Hump speed reducer abrasion loss detection device for railway station

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for detecting the abrasion loss of a hump speed reducer for a railway station, which is characterized in that when a wheel passes through a main track, the rim of the wheel is in contact with the upper end of a detection elastic sheet, the detection elastic sheet is pressed to move downwards, a total connecting rod of the detection elastic sheet and a main arm move to the lower position, and a conical head at the lower end of the main arm is clamped in a right-angle clamping groove between two groups of clamping seats; the clamping hook is in limiting fit with the limiting clamping groove of the detection elastic sheet main connecting rod through the clamping hook insertion hole; the contact piece moves to one side close to the detection elastic piece; when a wheel passes through the main track, the width of an opening between the two clamping seats is increased, clamping of the main arm is relieved, the main arm ascends and resets, the clamping hook moves outwards to the position separated from the limiting clamping groove, limiting of the detection elastic piece total connecting rod is relieved, the detection elastic piece total connecting rod moves to the upper portion, and the synchronous contact piece moves outwards to the position tightly attached to the speed reducer friction piece. The distance from the hump speed reducer to the rail head is obtained through scales on the scale rod, and the abrasion loss of the hump speed reducer is obtained by subtracting the two distances from the hump speed reducer to the rail head. According to the invention, accurate detection of the abrasion loss can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of hump reducer detection, and in particular relates to a hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations. Background Art

[0002] In railway stations, hump shunting yards are usually set up to facilitate cargo dispatching and parking. After the loaded carriage enters the shunting yard, in order to safely park the cargo at the designated location, the carriage needs to be slowed down. Hump reducers are indispensable equipment in hump shunting. Commonly used hump reducers can be divided into pneumatic reducers, hydraulic reducers and electric reducers according to different power systems. Although the power output methods are different, the deceleration principles are similar. The power system drives the friction plate to press the wheels of the carriage, converting the kinetic energy of the carriage into heat energy, thereby achieving carriage deceleration. Since the friction plate is constantly worn during the deceleration process of the carriage, the dispatching yard needs to regularly detect the wear of the friction plate to prevent accidents.

[0003] In view of the problems of limited options, low reliability, high cost and poor safety in the friction plate detection system of hump reducer on the market, it is necessary to design a special device for detecting the wear of hump reducer. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a device and a design method for detecting the wear of a hump reducer for a railway station. The device has high reliability, can realize accurate detection of the wear, and is highly practical.

[0005] The above-mentioned object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A device for detecting the wear of a hump reducer for a railway station is composed of a detection body and a clamping seat; the detection body includes a detection spring, a contact piece, a detection spring total connecting rod, a main arm, a main arm base, a detection spring spring, a main arm spring, a connecting rod, an upper hinge column of the connecting rod, a lower hinge column of the connecting rod, a scale rod, a contact piece slide block, and a locking and releasing mechanism of the detection spring total connecting rod; a conical head structure is provided at the lower end of the main arm; a limit slot is provided on the lower side of the detection spring total connecting rod;

[0007] The detection spring piece and the contact piece are relatively arranged at the two side positions of the main track, the lower end of the detection spring piece is fixedly connected to the upper end of the detection spring piece total connecting rod, the detection spring piece total connecting rod and the main arm base are fitted in a manner that they can move relatively up and down, the detection spring piece spring is sleeved on the detection spring piece total connecting rod and is pressed between the lower end of the detection spring piece and the upper end of the main arm; the main arm and the main arm base are fitted in a manner that they can move relatively up and down, and a main arm spring is installed on the main arm, and the main arm spring is arranged above the main arm base; the detection spring piece The central axis of the up-and-down movement of the sheet total connecting rod relative to the main arm is arranged parallel to the central axis of the up-and-down movement of the main arm relative to the main arm base. The middle part of the detection spring sheet total connecting rod is hinged to one end of the connecting rod through the lower hinge column of the connecting rod. The other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the lower end of the contact sheet through the upper hinge column of the connecting rod. The scale rod is vertically fixed to the inner side of the lower end of the contact sheet. The contact sheet slide block is fixed on the main arm and is pressed and contacted with the upper end of the main arm spring. The scale rod is fitted with the slide hole horizontally arranged on the contact sheet slide block.

[0008] The detection spring piece total connecting rod locking and releasing mechanism is installed on the outer side of the lower end of the main arm, and has a hook that can move radially along the main arm under the action of magnetic force, and a hook insertion hole is provided on the main arm at a position corresponding to the hook;

[0009] The clamping seats are in two groups, and the two groups of clamping seats are symmetrically arranged at the left and right sides of the conical head at the lower end of the main arm, and a V-shaped guide groove and a right-angle clamping groove with controllable opening width are formed between the two groups of clamping seats; the V-shaped guide groove and the right-angle clamping groove are arranged up and down;

