Oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device and method based on optical fiber sensor

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device and method based on an optical fiber sensor, and the device comprises a housing which comprises an upper housing and a lower housing, and the upper housing and the lower housing are suitable for wrapping the outer surface of a to-be-monitored pipeline after being in butt joint, a monitoring cavity is formed among the upper shell, the lower shell and the to-be-monitored pipeline, the rotating assembly comprises a rotating driving mechanism and two sets of rotating discs, a linkage rod is connected between the two sets of rotating discs, and the rotating discs and the to-be-monitored pipeline are coaxially arranged and located in the monitoring cavity; the first monitoring assembly comprises a controller, a first amplifier, a first optical fiber transmitter and a first optical fiber receiver, the first optical fiber transmitter is installed on one rotating disc, and the outer surface of the pipeline is monitored in an omnibearing mode by arranging a correlation type optical fiber sensor capable of rotating integrally to rotate along the axis of the part, to be monitored, of the pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pipeline deformation monitoring, and in particular to an optical fiber sensor-based oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device and method. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the field of safety monitoring of oil and gas pipelines, real-time monitoring of pipeline deformation is a key link to ensure the safe operation of pipelines. Traditionally, distributed fiber optic sensors are widely used in deformation monitoring of oil and gas pipelines due to their long-distance and continuous monitoring capabilities. Distributed fiber optic sensors can sense and locate tiny deformations along the pipeline by arranging a whole circle of optical fiber along the length of the pipeline, providing important data for pipeline integrity assessment and maintenance.

[0003] After searching, it was found that the Chinese patent with the announcement number CN213455354U discloses a pipeline deformation monitoring device based on distributed optical fiber. The patent realizes fast and convenient installation and disassembly by opening grooves and slots on both sides of the pipeline body and fixing the optical fiber sensor with a card holder with a buckle, which is convenient for later maintenance and avoids the inconvenience of replacing the pipeline body as a whole due to damage of the optical fiber sensor. However, the patent still adopts the traditional distributed optical fiber monitoring technology, which has certain advantages for a longer monitoring range in actual use, but still has limitations, especially for the short-length pipeline joints. These areas are often more prone to deformation and damage due to complex structures, stress concentration and other factors. For a shorter monitoring range, the cost of distributed optical fiber is too high. The distributed optical fiber sensor needs to monitor the outer surface of the entire pipeline, which means that a whole circle of optical fiber needs to be arranged at the joint. However, the joint is usually compact and space is limited. Arranging a whole circle of optical fiber is not only difficult to construct, but also costly. On the other hand, the distributed optical fiber sensor performs well in monitoring long-distance pipelines, but in the joint area where local deformation is more sensitive, its monitoring accuracy cannot meet actual needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art by setting a fully rotatable opposing-radiation optical fiber sensor to rotate along the axis of the part of the pipeline to be monitored, thereby monitoring the outer surface of the pipeline in all directions.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is an oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor, comprising: A housing, the housing comprising an upper housing and a lower housing, the upper housing and the lower housing being adapted to wrap the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored after docking, and a monitoring chamber being formed between the upper housing, the lower housing and the pipeline to be monitored; A rotating assembly, the rotating assembly comprising a rotating drive mechanism and two sets of rotating disks, a linkage rod being connected between the two sets of rotating disks, the rotating disks being coaxially arranged with the pipeline to be monitored and being located in the monitoring chamber; at least one first monitoring component, the first monitoring component comprising a controller, a first amplifier, a first optical fiber transmitter and a first optical fiber receiver, the first optical fiber transmitter being mounted on one of the turntables, and the first optical fiber receiver being mounted on the other turntable at a position corresponding to the first optical fiber transmitter; The rotary drive mechanism is connected to one of the rotating disks to drive the rotating disk and the other rotating disk to rotate, thereby driving the first optical fiber transmitter and the corresponding first optical fiber receiver to rotate synchronously with the axis of the pipeline to be monitored as the center to monitor the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored, and feeding back the signal to the controller; A fixing rod is connected between the two rotating disks, the first amplifier is mounted on the fixing rod, and the first amplifier is respectively connected to the first optical fiber transmitter and the first optical fiber receiver through connecting wires, and the connecting wires are wound around the outer circumference of the fixing rod.

[0006] Furthermore, the rotating assembly includes two sets of connecting mechanisms, and the two sets of connecting mechanisms correspond to the two sets of rotating disks respectively. The turntable is divided into an upper turntable and a lower turntable, and the upper turntable and the lower turntable are detachably connected; Each group of the connection mechanisms comprises an upper rotating seat, a lower rotating seat, an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate, wherein the upper rotating seat and the lower rotating seat are detachably connected and are located outside the pipeline to be monitored, the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate are detachably connected and are located outside the pipeline to be monitored, the two ends of the upper rotating seat are respectively connected to the upper connecting plate and the upper shell, the two ends of the lower rotating seat are respectively connected to the lower connecting plate and the lower shell, the upper rotating seat and the lower rotating seat are connected to form a whole outside the pipeline to be monitored, and the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate are connected to form a whole outside the pipeline to be monitored; The upper turntable and the lower turntable are both provided with rotating blocks, and the two rotating blocks are respectively slidably arranged in the corresponding upper rotating seat or the lower rotating seat. The upper turntable and the lower turntable are suitable for being driven by the rotating drive mechanism after docking to form an overall internal rotation after the upper rotating seat and the lower rotating seat are docked.

[0007] Furthermore, the rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary motor, a rotating shaft, a driving gear and a driven gear sleeve; The driven gear sleeve is divided into an upper gear sleeve and a lower gear sleeve, the upper gear sleeve is connected to one of the upper rotating disks, and the lower gear sleeve is connected to the lower rotating disk corresponding to the upper rotating disk, and the upper gear sleeve and the lower gear sleeve are suitable for following the docking of the upper rotating disk and the lower rotating disk to dock and form the completed driven gear sleeve; The rotating motor is mounted on the upper housing, the output shaft of the rotating motor is connected to the rotating shaft, the driving gear is fixedly sleeved outside the rotating shaft, and the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear sleeve.

[0008] Further, the monitoring device further includes an adjustment component, the adjustment component includes two groups of reinforcement plates, the two groups of reinforcement plates are respectively connected to the two groups of connecting plates that form a whole after docking, each group of reinforcement plates is divided into an upper reinforcement plate and a lower reinforcement plate, the upper reinforcement plate is connected to the corresponding upper connecting plate, and the lower reinforcement plate is connected to the corresponding lower connecting plate; A docking groove is provided in the upper reinforcing plate, and a docking block is provided on the lower reinforcing plate. The docking block is suitable for being inserted into the docking groove to dock the upper reinforcing plate and the lower reinforcing plate. A first threaded hole is provided on the upper reinforcing plate, and the first threaded hole is communicated with the docking groove. A second threaded hole is provided on the docking block that penetrates the upper reinforcing plate, and the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole are suitable for passing bolts to fix the position of the docking block in the docking groove. After the upper reinforcement plate and the lower reinforcement plate are butt-jointed, they are coaxially arranged with the pipeline to be monitored, the inner circles of the upper reinforcement plate and the lower reinforcement plate are fitted with the outer circumferential surface of the pipeline to be monitored, and a sealing gasket is arranged on the fitting inner circles of the upper reinforcement plate and the lower reinforcement plate and the pipeline to be monitored.

