Coal-fired thermal power system integrating carbon capture and storage

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal-fired thermal power system integrating carbon capture and storage, which comprises a power generation system, a carbon capture system and a compression system, and is characterized in that a plurality of preheating devices for heating boiler feed water are arranged between a condenser and a deaerator of the power generation system; the partial preheating device supplies heat by a heat exchanger capable of outputting a temperature not less than a required temperature in the carbon capture system and the compression system; heat is supplied to a desorption tower of the carbon capture system by extraction steam of the power generation system, and the extraction steam after heat supply flows back to a deaerator of the power generation system to be mixed with boiler feed water; extracted steam of the power generation system is input into the first auxiliary steam turbine to drive the desorption tower to generate power before supplying heat to the desorption tower; extracted steam flows out of the first auxiliary steam turbine to supply heat to a preheating device matched with the first auxiliary steam turbine in required temperature, and then is input into the desorption tower to supply heat; the system can improve the power generation efficiency on the basis of carbon capture and storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a coal-fired thermal power system, in particular to a coal-fired thermal power system integrating carbon capture and storage. Background Art

[0002] Carbon dioxide is considered to be one of the main greenhouse gases causing global warming. In 2023, global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions increased by 410 million tons to a record high of 37.4 billion tons. Coal-fired power plants are the main sector of carbon emissions in the world. The current carbon capture technologies for coal-fired power plants can be roughly divided into pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, oxygen-enriched combustion and chemical chaining combustion. Post-combustion capture is one of the most mature and widely used carbon capture technologies in the current technology, and is more suitable for transformation on the basis of existing coal-fired power plants.

[0003] The existing technology includes systems that combine coal-fired power plants with post-combustion carbon capture and storage systems. Although these systems reduce carbon emissions, all the energy required for the carbon capture and storage systems is supplied by the coal-fired power plants, which reduces the power generation efficiency of the coal-fired power plants. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage, which can improve power generation efficiency on the basis of carbon capture and storage.

[0005] Technical solution: The coal-fired power system with integrated carbon capture and storage described in the present invention includes a power generation system, a carbon capture system and a compression system. A plurality of preheating devices for heating boiler feed water are provided between the condenser and the deaerator of the power generation system. Some of the preheating devices are heated by heat exchangers in the carbon capture system and the compression system that can output a temperature not less than the required temperature; the decomposition tower of the carbon capture system is heated by the extraction steam of the power generation system, and the extraction steam after heating flows back to the deaerator of the power generation system to mix with the boiler feed water.

[0006] Based on the above technical scheme, the heat exchangers in the carbon capture system and the compression system that can output a temperature not less than the required temperature are used to supply heat to part of the preheating device of the power generation system, and the boiler feed water is heated, thereby reducing the energy consumption required for heating the boiler feed water in the boiler of the power generation system. In this way, the waste heat of the heat exchangers in the carbon capture system and the compression system is effectively recovered and utilized, and the energy supply of the power generation system to the preheating device is reduced. In this way, although the power generation system reduces the power generation efficiency due to the integration of the carbon capture system and the compression system, the overall power generation efficiency is reversely improved by recycling the waste heat in the carbon capture system and the compression system; secondly, the power generation system is extracted, and the extraction steam is used to heat the analysis tower of the carbon capture system, which can effectively utilize the thermal energy of the extraction steam. Moreover, the system directly returns the extraction steam to the deaerator to mix with the boiler feed water. Compared with the prior art of returning the extraction steam to the condenser for condensation and then preheating by the preheating device, it can reduce the workload of the condenser and the preheating device of the power generation system and save energy.

[0007] Preferably, the heat exchangers of the carbon capture system and the compression system provide heat for different preheating devices respectively.

[0008] Since the heat generated by the heat exchangers of the carbon capture system and the compression system is not necessarily the same or similar, it is more effective to use the waste heat of the heat exchangers by separately supplying heat to different preheating devices. For example, if a heat exchanger that outputs low-grade thermal energy is used to supply heat to a preheating device that requires a higher temperature, the temperature output by the heat exchanger may not be enough to provide effective heat to the preheating device. It is more appropriate to use the heat exchanger to supply heat to a preheating device that requires a lower temperature.

