the high-pressure gas cylinder (33) filled with gas is sealed with a sealing diaphragm and connected to the inlet thread of the gas cylinder firing device (34) through a thread. The gas cylinder firing device (34) has a square box shape and uses the gas cylinder firing device on an automatic inflation life jacket, including a spring firing pin, a limiter, a pull cord, and a third one-way air valve; the inlet thread of the gas cylinder firing device (34) is connected to the bottle mouth thread of the high-pressure gas cylinder (33) and is connected to the ventilation pipe (35) through the third one-way air valve; by pulling the pull cord of the gas cylinder firing device (34) to release the limiter, then the spring firing pin pierces the sealing diaphragm of the high-pressure gas cylinder (33), and the gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder (33) quickly enters the gas storage airbag (31) through the ventilation pipe (35). The ventilation pipe (35) is prepared from a high molecular hose material. One end of the ventilation pipe (35) is connected to the third one-way air valve of the gas cylinder firing device (34), and one end is connected to the gas storage airbag (31). The gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder (33) is filled into the gas storage airbag (31) through the ventilation pipe (35). The fixing strap (4) is fixed using a screw (12) and is prepared from a high-strength, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and high-toughness material; the length of the fixing strap (4) is adjustable.

2. A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The snap fastener refers to Velcro or a button.

3. A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The main body (11) is in the shape of a QGF-03 type Kevlar helmet. The length L1 of the outer edge of the main body (11) satisfies 180.3 mm < L1 < 210.8 mm, the width D1 of the outer edge satisfies 142.2 mm < D1 < 165.1 mm, the protection area S1 satisfies S1 ≥ 1300 cm 2 , and the thickness T1 satisfies 9 mm < T1 < 12 mm; the diameter Φ1 of the screw 12 satisfies 1 mm ≤ Φ1 ≤ 5 mm, and the length of the screw (12) is the same as the thickness T1 of the main body (11); the size of the brim (13) is the same as that of the brim of the QGF-03 type Kevlar helmet.

4. A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The diameter Φ2 of the flexible matrix (2) satisfies 65mm ≤ Φ2 ≤ 150mm, and the thickness T2 satisfies 10mm ≤ T2 ≤ 30mm; the number N of the flexible matrix (2) is 7.

5. A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The outer edge length L3 of the inflatable lining (3) satisfies 120.3mm < L3 < 190.8mm, and the outer edge width D3 satisfies 82.2mm < D3 < 145.1mm; the maximum diameter Φ4 of the left inflatable airbag (321) satisfies 15mm ≤ Φ4 ≤ 25mm; the left inflatable airbag (321) and the right inflatable airbag (322) are compressed simultaneously to quickly inflate the gas storage airbag (31); the diameter Φ5 of the cylinder body of the high-pressure gas cylinder (33) satisfies 10mm ≤ Φ5 ≤ 13mm, and the height H5 satisfies 30mm ≤ H5 ≤ 50mm; the inner diameter Φ6 of the ventilation pipe (35) satisfies 2mm ≤ Φ6 ≤ 5mm, the wall thickness is 0.5 - 1.5mm, and the length is 100 - 300mm.

6. A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The width D6 of the fixing strap (4) satisfies 40mm ≤ D6 ≤ 80mm.

7. A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The density ρ1 of the polymer synthetic fiber material used in the main body (11) meets 1200 kg / m 3 ≤ρ1≤2000kg / m 3 , the elastic modulus E1 satisfies E1≥131GPa, the elongation at break λ1 satisfies λ1≥2.8%, the secondary protection standard refers to effective protection against 7.62mm lead core bullets fired from a Type 54 pistol, with a bullet speed of 420-450m / s, a bullet weight of 5.5g, and a depression depth of <2.5cm; the brim (13) is made of aluminum alloy; the polymer synthetic material used in the flexible substrate (2) is required to meet the density ρ2 of 10kg / m 3 ≤ρ2≤80kg / m 3 The elastic modulus E2 satisfies 0.8MPa≤E2≤80MPa, the tensile strength σ2 is between tens of kilopascals and hundreds of kilopascals, and the elongation at break λ2 satisfies λ2≥10%; the high-toughness polymer material used in the air storage airbag (31) satisfies the density ρ3 of 1.0g / cm 3 ≤ρ3≤1.4g / cm 3 , elastic modulus E3 satisfies 2GPa≤E3≤4GPa, and elongation at break λ3 satisfies 20%≤λ3≤50%; the coating material covering the inner and outer surfaces of the air storage bag (31) is sealing rubber or sealing silicone; the metal material used for the body of the high-pressure gas storage bottle (33) is titanium alloy or steel; the polymer hose material used for the ventilation pipe (35) has a pressure resistance range of 15 to 20MPa; the material used for the fixing strap (4) satisfies the density ρ7 of 1.0g / cm 3 ≤ρ7≤2.0g / cm 3 The elastic modulus E7 satisfies 2GPa≤E7≤4GPa, and the elongation at break λ7 satisfies 20%≤λ7≤50%; the resilience of the high resilience material filled inside the left inflatable airbag (321) and the right inflatable airbag (322) is ≥50%; the polymer hose material used in the ventilation duct (35) is a chloroprene rubber material.

8. A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that The polymer synthetic material used in the flexible substrate (2) is any one of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (EPS), and polyurethane (PU) foam; the high-toughness polymer material used in the air storage bag (31) is any one of nylon fabric, polyphthalamide fabric, and polyamide fabric; the fixing strap (4) is made of nylon material or synthetic fiber material; the chloroprene rubber material used in the ventilation pipe (35) has a pressure resistance range of 15 to 20 MPa.

9. A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The type of gas stored in the high-pressure gas storage cylinder (33) is any one of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and helium.

10. A shock wave protective helmet with a self-inflating liner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that When entering a scene where residual explosives are stored, the inflatable airbag is pressed and inflated. The method is: manually press the left inflatable airbag (321) and the right inflatable airbag (322) at the same time, the left inflatable airbag (321) inflates the air storage airbag (31) through the first one-way air valve, and the right inflatable airbag (322) inflates the air storage airbag (31) through the second one-way air valve, and the air storage airbag (31) is filled according to different pressing speeds; in an emergency explosion-proof scene, the high-pressure gas storage bottle is quickly inflated. The method is: pull the draw cord of the gas bottle firing device (34) to release the limiter from the spring striker, and then the spring striker pierces the sealing membrane of the high-pressure gas storage bottle (33), and the high-pressure gas rushes into the gas storage airbag (31) through the ventilation pipe (35) to complete the rapid inflation.

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