[0009] Further, the first monitoring component also includes a mounting plate corresponding to the first optical fiber transmitter and the first optical fiber receiver, the first optical fiber transmitter and the first optical fiber receiver are respectively connected to the corresponding turntable through the mounting plates corresponding to the first optical fiber transmitter and the first optical fiber receiver, a sliding groove is provided in the mounting plate, and the first optical fiber transmitter and the first optical fiber receiver are both slidably arranged in the corresponding sliding groove; The mounting plate is provided with an adjustment groove which is communicated with the sliding groove. The outer shells of the first optical fiber transmitter and the first optical fiber receiver are both provided with threaded holes, and the adjustment groove is suitable for passing bolts to dock with the corresponding threaded holes.

[0010] Further, the monitoring device includes a moving assembly, and the moving assembly includes a rotating outer sleeve, a rotating inner sleeve, at least one second monitoring assembly and a linear drive mechanism; The rotating outer sleeve is arranged outside the pipeline to be monitored, and the rotating inner sleeve is rotatably installed inside the rotating outer sleeve. The rotating inner sleeve is located outside the pipeline to be monitored. The rotating inner sleeve is provided with a plurality of linkage holes penetrating the rotating inner sleeve. The linkage rod is fixedly embedded in the linkage holes. The rotating inner sleeve and the rotating outer sleeve are both coaxially arranged with the pipeline to be monitored. The second monitoring assembly includes a second amplifier, a second optical fiber transmitter and a second optical fiber receiver. The second amplifier is installed inside the rotating inner sleeve. The second amplifier is connected to the second optical fiber transmitter and the second optical fiber receiver. The second optical fiber receiver is connected to the controller. The second optical fiber transmitter is suitable for irradiating a light beam onto the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored, and then reflecting it onto the second optical fiber receiver. The second optical fiber receiver is suitable for feeding back the received signal to the controller. The second optical fiber transmitter and the second optical fiber receiver are respectively provided with fixing brackets, both of which are connected to the second amplifier, and the two fixing brackets are respectively suitable for fixing the position and angle of the second optical fiber transmitter or the second optical fiber receiver; The linear drive mechanism is connected to the rotating outer sleeve so as to drive the rotating outer sleeve to move linearly along the axial direction of the pipeline to be monitored in the monitoring chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the rotating inner sleeve is divided into an upper rotating inner sleeve and a lower rotating inner sleeve, and the upper rotating inner sleeve and the lower rotating inner sleeve are detachably connected and are both located outside the pipeline to be monitored; The rotating outer shell is divided into an upper rotating outer shell and a lower rotating outer shell, and the upper rotating outer shell and the lower rotating outer shell are detachably connected and are both located outside the pipeline to be monitored; The upper rotating inner sleeve is arranged inside the upper rotating outer sleeve, and the lower rotating inner sleeve is arranged inside the lower rotating outer sleeve. The lower rotating inner sleeve and the upper rotating inner sleeve are suitable for being connected with each other and rotating together to be arranged inside the upper rotating outer sleeve and the lower rotating outer sleeve to form a whole after being connected.

[0012] Further, the linear drive mechanism includes a transmission sleeve, a linear motor and a threaded rod; The linear motor is installed on the lower shell, the threaded rod is rotatably installed in the lower shell, the transmission sleeve is assembled on the outside of the threaded rod, the transmission sleeve is connected to the lower rotating outer sleeve, and the linear motor is connected to the threaded rod to drive the threaded rod to rotate, thereby driving the transmission sleeve to move along the axial direction of the threaded rod.

[0013] Furthermore, at least one cleaning component is connected to the rotating inner sleeve, and the cleaning component includes an adjustment plate, an adjustment block and a cleaning roller; The adjusting plate is connected to the rotating inner sleeve, a sliding groove is provided in the adjusting plate, the adjusting block is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, one side of the adjusting block is connected to an adjusting screw, a limiting groove is provided on the adjusting plate, the limiting groove is communicated with the sliding groove, the adjusting screw is slidably arranged in the limiting groove, and the adjusting screw is suitable for threading a nut to be fixed to the adjusting plate; The cleaning roller is rotatably mounted on the adjusting block, the outer peripheral surface of the cleaning roller is provided with a soft brush, and the cleaning roller is suitable for rotating with the rotating inner sleeve to clean the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a method for monitoring deformation of an oil and gas pipeline based on an optical fiber sensor, which uses the above-mentioned oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on an optical fiber sensor, and comprises the following steps: S1, docking the upper shell with the lower shell outside the part to be monitored in the pipeline to be monitored, starting the first monitoring component located on the turntable, emitting a light beam through the first optical fiber transmitter and receiving the light beam through the first optical fiber receiver, the direct light beam is located above the surface of the pipeline to be monitored, when a bulge is generated on the surface of the pipeline to be monitored and blocks the light beam, the first optical fiber receiver cannot receive the light beam and feeds back information to the controller; S2. Start the rotary drive mechanism to drive one of the turntables to rotate, and the turntable drives the other turntable to rotate through the linkage rod, thereby driving the first optical fiber transmitter and the first optical fiber receiver respectively located on the two turntables to rotate with the axis of the pipeline to be monitored as the center, so as to perform real-time monitoring of the entire outer surface of the portion to be monitored of the pipeline to be monitored.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By setting up structures such as the upper shell and the lower shell, the portion of the pipeline to be monitored that needs to be monitored is covered by the upper shell and the lower shell, while protecting the first optical fiber transmitter and the first optical fiber receiver located in the upper shell and the lower shell, thereby avoiding damage to the pipeline to be monitored itself by the outside world and avoiding the influence of the external environment on the monitoring results of the optical fiber.

[0016] By setting up structures such as a rotating drive mechanism and a first monitoring component, the first monitoring component forms a counter-radiation optical fiber sensor through a first optical fiber transmitter and a first optical fiber receiver to monitor the outer surface of the pipeline. At the same time, the rotating drive mechanism drives the entire assembly to rotate around the axis of the pipeline as the center, thereby achieving the effect of a single counter-radiation optical fiber sensor being able to monitor the entire outer circumference of the pipeline.

[0017] Through the arrangement of structures such as a linear drive mechanism and a second monitoring component, the second optical fiber transmitter and the second optical fiber receiver in the second monitoring component are arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the pipeline to be monitored, and the positions between the second optical fiber transmitter, the second optical fiber receiver and the pipeline to be monitored form a triangle. The second optical fiber transmitter transmits a light beam to the pipeline surface and then reflects it to the second optical fiber receiver. When the pipeline surface has a bumpy problem and the light beam cannot be accurately reflected to the second optical fiber receiver, a signal is fed back to the controller. At the same time, the second monitoring component is driven to move linearly and / or rotate by the linear drive mechanism and the rotary drive mechanism, thereby realizing comprehensive monitoring of the entire area to be monitored.

