Artificial dirt for insulator dirt simulation and preparation method thereof

Abstract

According to the artificial dirt for insulator dirt simulation and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention, the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing kaolin, diatomite and carbon black according to a first preset proportion, sequentially carrying out grinding, screening and ball milling treatment to form a uniform solid mixture, and then drying to obtain an artificial dirt substrate; according to predetermined artificial pollution element components and target pollution grades thereof, various soluble salts of the artificial pollution element components are selected, mixed according to a second preset proportion corresponding to the target pollution grades and then dissolved in deionized water, and a salt solution is formed; the method comprises the following steps: determining preset parts of an artificial substrate according to artificial pollution element components, adding the artificial substrate into a salt solution, uniformly stirring, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and drying to obtain the artificial pollution sample with multi-element ratio. Compared with a traditional single sodium chloride simulation method, the method has the advantages that more accurate pollution simulation is provided, and the accuracy of pollution degree evaluation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of insulator contamination detection, and in particular to artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The power industry usually characterizes the pollution level of the insulator surface by equivalent salt density and ash density. Before performing pollution classification, it is necessary to simulate the configuration of artificial pollution. The current standard method mainly simulates the soluble and insoluble pollution on the insulator surface by sodium chloride and diatomaceous earth / kaolin respectively, and makes judgments based on the conductivity change after the pollution is dissolved and the weight of insoluble pollution. Although this method provides certain conveniences in pollution research, it also has obvious shortcomings, especially in simulating pollution components. Due to differences in different regions, environments and pollution sources, the chemical composition of pollution particles varies greatly, and the current method only relies on a single substance (such as sodium chloride) to represent soluble matter, which ignores the conductivity influence of other complex components and cannot truly reflect the diversity of the actual pollution environment. Therefore, there are still certain defects in the research on pollution degree assessment and pollution flashover mechanism, and the formulation of anti-pollution flashover strategies lacks scientific basis.

[0003] In order to make up for these shortcomings, in recent years, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technology has gradually attracted attention in the field of insulator contamination detection. As a spectral analysis technology for rapid detection of elemental composition, LIBS has excellent in-situ analysis capabilities, can quickly analyze the elemental composition in contamination, and provide accurate basis for determining the contamination level. However, the current artificial contamination configuration method still only includes a single sodium chloride, which fails to meet the needs of multi-element composition. This makes the analysis performed by LIBS have a large gap with the multi-element composition of actual contamination, limiting its application in actual contamination detection. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical defects, especially the technical defect that the current artificial pollution configuration method in the prior art still only includes a single sodium chloride and fails to meet the requirements of multi-element composition.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation, the method comprising:

[0006] Mixing kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black in a first preset ratio, grinding, screening and ball milling in sequence to form a uniform solid mixture and then drying to obtain an artificial dirt base;

[0007] According to the predetermined artificial pollution element components and their target pollution levels, various soluble salts of the artificial pollution element components are selected, mixed in a second preset ratio corresponding to the target pollution level, and dissolved in deionized water to form a salt solution;

[0008] After the preset number of artificial substrates is determined according to the elemental composition of artificial pollution, they are added into the salt solution, stirred evenly, and dried after ultrasonic treatment to obtain an artificial pollution sample with a multi-element ratio.

[0009] In one embodiment, the steps of mixing kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black in a first preset ratio, grinding, screening and ball milling in sequence to form a uniform solid mixture and then drying to obtain an artificial dirt base include:

[0010] The first preset ratio of kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black is pre-grinded and mixed in an agate mortar, and then passed through a 100-mesh molecular sieve to obtain mixed particles with a uniform particle size of 150 microns;

[0011] After the mixed particles were fully ground by a planetary ball mill, the mixing time was 15 min to form a uniform solid mixture;

[0012] The uniform solid mixture was dried at 60°C for 20 minutes to obtain an artificial soiled substrate.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first preset ratio is 10 parts by mass of kaolin, 10 parts by mass of diatomaceous earth and 10 parts by mass of carbon black.

[0014] In one embodiment, if the various soluble salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, the deionized water is 100 mL.

[0015] In one embodiment, the preset number of portions of the artificial substrate is 50 portions, the stirring speed is 200 rpm, the stirring time is 45 minutes, the ultrasonic treatment time is 15 minutes, and the drying temperature is 60°C.

[0016] In one embodiment, if the various soluble salts include ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate, the amount of deionized water is 50 mL.

[0017] In one embodiment, the artificial substrate is 30 parts, the stirring speed is 300 rpm, the stirring time is 50 minutes, the ultrasonic treatment time is 50 minutes, and the drying temperature is 80°C.

[0018] In one embodiment, if the various soluble salts include magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate, the amount of deionized water is 80 mL.

[0019] In one embodiment, the artificial substrate is 50 parts, the stirring speed is 400 rpm, the stirring time is 20 minutes, the ultrasonic treatment time is 30 minutes, and the drying temperature is 90°C.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present application provides an artificial pollution for insulator pollution simulation, where the artificial pollution is prepared by using the steps of the artificial pollution preparation method for insulator pollution simulation as described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0021] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0022] The artificial pollution preparation method for insulator pollution simulation provided in the present application effectively makes up for the shortcomings of existing simulation methods in terms of component uniformity and representativeness. By mixing different solid substances such as kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black in a preset proportion to form a uniform artificial pollution base, and combining the preset elemental composition and target pollution level, it is treated with a multi-element salt solution, which can more realistically simulate the diverse pollution components in the natural environment. Through this method, not only can the complexity of the pollution components be accurately reflected, but also the proportion of elemental components can be adjusted according to different pollution level requirements, thereby providing more reliable and scientific samples for pollution detection based on LIBS technology. Compared with the traditional single sodium chloride simulation method, this method provides a more accurate pollution simulation and improves the accuracy of pollution assessment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 The multi-element spectra of different artificial pollution samples provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 A graph showing the intensity variation of the metallic sodium element spectrum in different artificial pollution samples provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 The conductivity change curve in the presence of different soluble salts provided in the examples of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5An example diagram of the impact of different types of contamination on grade classification accuracy provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides an artificial contamination preparation method for insulator contamination simulation, the method comprising:

[0031] S101: kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black are mixed in a first preset ratio, and processed by grinding, screening and ball milling in sequence to form a uniform solid mixture, and then dried to obtain an artificial dirt base.

