Special-shaped curved-surface refractory brick, carbonization furnace and refractory brick manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a special-shaped curved-surface refractory brick, a carbonization furnace and a refractory brick manufacturing method, and relates to the technical field of preparation of refractory bricks in the carbonization furnace, the special-shaped curved-surface refractory brick comprises a refractory brick body, the refractory brick body is provided with a coke pushing surface used for guiding coal to move out of the carbonization furnace, and the coke pushing surface is a partial structure of a brachiest-drop curved surface; the starting point of the coke pushing surface coincides with the highest point of the brachistost curved surface, and the included angle between the tangential direction of the starting point of the coke pushing surface and the highest point of the brachistost curved surface and the horizontal direction is 90 degrees; the end point of the coke pushing surface is positioned above the lowest point of the brachistost descent curved surface, and the included angle between the tangential direction of the end point of the coke pushing surface and the horizontal direction is 20-40 degrees, so that the problem of slow speed reduction of coal at the bottom of the carbonization furnace is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of preparing refractory bricks inside a carbonizing furnace, and in particular to a special-shaped curved surface refractory brick, a carbonizing furnace and a method for preparing the refractory bricks. Background Art

[0002] In the field of coal pyrolysis technology, refractory bricks are a commonly used building material for carbonization furnace lining. Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the commonly used refractory bricks are rectangular and trapezoidal slope structures. After the splicing is completed, the upper lining surface of the carbonization furnace is a vertical surface, and the bottom lining surface is a conventional inclined surface. In actual applications, the coal material slows down at the bottom of the carbonization furnace, resulting in serious coking of the coal material during the coking process, and the coal material at the bottom of the carbonization furnace is easily adhered to the refractory bricks, resulting in poor coking; the coking speed of the coal material at the bottom of the carbonization furnace is slow, and the production efficiency is reduced. Therefore, in view of this problem, it is very necessary to propose to optimize the refractory brick structure of the lining of the bottom feed port of the carbonization furnace to accelerate the deceleration of the coal material to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special-shaped curved refractory brick, a carbonization furnace and a method for manufacturing the refractory brick, so as to solve the problem of slow coal drop speed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a special-shaped curved surface refractory brick, comprising a refractory brick body, the refractory brick body is provided with a coke pushing surface for guiding coal to move out of a carbonization furnace, the coke pushing surface is a partial structure of a most rapid descent curved surface;

[0005] The starting point of the focus-pushing plane coincides with the highest point of the steepest descent surface, and the angle between the tangent direction of the starting point of the focus-pushing plane and the highest point of the steepest descent surface and the horizontal direction is 90°;

[0006] The end point of the focus-pushing plane is located above the lowest point of the steepest descent surface, and the angle between the tangent direction of the end point of the focus-pushing plane and the horizontal direction is 20° to 40°.

[0007] Preferably, the angle between the tangent direction of the end point of the focus-pushing plane and the horizontal direction is 30°.

[0008] Preferably, the starting point of the focus pushing surface is flush with the top of the refractory brick body, and the end point of the focus pushing surface is arranged at a position above the bottom of the refractory brick body.

[0009] Preferably, the refractory brick body is a straight-edge refractory brick body and is arranged at a horizontal straight-edge position at the bottom of the carbonization furnace, and the coking surface is opened at a top edge position of the refractory brick body on a side away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace.

[0010] Preferably, the refractory brick body is a corner refractory brick body and is arranged at the corner of the bottom of the carbonization furnace, and the coke-pushing surface is opened at the top corner position of the refractory brick body on the side away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace.

[0011] Preferably, the refractory brick body is provided with a connection surface for connecting with an adjacent refractory brick body, the connection surface is located on the outer peripheral side of the focus pushing surface, and a positioning structure is provided between the connection surfaces of two adjacent refractory brick bodies.

[0012] Preferably, the positioning structure is a protrusion protruding from the connecting surface or a groove provided on the connecting surface, and the structure of the protrusion matches the structure of the groove.

[0013] Preferably, the refractory brick body is provided with the connecting surfaces on both sides along the circumference of the carbonization furnace, and the protrusions or grooves on the connecting surfaces extend in the vertical direction and match the height of the refractory brick body.