[0018] Through the arrangement of structures such as a cleaning component, a linear drive and a rotary drive mechanism, a flexible brush is arranged on the surface of a rotatable cleaning roller arranged in the cleaning component. Driven by the linear drive mechanism and the rotary drive mechanism, the cleaning component as a whole can drive the cleaning roller to move linearly and / or rotate on the outer peripheral surface of the pipeline to be monitored, thereby performing a comprehensive cleaning on the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored, thereby avoiding the influence of impurities attached to the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored on the monitoring effect. At the same time, the rotatable arrangement of the cleaning roller also avoids damage to the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention on the left side; Figure 2 The right side schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 The internal structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 The internal structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 It is an overall schematic diagram of the transmission structure of the present invention; Figure 8 The rotary drive mechanism and the connecting mechanism of the present invention are schematically shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Fig. 9 The rotary drive mechanism and the connecting mechanism of the present invention are schematically shown in FIG. Figure 1 ; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the linear drive mechanism of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface of the lower shell of the present invention; Fig.12It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the linear drive mechanism of the present invention; Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the second monitoring component of the present invention; Fig.14 For the present invention Fig.13 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Fig.15 For the present invention Fig.12 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Pipeline to be monitored; 2. Shell; 21. Upper shell; 22. Lower shell; 23. Monitoring chamber; 3. Rotating assembly; 31. Rotating motor; 32. Rotating shaft; 33. Driving gear; 34. Upper turntable; 35. Lower turntable; 36. Linkage rod; 37. Driven gear sleeve; 4. First monitoring component; 41. First optical fiber transmitter; 42. First optical fiber receiver; 43. Mounting plate; 44. First amplifier; 45. Fixing rod; 5. Connecting mechanism; 51. Rotating block; 52. Upper rotating seat; 53. Upper connecting plate; 54. Lower rotating seat; 55. Lower connecting plate; 6. Adjustment assembly; 61. Upper reinforcement plate; 62. Lower reinforcement plate; 63. Sealing pad; 64. Docking groove; 65. Docking block; 7. Moving assembly; 71. Upper rotating outer sleeve; 72. Lower rotating outer sleeve; 73. Upper rotating inner sleeve; 74. Lower rotating inner sleeve; 75. Transmission sleeve; 76. Linear motor; 77. Threaded rod; 8. Second monitoring component; 81. Second amplifier; 82. Second optical fiber transmitter; 83. Second optical fiber receiver; 84. Fixed bracket; 9. Cleaning assembly; 91. Adjustment plate; 92. Adjustment block; 93. Cleaning roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Embodiment 1: Figure 1-6 As shown, an oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on an optical fiber sensor comprises: The housing 2 includes an upper housing 21 and a lower housing 22. The upper housing 21 and the lower housing 22 are adapted to wrap the outer surface of the pipeline 1 to be monitored after docking. A monitoring chamber 23 is formed between the upper housing 21 and the lower housing 22 and the pipeline 1 to be monitored. The rotating assembly 3 includes a rotating drive mechanism and two sets of rotating disks, a linkage rod 36 is connected between the two sets of rotating disks, and the rotating disks are coaxially arranged with the pipeline 1 to be monitored and located in the monitoring chamber 23; At least one first monitoring component 4, the first monitoring component 4 includes a controller, a first amplifier 44, a first optical fiber transmitter 41 and a first optical fiber receiver 42, the first optical fiber transmitter 41 is installed on one of the turntables, and the first optical fiber receiver 42 is installed on the other turntable at a position corresponding to the first optical fiber transmitter 41; The rotary drive mechanism is connected to one of the rotating disks to drive the rotating disk and the other rotating disk to rotate, thereby driving the first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the corresponding first optical fiber receiver 42 to rotate synchronously with the axis of the pipeline to be monitored 1 as the center to monitor the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored 1, and feeding back the signal to the controller; A fixing rod 45 is connected between the two turntables, and a first amplifier 44 is mounted on the fixing rod 45 . The first amplifier 44 is connected to the first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the first optical fiber receiver 42 respectively through connecting wires, and the connecting wires are wound around the outer circumference of the fixing rod 45 .

[0023] like Figure 6 , Figure 8-9 As shown, the rotating assembly 3 includes two sets of connecting mechanisms 5, and the two sets of connecting mechanisms 5 correspond to the two sets of rotating disks respectively. The turntable is divided into an upper turntable 34 and a lower turntable 35, and the upper turntable 34 and the lower turntable 35 are detachably connected; Each set of connection mechanisms 5 includes an upper rotating seat 52, a lower rotating seat 54, an upper connecting plate 53 and a lower connecting plate 55. The upper rotating seat 52 and the lower rotating seat 54 are detachably connected and are located outside the pipeline 1 to be monitored. The upper connecting plate 53 and the lower connecting plate 55 are detachably connected and are located outside the pipeline 1 to be monitored. The two ends of the upper rotating seat 52 are respectively connected to the upper connecting plate 53 and the upper shell 21, and the two ends of the lower rotating seat 54 are respectively connected to the lower connecting plate 55 and the lower shell 22. After the upper rotating seat 52 and the lower rotating seat 54 are docked, they form a whole outside the pipeline 1 to be monitored. After the upper connecting plate 53 and the lower connecting plate 55 are docked, they form a whole outside the pipeline 1 to be monitored. The upper turntable 34 and the lower turntable 35 are both provided with rotating blocks 51, and the two rotating blocks 51 are respectively slidably arranged in the corresponding upper rotating seat 52 or the lower rotating seat 54. The upper turntable 34 and the lower turntable 35 are suitable for being driven by the rotating drive mechanism after docking to form an overall internal rotation after the upper rotating seat 52 and the lower rotating seat 54 are docked.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary motor 31, a rotating shaft 32, a driving gear 33 and a driven gear sleeve 37; The driven gear sleeve 37 is divided into an upper gear sleeve and a lower gear sleeve, the upper gear sleeve is connected to one of the upper rotating disks 34, and the lower gear sleeve is connected to the lower rotating disk 35 corresponding to the upper rotating disk 34. The upper gear sleeve and the lower gear sleeve are suitable for following the docking of the upper rotating disk 34 and the lower rotating disk 35 to form a completed driven gear sleeve 37; The rotating motor 31 is mounted on the upper housing 21 . The output shaft of the rotating motor 31 is connected to the rotating shaft 32 . The driving gear 33 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 32 . The driving gear 33 is meshed with the driven gear sleeve 37 .

