Aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure heat insulation and sound insulation material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure heat insulation and sound insulation material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure heat insulation and sound insulation material comprises a polycarbonate plate and an aerogel heat insulation layer arranged on the surface of the polycarbonate plate. A plurality of cavity structures are arranged between two cover plates of the polycarbonate plate, and aerogel particles are filled in the cavity structures; the edge of the polycarbonate plate is sealed by a sealant mixture containing aerogel particles; the aerogel heat insulation layer is composed of an aerogel matrix and a fiber reinforcement body, and the aerogel matrix accounts for 10-40 wt% of the total mass of the aerogel heat insulation layer; the thermal conductivity of the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure heat insulation and sound insulation material at room temperature is not greater than 0.032 W / (m.k). Compared with the prior art, the heat insulation performance and the sound insulation performance of the polycarbonate plate are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of polycarbonate sunlight panels, and in particular relates to an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure heat-insulating and sound-insulating material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polycarbonate sun panels (PC sun panels), also known as polycarbonate hollow panels, are transparent reinforced hollow panels made of polycarbonate plastic resin and processing aids through hot extrusion. They are energy-saving and environmentally friendly roofing materials with excellent comprehensive performance. Because polycarbonate sun panels have the characteristics of high transparency, heat insulation, sound insulation, light weight, waterproof, flame retardant, and anti-aging, they are often used in agricultural breeding, building lighting, sound insulation barriers, transportation, public facilities, advertising decoration and other fields.

[0003] However, the thermal conductivity of the existing polycarbonate sunlight board at room temperature is about 0.07W / (m·k), and its thermal insulation performance still has a large room for improvement. CN110576667A discloses a multi-layer hollow light-transmitting board, in which a heat-insulating layer and a sound-insulating layer are separately arranged between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate of polycarbonate to achieve its heat-insulating and sound-insulating effects. CN216330647U discloses a hollow board with good heat-insulating and sound-insulating effects, but the hollow board can only achieve its heat-insulating and sound-insulating effects through a complex design of a multi-layer structure including a substrate, a heat-insulating layer, a sound-absorbing layer, a sound-insulating layer, a protective layer, a pearl cotton layer, a polyurethane layer, a high-temperature resistant layer, a flame-retardant layer, a fireproof layer, and a non-stick coating. The structures of the above-mentioned hollow boards are all very complicated, and the introduction of a single function is achieved by stacking a multi-layer laminar structure. It is impossible to make targeted improvements using the original structure of the polycarbonate board, which invisibly increases the difficulty of production and manufacturing.

[0004] Therefore, in order to further improve the thermal insulation performance of polycarbonate panels, a new type of polycarbonate composite material with a simple structure is still to be developed to greatly improve the thermal insulation performance of polycarbonate solar panels. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material and a preparation method and application thereof in order to further improve the thermal insulation performance of the polycarbonate solar panel.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention first provides an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure heat and sound insulation material, which comprises a polycarbonate board and an aerogel heat insulation layer arranged on the surface of the polycarbonate board;

[0008] A plurality of cavity structures are provided between the two cover plates of the polycarbonate plate, and the cavity structures are filled with aerogel particles; the edges of the polycarbonate plate are sealed by a sealant mixture containing aerogel particles;

[0009] The aerogel thermal insulation layer is composed of an aerogel matrix and a fiber reinforcement, wherein the aerogel matrix accounts for 10-40wt% of the total mass of the aerogel thermal insulation layer;

[0010] The thermal conductivity of the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure heat and sound insulation material at room temperature is not greater than 0.032 W / (m·k), and the sound insulation volume is not less than 25 dB.

[0011] Furthermore, the cavity structure is a quadrilateral cavity or a hexagonal honeycomb cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the particle size of the aerogel particles is 30-120 nm. Nano-aerogel particles with smaller particle sizes can more effectively restrict the movement of air molecules, reduce heat conduction, and thus improve thermal insulation performance; in addition, nano-aerogel particles can more effectively absorb and scatter sound waves, enhancing the sound insulation effect.

[0013] Furthermore, the filling rate of the aerogel particles in the cavity structure is not less than 90%, preferably not less than 95%, to ensure effective filling.