[0010] When the wheel passes through the main track, the wheel rim contacts the upper end of the detection spring sheet, pressing the detection spring sheet downward, the detection spring sheet total connecting rod and the main arm both move to the lower position, and the conical head at the lower end of the main arm is clamped in the right-angle slot formed between the two sets of clamping seats, and the hook forms a limited fit with the limit slot of the detection spring sheet total connecting rod through the hook plug hole; the contact piece moves to a position close to one side of the detection spring sheet; when the wheel passes through the main track, the opening width between the two clamping seats increases, the clamping of the main arm is released, the main arm first moves upward and resets, the hook moves outward to a position disengaged from the limit slot, the limit on the detection spring sheet total connecting rod is released, the detection spring sheet total connecting rod moves to the upper position, and the synchronous contact piece moves outward to a position close to the reducer friction plate; the distance from the hump reducer to the rail head is obtained by the scale on the scale rod, and the wear amount of the hump reducer is obtained by subtracting the two distances from the hump reducer to the rail head.

[0011] Moreover, it also includes a distance measuring sensor, which is installed on the lower inner side of the detection shrapnel.

[0012] Moreover, the main arm is composed of a main arm upper section, a main arm lower section and a main arm neck portion for fixing the main arm upper section and the lower end on the side, a spacing is left between the lower end of the main arm upper section and the upper end of the main arm lower section, a center hole is provided on the main arm upper section, a center hole is provided on the upper part of the main arm lower section, the lower end portion adopts the conical head structure, and the hook insertion hole is provided on the side wall of the main arm lower section corresponding to the center hole.

[0013] Moreover, the detection spring piece total connecting rod is composed of an upper connecting rod of the detection spring piece and a lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece; both ends of the upper connecting rod of the detection spring piece are formed with threads, the upper end of the upper connecting rod of the detection spring piece passes through the detection spring piece spring, and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole set on the detection spring piece 1-1; the lower end of the upper connecting rod of the detection spring piece passes through the central hole of the upper section of the main arm, and is fixed to the threaded hole set at the upper end of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece by threads, and the lower gap of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece is inserted into the central hole of the lower end of the main arm, and the limit slot is set on the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece.

[0014] Moreover, a hinge hole is arranged perpendicular to the axial direction near the upper end of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece, and the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece is relatively rotatably connected to one end of the connecting rod through the lower hinge column of the connecting rod at the hinge hole.

[0015] Moreover, the detection spring sheet total connecting rod locking and unlocking mechanism includes a hook seat, a hook electromagnet, a hole-making bolt, a hook spring and the hook; the hook electromagnet is fixed on the hook seat, and the lower end of the hook seat is fixed to the side of the lower section of the main arm. The hook is provided with a threaded hole, and the hole-making bolt passes through the hook seat and the hook spring and is fixed to the hook by a thread; when the hook electromagnet is energized, the hook is acted upon by the magnetic force and moves to the outer side of the lower section of the main arm; when the hook electromagnet loses power, the hook is acted upon by the hook spring and extends into the inner hole of the lower section of the main arm through the hook insertion hole on the lower section of the main arm.

[0016] Moreover, each group of clamping seats mainly includes a clamping slide rod, a clamping seat electromagnet, a clamping seat flange, a clamping seat spring and a clamping seat base; the clamping slide rod is composed of a rod body part and a clamping head part arranged at the inner end of the rod body part, and a roller is installed at the lower end of the clamping head part to contact the base surface; guide bevels and right-angle grooves are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the inner side of the clamping head, and the guide bevels of the two groups of clamping seats cooperate to form the V-shaped guide groove, and the right-angle grooves of the two groups of clamping seats cooperate, which can be used to lock the conical head when the connecting rod under the detection spring moves to the lower working position.

[0017] Furthermore, the design method of the railway station hump reducer wear detection device comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1: Determine the key dimensions of the main track in the hump yard and the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations. The key dimensions of the main track in the hump yard mainly include the rail head width and rail bottom width. The measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations is determined according to actual usage requirements.

[0019] S2: According to the actual situation, determine the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction. The minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction is between 10° and 25°.

[0020] S3: Calculate the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod according to the key dimensions of the main track and the minimum angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction. The distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod is calculated by the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] Where l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; W1 is the rail bottom width, in mm; α min It is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction.

[0023] S4: According to the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction, the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod and the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations, determine the maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction. The maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction is calculated by the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] Where, t is the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations; l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; α min is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; α max It is the maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction.

[0026] S5: Calculate the longitudinal travel of the detection spring according to the limit value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction and the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod. The longitudinal travel of the detection spring is calculated by the following formula:

[0027] s=|lcosα min -lcosα max |

[0028] Where, s is the longitudinal travel of the detection spring, in mm; l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; α max is the maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; α min It is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction.

[0029] S6: According to the longitudinal travel of the detection spring and the weight of a single wheel, select the model and specifications of the detection spring. The model and specifications of the detection spring include the inner diameter of the detection spring, the effective number of turns of the detection spring, the wire diameter of the detection spring and the length of the detection spring. The inner diameter of the detection spring is the same as the diameter of the connecting rod on the detection spring. The effective number of turns of the detection spring is calculated by the following formula:

[0030]

[0031] Where n is the effective number of coils of the detection spring; s is the longitudinal travel of the detection spring, in mm.