[0025] like Figure 8-9 As shown, the monitoring device further includes an adjustment component 6, which includes two groups of reinforcement plates, which are respectively connected to two groups of connecting plates that form a whole after docking, and each group of reinforcement plates is divided into an upper reinforcement plate 61 and a lower reinforcement plate 62. The upper reinforcement plate 61 is connected to the corresponding upper connecting plate 53, and the lower reinforcement plate 62 is connected to the corresponding lower connecting plate 55; A docking groove 64 is provided in the upper reinforcing plate 61, and a docking block 65 is provided on the lower reinforcing plate 62. The docking block 65 is suitable for being inserted into the docking groove 64 to dock the upper reinforcing plate 61 and the lower reinforcing plate 62. A first threaded hole is provided on the upper reinforcing plate 61, and the first threaded hole is communicated with the docking groove 64. A second threaded hole is provided on the docking block 65 that penetrates the upper reinforcing plate 61, and the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole are suitable for passing bolts to fix the position of the docking block 65 in the docking groove 64. After the upper reinforcement plate 61 and the lower reinforcement plate 62 are connected, they are coaxially arranged with the pipeline to be monitored 1. The inner circles of the upper reinforcement plate 61 and the lower reinforcement plate 62 are in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the pipeline to be monitored 1. A sealing gasket 63 is arranged on the inner circles of the upper reinforcement plate 61 and the lower reinforcement plate 62 and the pipeline to be monitored 1.

[0026] like Figure 4-6 As shown, the first monitoring component 4 also includes a mounting plate 43 corresponding to the first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the first optical fiber receiver 42. The first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the first optical fiber receiver 42 are respectively connected to the corresponding turntable through the mounting plates 43 corresponding to each other. A sliding groove is provided in the mounting plate 43. The first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the first optical fiber receiver 42 are both slidably arranged in the corresponding sliding groove. The mounting plate 43 is provided with an adjustment groove which is communicated with the sliding groove. The housing 2 of the first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the first optical fiber receiver 42 are both provided with threaded holes, and the adjustment groove is suitable for passing bolts through and docking with corresponding threaded holes.

[0027] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: When in use, the monitoring device needs to be assembled as a whole outside the part of the pipeline that needs to be monitored. The whole device mainly includes a rotating component 3, a connecting mechanism 5, a first monitoring component 4, an upper shell 21 and a lower shell 22. When installing, since the monitoring device is installed outside the installed pipeline, it is not possible to use a sleeve installation method, but the components are divided into two parts and connected outside the pipeline, so that the part of the pipeline that needs to be monitored is installed in a wrapped and covered form. After the installation is completed, the first monitoring component 4 is used to monitor the part of the pipeline in real time; Specifically, the lower shell 22 is placed at the bottom of the pipeline 1 to be monitored, and then the parts of the two turntables located in the lower shell 22 are connected to the lower shell 22 through the connecting mechanism 5. The structures of the turntable and the connecting mechanism 5 are the same. The following takes the installation of a single-sided turntable as an example. The lower connecting plate 55 is connected to the lower shell 22 by bolts, and then the corresponding lower rotating seat 54 is connected to the lower connecting plate 55 by bolts. After the lower rotating seat 54 is installed, the corresponding rotating block 51 is inserted into the rotating groove in the lower rotating seat 54, and then the rotating block 51 and the corresponding lower turntable 35 are connected by bolts. In this way, the connection between the single-sided half turntable and the half connecting mechanism 5 and the lower shell 22 is completed. The half turntable and the half connecting mechanism 5 on the other side of the lower shell 22 adopt the same installation method. When the half connecting mechanism 5 and the turntable located in the lower shell 22 are installed, the back The upper connecting plate 53 and the lower connecting plate 55 in the upper shell 21 are connected by plugging or bolting, the upper rotating seat 52 and the lower rotating seat 54 are connected by plugging or bolting, and the upper turntable 34 and the lower turntable 35 are connected by plugging or bolting. At the same time, the upper turntable 34, the upper rotating seat 52 and the upper connecting plate 53 are fixed to each other by bolts, and the upper connecting plate 53 and the lower connecting plate 55, the upper rotating seat 52 and the lower rotating seat 54, and the upper turntable 34 and the lower turntable 35 are respectively formed into a whole by docking or bolting. It should be noted that when the upper turntable 34 and the lower turntable 35 are docked to form a complete ring, the corresponding rotating blocks 51 are also fitted together to form a complete ring, and the turntable as a whole can be rotated in the rotating seat by the rotating block 51; After the above installation steps are completed, the upper shell 21 is not connected to the upper connecting plate 53. In this state, the mounting plate 43 for fixing and adjusting the first monitoring component 4 is installed on the turntable. In this embodiment, only one group of the first monitoring component 4 is provided. A complete group of the first monitoring component 4 includes a first optical fiber transmitter 41, a first optical fiber receiver 42 and a first amplifier 44. The three as a whole form a complete opposed-type optical fiber sensor. The working principle of the opposed-type optical fiber sensor is the prior art and will not be described in detail here. An independent mounting plate 43 is respectively provided on the two turntables, and the first optical fiber sensor and the first optical fiber receiver 42 are respectively installed in the mounting plate 43. The light emitted by the first optical fiber sensor The beam must ensure that the first optical fiber receiver 42 can accurately receive it, and the light beam is a straight line located at a point on the outer surface of the pipeline 1 to be monitored. It is adjusted as close to the pipeline surface as possible while ensuring that the light beam will not be blocked by the pipeline to ensure the monitoring accuracy. The light beam needs to be parallel to the axis of the pipeline. The adjustment of the first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the first optical fiber receiver 42 in this part is achieved by sliding the adjustment position and fixing it in the mounting plate 43. The specific fixing method is that the bolt passes through the adjustment slot on the mounting plate 43 and enters the threaded hole on the first optical fiber transmitter 41 or the first optical fiber receiver 42 corresponding to the mounting plate 43 for fixing. In order to ensure the accuracy of position adjustment, a scale bar is provided on the mounting plate 43; After the first monitoring component 4 is installed, the upper shell 21 is docked with the upper connecting plate 53, so that the part of the pipeline to be monitored is in a relatively closed environment, and then the light beam emitted by the first optical fiber transmitter 41 is received by the first optical fiber receiver 42 to judge whether the surface of the pipeline to be monitored 1 has not been convexly deformed. When there is no convexity in the pipeline in the area where the light beam passes, the light beam can be normally received by the first optical fiber receiver 42. On the contrary, when deformation and convexity occur, the light beam is blocked, and the first optical fiber receiver 42 cannot receive the signal. At this time, the first optical fiber receiver 42 will feedback a signal to the controller to remind the staff that the part of the pipeline 1 to be monitored has convexity and needs to be repaired; Since only one set of first monitoring components 4 is provided in the present embodiment, it is impossible to monitor the outer surface of the entire pipeline, so a rotary drive mechanism is provided. The rotary drive mechanism causes the two turntables to rotate synchronously with the axis of the pipeline as the center, driving the first monitoring component 4 to rotate as a whole, and monitoring the outer surface of the entire pipeline to be monitored. When the rotary drive mechanism is started, the rotary motor 31 is controlled to work and drive the rotating shaft 32 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 32 drives the driving gear 33 to rotate in the upper shell 21. A driven gear sleeve 37 is provided on one of the turntables. The driven gear sleeve 37 is also divided into two parts, an upper gear sleeve and a lower gear sleeve, which are respectively fixed to the corresponding upper turntable 34 and lower turntable 35 by bolts. After being fixed, a complete driven gear sleeve 37 is formed and is connected to the driving gear 33. When the rotating motor 31 is working, it drives the driving gear 33 to rotate and then drives the driven gear sleeve 37 and the corresponding turntable of the driven gear sleeve 37 to start rotating. In order to ensure the synchronous rotation of the two turntables, a linkage rod 36 is connected between the two turntables. It should be noted that the installation of the linkage rod 36 should also be installed before the upper shell 21 closes the pipeline 1 to be monitored. The linkage rod 36 is located inside the upper shell 21 and the lower shell 22, so that the two turntables can rotate synchronously under the drive of the driving gear 33, thereby realizing the synchronous rotation of the first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the first optical fiber receiver 42, and comprehensively monitoring the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored. When the position of the emission and receiving ends of the light beam cannot be adjusted to the required accuracy, the emission and receiving positions of the light beam can be changed by elbows, etc.; It should be noted that a fixing rod 45 is connected between the two turntables. The fixing rod 45 rotates synchronously with the two turntables. The fixing rod 45 is used to fix the first amplifier 44 and the soft wires connected to the first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the first optical fiber receiver 42, and can also fix the power supply. In addition, an adjustment assembly 6 is also provided on both sides of the upper shell 21 and the lower shell 22. The adjustment assembly 6 mainly includes an upper reinforcement plate 61 and a lower reinforcement plate 62. The upper reinforcement plate 61 and the lower reinforcement plate 62 are the same size, but the sizes of the two can be replaced according to actual conditions. Since the size of the pipeline 1 to be monitored varies according to actual conditions, the upper shell 21 and the lower shell 22 cannot be stably clamped on the outside of the pipeline in some cases by simply docking, and cannot form a good fixation. Therefore, the upper reinforcement plate 61 and the lower reinforcement plate 62 can be docked. Different pipes are clamped and fixed in a manner, the upper reinforcing plate 61 is fixed to the upper connecting plate 53 by bolts, and the lower reinforcing plate 62 is fixed to the lower connecting plate 55 by bolts. After the two are fixed, the docking block 65 on the lower reinforcing plate 62 is inserted into the docking groove 64 in the upper reinforcing plate 61 for fixing. After the insertion is completed, the upper reinforcing plate 61 and the lower reinforcing plate 62 are fixed by bolts passing through the docking groove 64 and the docking block 65. The entire device is fixed by clamping the two reinforcing plates. At the same time, a reinforcing plate is also provided with The sealing gasket 63 increases the stability of the fixation, and the error of the installation and the size of the pipeline itself is eliminated by the retractable characteristics of the sealing gasket 63 itself. The fixation of the device by the upper reinforcing plate 61 and the lower reinforcing plate 62 is more flexible than the upper shell 21 and the lower shell 22. When the size of the pipeline is smaller than the clamping range of the lower shell 22 and the upper shell 21, it can be clamped and fixed by replacing the upper reinforcing plate 61 and the lower reinforcing plate 62 of different specifications. It should be noted that the replacement of the size of the upper reinforcing plate 61 and the lower reinforcing plate 62 is limited by the mounting plate 43. When the size of the pipeline 1 to be monitored is small and needs to be fixed by the reinforcement plate, the positions of the first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the first optical fiber receiver 42 should also be adjusted accordingly to ensure that the monitoring function can be played normally. When it exceeds the adjustment range of the mounting plate 43, it cannot work normally. At the same time, this setting is limited to the size of the pipeline 1 to be monitored that is smaller than the docking clamping range of the upper shell 21 and the lower shell 22. If it is too large, it cannot be processed by the reinforcement plate. It is necessary to ensure that the turntable and the connecting mechanism 5 and other parts can form a normal circle after docking.