[0014] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the aerogel particles to the polycarbonate plate is 1:(4-6), preferably 1:(4.5-5.5).

[0015] Furthermore, the sealant mixture comprises a sealant colloid and aerogel particles dispersed in the sealant colloid, and the mass ratio of the aerogel particles to the sealant is 1:(8-20), preferably 1:(10-15).

[0016] Furthermore, the aerogel components in the aerogel particles and the aerogel matrix are independently selected from silica aerogel, organosilicon aerogel, alumina aerogel, carbon aerogel, iron oxide aerogel or zirconium oxide aerogel.

[0017] Furthermore, the fiber reinforcement in the aerogel insulation layer includes one of quartz fiber, basalt fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, high silica fiber, alumina fiber, zirconia fiber, mullite fiber, aramid fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber or polypropylene fiber, or a blend of multiple fibers.

[0018] Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel insulation layer at room temperature is not greater than 0.02 W / (m·k).

[0019] Furthermore, the thickness of the polycarbonate plate is 10-20 mm, for example, the thickness can be 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 mm according to demand.

[0020] Furthermore, the thickness of the aerogel insulation layer is 4-10 mm, for example, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 mm can be selected according to demand.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for preparing an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1: prepare aerogel particles and aerogel insulation layer respectively;

[0023] S2: filling the aerogel particles into the cavity structure of the polycarbonate plate and sealing the edge of the polycarbonate plate;

[0024] S3: Adhere the aerogel insulation layer to the surface of the polycarbonate plate to obtain the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure heat and sound insulation material.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S1, the preparation method of the aerogel particles is: preparing an aerogel precursor solution, pouring it into a dipping mold for gel reaction; after the gel is completed, aging and hydrophobic modification of the wet gel; after the aging is completed, supercritical drying of the wet gel with carbon dioxide, and grinding it into aerogel particles after drying.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S1, the preparation method of the aerogel insulation layer is: prepare an aerogel precursor solution, pour it into a pre-laid fiber reinforcement impregnation mold to carry out a gel reaction; after the gel is completed, place the wet gel in an immersion kettle for aging; after the aging is completed, the wet gel is sequentially subjected to carbon dioxide supercritical drying, high temperature treatment and surface hydrophobic modification treatment to finally obtain the aerogel insulation layer.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S3, the aerogel insulation layer is adhered to the surface of the polycarbonate plate by a polyurethane adhesive.

[0028] The present invention also provides an application of an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material in the fields of agricultural breeding, architectural design, transportation, public facilities, etc. that require thermal insulation, such as sun rooms, airports, railway station terminals, gymnasiums, etc.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The present invention fills aerogel particles into the cavity structure of an engineering plastic polycarbonate board, adheres an aerogel insulation layer to the outer surface thereof, and uses a sealant mixture containing aerogel particles to seal the edges, thereby finally obtaining an insulating modified engineering plastic board with significantly improved thermal insulation performance. The thermal conductivity of the polycarbonate board can finally be reduced from 0.70 W / (m·K) to below 0.3 W / (m·K).

[0031] (2) The present invention makes full use of the hollow structure of the polycarbonate board and can fill the inside of the polycarbonate board with aerogel nanoparticles without changing the structure of the polycarbonate board itself. Aerogel nanoparticles have excellent thermal insulation performance, and their unique structure can not only prevent heat conduction and heat convection, but also effectively prevent heat radiation, and have a unique infrared suppression function.

[0032] (3) The aerogel nanoparticles and aerogel insulation layer of the present invention have low density and high porosity, and the nanoscale pore structure inside them can effectively absorb and scatter sound waves, reducing the reflection and propagation of sound waves. This microstructure allows sound waves to be reflected multiple times inside and gradually attenuated, thereby achieving a good sound insulation effect. The sound insulation of the polycarbonate board can be increased from the original 20dB to 30dB, and the sound insulation performance is greatly improved.

[0033] (4) The aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material of the present invention can select polycarbonate plates of different thicknesses according to actual use requirements, prepare aerogel insulation layers of different thicknesses and component ratios, and fill aerogel particles with different filling rates, thereby achieving flexible adjustment of different material parameters.