[0014] A carbonization furnace is also provided, comprising a carbonization furnace body and a discharge port provided at the bottom of the carbonization furnace body;

[0015] The inner lining bottom of the carbonization furnace body is covered with special-shaped curved refractory bricks, and the special-shaped curved refractory bricks are connected in sequence along the circumference of the carbonization furnace body and surround the outer circumference of the discharge port;

[0016] The rest of the inner lining of the carbonization furnace body is covered with vertical refractory bricks, and a vertically extending working surface is provided on one side of the vertical refractory brick close to the center of the carbonization furnace body. The starting point of the focus pushing surface on the special-shaped curved refractory brick is smoothly connected to the bottom edge of the working surface on the adjacent vertical refractory brick.

[0017] A method for making refractory bricks is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. Prepare a mold for making special-shaped curved refractory bricks: prepare a CNC machine tool and a mold blank, and combine mathematical modeling, CNC programming and machine tool processing technology to process the mold blank into a required mold structure;

[0019] S2. Preparation of refractory bricks: preparing refractory brick raw materials, and loading the refractory brick raw materials into the mold structure, demoulding after pressure molding, and obtaining the required special-shaped curved refractory bricks after drying and firing.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0021] The present invention provides a coke pushing surface with a partial structure of the fastest falling curved surface on the refractory brick body, so that the coal can move along the coke pushing surface when it is moved out of the carbonization furnace, thereby accelerating the coal reduction rate and improving the coke removal speed. Compared with traditional refractory bricks, the special-shaped curved surface refractory bricks disclosed in the present invention can effectively avoid the accumulated temperature and blocked channels caused by the poor coke discharge at the bottom of the carbonization furnace, effectively prevent safety accidents caused by furnace blocking, and improve the production efficiency of the carbonization furnace. In addition, the coke pushing surface provided on the refractory brick body is a curved surface structure, which is convenient for construction personnel to lay, saving construction time and labor costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a refractory brick structure with a trapezoidal slope structure in the prior art;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure in the prior art;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the refractory brick body at the straight edge in one embodiment disclosed in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the refractory bricks at the corner in one embodiment disclosed in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a carbonization furnace in an embodiment disclosed in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the refractory bricks on the straight edge in one embodiment disclosed in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the refractory brick structure at the corner in one embodiment disclosed in the present invention;

[0030] Among them, 1-vertical refractory bricks at the straight edge, 2-grooves, 3-protrusions, 4-vertical refractory bricks at the corners, 5-carbonization furnace body, 6-refractory brick body at the straight edge, 7-refractory brick body at the corners, 8-pushing coking surface, 9-working surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special-shaped curved refractory brick, a carbonization furnace and a method for manufacturing the refractory brick, so as to solve the problem of slow coal drop speed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace.

[0033] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] like Figures 3 to 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a special-shaped curved refractory brick, including a refractory brick body, on which is provided a coking surface 8 for guiding coal to move out of the carbonization furnace 5, the coking surface 8 being a partial structure of a fastest descent surface; the starting point of the coking surface 8 coincides with the highest point of the fastest descent surface, and the angle between the tangent direction of the starting point of the coking surface 8 and the highest point of the fastest descent surface and the horizontal direction is 90°, so as to smoothly receive the coal moving from top to bottom; the end point of the coking surface 8 is located above the lowest point of the fastest descent surface, and the angle between the tangent direction of the end point of the coking surface 8 and the horizontal direction is 20° to 40°, and preferably, the angle between the tangent direction of the end point of the coking surface 8 and the horizontal direction is 30°. Among them, by setting the angle between the tangent direction of the end point of the coke pushing surface 8 and the horizontal direction to 20°~40°, the coal passing through the coke pushing surface 8 is gathered, ensuring that the coal leaves the coke pushing surface 8 and falls smoothly through the discharge port to the coke pushing disk at the bottom of the furnace, and ensuring a sufficient gathering distance to prevent the coal from directly falling into the gap between the coke pushing disk and the furnace body, causing material jamming, and causing the coke pushing machine to be unable to operate, and further ensuring that the coal passing the end point of the coke pushing surface 8 is smoothly taken away by the coal flow from top to bottom, avoiding the accumulation of materials at the end point of the coke pushing surface 8. The present invention opens a coke pushing surface 8 with a partial structure of the fastest descent surface on the refractory brick body, so that the coal can move along the coke pushing surface 8 when it moves out of the carbonization furnace 5, thereby accelerating the deceleration of the coal and improving the coke removal speed. Compared with traditional refractory bricks, the special-shaped curved refractory bricks disclosed in the present invention can effectively avoid the accumulated temperature and blocked channels caused by the poor coke discharge at the bottom of the carbonization furnace 5, effectively prevent the production safety accidents caused by the furnace blocking, and improve the production efficiency of the carbonization furnace 5. In addition, the coke pushing surface 8 opened on the refractory brick body is a curved structure, which is convenient for construction workers to lay, saving construction time and labor costs.