[0009] Preferably, the higher the output temperature of the heat exchangers in the carbon capture system and the compression system, the closer the preheating device connected is to the deaerator.

[0010] From the condenser to the deaerator, the boiler feed water is heated step by step. Therefore, the heat exchanger with higher output temperature in the carbon capture system and compression system should be used to supply heat to the preheating device closer to the deaerator to achieve effective utilization of waste heat.

[0011] Preferably, the output pipelines of all heat exchangers in the compression system are integrated into one output pipeline connected to a preheating device.

[0012] The compression system normally needs to go through multiple stages of compression to finally compress carbon dioxide into liquid form. Each stage of compression normally uses a heat exchanger to cool the compressed gas. A large amount of heat is generated during the compression process, so the compression system has multiple heat exchangers that can output high-quality thermal energy. If a preheating device is connected to each of these heat exchangers, the complexity of the entire system will increase. In order to simplify the system, the output pipelines of all heat exchangers in the compression system are integrated into one output pipeline connected to a preheating device.

[0013] Preferably, when the temperature difference between the outputs of the heat exchangers of the carbon capture system and the compression system is within a set range, the preheating devices connected to the heat exchangers of the two systems are connected in parallel.

[0014] When the temperature difference between the outputs of the heat exchangers of the carbon capture system and the compression system is within the set range, the output temperatures of the two can be considered to be equivalent. In this way, the preheating devices that supply heat to the two systems are connected in parallel, which can effectively utilize the waste heat. Otherwise, if one of the preheating devices is located at the rear end, the previous preheating device has already heated the boiler feed water to the highest temperature that the latter preheating device can heat, which will cause the latter preheating device to be unable to heat the boiler feed water, thereby wasting the thermal energy of the latter preheating device. By connecting them in parallel, the colder boiler feed water can be heated at the same time.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of backup heating devices are provided between the condenser and the deaerator. When the carbon capture system and the compression system cannot provide sufficient heat, the boiler feed water flows through the preheating device and the backup heating device for heating. Otherwise, the boiler feed water only flows through the preheating device for heating.

[0016] A backup heating device is provided. When neither the carbon capture system nor the compression system can provide sufficient heat, the boiler feed water can be heated by the backup heating device to ensure that the feed water reaches the set temperature when it finally enters the boiler.

[0017] Preferably, the extraction steam pressure of the power generation system is not less than the steam pressure value corresponding to the required temperature of the analysis tower.

[0018] The pressure of the extraction steam corresponds to and is proportional to its temperature. The pressure of the extraction steam is not less than the saturated steam pressure value corresponding to the temperature required by the analysis tower, which can ensure that the temperature of the extraction steam is not less than the temperature required by the analysis tower.

[0019] Preferably, the extraction steam of the power generation system is first input into the first steam turbine to drive it to generate electricity before supplying heat to the analysis tower.

[0020] The extracted steam is first input into the first steam turbine to drive it to generate electricity. The electric energy generated by the first steam turbine can directly increase the total power generation of the power generation system and improve the power generation efficiency.

[0021] Preferably, the extraction steam flows out from the first auxiliary steam turbine to supply heat to a preheating device having a required temperature that matches the first auxiliary steam turbine, and then is input into the analysis tower for heating.

[0022] Before the extraction steam flows into the analysis tower for heating, it also provides heat for the preheating device. Compared with heating through the electric energy generated by the power generation system, it has higher energy efficiency, so that the power generation system can achieve the same heating effect by consuming more energy. Reducing energy consumption will in turn improve the power generation efficiency of the power generation system. It also increases the utilization rate of the extraction steam heat energy, avoiding the first steam turbine and the analysis tower from being unable to fully utilize the heat energy they contain.

[0023] Preferably, the carbon capture system includes an absorption tower for absorbing carbon dioxide in the flue gas generated by the power generation system. The absorbent output from the absorption tower is split and input into an analysis tower at upper and lower positions respectively. The absorbent at the bottom is preheated by the analyzed absorbent output from the analysis tower and then input into the analysis tower.