[0032] The wire diameter of the spring is obtained by the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] Where F is the weight of a single wheel of the cargo box, in N; s is the longitudinal travel of the detection spring, in mm; is the shear modulus of the detection spring, in N / mm 2 ; D is the inner diameter of the spring for testing, in mm; d is the wire diameter of the spring for testing, in mm; n is the effective number of turns of the spring for testing; G is the shear modulus of the spring material, in N / mm 2 .

[0035] The length of the detection spring is calculated using the following formula:

[0036] p=s+nd

[0037] In the formula, p is the length of the detection spring, in mm; s is the longitudinal stroke of the detection spring, in mm; d is the wire diameter of the detection spring, in mm; n is the effective number of turns of the detection spring.

[0038] S7: According to the model and specifications of the spring of the detected spring, select the model and specifications of the main arm spring. The model and specifications of the main arm spring include the inner diameter of the main arm spring, the effective number of coils of the main arm spring and the wire diameter of the main arm spring. The inner diameter of the main arm spring is the same as the diameter of the main arm. The effective number of coils of the main arm spring is calculated by the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] Where n' is the effective number of turns of the main arm spring; n is the effective number of turns of the detection spring.

[0041] The main arm spring wire diameter is calculated using the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] Where, d′ is the wire diameter of the main arm spring, in mm; d is the wire diameter of the detection spring, in mm.

[0044] S8: According to the key dimensions of the main track in the hump yard, the key geometric dimensions of the detection spring and contact piece are designed. The concave amount of the detection spring and contact piece is calculated by the following formula:

[0045]

[0046] Where, e1 is the concave amount of the detection spring, in mm; e2 is the concave amount of the contact piece, in mm; l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; α min It is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; W1 is the rail bottom width, in mm; W2 is the rail head width, in mm.

[0047] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0048] (1) The hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations proposed in the present invention can not only accurately measure the wear of the hump reducer, but also calculate the approximate wear through the scale on the contact piece when the precise value of the reducer wear is not needed. This design scheme facilitates the main track maintenance personnel to accurately measure and roughly estimate the wear of the hump reducer, and is highly practical.

[0049] (2) When the wheels of the cargo box pass by, the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations proposed in the present invention compresses the detection body to the bottom of the main track through connecting rod transmission, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of accidents such as derailment and has good safety.

[0050] (3) The hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations proposed in the present invention mainly uses a mechanical method to measure the wear. Compared with the electromechanical measurement system, it has high reliability and strong maintainability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is an isometric view of a wear detection device for a hump reducer for a railway station according to the present invention;

[0052] In the figure: 1. Detection body; 2. Clamping seat;

[0053] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the detection body of the present invention;

[0054] In the figure: 1-1—detection spring; 1-2—distance sensor; 1-3—detection spring spring; 1-4—connecting rod on detection spring; 1-5—connecting flange; 1-6—main arm; 1-7—contact piece slide block; 1-8—main arm spring; 1-9—main arm base; 1-10—reamed hole bolt; 1-11—hook seat; 1-12—hook spring; 1-13—hook electromagnet; 1-14—hook; 1-15—hook column under connecting rod; 1-16—connecting rod under detection spring; 1-17—connecting rod; 1-18—hook column on connecting rod; 1-19—contact piece; 1-20—first screw; 1-21—second screw; 1-22—third screw;

[0055] Figure 3 3a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main arm of the present invention, 3b is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of 3a, and 3c is a stereogram;

[0056] In the figure: 1-6-1, the upper section of the main arm; 1-6-2, the neck of the main arm; 1-6-3, the lower section of the main arm;

[0057] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the clamping seat;

[0058] In the figure: 2-1—clamping slide bar; 2-2—clamping seat electromagnet; 2-3—clamping seat flange; 2-4—clamping seat spring; 2-5—clamping seat base; 2-6—fourth screw; 2-7—fifth screw;

[0059] Figure 5 It is the cross-section diagram and key dimensions of the main track in the example;

[0060] In the figure: W1 is the rail bottom width; W2 is the rail head width;

[0061] Figure 6 It is a coordination diagram of the detection body when the wheels of the cargo box pass through the main track, 6a is a front view, and 6b is an AA section view of 6a;

[0062] Figure 7 It is a position state diagram of the hump reducer wear detection device used in the railway station when the wheels of the cargo box pass through the main track;

[0063] In the figure: 3, main track; 4, reducer friction plate;

[0064] Figure 8 It is a position state diagram of the hump reducer wear detection device for the railway station when the detection starts;

[0065] Fig. 9 This is a flow chart of a design method of a wear detection device for a hump reducer used in a railway station proposed by the present invention;

[0066] Fig.10It is a schematic diagram for detecting the concave amount of the shrapnel;

[0067] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the concave amount of the contact piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The structure of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of examples. It should be noted that the present examples are descriptive rather than restrictive.