[0035] It should be noted that the brachistocentric surface is composed of countless brachistocentric lines. The brachistocentric line is a curve connecting two points that are not on the same plumb line, so that under the action of gravity, the time required for a particle to slide from the starting point to the end point along the curve without friction is the shortest. This curve is mathematically called a cycloid (or cycloid), and its parametric equation is: x = R (θ-sinθ), y = R (1-cosθ), where R is the radius of the circle that generates the cycloid, and θ is the rolling angle parameter.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, the starting point of the focus pushing surface 8 is flush with the top of the refractory brick body. Then, when the subsequent special-shaped curved refractory bricks are spliced ​​with the conventional refractory bricks above them, the starting point of the focus pushing surface 8 can be directly connected with the working surface 9 of the conventional refractory bricks to avoid a gap between the starting point of the focus pushing surface 8 and the conventional refractory bricks, which affects the smoothness of the falling of the coal. The end point of the focus pushing surface 8 is spaced above the bottom of the refractory brick body to enhance the thickness at the end point of the focus pushing surface 8, thereby improving its structural strength and avoiding impact on the end point of the focus pushing surface 8 when the coal falls, which can easily cause structural damage.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the refractory brick body is a refractory brick body 6 at a straight edge, and is arranged at a horizontal straight edge position at the bottom of the carbonization furnace 5. The coking surface 8 is opened at the top edge position of the refractory brick body away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace 5. It should be specifically explained that the structure of conventional refractory bricks is generally a cubic structure. The setting of the coking surface 8 of the refractory brick body 6 at the straight edge is actually based on the structure of conventional refractory bricks, and the top edge of the refractory brick body away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace 5 is removed and replaced by The focusing pushing surface 8 is a curved structure, and the focusing pushing surface 8 of the refractory brick body 6 at the straight edge is a partially straight cylindrical structure, and its axis extends in the same direction as the straight edge of the bottom of the carbonization furnace 5. Furthermore, in the focusing pushing surface 8 of the refractory brick body 6 at the straight edge, the top edge of the focusing pushing surface 8 serves as the starting point of the focusing pushing surface 8, and the bottom edge of the focusing pushing surface 8 serves as the end point of the focusing pushing surface 8. The top edge of the focusing pushing surface 8 is parallel to the bottom edge of the focusing pushing surface 8, and both extend in the same direction as the straight edge of the bottom of the carbonization furnace 5, that is, both extend in the horizontal direction.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the refractory brick body is a refractory brick body 7 at a corner, and is arranged at a corner at the bottom of the carbonization furnace 5. The coking surface 8 is opened at the top corner position of the refractory brick body away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace 5. It should be specifically explained that the structure of conventional refractory bricks is generally a cubic structure. The setting of the coking surface 8 of the refractory brick body 7 at the corner is actually based on the structure of conventional refractory bricks, removing the top corner of the refractory brick body away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace 5 and replacing it with a coking surface with a curved structure. 8. The focus pushing surface 8 of the refractory brick body 7 at the corner has a conical curved surface structure. Furthermore, in the focus pushing surface 8 of the refractory brick body 7 at the corner, the top edge of the focus pushing surface 8 serves as the starting point of the focus pushing surface 8, which has an arc-shaped structure and is parallel to the horizontal plane. The bottom of the focus pushing surface 8 is located on the vertically extending edge of the refractory brick body 7 at the corner away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace 5, and has a point-shaped structure and serves as the end point of the focus pushing surface 8. Any fastest descent line on the focus pushing surface 8 connects the bottom of the focus pushing surface 8 with the corresponding point on the top edge of the focus pushing surface 8.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, a connection surface for connecting with an adjacent refractory brick body is provided on the refractory brick body, and the connection surface is located on the outer peripheral side of the coking surface 8. A positioning structure is provided between the connection surfaces of the two adjacent refractory brick bodies. By providing the positioning structure, the mutual positioning between the two adjacent refractory brick bodies can be ensured, and the refractory brick body structure in the carbonization furnace 5 can be ensured to be more stable, so that the refractory brick body is more secure after installation and will not be displaced. In this embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the positioning structure is a protrusion 3 protruding from the connection surface or a groove 2 opened on the connection surface. The structure of the protrusion 3 matches the structure of the groove 2, that is, the protrusion 3 and the groove 2 have the same structure, so that the protrusion 3 can be embedded in the groove 2. Specifically, the connection surface between the two adjacent refractory brick bodies is provided with a protrusion 3 and a groove 2, respectively, so that the two adjacent refractory brick bodies are connected and positioned by the protrusion 3 and the groove 2. Further, as a preference, the refractory brick body is provided with connecting surfaces on both sides along the circumference of the carbonization furnace 5, wherein the protrusions 3 or grooves 2 on the connecting surfaces extend in the vertical direction and match the height of the refractory brick body. For example, between two adjacent connecting surfaces of two refractory brick bodies, one connecting surface is provided with a protrusion 3, which extends in the vertical direction and has the same height as the refractory brick body, and the other connecting surface is provided with a groove 2, which extends in the vertical direction and has the same height as the refractory brick body and passes through the refractory brick body, so that after one refractory brick body is installed, the other refractory brick body can be moved downward in the vertical direction and align the groove 2 and the protrusion 3, so that the groove 2 and the protrusion 3 are plugged together to complete the positioning connection of the two refractory brick bodies.