[0024] The absorbent output from the absorption tower is the absorbent after fully absorbing carbon dioxide. It is split and input into two positions, upper and lower, respectively, and is input into the analysis tower. Preheating the lower absorbent with the high-temperature absorbent after analysis can reduce the heat energy consumption of the analysis tower. If the upper absorbent is not preheated, the high-temperature absorbent above the analysis tower can be cooled, reducing the water vaporization in the absorbent from mixing with the separated carbon dioxide and entering the subsequent compression system, thereby increasing the energy consumption of the compression system.

[0025] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant effects: the heat exchangers in the carbon capture system and the compression system that can output a temperature not less than the required temperature are used to supply heat to the preheating device in the power generation system, thereby effectively utilizing the waste heat of the carbon capture system and the compression system, reducing the energy consumption of the power generation system itself for the preheating device, and thus improving the power generation efficiency of the power generation system; secondly, the extraction steam of the power generation system is used to supply energy to the first auxiliary steam turbine, the preheating device and the decomposition tower in turn, which also improves the power generation efficiency; finally, the extraction steam is returned to the deaerator instead of the condenser, which simplifies the processing flow and saves energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The overall structure diagram of this system is shown below: Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system under Mode 2; Figure 3 This is the overall structural diagram of the system under mode three; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system under mode 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] As shown in the figure, a coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage described in the present invention includes a power generation system, a carbon capture system and a compression system. A plurality of preheating devices 1-3 for heating boiler feed water are provided between the condenser 1-1 and the deaerator 1-2 of the power generation system. Some of the preheating devices 1-3 are heated by heat exchangers in the carbon capture system and the compression system that can output a temperature not less than the required temperature; the decomposition tower 2-1 of the carbon capture system is heated by the extraction steam of the power generation system, and the extraction steam after heating flows back to the deaerator 1-2 of the power generation system to mix with the boiler feed water.

[0028] The power generation system comprises a condenser 1-1, a boiler 1-4 and a main steam turbine. The main steam turbine is respectively provided with a high pressure cylinder 1-7, an intermediate pressure cylinder 1-8 and a low pressure cylinder 1-9. The water vapor generated in the boiler 1-4 enters the high pressure cylinder 1-7, the intermediate pressure cylinder 1-8 and the low pressure cylinder 1-9 on the main steam turbine in turn to generate power, and then enters the condenser 1-1 to cool down and condense into boiler feed water. The boiler feed water is first preheated by a plurality of preheating devices 1-3 and then enters the deaerator 1-2 for deoxygenation and heating. The deoxygenated boiler feed water can be further heated by a plurality of high pressure heaters 1-10. The high pressure heaters 1-10 are connected in series with each other. The closer the high pressure heater 1-10 is to the boiler 1-4 from the deaerator 1-2 to the boiler 1-4, the higher the temperature of the high pressure heater 1-10. The high pressure heater 1-10 is heated by the extraction steam in the high pressure cylinder 1-7 and the intermediate pressure cylinder 1-8, and finally enters the boiler 1-4 to be reheated to generate water vapor for recycling.

[0029] The preheating device 1-3 can be connected in series in sequence. The boiler feed water obtained by the condenser 1-1 is extracted by the condensate pump 1-11 and input into the preheating device 1-3 for heating. The temperature of the preheating device 1-3 increases step by step from the condenser 1-1 to the deaerator 1-2. The preheating device 1-3 closest to the deaerator 1-2 has the highest temperature. For the convenience of description, it is called the terminal preheating device 1-3. The terminal preheating device 1-3 can be heated by the extraction steam with suitable temperature on the main steam turbine to ensure its heating performance for the boiler feed water. In this embodiment, the low-pressure cylinder 1-9 is used for extraction steam heating. The principle of selecting the extraction position is that the temperature of the extraction steam should not be lower than the temperature required by the preheating device 1-3, and the temperature of the extraction steam corresponds to its pressure value, that is, the selection principle is that the extraction pressure value should not be less than the pressure value corresponding to the required temperature. Under the premise of meeting the requirements, steam with a pressure value as small as possible is extracted, because high-pressure steam can generate power more efficiently. All extraction steam used for heating are selected according to the above principle.