[0034] (5) The aerogel insulation layer of the present invention has a low density and a light weight, and will not increase the structural burden of the polycarbonate board itself. The mechanical properties of the sandwich structure of the polycarbonate board are also more stable and not easy to bend and damage. Moreover, the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation materials of the present invention are all prepared using environmentally friendly materials.

[0035] (6) The aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material of the present invention can meet certain light transmission, thermal insulation and other requirements, and can also meet privacy requirements such as sound insulation, and can be applied to many fields such as agricultural breeding, architectural design, transportation, public facilities, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal and sound insulation material using a quadrilateral cavity structure according to the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3This is a schematic structural diagram of an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal and sound insulation material of the present invention that adopts a hexagonal honeycomb cavity structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods, instruments and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods, instruments and equipment in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0041] The aerogel particles in the following examples and comparative examples can be prepared according to the following preparation method: anhydrous ethanol, tetraethyl orthosilicate, water, and anhydrous oxalic acid are mixed in a mass ratio of (1-3)×101:(1-2)×100:(5-20)×100:(1-4)×10 -3 Add the following into the container in sequence and mix well. Let it stand for 20 hours to obtain solution A. Add anhydrous ethanol and ammonia water at a ratio of (1-5)×101:(1-4)×10 -2 Add the mixture in the container in the same proportion and mix well to obtain solution B. Mix solutions A and B evenly and slowly pour them into a 30cm×30cm×1cm grid-shaped mold for gel reaction. After gelation is completed, place the wet gel in a soaking tank for aging. During the wet gel aging process, hexamethyldisilazane is added at a rate of (2-6)×10 -1 The mass ratio of 200 g / cm2 was added to the soaking tank for hydrophobic modification, and the aging process lasted for 24-48 hours. After the aging was completed, the wet gel was dried by a carbon dioxide supercritical drying device (drying temperature 50-55°C, pressure 11-15MPa) to obtain a block aerogel, and the block aerogel was finally ground into powdered aerogel by a pulverizer.

[0042] Embodiment 1:

[0043] This embodiment provides an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a polycarbonate plate and an aerogel insulation layer arranged on the surface of the polycarbonate plate. The thickness of the polycarbonate plate (purchased from Shanghai Huili) is 16 mm, and the thickness of the aerogel insulation layer is 5 mm.

[0044] like Figure 2As shown, a plurality of quadrilateral long strip cavity structures are provided between the two cover plates of the polycarbonate plate of this embodiment, and the cavity structures are filled with aerogel particles. The filling rate of aerogel particles in the cavity structure (and the ratio of the filling volume of aerogel particles to the volume of the cavity structure) is about 95%, and the particle size of the aerogel particles is about 50nm. The mass ratio of aerogel particles to polycarbonate plates is 1:5.3.

[0045] The edge of the polycarbonate plate of this embodiment is sealed by a sealant mixture containing aerogel particles. The sealant mixture is composed of JN-2 flame retardant white glue and aerogel particles dispersed in the flame retardant white glue, and the mass ratio of aerogel particles to sealant is 1:11.

[0046] The aerogel thermal insulation layer of this embodiment is composed of an aerogel matrix and a fiber reinforcement, wherein the aerogel matrix accounts for 20wt% of the total mass of the aerogel thermal insulation layer, and the average fiber diameter of the fiber reinforcement is in the range of 1-5.5μm.

[0047] The preparation method of the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material of this embodiment is:

[0048] (1) Preparation of aerogel particles:

[0049] Weigh 202g of anhydrous ethanol, 150g of ethyl orthosilicate, 150g of water, and 0.002g of anhydrous oxalic acid, add them to the container in turn and mix them evenly, let them stand for 20 hours to obtain solution A. Weigh 202g of anhydrous ethanol and 0.002g of ammonia water, add them to the container in turn and mix them evenly to obtain solution B. Mix solutions A and B evenly and slowly pour them into a 30cm×30cm×1cm grid-shaped mold for gel reaction. After the gel is completed, place the wet gel in an immersion tank for aging. During the aging process of the wet gel, weigh 0.4g of hexamethyldisilazane and add it to the immersion tank for hydrophobic modification. The aging process lasts for 48 hours. After aging, the wet gel is dried by a carbon dioxide supercritical drying device (drying parameters 50-55°C, 11-15MPa) to obtain a block aerogel, which is finally ground into a powdered aerogel by a pulverizer.