[0028] Embodiment 2: Figure 10-14 As shown, this embodiment further includes the following structure based on the first embodiment: the monitoring device includes a moving component 7, and the moving component 7 includes a rotating outer sleeve, a rotating inner sleeve, at least one second monitoring component 8 and a linear drive mechanism; The rotating outer sleeve is arranged outside the pipeline 1 to be monitored, and the rotating inner sleeve is rotatably installed inside the rotating outer sleeve. The rotating inner sleeve is located outside the pipeline 1 to be monitored. The rotating inner sleeve is provided with a plurality of linkage holes penetrating through the rotating inner sleeve. The linkage rod 36 is fixedly nested in the linkage holes. The rotating inner sleeve and the rotating outer sleeve are both coaxially arranged with the pipeline 1 to be monitored. The second monitoring assembly 8 includes a second amplifier 81, a second optical fiber transmitter 82 and a second optical fiber receiver 83. The second amplifier 81 is installed inside the rotating inner sleeve. The second amplifier 81 is connected to the second optical fiber transmitter 82 and the second optical fiber receiver 83. The second optical fiber receiver 83 is connected to the controller. The second optical fiber transmitter 82 is suitable for irradiating a light beam on the outer surface of the pipeline 1 to be monitored, and then reflecting it to the second optical fiber receiver 83. The second optical fiber receiver 83 is suitable for feeding back the received signal to the controller. The second optical fiber transmitter 82 and the second optical fiber receiver 83 are respectively provided with fixing brackets 84, both fixing brackets 84 are connected to the second amplifier 81, and the two fixing brackets 84 are respectively suitable for fixing the position and angle of the second optical fiber transmitter 82 or the second optical fiber receiver 83; The linear drive mechanism is connected to the rotating outer sleeve so as to drive the rotating outer sleeve to move linearly along the axial direction of the pipeline 1 to be monitored in the monitoring chamber 23 .

[0029] like Figure 12-13 As shown, the rotating inner sleeve is divided into an upper rotating inner sleeve 73 and a lower rotating inner sleeve 74, and the upper rotating inner sleeve 73 and the lower rotating inner sleeve 74 are detachably connected and are both located outside the pipeline 1 to be monitored; The rotating outer shell is divided into an upper rotating outer shell 71 and a lower rotating outer shell 72. The upper rotating outer shell 71 and the lower rotating outer shell 72 are detachably connected and are both located outside the pipeline 1 to be monitored. The upper rotating inner sleeve 73 is arranged inside the upper rotating outer sleeve 71, and the lower rotating inner sleeve 74 is arranged inside the lower rotating outer sleeve 72. The lower rotating inner sleeve 74 and the upper rotating inner sleeve 73 are suitable for being connected with each other and rotating together to form an integral interior after the upper rotating outer sleeve 71 and the lower rotating outer sleeve 72 are connected.

[0030] like Fig.11 As shown, the linear drive mechanism includes a transmission sleeve 75, a linear motor 76 and a threaded rod 77; The linear motor 76 is installed on the lower shell 22, the threaded rod 77 is rotatably installed in the lower shell 22, the transmission sleeve 75 is assembled on the outside of the threaded rod 77, the transmission sleeve 75 is connected to the lower rotating outer sleeve 72, and the linear motor 76 is connected to the threaded rod 77 to drive the threaded rod 77 to rotate, thereby driving the transmission sleeve 75 to move along the axial direction of the threaded rod 77.