[0040] Furthermore, a carbonization furnace is provided, which is particularly suitable for pyrolysis of 30mm-50mm seed coal, and comprises a carbonization furnace body 5 and a discharge port opened at the bottom of the carbonization furnace body 5; the inner lining bottom of the carbonization furnace body 5 is covered with special-shaped curved refractory bricks, and each special-shaped curved refractory brick is connected in sequence along the circumference of the carbonization furnace body 5 and surrounds the outer peripheral side of the discharge port; the inner lining of the carbonization furnace body 5 is covered with vertical refractory bricks at other positions, and a vertically extending working surface 9 is provided on one side of the vertical refractory bricks close to the center of the carbonization furnace body 5, and the special-shaped curved refractory bricks are provided with a vertically extending working surface 9. The starting point of the coke pushing surface 8 is smoothly connected to the bottom edge of the working surface 9 on the adjacent vertical refractory bricks. By arranging vertical refractory bricks and special-shaped curved refractory bricks to cover the lining of the carbonization furnace 5, it is mainly used for heat insulation, high temperature resistance and structural protection. The starting point of the coke pushing surface 8 on the special-shaped curved refractory bricks is smoothly connected to the bottom edge of the working surface 9 on the adjacent vertical refractory bricks, ensuring smooth material falling and ensuring that the coal passing through the end point of the coke pushing surface 8 is smoothly carried away by the coal flow from top to bottom, avoiding material accumulation and sticking and blockage at the end point of the coke pushing surface 8.

[0041] It should be noted that the vertical refractory bricks are divided into two categories, so as to be able to dock with the push-focus surface 8 of the refractory brick body 6 at the straight edge and the refractory brick body 7 at the corner, respectively. The vertical refractory bricks are divided into the vertical refractory bricks 1 at the straight edge and the vertical refractory bricks 4 at the corner. The working surface 9 of the vertical refractory bricks 1 at the straight edge is a planar structure, and the corresponding working surface 9 of the vertical refractory bricks 4 at the corner is an arc-shaped surface structure. And the connection surface of the vertical refractory bricks is also provided with positioning structures, such as grooves 2 and protrusions 3.