[0050] (2) Preparation of aerogel insulation layer:

[0051] Weigh 25wt% silica gel solution, 1mol / L hydrochloric acid and 4mol / L ammonium fluoride, and mix the three in a weight ratio of 100:3:3 as an aerogel precursor solution; pour the aerogel precursor solution into the pre-laid fiber felt dipped mold, exhaust and let stand at room temperature for 48h. Then put the quartz fiber felt soaked with aerogel liquid into an aging kettle for 48h. After taking out and drying, immerse it in anhydrous ethanol again for 48h, and then place it in a drying kettle for CO2 supercritical drying. The dried aerogel insulation layer is subjected to high-temperature treatment in a muffle furnace at 600℃ for 1h, and then placed in a vacuum tank and subjected to surface hydrophobic treatment using trimethylmethoxysilane to obtain the final aerogel insulation layer. The thermal conductivity of the aerogel insulation layer of this embodiment at room temperature 23℃ is 0.018W / (m·k).

[0052] (3) Use a powder filling machine or manual powder filling to melt the prepared aerogel particles into the cavity structure inside the polycarbonate board, and use a sealant mixture composed of JN-2 flame retardant white glue and aerogel particles to seal the pores of the polycarbonate board to isolate the external high temperature. Then use PU-50 polyurethane glue to adhere the aerogel insulation layer to one side of the polycarbonate board to obtain the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material.

[0053] Embodiment 2:

[0054] This embodiment provides an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material, and the preparation method is referred to Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that Figure 3 As shown, the cavity structure between the two cover plates of the polycarbonate plate of this embodiment is a hexagonal honeycomb.

[0055] Embodiment 3:

[0056] This embodiment provides an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material, and the preparation method is referred to Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that in the aerogel insulation layer of this embodiment, the aerogel matrix accounts for 10wt% of the total mass of the aerogel insulation layer.

[0057] Embodiment 4:

[0058] This embodiment provides an aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material, and the preparation method is referred to Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that in the aerogel insulation layer of this embodiment, the aerogel matrix accounts for 40wt% of the total mass of the aerogel insulation layer.

[0059] Comparative Example 1:

[0060] This comparative example is a pure polycarbonate plate with a thickness of 16 mm.

[0061] Comparative Example 2:

[0062] This comparative example is a polycarbonate plate with only an aerogel insulation layer adhered thereto, and the overall thickness is 21 mm.

[0063] Comparative Example 3:

[0064] This comparative example is a polycarbonate plate filled with aerogel nanoparticles only, with a thickness of 16 mm.

[0065] The present invention tests the thermal insulation performance and sound insulation performance of the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples. The thermal conductivity is measured according to GB / T10295 standard; the sound insulation performance is measured according to GB / T 19889.3-2005. The test results of the thermal insulation performance and sound insulation performance are shown in Table 1.

[0066] Table 1 Test results of thermal insulation and sound insulation performance

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] It can be seen from the above table that the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material prepared by composite polycarbonate, aerogel thermal insulation layer and aerogel particles of the present invention has excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation properties.

[0070] It can be specifically seen from Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 that in the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material of the present invention, the thermal insulation performance of the polycarbonate cavity structure is significantly improved regardless of whether it adopts a quadrilateral cavity or a hexagonal honeycomb cavity, indicating that the multi-structure thermal insulation material of the present invention can be applied to various polycarbonate boards with different hollow structures.

[0071] It can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 that simply filling aerogel particles or adhering an aerogel insulation layer on the surface of polycarbonate can only reduce the thermal conductivity to a certain extent. However, under the synergistic effect of filling aerogel particles, adhering an aerogel insulation layer, and using a mixture of aerogel particles to seal the edges, the external high temperature can be blocked multiple times, and the thermal conductivity of the polycarbonate board can eventually be reduced from 0.70W / (m·K) to below 0.3W / (m·K), and the thermal insulation performance is greatly improved.