[0031] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: The first monitoring component 4 can comprehensively monitor whether there is convex deformation on the outer surface of the pipeline under the drive of the rotating drive mechanism, but it cannot accurately monitor the presence of depression in the pipeline, and it is also impossible to locate the approximate position of the deformation, which is not convenient for subsequent maintenance and other work; Therefore, a linear component and a second monitoring component 8 are provided, and the linear component includes a rotating inner sleeve and a rotating outer sleeve for installing the second monitoring component 8 and a linear driving mechanism for driving the rotating outer sleeve to move as a whole. The rotating inner sleeve and the rotating outer sleeve are also divided into two halves, namely an upper rotating inner sleeve 73, a lower rotating inner sleeve 74, an upper rotating outer sleeve 71 and a lower rotating outer sleeve 72. The lower rotating inner sleeve 74 is rotatably arranged in the lower rotating outer sleeve 72, and the upper rotating inner sleeve 73 is rotatably arranged in the upper rotating inner sleeve 73. During installation, the lower rotating outer sleeve 72 needs to be placed between the lower shell 22 and the pipeline 1 to be monitored, and the upper rotating outer sleeve 71 needs to be placed between the upper shell 21 and the pipeline 1 to be monitored. Before covering the shell 21, the upper rotating outer sleeve 71 and the lower rotating outer sleeve 72 are placed. The upper rotating inner sleeve 73 and the lower rotating inner sleeve 74 are also connected by plugging or bolting. After the connection, the rotating inner sleeve and the rotating outer sleeve are a complete ring. The rotating inner sleeve can rotate inside the rotating outer sleeve, and the second monitoring component 8 is installed inside the rotating inner sleeve. The rotating inner sleeve is connected to the linkage rod 36. When the rotary drive mechanism drives the turntable to rotate, the rotating inner sleeve can be driven to rotate synchronously, thereby achieving the effect of the second monitoring component 8 rotating with the pipeline axis as the center and fully monitoring. It should be noted that the connection between the linkage rod 36 and the rotating inner sleeve can be made by opening a hole on the rotating inner sleeve, and the linkage rod 36 passes through and is fixed by bolts; At the same time, the linear drive mechanism provided inside the lower shell 22 can drive the threaded rod 77 to rotate by starting the linear motor 76, and the threaded rod 77 drives the transmission sleeve 75 assembled on the outside to move linearly, and the transmission sleeve 75 is connected to the lower rotating outer sleeve 72, so it can drive the entire rotating outer sleeve, the rotating inner sleeve and the second monitoring component 8 to move linearly after docking. The transmission sleeve 75 and the rotating outer sleeve can be connected by bolts, and the transmission sleeve 75 and the threaded rod 77 can be assembled by ball nuts. The threaded rod 77 drives the transmission sleeve 75 to move linearly under the rotation of the threaded rod 77. This is a prior art, and its working principle will not be described in detail here. The second monitoring component 8 can be driven by the rotation drive mechanism and the linear drive mechanism to move linearly or rotate alone, or the linear and rotational movements can be performed synchronously, so as to realize comprehensive monitoring of the outer surface of the pipeline in the three movement modes; In this embodiment, the second monitoring component 8 is a second optical fiber transmitter 82, a second optical fiber receiver 83 and a second amplifier 81. The first monitoring component 4 and the second monitoring component 8 have the same working principle, both of which are opposite-radiation optical fiber sensors. The entire second monitoring component 8 is installed inside the rotating inner sleeve and moves with the rotating inner sleeve. Unlike the first monitoring component 4, the second optical fiber transmitter 82 and the second optical fiber receiver 83 of the second monitoring component 8 are respectively fixed at adjusted angles by corresponding fixing brackets 84. The angles of the two need to satisfy that the second optical fiber transmitter 82 and the second optical fiber receiver 83 are respectively perpendicular to the axis of the pipeline, and the second optical fiber transmitter 82 and the second optical fiber receiver 83 are respectively perpendicular to the axis of the pipeline, and the second optical fiber transmitter 82 and the second optical fiber receiver 83 are respectively perpendicular to the axis of the pipeline. After the light beam from the emitter 82 is emitted, it is reflected on the outer surface of the pipe to the second optical fiber receiver 83. The three are distributed in a triangle shape. When the second monitoring component 8 moves as a whole, the surface of the pipe is monitored in real time. When there is no deformation on the surface, the second optical fiber receiver 83 can receive the light beam normally. When there is a concave or convex deformation on the surface, the deformed surface cannot accurately reflect the light beam to the position of the second optical fiber receiver 83. At this time, the second optical fiber receiver 83 cannot receive the light beam and feeds back a signal to the controller. Since the second optical fiber receiver 83 monitors a specific point, it is more convenient to locate the subsequent maintenance work. In another embodiment, the second monitoring component 8 is a displacement sensor, and the distance from the displacement sensor to the pipeline 1 to be monitored is theoretically taken as the threshold value. The value from the displacement sensor to the normal surface of the pipeline is relatively fixed, and the distances from each surface to the displacement sensor are relatively small and within the range of the threshold value. When the surface is deformed with a depression or a protrusion, a large deviation from the initially set threshold value occurs. When a large deviation is detected, it is defined as deformation, and a signal is fed back to the controller, and a maintenance prompt is prompted. No matter which second monitoring component 8 is used, it can cooperate with the rotary drive mechanism and the linear drive mechanism to perform comprehensive monitoring on the monitored pipeline 1. In addition, an inkjet marking component can be provided, which includes a nozzle and an ink cartridge. When deformation is detected, the coating in the ink cartridge is sprayed on the deformed part through the nozzle to facilitate subsequent maintenance work. This component is not shown in the figure. It should be noted that the first monitoring component 4 and the second monitoring component 8 can perform monitoring work at the same time, and the rotating inner sleeve will not block the first monitoring component 4 within the range of the position adjustment of the first monitoring component 4 through the mounting plate 43.

[0032] Embodiment 3: Fig.15 As shown, this embodiment further includes the following structure based on the first embodiment: at least one cleaning assembly 9 is connected to the rotating inner sleeve, and the cleaning assembly 9 includes an adjustment plate 91, an adjustment block 92 and a cleaning roller 93; The adjusting plate 91 is connected to the rotating inner sleeve, a slide groove is provided in the adjusting plate 91, the adjusting block 92 is slidably arranged in the slide groove, one side of the adjusting block 92 is connected to an adjusting screw, a limiting groove is provided on the adjusting plate 91, the limiting groove is communicated with the slide groove, the adjusting screw is slidably arranged in the limiting groove, and the adjusting screw is suitable for threading a nut and fixing the adjusting plate 91; The cleaning roller 93 is rotatably mounted on the adjusting block 92 . The outer peripheral surface of the cleaning roller 93 is provided with a soft brush. The cleaning roller 93 is suitable for rotating with the rotating inner sleeve to clean the outer surface of the pipeline 1 to be monitored.