[0069] A wear detection device for hump reducers used in railway stations, see Figure 1-Figure 11 The invention point is: it is mainly composed of a detection body 1 and a clamping seat 2.

[0070] The detection body mainly includes a detection spring 1-1, a distance sensor 1-2, a detection spring spring 1-3, a detection spring upper connecting rod 1-4, a connecting flange 1-5, a main arm 1-6, a contact piece slide block 1-7, a main arm spring 1-8, a main arm base 1-9, a hinged hole bolt 1-10, a hook seat 1-11, a hook spring 1-12, a hook electromagnet 1-13, a hook 1-14, a lower hinge column 1-15 of a connecting rod, a lower connecting rod 1-16 of a detection spring, a connecting rod 1-17, an upper hinge column 1-18 of a connecting rod and a contact piece 1-19, etc. The upper connecting rod of the detection spring and the lower connecting rod of the detection spring are coaxially connected up and down to form a total connecting rod of the detection spring. The combination of the hinged hole bolt 1-10, the hook seat 1-11, the hook spring 1-12, the hook electromagnet 1-13 and the hook 1-14 constitutes a locking and unlocking mechanism of the total connecting rod of the detection spring.

[0071] The detection spring piece 1-1 is arranged on one side of the main track, and is composed of a vertical piece and a horizontal piece, and is a shape suitable for the main track. The vertical piece is composed of an upper vertical segment, a lower vertical segment, and an intermediate horizontal segment connecting the upper and lower vertical segments, wherein the upper vertical segment is arranged near the side of the main track. The horizontal piece is vertically welded to the inner side of the vertical piece near the lower end (relative to the main track), and a threaded hole is arranged at the lower end of the horizontal piece for connecting the upper connecting rod of the detection spring piece. The distance measuring sensor is fixed to the inner side of the vertical piece by a first screw and is located below the horizontal piece. The main arm is composed of the main arm upper section 1-6-1, the main arm lower section 1-6-3 and the main arm neck 1-6-2 which realizes the fixed connection between the main arm upper section and the lower end at the side. There is a gap between the lower end of the main arm upper section and the upper end of the main arm lower section. The main arm upper section is provided with a center hole, the upper part of the main arm lower section is provided with a center hole, the lower end adopts a conical head structure, and a hook plug hole is provided on the side wall of the main arm lower section corresponding to the center hole. The connecting flange 1-5 is fixed to the upper end 1-6 of the main arm upper section by the second screw 1-21, and its function is to detect the lower limit of the spring 1-3. The connecting rod 1-4 on the detection spring has threads at both ends. The upper end of the connecting rod 1-4 on the detection spring passes through the detection spring 1-3 and is connected to the threaded hole on the detection spring 1-1 by threads, so as to realize the fixed connection between the connecting rod on the detection spring and the detection spring. The lower end of the upper connecting rod 1-4 of the detection spring passes through the central hole of the upper section of the main arm, and is fixed to the threaded hole set at the upper end of the lower connecting rod 1-16 of the detection spring through a thread. The lower gap of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring is inserted into the central hole of the lower end of the main arm, so that the entire detection spring total connecting rod can move up and down relative to the main arm 1-6, and a limit card slot is set at the lower part of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring for cooperation with the hook to achieve locking cooperation within a certain period of time during the detection process. A hinge hole is set perpendicular to the axial direction at a position near the upper end of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring, and the lower connecting rod 1-16 of the detection spring can be relatively rotatably connected to one end of the connecting rod 1-17 through the lower hinge column 1-15 of the connecting rod at the hinge hole position. The contact sheet 1-19 is set on the other side of the main track and is arranged opposite to the detection spring, and the shape of the contact sheet matches the shape of the vertical sheet of the detection spring. A hinge hole is provided at the lower end of the contact piece 1-19, and the hinge hole is connected to the other end of the connecting rod 1-17 by a hinge column 1-18 on the connecting rod so as to be relatively rotatable. The contact piece slide block 1-7 is fixed to the neck of the main arm by welding. A scale rod is vertically welded to the inner side of the lower end of the contact piece, and the scale rod passes through the slide hole provided on the contact piece slide block 1-7 to ensure that the contact piece 1-19 can move horizontally relative to the main arm 1-6. The hook electromagnet 1-13 is fixed to the hook seat 1-11 by gluing, and two through holes are provided at the lower end of the hook seat 1-11, which is fixed to the side of the lower section of the main arm 1-6 by the third screw 1-22.A threaded hole is provided on the hook 1-14, and the hole bolt 1-10 passes through the hook seat 1-11 and the hook spring 1-12, and is fixed to the hook 1-14 by a thread. The hook 1-14 is made of steel. When the hook electromagnet 1-13 is energized, the hook 1-14 is acted upon by the magnetic force and moves toward the hook electromagnet 1-13, moving the outer side of the lower section of the main arm. When the hook electromagnet 1-13 loses power, the hook is acted upon by the hook spring and moves toward the lower section of the main arm, and extends into the inner hole of the lower section of the main arm through the hook insertion hole on the lower section of the main arm.