[0072] In addition, the aerogel particle filling and aerogel insulation layer in the polycarbonate board can further improve the sound insulation performance of the polycarbonate board. The sound insulation performance of the polycarbonate board can be increased from the original 20dB to as high as 30dB, and the sound insulation performance has been significantly improved.

[0073] In summary, the present invention fills aerogel particles into the cavity structure of the engineering plastic polycarbonate board, adheres an aerogel insulation layer to its outer surface, and uses a sealant mixture containing aerogel particles to seal the edges, thereby finally obtaining an insulation modified engineering plastic board with significantly improved thermal insulation and sound insulation performance. The aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure insulation and sound insulation material prepared by the present invention also has certain light transmittance and good mechanical properties, and can meet the use requirements in agricultural breeding, architectural design, transportation, public facilities, etc. that require insulation and sound insulation.

[0074] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material, characterized in that: It comprises a polycarbonate plate and an aerogel heat insulation layer arranged on the surface of the polycarbonate plate; A plurality of cavity structures are provided between the two cover plates of the polycarbonate plate, and the cavity structures are filled with aerogel particles; the edges of the polycarbonate plate are sealed by a sealant mixture containing aerogel particles; The aerogel thermal insulation layer is composed of an aerogel matrix and a fiber reinforcement, wherein the aerogel matrix accounts for 10-40wt% of the total mass of the aerogel thermal insulation layer; The thermal conductivity of the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure heat and sound insulation material at room temperature is not greater than 0.032 W / (m·k), and the sound insulation volume is not less than 25 dB.

2. The aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity structure is a quadrilateral cavity or a hexagonal honeycomb cavity.

3. The aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the aerogel particles is 30-120 nm, and the filling rate of the aerogel particles in the cavity structure is not less than 90%; The mass ratio of the aerogel particles to the polycarbonate plate is 1:(4-6).

4. The aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealant mixture comprises a sealant colloid and aerogel particles dispersed in the sealant colloid, and the mass ratio of the aerogel particles to the sealant is 1:(8-20).

5. The aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerogel components in the aerogel particles and the aerogel matrix are independently selected from silica aerogel, organosilicon aerogel, alumina aerogel, carbon aerogel, iron oxide aerogel or zirconium oxide aerogel; The fiber reinforcement in the aerogel insulation layer includes one of quartz fiber, basalt fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, high silica fiber, alumina fiber, zirconia fiber, mullite fiber, aramid fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber or polypropylene fiber, or a mixture of multiple fibers.

6. The aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the polycarbonate plate is 10-20 mm, and the thickness of the aerogel heat insulation layer is 4-10 mm.

7. A method for preparing the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: prepare aerogel particles and aerogel insulation layer respectively; S2: filling the aerogel particles into the cavity structure of the polycarbonate plate and sealing the edge of the polycarbonate plate; S3: Adhere the aerogel heat insulation layer to the surface of the polycarbonate plate to obtain the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure heat insulation and sound insulation material.

8. The method for preparing the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, the aerogel particles are prepared by: Prepare an aerogel precursor solution and pour it into a dipping mold to perform a gel reaction; After gelation is completed, the wet gel is subjected to aging and hydrophobic modification treatments; After aging, the wet gel is dried by supercritical carbon dioxide and then ground into aerogel particles.

9. The method for preparing the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S1, the preparation method of the aerogel thermal insulation layer is: Prepare an aerogel precursor solution and pour it into a pre-laid fiber reinforcement impregnation mold to perform a gel reaction; After gelation is completed, the wet gel is placed in an immersion kettle for aging; After aging is completed, the wet gel is sequentially subjected to carbon dioxide supercritical drying, high temperature treatment and surface hydrophobic modification treatment to finally obtain the aerogel thermal insulation layer.

10. Use of the aerogel polycarbonate multi-structure thermal insulation and sound insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the fields of agricultural breeding, architectural design, transportation, public facilities, etc. that require thermal insulation.

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