[0033] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: When the pipeline 1 to be monitored is monitored by the first monitoring component 4 and the second monitoring component 8, the monitoring may be inaccurate due to impurities attached to the surface of the pipeline or impurities accumulated in the pit after the depression and deformation, so a cleaning component 9 is provided; The cleaning assembly 9 is arranged on the rotating inner sleeve and rotates with the rotating inner sleeve. Whether it is installed on the upper rotating inner sleeve 73 or the lower rotating inner sleeve 74 can be freely selected according to actual conditions. The cleaning assembly 9 includes an adjustment plate 91, an adjustment block 92 and a cleaning roller 93. The adjustment plate 91 and the rotating inner sleeve can be fixed by bolts. The adjustment block 92 is slidably arranged in the adjustment plate 91. The cleaning roller 93 rotates on the adjustment block 92. The surface of the cleaning roller 93 is provided with a flexible brush and can rotate due to the rotating installation. The distance between the cleaning roller 93 and the pipeline can be changed by sliding the adjustment block 92 in the adjustment plate 91 to prevent the cleaning roller 93 from damaging the surface of the pipeline during the cleaning process. An adjusting screw is provided on one side of the adjusting block 92. The adjusting screw follows the movement of the adjusting block 92 and is slidably arranged in the limiting groove of the adjusting plate 91. When the adjusting block 92 moves to a desired position, a nut is threadedly connected to the adjusting screw and rotated to press the adjusting plate 91 to achieve fixation between the adjusting plate 91 and the adjusting block 92. When the cleaning roller 93 moves with the rotating inner sleeve driven by the rotary drive mechanism and the linear drive mechanism, the outer surface of the pipeline to be inspected can be comprehensively cleaned. When the cleaning roller 93 itself can rotate, it is more flexible than a fixed setting. When the cleaning component 9 is driven to move linearly or rotate as a whole, the cleaning roller 93 is blocked by impurities and drives itself to rotate to a certain extent, avoiding excessive contact with the pipeline surface and damaging the surface. When impurities accumulate in concave and deformed places, the impurities in the concave places can be better removed by slightly rotating itself, and the monitoring accuracy can be higher under the cleaning action.

[0034] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring deformation of an oil and gas pipeline based on an optical fiber sensor, comprising the following steps: S1, docking the upper shell 21 and the lower shell 22 outside the part to be monitored in the pipeline 1 to be monitored, starting the first monitoring assembly 4 located on the turntable, emitting a light beam through the first optical fiber transmitter 41 and receiving the light beam through the first optical fiber receiver 42, the direct light beam is located above the surface of the pipeline 1 to be monitored, when a bulge appears on the surface of the pipeline 1 to be monitored and blocks the light beam, the first optical fiber receiver 42 cannot receive the light beam and then feeds back information to the controller; S2. Start the rotary drive mechanism to drive one of the turntables to rotate, and the turntable drives the other turntable to rotate through the linkage rod 36, thereby driving the first optical fiber transmitter 41 and the first optical fiber receiver 42 respectively located on the two turntables to rotate with the axis of the pipeline to be monitored 1 as the center, so as to perform real-time monitoring of the entire outer surface of the portion to be monitored of the pipeline to be monitored 1.

[0035] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor, characterized in that: include: A housing (2), the housing (2) comprising an upper housing (21) and a lower housing (22), the upper housing (21) and the lower housing (22) being adapted to wrap around the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored (1) after docking, and a monitoring chamber (23) being formed between the upper housing (21) and the lower housing (22) and the pipeline to be monitored (1); A rotating assembly (3), the rotating assembly (3) comprising a rotating drive mechanism and two sets of rotating disks, a linkage rod (36) being connected between the two sets of rotating disks, the rotating disks being coaxially arranged with the pipeline to be monitored (1) and being located in the monitoring chamber (23); at least one first monitoring component (4), the first monitoring component (4) comprising a controller, a first amplifier (44), a first optical fiber transmitter (41) and a first optical fiber receiver (42), the first optical fiber transmitter (41) being mounted on one of the turntables, and the first optical fiber receiver (42) being mounted on the other turntable at a position corresponding to the first optical fiber transmitter (41); The rotary drive mechanism is connected to one of the rotating disks to drive the rotating disk and the other rotating disk to rotate, thereby driving the first optical fiber transmitter (41) and the corresponding first optical fiber receiver (42) to rotate synchronously with the axis of the pipeline to be monitored (1) as the center to monitor the outer surface of the pipeline to be monitored (1), and feeding back the signal to the controller; A fixing rod (45) is connected between the two rotating disks, the first amplifier (44) is mounted on the fixing rod (45), and the first amplifier (44) is respectively connected to the first optical fiber transmitter (41) and the first optical fiber receiver (42) via connecting wires, the connecting wires being wound around the outer circumference of the fixing rod (45).

2. The oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rotating assembly (3) comprises two groups of connecting mechanisms (5), the two groups of connecting mechanisms (5) respectively corresponding to the two groups of rotating disks. The turntable is divided into an upper turntable (34) and a lower turntable (35), and the upper turntable (34) and the lower turntable (35) are detachably connected; Each group of the connecting mechanisms (5) comprises an upper rotating seat (52), a lower rotating seat (54), an upper connecting plate (53) and a lower connecting plate (55); the upper rotating seat (52) and the lower rotating seat (54) are detachably connected and are located outside the pipeline (1) to be monitored; the upper connecting plate (53) and the lower connecting plate (55) are detachably connected and are located outside the pipeline (1) to be monitored; two ends of the upper rotating seat (52) are respectively connected to the upper connecting plate (53) and the upper shell (21); two ends of the lower rotating seat (54) are respectively connected to the lower connecting plate (55) and the lower shell (22); the upper rotating seat (52) and the lower rotating seat (54) are connected to form a whole outside the pipeline (1) to be monitored; and the upper connecting plate (53) and the lower connecting plate (55) are connected to form a whole outside the pipeline (1) to be monitored; The upper turntable (34) and the lower turntable (35) are both provided with a rotating block (51), and the two rotating blocks (51) are respectively slidably arranged in the corresponding upper rotating seat (52) or the lower rotating seat (54), and the upper turntable (34) and the lower turntable (35) are adapted to be connected and driven by the rotating drive mechanism to form an integral internal rotation after the upper rotating seat (52) and the lower rotating seat (54) are connected.

3. The oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rotary drive mechanism comprises a rotary motor (31), a rotary shaft (32), a driving gear (33) and a driven gear sleeve (37); The driven gear sleeve (37) is divided into an upper gear sleeve and a lower gear sleeve, the upper gear sleeve is connected to one of the upper rotating disks (34), and the lower gear sleeve is connected to the lower rotating disk (35) corresponding to the upper rotating disk (34), and the upper gear sleeve and the lower gear sleeve are suitable for following the docking of the upper rotating disk (34) and the lower rotating disk (35) to form the completed driven gear sleeve (37); The rotating motor (31) is mounted on the upper housing (21); the output shaft of the rotating motor (31) is connected to the rotating shaft (32); the driving gear (33) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft (32); and the driving gear (33) is meshed with the driven gear sleeve (37).