[0030] A backup heating device 1-5 may also be connected in parallel to the connecting pipeline between the terminal preheating device 1-3 and the preheating device 1-3 at the front end. When the multiple preheating devices 1-3 at the front end of the terminal preheating device 1-3 can provide sufficient heat to preheat the boiler feed water, the two ends of the standby heating device 1-5 are closed, the connecting pipeline between the terminal preheating device 1-3 and the preheating device 1-3 at the front end is connected, and the boiler feed water is heated only by the multiple preheating devices 1-3; otherwise, the two ends of the standby heating device 1-5 are connected, the connecting pipeline between the terminal preheating device 1-3 and the preheating device 1-3 at the front end is closed, and the boiler feed water flows from the standby heating device 1-5 to the terminal preheating device 1-3, so that heat is supplemented by the standby heating device 1-5 to ensure that the boiler feed water can reach the set temperature value when it finally reaches the deaerator 1-2; the standby heating device 1-5 can be heated separately by the main steam turbine extraction steam, and valves can be respectively set on the two ends of the standby heating device 1-5 and on the connecting pipeline between the terminal preheating device 1-3 and the preheating device 1-3 at the front end to control whether they are connected.

[0031] The extraction steam for supplying heat to the analytical tower 2-1 is extracted from the intermediate pressure cylinder 1-8. In order to distinguish this extraction steam from other extraction steam for convenience of description, this extraction steam is called regeneration extraction steam. For different systems, the regeneration extraction steam can also be extracted from the high pressure cylinder 1-7 or the low pressure cylinder 1-9. The extraction selection principle described above can be used. After the regeneration extraction steam is extracted from the intermediate pressure cylinder 1-8, it is first input into the first auxiliary steam turbine 1-6 to drive it to generate electricity, and then the first auxiliary steam turbine 1-6 outputs it to a preheating device 1-3 with a required temperature matching it to supply heat, and then it is successively input into The steam is then fed into the preheat exchanger 2-3 and the reboiler 2-4 to supply heat to the analysis tower 2-1. Of course, if the pressure of the regenerated extraction steam is insufficient, it can also be directly fed into the preheat exchanger 2-3 and the reboiler 2-4 to supply heat to the analysis tower 2-1 without passing through the first auxiliary steam turbine 1-6 and the preheating device 1-3. The preheat exchanger 2-3 is connected to the recovery water pump 1-12. After the regenerated extraction steam has completed heating in the reboiler 2-4, it is pumped back to the deaerator 1-2 by the recovery water pump 1-12, mixed with the preheated boiler feed water, and then fed into the high-pressure heater 1-10.

[0032] In addition to regenerative steam extraction, additional steam can be extracted from the intermediate pressure cylinder 1-8 to drive the second auxiliary steam turbine 1-13 to generate electricity. The two auxiliary steam turbines have smaller power than the main steam turbine, and the efficiency of steam extraction in the auxiliary steam turbine to generate electricity is higher than that in the main steam turbine.

[0033] The carbon capture system includes an absorption tower 2-2. The flue gas generated in the boiler 1-4 is first subjected to desulfurization, denitrification, dust removal and pretreatment before being input into the absorption tower 2-2 to absorb and capture the carbon dioxide therein. The absorption tower 2-2 adopts interstage cooling and adds an interstage cooler 2-5, which is responsible for extracting the solution from a certain position of the absorption tower 2-2 and cooling it, and then inputting it into the adjacent position of the absorption tower 2-2. The cooling temperature set by the interstage cooler 2-5 is 30°C, which can be adjusted according to the actual cold source of the power plant, but cannot be higher than the original operating temperature of the absorption tower 2-2; the intermediate cooling process of the absorption tower 2-2 can improve the absorption performance of the absorption tower 2-2 by smoothing the temperature distribution of the absorption tower 2-2, so that the absorbent absorbs more carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the rich liquid carbon dioxide load leaving the absorption tower 2-2, and the rich liquid with a higher carbon dioxide load will require lower energy during the regeneration process, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing regeneration energy consumption.