[0072] The main arm base is a gate-shaped base, and a transverse extension is provided at the lower end of the two vertical sides of the gate-shaped base, and screw holes are provided on the extension, and the base is fixed by installing screws. A guide hole is provided on the upper transverse side of the gate-shaped base. The main arm neck is fitted with the guide hole, and the main arm spring is sleeved on the main arm neck. The upper and lower ends of the main arm spring are respectively pressed and contacted with the lower end of the contact piece slide block and the upper end of the gate-shaped base.

[0073] There are two groups of clamping seats, which are symmetrically arranged at the left and right sides of the lower end of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece. Each group of clamping seats mainly includes a clamping slide bar 2-1, a clamping seat electromagnet 2-2, a clamping seat flange 2-3, a clamping seat spring 2-4 and a clamping seat base 2-5. The clamping slide bar is composed of a rod body part and a clamping head part arranged at the inner end of the rod body part. The lower end of the clamping head part is equipped with a roller to contact the base surface. The inner side of the clamping head is provided with a guide bevel and a right-angle groove up and down. The guide bevels of the two groups of clamping seats cooperate to form a V-shaped guide groove for cooperation with the conical head at the lower end of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece. The cooperation of the right-angle grooves of the two groups of clamping seats can be used to lock the conical head when the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece moves to the lower working position. The clamping seat electromagnet 2-2 is fixed to the outer side of the clamping head of the clamping slide bar 2-1 by the fourth screw 2-6, the clamping seat flange 2-3 is connected to the inner side 2-5 of the clamping seat base by the fifth screw 2-7, the clamping seat spring 2-4 is sleeved on the rod body of the clamping slide bar and pressed between the clamping seat electromagnet 2-2 and the clamping seat flange 2-3. A through hole is provided on the clamping seat base for the rod body of the clamping slide bar to pass through.

[0074] The working principle of the wear detection device for hump reducer used in railway stations of the present invention is as follows:

[0075] When the cargo box wheel passes through the main track 3, the wheel rim of the cargo box presses down the detection spring 1-1, the detection spring spring 1-3 is compressed, and the upper connecting rod 1-4 of the detection spring and the lower connecting rod 1-16 of the detection spring move downward. At the same time, the main arm 1-6 compresses the main arm spring 1-8 to move downward due to the reaction force of the detection spring 1-3. The main arm 1-6 drives the contact piece 1-19 to move downward through the contact piece slide block 1-7. The movement relationship between the lower connecting rod 1-16 of the detection spring and the contact piece 1-19 is transmitted through the connecting rod 1-17. The downward movement of the lower connecting rod 1-16 of the detection spring causes the contact piece 1-19 to move to the right, that is, close to the direction of the main track. The lower connecting rod 1-16 of the detection spring moves downward until the hook 1-14 is inserted into the limit slot on the lower connecting rod of the detection spring, thereby locking the lower connection of the detection spring. At this time, the cross-sectional view of the detection body is as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the main arm 1-6 moves downward, and the conical head at the lower end of the main arm passes through the V-shaped guide groove between the two clamping seats and enters the right-angle clamping groove between the two, thereby clamping the main arm. Figure 7 shown.

[0076] When the wheels of the cargo box pass over the main track, the detection device starts to work, as shown in the attached Figure 8 As shown, the clamping seat electromagnet 2-2 is energized, and the clamping slide bar 2-1 moves toward the clamping seat electromagnet 2-2 due to the action of magnetic attraction, the distance between the inner sides of the two sets of clamping seats increases, the clamping of the main arm is released, and the action of the main arm spring 1-8 causes the main arm 1-6 to move upward. When the main arm 1-6 reaches balance and is stationary, the hook electromagnet 1-13 is energized, and the hook 1-14 moves toward the hook electromagnet 1-13 due to the action of magnetic attraction, releasing the lock on the lower connecting rod of the detection spring, and the action of the detection spring spring 1-3 causes the lower connecting rod 1-16 of the detection spring to move upward. The motion relationship between the lower connecting rod 1-16 of the detection spring and the contact sheet 1-19 is transmitted through the linkage rod 1-17, and the upward movement of the lower connecting rod 1-16 of the detection spring causes the contact sheet 1-19 to move to the left, that is, close to the direction of the reducer friction sheet, until the contact sheet 1-19 is close to the reducer friction sheet 4. The contact piece 1-19 is engraved with a scale on the part passing through the contact piece slide block 1-7. The distance from the hump reducer to the rail head can be roughly obtained through the scale. The wear amount of the hump reducer can be obtained by subtracting the distance from the hump reducer to the rail head twice. If the accurate wear amount of the hump reducer needs to be calculated, the distance between the contact piece 1-19 and the detection spring piece 1-1 is measured by the distance measuring sensor 1-2. The accurate wear amount of the hump reducer can be obtained by subtracting the two measured values.