4. The oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The monitoring device further comprises an adjustment component (6), wherein the adjustment component (6) comprises two groups of reinforcement plates, wherein the two groups of reinforcement plates are respectively connected to two groups of connecting plates that are connected to form an integral body, and each group of reinforcement plates is divided into an upper reinforcement plate (61) and a lower reinforcement plate (62), wherein the upper reinforcement plate (61) is connected to the corresponding upper connecting plate (53), and the lower reinforcement plate (62) is connected to the corresponding lower connecting plate (55); The upper reinforcing plate (61) is provided with a docking groove (64), the lower reinforcing plate (62) is provided with a docking block (65), the docking block (65) is suitable for being inserted into the docking groove (64) to dock the upper reinforcing plate (61) and the lower reinforcing plate (62), the upper reinforcing plate (61) is provided with a first threaded hole, the first threaded hole is communicated with the docking groove (64), the docking block (65) is provided with a second threaded hole penetrating the upper reinforcing plate (61), the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole are suitable for passing bolts to fix the position of the docking block (65) in the docking groove (64); After the upper reinforcing plate (61) and the lower reinforcing plate (62) are butt-jointed, they are coaxially arranged with the pipeline to be monitored (1); the inner rings of the upper reinforcing plate (61) and the lower reinforcing plate (62) are in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the pipeline to be monitored (1); and a sealing gasket (63) is arranged on the inner rings of the upper reinforcing plate (61) and the lower reinforcing plate (62) in contact with the pipeline to be monitored (1).

5. The oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The first monitoring component (4) further comprises a mounting plate (43) corresponding to the first optical fiber transmitter (41) and the first optical fiber receiver (42); the first optical fiber transmitter (41) and the first optical fiber receiver (42) are respectively connected to the corresponding turntable via the mounting plate (43) corresponding to each other; a sliding groove is provided in the mounting plate (43); the first optical fiber transmitter (41) and the first optical fiber receiver (42) are both slidably arranged in the corresponding sliding groove; The mounting plate (43) is provided with an adjustment groove, the adjustment groove being in communication with the sliding groove, and the housing (2) portions of the first optical fiber transmitter (41) and the first optical fiber receiver (42) are both provided with threaded holes, the adjustment groove being suitable for passing bolts through and docking with the corresponding threaded holes.

6. The oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The monitoring device comprises a moving component (7), wherein the moving component (7) comprises a rotating outer sleeve, a rotating inner sleeve, at least one second monitoring component (8) and a linear drive mechanism; The rotating outer sleeve is arranged outside the pipeline to be monitored (1), and the rotating inner sleeve is rotatably mounted inside the rotating outer sleeve. The rotating inner sleeve is located outside the pipeline to be monitored (1). The rotating inner sleeve is provided with a plurality of linkage holes penetrating the rotating inner sleeve. The linkage rod (36) is fixedly embedded in the linkage holes. The rotating inner sleeve and the rotating outer sleeve are both arranged coaxially with the pipeline to be monitored (1); The second monitoring component (8) comprises a second amplifier (81), a second optical fiber transmitter (82) and a second optical fiber receiver (83); the second amplifier (81) is installed inside the rotating inner sleeve; the second amplifier (81) is connected to the second optical fiber transmitter (82) and the second optical fiber receiver (83); the second optical fiber receiver (83) is connected to the controller; the second optical fiber transmitter (82) is suitable for irradiating a light beam onto the outer surface of the pipeline (1) to be monitored, and then reflecting the light beam onto the second optical fiber receiver (83); the second optical fiber receiver (83) is suitable for feeding back the received signal to the controller; The second optical fiber transmitter (82) and the second optical fiber receiver (83) are respectively provided with fixing brackets (84), the two fixing brackets (84) are both connected to the second amplifier (81), and the two fixing brackets (84) are respectively suitable for fixing the position and angle of the second optical fiber transmitter (82) or the second optical fiber receiver (83); The linear drive mechanism is connected to the rotating outer sleeve so as to be suitable for driving the rotating outer sleeve to move linearly along the axial direction of the pipeline (1) to be monitored in the monitoring chamber (23).

7. The oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The rotating inner sleeve is divided into an upper rotating inner sleeve (73) and a lower rotating inner sleeve (74), the upper rotating inner sleeve (73) and the lower rotating inner sleeve (74) are detachably connected and are both located outside the pipeline (1) to be monitored; The rotating outer casing is divided into an upper rotating outer casing (71) and a lower rotating outer casing (72), the upper rotating outer casing (71) and the lower rotating outer casing (72) are detachably connected and are both located outside the pipeline (1) to be monitored; The upper rotating inner sleeve (73) is arranged inside the upper rotating outer sleeve (71), and the lower rotating inner sleeve (74) is arranged inside the lower rotating outer sleeve (72). The lower rotating inner sleeve (74) and the upper rotating inner sleeve (73) are adapted to be connected with each other and then rotated together to be arranged inside the upper rotating outer sleeve (71) and the lower rotating outer sleeve (72) to form an integral body after the connection.

8. The oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The linear drive mechanism comprises a transmission sleeve (75), a linear motor (76) and a threaded rod (77); The linear motor (76) is mounted on the lower housing (22), the threaded rod (77) is rotatably mounted in the lower housing (22), the transmission sleeve (75) is assembled on the outside of the threaded rod (77), the transmission sleeve (75) is connected to the lower rotating outer sleeve (72), and the linear motor (76) is connected to the threaded rod (77) to drive the threaded rod (77) to rotate, thereby driving the transmission sleeve (75) to move along the axial direction of the threaded rod (77).

9. The oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor according to claim 8 is characterized in that: At least one cleaning assembly (9) is connected to the rotating inner sleeve, and the cleaning assembly (9) comprises an adjustment plate (91), an adjustment block (92) and a cleaning roller (93); The adjusting plate (91) is connected to the rotating inner sleeve, a sliding groove is provided in the adjusting plate (91), the adjusting block (92) is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, one side of the adjusting block (92) is connected to an adjusting screw, a limiting groove is provided on the adjusting plate (91), the limiting groove is communicated with the sliding groove, the adjusting screw is slidably arranged in the limiting groove, and the adjusting screw is suitable for being threadedly connected to a nut and fixed to the adjusting plate (91); The cleaning roller (93) is rotatably mounted on the adjusting block (92); the outer peripheral surface of the cleaning roller (93) is provided with a soft brush; the cleaning roller (93) is suitable for rotating with the rotating inner sleeve to clean the outer surface of the pipeline (1) to be monitored.

10. A method for monitoring deformation of an oil and gas pipeline based on an optical fiber sensor, using the oil and gas pipeline deformation monitoring device based on an optical fiber sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, docking the upper shell (21) and the lower shell (22) at the outside of the part to be monitored in the pipeline (1) to be monitored, starting the first monitoring component (4) located on the turntable, emitting a light beam through the first optical fiber transmitter (41) and receiving the light beam through the first optical fiber receiver (42), the direct light beam being located above the surface of the pipeline (1) to be monitored, and when a bulge is generated on the surface of the pipeline (1) to be monitored and blocks the light beam, the first optical fiber receiver (42) cannot receive the light beam and feeds back information to the controller; S2. Start the rotary drive mechanism to drive one of the rotating disks to rotate, and the rotating disk drives the other rotating disk to rotate through the linkage rod (36), thereby driving the first optical fiber transmitter (41) and the first optical fiber receiver (42) respectively located on the two rotating disks to rotate with the axis of the pipeline to be monitored (1) as the center, so as to perform real-time monitoring of the entire outer surface of the portion to be monitored of the pipeline to be monitored (1).

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