[0042] Furthermore, a method for manufacturing refractory bricks is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. Prepare the mold for making special-shaped curved refractory bricks: prepare CNC machine tools and mold blanks, and combine mathematical modeling, CNC programming and machine tool processing technology to process the mold blanks into the required mold structure;

[0044] Preferably, the process of preparing the mold includes but is not limited to:

[0045] Mathematical modeling:

[0046] Define the brachistocentric surface equation. The brachistocentric surface is essentially composed of countless brachistocentric lines, and its two-dimensional parametric equation is: x=R(θ-sinθ), y=R(1-cosθ); first determine the parameters, and set the brachistocentric line generation parameter R according to the mold size requirements (such as the mold movement stroke corresponding to the brachistocentric line cycle). You can introduce rotation or translation parameters around the axis to construct the spatial cycloid surface equation. Then perform software fitting: According to the design drawings of the mold, in the CAD software (such as UG NX, CATIA), use the "curve equation input" function to fit the cycloid curve, and then generate a three-dimensional brachistocentric surface model through sweeping, rotation and other operations.

[0047] 3D Modeling:

[0048] Integrate the mold structure, first design the mold as a whole, integrate the fitted fastest descent surface into the main mold design, and combine the mold's entry angle, exit angle, installation groove and other structures (such as the protrusions and grooves marked in the drawings) to ensure that the surface is accurately connected with other parts of the mold. Then perform precision verification, use the software analysis function to check the surface curvature continuity and dimensional tolerance to ensure that it meets the theoretical requirements of the fastest descent surface.

[0049] Tool path planning for CNC machine tools:

[0050] Its core tasks include: 1. Geometric calculation: Calculate the contact point between the tool and the workpiece based on the three-dimensional model of the workpiece. 2. Motion optimization: Optimize the motion trajectory of the tool to minimize the processing time and the tool wear. Among them, the steps of tool path planning are divided into: (1) Geometric modeling; Workpiece model: Establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the workpiece based on the design drawing or CAD model. Tool model: Define the geometric parameters (such as diameter, length, shape) and motion characteristics (such as rotation axis, inclination angle) of the tool. (2) Processing area division: According to the geometric shape of the workpiece and the processing requirements, the processing area is divided into multiple sub-areas (such as planes, surfaces, contours). Each sub-area may require a different tool path strategy. (3) Tool path generation; Roughing path: Quickly remove most of the material, usually using a large cutting amount and low precision path. Finishing path: Accurately process the workpiece surface, usually using a small cutting amount and high precision path. Root cleaning path: Clean up the residual material after roughing, usually using a small diameter tool. (4) Tool posture optimization: In five-axis machining, the tool posture (inclination angle) is crucial to the machining quality. By adjusting the inclination angle of the tool, the collision between the tool and the workpiece is avoided, and the cutting conditions are optimized. (5) Path smoothing and optimization: Smooth the generated tool path to avoid violent movement of the machine tool. Optimize the path length and cutting parameters to reduce processing time. (6) Simulation and verification: Use simulation software (such as VERICUT) to verify the feasibility and safety of the tool path. Check whether there are problems such as collision, overcutting or undercutting. 3. Constraint processing: Consider the motion restrictions of the machine tool (such as axis limits, collision avoidance) and processing requirements (such as surface finish and accuracy). Among them, the tool path generation method is as follows: Tool path generation is the core link of tool path planning, and the adaptive method is selected; the tool path is dynamically adjusted according to the geometric shape and processing requirements of the workpiece. Suitable for complex geometry and high-precision processing. 4. Tool posture control in five-axis machining: In five-axis machining, the posture (inclination angle) of the tool is crucial to the machining quality. The dynamic inclination method and tool axis vector optimization method are selected to achieve tool posture control, including: (1) Dynamic inclination method: Dynamically adjust the inclination angle of the tool according to the geometric shape of the workpiece. Applicable to complex geometries, it can avoid collisions and optimize cutting conditions. (2) Tool axis vector optimization: By optimizing the tool axis vector (Tool Axis Vector), the tool posture is optimized. Common optimization goals include: minimizing the interference between the tool and the workpiece; maximizing cutting efficiency; ensuring surface quality. 5. Tool path planning constraints: In tool path planning, the following constraints need to be considered: (1) Machine tool motion constraints: the axis limit and motion range of the machine tool; the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool (such as acceleration, speed). (2) Tool constraints: the length, diameter and shape of the tool; the stiffness and wear of the tool. (3) Workpiece constraints: the geometric shape and material properties of the workpiece; processing accuracy and surface quality requirements.(4) Collision avoidance: Collision detection between tool and workpiece, fixture or machine tool; avoid collision by adjusting tool path or posture. 6. Software implementation of tool path planning: Tool path planning is usually implemented through CAM software. Among them, commonly used CAM software includes: Mastercam: supports multi-axis machining and complex geometry; PowerMill: focuses on high-speed machining and five-axis machining; UGNX: integrates CAD / CAM functions and supports complex path planning.