[0077] The design method of the above-mentioned railway station hump reducer wear detection device comprises the following steps:

[0078] S1: Determine the key dimensions of the main track in the hump yard and the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations. The key dimensions of the main track in the hump yard mainly include the rail head width and rail bottom width. The measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations is determined according to actual usage requirements.

[0079] S2: According to the actual situation, determine the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction. The minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction is between 10° and 25°.

[0080] S3: Calculate the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod according to the key dimensions of the main track and the minimum angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction. The distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod is calculated by the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] Where l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; W1 is the width of the rail bottom, in mm; α min It is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction.

[0083] S4: According to the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction, the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod and the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations, determine the maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction. The maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction is calculated by the following formula:

[0084]

[0085] Where, t is the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations; l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; α min is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; α max It is the maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction.

[0086] S5: Calculate the longitudinal travel of the detection spring according to the limit value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction and the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod. The longitudinal travel of the detection spring is calculated by the following formula:

[0087] s=|lcosα min -lcosα max |

[0088] Where, s is the longitudinal travel of the detection spring, in mm; l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; α max is the maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; α min It is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction.

[0089] S6: According to the longitudinal travel of the detection spring and the weight of a single wheel, select the model and specifications of the detection spring. The model and specifications of the detection spring include the inner diameter of the detection spring, the effective number of turns of the detection spring, the wire diameter of the detection spring and the length of the detection spring. The inner diameter of the detection spring is the same as the diameter of the connecting rod on the detection spring. The effective number of turns of the detection spring is calculated by the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] Where n is the effective number of coils of the detection spring; s is the longitudinal travel of the detection spring, in mm.

[0092] The wire diameter of the spring is obtained by the following formula:

[0093]

[0094] Where F is the weight of a single wheel of the cargo box, in N; s is the longitudinal travel of the detection spring, in mm; is the shear modulus of the detection spring, in N / mm 2 ; D is the inner diameter of the spring for testing, in mm; d is the wire diameter of the spring for testing, in mm; n is the effective number of turns of the spring for testing; G is the shear modulus of the spring material, in N / mm 2 .

[0095] The length of the detection spring is calculated using the following formula:

[0096] p=s+nd

[0097] In the formula, p is the length of the detection spring, in mm; s is the longitudinal stroke of the detection spring, in mm; d is the wire diameter of the detection spring, in mm; n is the effective number of turns of the detection spring.

[0098] S7: According to the model and specifications of the spring of the detected spring, select the model and specifications of the main arm spring. The model and specifications of the main arm spring include the inner diameter of the main arm spring, the effective number of coils of the main arm spring and the wire diameter of the main arm spring. The inner diameter of the main arm spring is the same as the diameter of the main arm. The effective number of coils of the main arm spring is calculated by the following formula:

[0099]

[0100] Where n' is the effective number of turns of the main arm spring; n is the effective number of turns of the detection spring.

[0101] The main arm spring wire diameter is calculated using the following formula:

[0102]

[0103] Where, d′ is the wire diameter of the main arm spring, in mm; d is the wire diameter of the detection spring, in mm.

[0104] S8: According to the key dimensions of the main track in the hump yard, design the key geometric dimensions of the detection spring piece and the contact piece. The concave amount of the detection spring piece is shown in the attached figure. Fig.10 As shown in the figure, the contact piece is concave as shown in the attached figure. Fig.11 The indentation of the detection spring and the contact piece is calculated by the following formula:

[0105]

[0106] Where, e1 is the concave amount of the detection spring, in mm; e2 is the concave amount of the contact piece, in mm; l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; α min It is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; W1 is the rail bottom width, in mm; W2 is the rail head width, in mm.

[0107] Embodiment: In this embodiment, the rail head width W1 of the main track in the hump shunting yard is 132 mm, the rail bottom width W2 is 70 mm, the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations is t = 45 mm, and the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction is α min =20°, weight of a single wheel of the cargo box F = 3270N, spring trim modulus G = 72000N / mm 2 , the diameter of the connecting rod on the detection spring is 30mm, and the diameter of the main arm is 50mm. In the calculation process of this example, the results are all integers. The distance l between the two hinge points of the rod is calculated by the following formula:

[0108]

[0109] The maximum angle α between the connecting rod and the vertical direction is calculated by the following formula: max :

[0110]

[0111] The longitudinal travel s of the detection spring is calculated by the following formula:

[0112] s=|lcosα min -lcosα max |=|207.6×cos20°-207.6×cos34°|≈23mm

[0113] The effective number of coils n of the detection spring is calculated by the following formula:

[0114]

[0115] According to the weight of a single wheel of the cargo box F = 3270N, the spring trim modulus G = 72000N / mm 2 , the diameter of the connecting rod on the detection spring is 30mm (the inner diameter D of the detection spring is the same as the diameter of the connecting rod on the detection spring, that is, D = 30mm). The wire diameter d of the detection spring can be derived by the following formula:

[0116]

[0117] By deduction, it can be concluded that d = 9 mm.