[0034] The absorbent in the absorption tower 2-2 is pumped out by the rich liquid pump 2-6 and divided into two streams by the splitter 2-7 and respectively input into the top and middle of the analytical tower 2-1. The split stream at the bottom is preheated by the lean and rich liquid heat exchanger 2-8 before being input into the middle of the analytical tower 2-1. The absorbent after being analyzed by the analytical tower 2-1 flows into the analytical flash tank 2-9 for decompression treatment to generate steam. The steam is pressurized by the analytical compressor 2-10 and then input back to the analytical tower 2-1. The absorbent at the bottom of the analytical flash tank 2-9 flows into the lean and rich liquid heat exchanger 2-8 for decompression treatment to generate steam. After the liquid heat exchanger 2-8 provides heat, it is input into the lean liquid cooler 2-11 to be cooled to the required temperature and then input back to the absorption tower 2-2 for recycling. The absorbent will be lost in each cycle. In order to compensate for the loss, a mixer 2-3 can be set to input the supplementary absorbent and the absorbent output from the lean liquid cooler 2-11 and then input them together into the absorption tower 2-2; the carbon dioxide gas separated from the analysis tower 2-1 is input from the top into the condenser 2-12 for cooling and then input into the compression system.

[0035] In the entire carbon capture system, the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2-8, the lean liquid cooler 2-11 and the condenser 2-12 are all heat exchangers, and the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2-8 supplies the heat of the analyzed absorbent to the absorbent just output from the absorption tower 2-2 and then inputs it into the analysis tower 2-1, and can no longer output excess heat to the outside. Although the lean liquid cooler 2-11 can output heat to the outside, the absorbent input therein is successively depressurized and cooled by the analysis flash tank 2-9 and heat exchanged and cooled by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2-8, and the temperature is already low, so the thermal energy that the lean liquid cooler 2-11 can output is of low quality and cannot provide heat for the preheating device 1-3. Only the condenser 2-12 can output high-quality thermal energy to cool the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide mixed steam, so the condenser 2-12 is only connected to one preheating device 1-3 to provide heat for it.

[0036] The compression system includes a multi-stage compression module, and each stage of the compression module includes a carbon dioxide compressor 3-1, a carbon dioxide cooler 3-2 and a carbon dioxide flash tank 3-3 connected in sequence. The carbon dioxide compressor 3-1 is used to compress the CO2 stream, the carbon dioxide cooler 3-2 is used to cool the compressed CO2 stream, and the carbon dioxide flash tank 3-3 is used to reduce the pressure of the cooled CO2 stream to achieve gas-liquid separation and separate the moisture in the mixed CO2 stream. The output port of the carbon dioxide flash tank 3-3 can be directly connected to the outside world or to a liquid storage tank. In this embodiment, the compression system is provided with a total of five compression modules connected in sequence, but the last stage of the compression module replaces the carbon dioxide flash tank 3-3 with a carbon dioxide pump 3-4 for inputting the carbon dioxide compressed into liquid into a storage device. The compression system and the subsequent device for further processing of the carbon dioxide constitute a storage system. The device for further processing of the carbon dioxide is irrelevant to the present invention and is therefore not described.

[0037] The carbon dioxide cooler 3-2 in the compression system acts as a heat exchanger and needs to cool the high-temperature and high-pressure CO2 stream to output high-quality thermal energy. The output pipelines of multiple carbon dioxide coolers 3-2 are integrated into one output pipeline and connected to a preheating device 1-3 for heat supply.

[0038] The heat exchangers of the carbon capture system and the compression system are respectively connected to different preheating devices 1-3, and are divided into the following four connection modes according to the heat that the two systems can provide.