[0051] Shaft machining process planning:

[0052] 1. Rough machining: Use a large-diameter rounded corner milling cutter and adopt a five-axis roughing strategy (such as "cycloidal milling") to quickly remove the excess and reduce tool wear. Set a larger cutting depth (such as 2-3mm), a feed speed of 800-1200mm / min, and a spindle speed of 1500-2500r / min. 2. Finishing: Use a medium-precision tool and use "surface streamline milling" to plan the tool path along the cycloidal direction of the fastest descending surface, and reserve 0.2-0.3mm finishing allowance. 3. Root cleaning: Use a high-precision ball-end tool and use five-axis linkage "projection milling" to dynamically adjust the tool axis along the normal direction of the surface to ensure surface accuracy. Cutting parameters: feed speed 500-800mm / min, spindle speed 3000-4000r / min, cutting depth 0.1-0.15mm.

[0053] Five-axis programming and simulation:

[0054] CAM programming: In software such as PowerMill and MasterCAM, import the 3D model, select the five-axis machining strategy, and define the tool path to move along the cycloid trajectory of the fastest descent surface. Interference check: Through the software simulation function, simulate the movement of the tool, fixture and workpiece, eliminate the risk of collision, and optimize the tool path connection. Post-processing: Generate NC code that complies with the five-axis machine tool control system (such as Siemens and Fanuc) to ensure program compatibility.

[0055] Processing and testing:

[0056] First piece trial cutting: Install the mold blank on the five-axis machine tool, calibrate the coordinate system, and perform first piece processing. Accuracy detection: Use a three-coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to scan the processed surface and compare it with the theoretical cycloid data. If the deviation exceeds the tolerance (such as ±0.05mm), correct the program and then process it again. Surface treatment: Polish the processed surface to eliminate tool marks and ensure that the surface finish meets the mold use requirements.

[0057] Through the above process, it can be ensured that the mold production conforms to the initial design and the surface conforms to the theory of the fastest descent surface, and high-precision processing can be achieved with the help of five-axis CNC machine tools.

[0058] S2. Preparation of refractory bricks: prepare refractory brick raw materials, load the refractory brick raw materials into the mold structure, demould after pressure molding, and obtain the required special-shaped curved refractory bricks after drying and firing. This includes but is not limited to:

[0059] Raw materials preparation:

[0060] Material selection: According to the performance requirements of refractory bricks (such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, etc.), select high-alumina bauxite, silica, magnesia, silicon carbide and other raw materials. Crushing and grinding: Crushing and grinding the raw materials to a suitable particle size (usually 0.1-5mm) to improve the formability and sintering performance. Mixing ingredients: Mix the main raw materials, binders (such as clay, phosphate, water glass, etc.) and additives (such as antioxidants, plasticizers, etc.) in proportion, and add water to stir evenly.

[0061] Moulding:

[0062] Loading: Fill the mixture evenly into the mold to avoid segregation. Pressurization: Pressure range: usually 50-150MPa (high alumina bricks, magnesium bricks, etc. require higher pressure). Method: One-way pressing (simple brick type) or two-way pressing (complex brick type, more uniform density). Demolding: After molding, demold through the ejector device to obtain a green brick (unfired brick).

[0063] dry:

[0064] Remove moisture from the green bricks (to prevent cracking during firing). Drying equipment: tunnel dryer, chamber drying furnace. Temperature control: 80-120℃ (ordinary refractory bricks), 150-200℃ (high-density bricks, need to be dried slowly). Time: usually 24-72 hours, depending on the size of the brick and the moisture content.

[0065] Firing (high temperature sintering):

[0066] Densify the bricks, form a stable mineral phase (such as mullite, periclase, etc.), and improve strength and refractoriness. Kiln types: tunnel kiln (continuous production), shuttle kiln (small batch), rotary kiln (special materials). Firing temperature: silica brick: 1350-1430℃; high alumina brick: 1400-1600℃; magnesia brick: 1500-1700℃; Firing stage: preheating (300-600℃): remove residual moisture and organic matter. Medium temperature (600-1200℃): binder decomposition, initial sintering. High temperature (above 1200℃): liquid phase is generated, and the particles are bonded and densified. Cooling: slow cooling (to avoid thermal stress cracking).