[0118] The length p of the detection spring is calculated using the following formula:

[0119] p=s+nd=23+7×9=86mm

[0120] Since the diameter of the main arm is 50 mm, the inner diameter of the main arm spring is the same as the diameter of the main arm, that is, the inner diameter of the main arm spring is 50 mm.

[0121] The effective number of coils n' of the main arm spring is obtained by the following formula:

[0122]

[0123] The main arm spring wire diameter d' is calculated by the following formula:

[0124]

[0125] The indentation amount e1 of the detection spring is calculated by the following formula:

[0126]

[0127] The contact plate concave amount e2 is calculated by the following formula:

[0128]

[0129] Although the embodiments and drawings of the present invention are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents disclosed in the embodiments and drawings.

Claims

1. A device for detecting wear of a hump reducer for a railway station, characterized in that: It is composed of a detection body and a clamping seat; the detection body includes a detection spring, a contact piece, a detection spring total connecting rod, a main arm, a main arm base, a detection spring spring, a main arm spring, a connecting rod, an upper hinge column of the connecting rod, a lower hinge column of the connecting rod, a scale rod, a contact piece slide block, and a locking and unlocking mechanism of the detection spring total connecting rod; a conical head structure is provided at the lower end of the main arm; a limited slot is provided on the lower side of the detection spring total connecting rod; The detection spring piece and the contact piece are relatively arranged at the two side positions of the main track, the lower end of the detection spring piece is fixedly connected to the upper end of the detection spring piece total connecting rod, the detection spring piece total connecting rod and the main arm are fitted in a manner that they can move relatively up and down, the detection spring piece spring is sleeved on the detection spring piece total connecting rod and is pressed between the lower end of the detection spring piece and the upper end of the main arm; the main arm and the main arm base are fitted in a manner that they can move relatively up and down, and a main arm spring is installed on the main arm, and the main arm spring is arranged above the main arm base; the detection spring piece total The central axis of the connecting rod moving up and down relative to the main arm is arranged parallel to the central axis of the main arm moving up and down relative to the main arm base. The middle part of the detection spring total connecting rod is hinged to one end of the connecting rod through the lower hinge column of the connecting rod. The other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the lower end of the contact piece through the upper hinge column of the connecting rod. The scale rod is vertically fixedly installed on the inner side of the lower end of the contact piece. The contact piece slide block is fixed on the main arm and is pressed and contacted with the upper end of the main arm spring. The scale rod is fitted with the slide hole horizontally arranged on the contact piece slide block. The detection spring piece total connecting rod locking and releasing mechanism is installed on the outer side of the lower end of the main arm, and has a hook that can move radially along the main arm under the action of magnetic force, and a hook insertion hole is provided on the main arm at a position corresponding to the hook; There are two groups of clamping seats, which are symmetrically arranged at the left and right sides of the conical head at the lower end of the main arm, and a V-shaped guide groove and a right-angle clamping groove with controllable opening width are formed between the two groups of clamping seats; the V-shaped guide groove and the right-angle clamping groove are arranged up and down; When the wheel passes through the main track, the wheel rim contacts the upper end of the detection spring sheet, pressing the detection spring sheet downward, the detection spring sheet total connecting rod and the main arm both move to the lower position, and the conical head at the lower end of the main arm is clamped in the right-angle slot formed between the two sets of clamping seats, and the hook forms a limited fit with the limit slot of the detection spring sheet total connecting rod through the hook plug hole; the contact piece moves to a position close to one side of the detection spring sheet; when the wheel passes through the main track, the opening width between the two clamping seats increases, the clamping of the main arm is released, the main arm first moves upward and resets, the hook moves outward to a position disengaged from the limit slot, the limit on the detection spring sheet total connecting rod is released, the detection spring sheet total connecting rod moves to the upper position, and the synchronous contact piece moves outward to a position close to the reducer friction plate; the distance from the hump reducer to the rail head is obtained by the scale on the scale rod, and the wear amount of the hump reducer is obtained by subtracting the two distances from the hump reducer to the rail head.

2. The wear detection device for hump reducer for railway station according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a distance measuring sensor, which is installed on the lower inner side of the detection shrapnel.

3. The railway station hump reducer wear detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main arm is composed of an upper section, a lower section and a main arm neck that realizes fixed connection between the upper section and the lower end of the main arm at the side; a spacing is left between the lower end of the upper section and the upper end of the lower section, the upper section is provided with a center hole, the upper part of the lower section is provided with a center hole, the lower end portion adopts the conical head structure, and the hook insertion hole is provided on the side wall of the lower section of the main arm corresponding to the center hole.

4. The railway station hump reducer wear detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detection spring piece total connecting rod is composed of an upper connecting rod of the detection spring piece and a lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece; both ends of the upper connecting rod of the detection spring piece are formed with threads, the upper end of the upper connecting rod of the detection spring piece passes through the detection spring piece spring, and is connected to the threaded hole set on the detection spring piece by thread; the lower end of the upper connecting rod of the detection spring piece passes through the central hole of the upper section of the main arm, and is fixed to the threaded hole set at the upper end of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece by thread, the lower gap of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece is inserted into the central hole of the lower end of the main arm, and the limit slot is set on the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece.