[0039] Mode 1: If Figure 1 As shown, the heat exchangers of the carbon capture system and the compression system can both provide sufficient heat, and the heat provided by the carbon capture system is higher, so the preheating device 1-3 connected to the heat exchanger of the carbon capture system is closer to the deaerator 1-2 than the preheating device 1-3 connected to the heat exchanger of the compression system.

[0040] Mode 2: If Figure 2 As shown, the heat exchangers of the carbon capture system and the compression system can both provide sufficient heat, and the heat provided by the compression system is higher, so the preheating device 1-3 connected to the heat exchanger of the compression system is closer to the deaerator 1-2 than the preheating device 1-3 connected to the heat exchanger of the carbon capture system.

[0041] Mode 3: Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchangers of the carbon capture system and the compression system can both provide sufficient heat, and the heat provided by the two systems is equivalent, so the preheating devices 1-3 connected to the two heat exchangers are connected in parallel as a whole and in series with the preheating devices 1-3 at both ends.

[0042] Mode 4: Figure 4As shown, if the heat exchangers of the carbon capture system and the compression system cannot provide sufficient heat, the positional relationship of the preheating devices 1-3 connected to the heat exchangers of the two systems can be set arbitrarily, and can be any of the first three modes; but in this mode, the standby heating device 1-5 needs to be connected to the circulation pipeline of the boiler feed water, that is, the boiler feed water needs to flow through the standby heating device 1-5 before flowing into the terminal preheating device 1-3, and cannot flow directly into the terminal preheating device 1-3, while in the other three modes, both ends of the standby heating device 1-5 are closed, and the boiler feed water flows directly into the terminal preheating device 1-3.

Claims

1. A coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage, comprising a power generation system, a carbon capture system and a compression system, characterized in that: A plurality of preheating devices (1-3) for heating boiler feed water are arranged between the condenser (1-1) and the deaerator (1-2) of the power generation system, and some of the preheating devices (1-3) are heated by heat exchangers in the carbon capture system and the compression system that can output a temperature not less than the required temperature; the desorption tower (2-1) of the carbon capture system is heated by the extraction steam of the power generation system, and the extraction steam after heating flows back to the deaerator (1-2) of the power generation system to be mixed with the boiler feed water.

2. The coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchangers of the carbon capture system and the compression system respectively provide heat for different preheating devices (1-3).

3. The coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The higher the output temperature of the heat exchangers in the carbon capture system and the compression system, the closer the connected preheating device (1-3) is to the deaerator (1-2).

4. The coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The output pipelines of all heat exchangers in the compression system are integrated into one output pipeline connected to a preheating device (1-3).

5. The coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the temperature difference between the heat exchangers output from the carbon capture system and the compression system is within a set range, the preheating devices (1-3) connected to the heat exchangers of the two systems are connected in parallel.

6. The coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of standby heating devices (1-5) are also provided between the condenser (1-1) and the deaerator (1-2). When the carbon capture system and the compression system cannot provide sufficient heat, the boiler feed water flows through the preheating device (1-3) and the standby heating device (1-5) for heating; otherwise, the boiler feed water only flows through the preheating device (1-3) for heating.

7. The coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure of the extracted steam of the power generation system is not less than the saturated steam pressure value corresponding to the required temperature of the analytical tower (2-1).

8. The coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extracted steam of the power generation system is first input into the first steam turbine (1-6) to drive the first steam turbine (1-6) to generate electricity before supplying heat to the analytical tower (2-1).

9. The coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage according to claim 8, characterized in that: The extracted steam flows out of the first auxiliary steam turbine (1-6) to supply heat to a preheating device (1-3) having a required temperature that matches the preheating device, and is then input into the analysis tower (2-1) to supply heat.

10. The coal-fired thermal power system with integrated carbon capture and storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon capture system comprises an absorption tower (2-2) for absorbing carbon dioxide in flue gas generated by a power generation system. The absorbent output from the absorption tower (2-2) is split and then input into an analysis tower (2-1) at upper and lower positions respectively. The lower absorbent is preheated by the analyzed absorbent output from the analysis tower (2-1) and then input into the analysis tower (2-1).

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