[0067] Post-processing and inspection:

[0068] Processing: The refractory brick body is processed into the refractory brick body at the corner and the refractory brick body at the straight edge, and grooves and protrusions are processed on the corresponding connecting surfaces. The quality of the processed refractory brick body is inspected, including physical properties, refractoriness and appearance inspection.

[0069] Furthermore, in a specific practical test, the carbonization furnace using special-shaped curved refractory bricks has achieved good results. The actual results of the application of ordinary inclined bricks and special-shaped curved refractory bricks are compared as follows:

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] Adaptive changes made according to actual needs are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0073] It should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any reference numerals in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0074] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A special-shaped curved refractory brick, characterized in that: It comprises a refractory brick body, on which a coke-pushing surface for guiding coal to move out of the carbonization furnace is provided, and the coke-pushing surface is a partial structure of a most rapid descent curved surface; The starting point of the focus-pushing plane coincides with the highest point of the steepest descent surface, and the angle between the tangent direction of the starting point of the focus-pushing plane and the highest point of the steepest descent surface and the horizontal direction is 90°; The end point of the focus-pushing plane is located above the lowest point of the steepest descent surface, and the angle between the tangent direction of the end point of the focus-pushing plane and the horizontal direction is 20° to 40°.

2. The special-shaped curved refractory brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the tangent direction of the end point of the focus-pushing plane and the horizontal direction is 30°.

3. The special-shaped curved refractory brick according to claim 2, characterized in that: The starting point of the focus pushing surface is flush with the top of the refractory brick body, and the end point of the focus pushing surface is arranged at an interval above the bottom of the refractory brick body.

4. The special-shaped curved refractory brick according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The refractory brick body is a straight-edge refractory brick body and is arranged at the horizontal straight edge position at the bottom of the carbonization furnace. The coke-pushing surface is opened at the top edge position of the refractory brick body on the side away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace.

5. The special-shaped curved refractory brick according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The refractory brick body is a corner refractory brick body and is arranged at the corner of the bottom of the carbonization furnace. The coke pushing surface is opened at the top corner position of the refractory brick body on the side away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace.

6. The special-shaped curved refractory brick according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The refractory brick body is provided with a connection surface for connecting with the adjacent refractory brick body, the connection surface is located on the outer peripheral side of the focus pushing surface, and a positioning structure is provided between the connection surfaces of two adjacent refractory brick bodies.

7. The special-shaped curved refractory brick according to claim 6, characterized in that: The positioning structure is a protrusion protruding from the connecting surface or a groove opened on the connecting surface, and the structure of the protrusion matches the structure of the groove.

8. The special-shaped curved refractory brick according to claim 7, characterized in that: The refractory brick body is provided with the connecting surfaces on both sides along the circumference of the carbonization furnace, and the protrusions or grooves on the connecting surfaces extend in the vertical direction and match the height of the refractory brick body.

9. A carbonization furnace, characterized in that: It includes a carbonization furnace body and a discharge port arranged at the bottom of the carbonization furnace body; The inner lining bottom of the carbonization furnace body is covered with the special-shaped curved refractory bricks according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the special-shaped curved refractory bricks are connected in sequence along the circumference of the carbonization furnace body and surround the outer circumference of the discharge port; The rest of the inner lining of the carbonization furnace body is covered with vertical refractory bricks, and a vertically extending working surface is provided on one side of the vertical refractory brick close to the center of the carbonization furnace body. The starting point of the focus pushing surface on the special-shaped curved refractory brick is smoothly connected to the bottom edge of the working surface on the adjacent vertical refractory brick.

10. A method for manufacturing refractory bricks for special-shaped curved surface refractory bricks as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Prepare a mold for making special-shaped curved refractory bricks: prepare a CNC machine tool and a mold blank, and combine mathematical modeling, CNC programming and machine tool processing technology to process the mold blank into a required mold structure; S2. Preparation of refractory bricks: preparing refractory brick raw materials, and loading the refractory brick raw materials into the mold structure, demoulding after pressure molding, and obtaining the required special-shaped curved refractory bricks after drying and firing.

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