5. The railway station hump reducer wear detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A hinge hole is arranged perpendicular to the axial direction near the upper end of the lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece. The lower connecting rod of the detection spring piece is relatively rotatably connected to one end of the connecting rod through the lower hinge column of the connecting rod at the hinge hole.

6. The railway station hump reducer wear detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detection spring piece total connecting rod locking and unlocking mechanism includes a hook seat, a hook electromagnet, a hole-making bolt, a hook spring and the hook; the hook electromagnet is fixed on the hook seat, and the lower end of the hook seat is fixed to the side of the lower section of the main arm; a threaded hole is provided on the hook, and the hole-making bolt passes through the hook seat and the hook spring, and is fixed to the hook by a thread; when the hook electromagnet is energized, the hook is affected by the magnetic force and moves to the outer side of the lower section of the main arm; when the hook electromagnet loses power, the hook is affected by the hook spring and extends into the inner hole of the lower section of the main arm through the hook insertion hole on the lower section of the main arm.

7. The railway station hump reducer wear detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each set of clamping seats mainly includes a clamping slide rod, a clamping seat electromagnet, a clamping seat flange, a clamping seat spring and a clamping seat base; the clamping slide rod is composed of a rod body part and a clamping head part arranged at the inner end of the rod body part, and a roller is installed at the lower end of the clamping head part to contact the base surface; guide inclined surfaces and right-angle grooves are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the inner side of the clamping head, and the guide inclined surfaces of the two sets of clamping seats cooperate to form the V-shaped guide groove; the cooperation of the right-angle grooves of the two sets of clamping seats can be used to lock the conical head when the connecting rod under the detection spring moves to the lower working position.

8. The railway station hump reducer wear detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design method includes the following steps: S1: Determine the key dimensions of the main track in the hump yard and the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations; the key dimensions of the main track in the hump yard mainly include the rail head width and rail bottom width; the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations is determined according to actual use requirements; S2: Determine the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction according to the actual situation; the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction is between 10° and 25°; S3: Calculate the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod according to the key dimensions of the main track and the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod is calculated by the following formula: Where l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; W1 is the width of the rail bottom, in mm; α min is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; S4: According to the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction, the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod and the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations, the maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction is determined; the maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction is calculated by the following formula: Where, t is the measuring range of the hump reducer wear detection device for railway stations; l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; α min is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; α max is the maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; S5: Calculate the longitudinal travel of the detection spring piece according to the limit value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction and the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod; the longitudinal travel of the detection spring piece is calculated by the following formula: s=|l cosα min -l cosα max | Where, s is the longitudinal travel of the detection spring, in mm; l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; α max is the maximum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; α min is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; S6: According to the longitudinal travel of the detection spring and the weight of a single wheel, the model and specifications of the detection spring include the inner diameter of the detection spring, the effective number of turns of the detection spring, the wire diameter of the detection spring and the length of the detection spring. The inner diameter of the detection spring is the same as the diameter of the connecting rod on the detection spring. The effective number of turns of the detection spring is calculated by the following formula: Where n is the effective number of coils of the detection spring; s is the longitudinal travel of the detection spring, in mm; The wire diameter of the spring is obtained by the following formula: Where F is the weight of a single wheel of the cargo box, in N; s is the longitudinal travel of the detection spring, in mm; is the shear modulus of the detection spring, in N / mm 2 ; D is the inner diameter of the spring for testing, in mm; d is the wire diameter of the spring for testing, in mm; n is the effective number of turns of the spring for testing; G is the shear modulus of the spring material, in N / mm 2 ; The length of the detection spring is calculated using the following formula: p=s+nd In the formula, p is the length of the detection spring, in mm; s is the longitudinal stroke of the detection spring, in mm; d is the wire diameter of the detection spring, in mm; n is the effective number of turns of the detection spring; S7: According to the model and specifications of the detected spring, select the model and specifications of the main arm spring; the model and specifications of the main arm spring include the inner diameter of the main arm spring, the effective number of coils of the main arm spring and the wire diameter of the main arm spring; the inner diameter of the main arm spring is the same as the diameter of the main arm; the effective number of coils of the main arm spring is calculated by the following formula: Where n' is the effective number of turns of the main arm spring; n is the effective number of turns of the detection spring; The main arm spring wire diameter is calculated using the following formula: Where, d′ is the wire diameter of the main arm spring, in mm; d is the wire diameter of the detection spring, in mm; S8: According to the key dimensions of the main track in the hump yard, the key geometric dimensions of the detection spring piece and the contact piece are designed; the concave amount of the detection spring piece and the contact piece is calculated by the following formula: Where, e1 is the concave amount of the detection spring, in mm; e2 is the concave amount of the contact piece, in mm; l is the distance between the two hinge points of the connecting rod, in mm; α min It is the minimum value of the angle between the connecting rod and the vertical direction; W1 is the rail bottom width, in mm; W2 is the rail head width, in mm.

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