[0032] Among them, kaolin is a white or grayish-white clay mineral, the main component of which is bauxite. It is used as an insoluble particulate matter in pollution simulation. Diatomaceous earth is a mineral composed of diatom fossils, which has a high porosity and surface area. In pollution simulation, it helps to simulate the physical properties of surface pollution. Carbon black is a black particle formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter. It has a high surface area and is used as a carrier for adsorption and chemical reactions. It is used for the black particle part in pollution simulation. Artificial substrates are used to carry dissolved salts and provide necessary structural support. Grinding refers to the process of crushing a substance into smaller particles by mechanical force, aiming to reduce the particle size and increase the specific surface area of ​​the substance. Screening refers to the process of separating particles by size using a screen to ensure the uniformity of the particles and the required particle distribution. Ball milling refers to the process of placing the material together with the sphere in a rotating container, and further crushing the material by the impact and friction of the sphere, which is used to refine the particle size of the material. Drying refers to heating the material to a certain temperature, evaporating its moisture, and turning it into a dry state.

[0033] In this step, kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black are first mixed in a preset ratio, thereby ensuring that the different substances have a scientific ratio in composition, which can simulate the multiple components in actual pollution. After mixing, it is necessary to grind and then screen to remove unsuitable particles to ensure the uniformity of the particles, and finally to further refine the particles through ball milling to increase their specific surface area and reaction capacity. After that, the moisture is removed by drying, and the material is dried to obtain a uniform artificial pollution base.

[0034] In one example, the solid material can be initially ground using a grinder according to standard laboratory operations, and suitable particles are screened out using a sieve. Then, the particles are further refined using a ball mill, and finally the mixture is dried in an oven to the desired humidity to ensure its stability and uniformity.

[0035] It can be understood that mechanical treatments such as grinding, screening, and ball milling can not only effectively reduce the size of the particles and make them more uniform, but also significantly increase their specific surface area, which is crucial for simulating the physical properties of pollution. In addition, the drying step removes moisture from the material, preventing unstable or uneven samples caused by uneven moisture. Ultimately, the resulting uniform solid mixture can provide stable physical properties as an artificial pollution base, ensuring the reliability and repeatability of subsequent simulation experiments.

[0036] S102: According to the predetermined artificial pollution element components and their target pollution levels, various soluble salts of the artificial pollution element components are selected, mixed in a second preset ratio corresponding to the target pollution level, and dissolved in deionized water to form a salt solution.

[0037] Among them, artificial pollution element composition refers to the elements or compound components used for simulation, such as chlorine, sulfur, calcium, etc., which are predetermined based on the common pollutants in the actual pollution environment. The target pollution level refers to the pollution level or concentration level that artificial pollution needs to reach during the simulation process, determined by the pollution level assessment standard, to reflect the impact of pollution of different degrees. Soluble salt refers to salt compounds that can be completely dissolved in water, and is used to simulate the conductivity characteristics of soluble components in pollution. Deionized water refers to water in which all dissolved ions have been removed through the deionization process. It has extremely low conductivity and is used in experiments to ensure the purity of the solution without affecting the reaction of other dissolved substances. Salt solution refers to a liquid solution formed by dissolving soluble salts in water. It has specific conductivity and chemical properties and is used to simulate the impact of pollution after dissolution.

[0038] In this step, you first need to select a suitable soluble salt based on the pre-set target pollution level and elemental composition. Depending on the target pollution level, the type and proportion of salt selected will also be different, which may include sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, etc. By adjusting the type and proportion of salt, the changes in different pollution concentrations and components can be simulated. After mixing these salts in a preset proportion, add them to deionized water for dissolution to ensure that the salt is completely dissolved without precipitation, forming a salt solution with specific conductivity and chemical properties. During the dissolution process, a magnetic stirrer or ultrasonic equipment can be used to accelerate the dissolution of the salt, making it quick and uniform. The salt solution treated in this way can be used to simulate different pollution environments to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of each experiment.

[0039] In one example, if the target pollution level requires simulating a medium concentration of soluble pollution, a certain ratio of sodium chloride and sodium nitrate can be selected, mixed in the target ratio, added to deionized water, and stirred until completely dissolved. At this point, the conductivity of the salt solution will correspond to a specific pollution level, thus providing a controllable and standardized experimental material for pollution simulation.

[0040] It can be understood that using deionized water as a solvent can avoid ion interference in water, ensure the purity and accuracy of the solution, and make the experimental results more reliable and consistent. In addition, adjusting the proportion of salt according to the requirements of the target pollution level can accurately control the conductivity of the solution and further simulate different degrees of pollution environments.

[0041] S103: After the preset number of artificial substrates is determined according to the elemental composition of the artificial pollution, the artificial substrates are added into the salt solution, stirred evenly, and dried after ultrasonic treatment to obtain an artificial pollution sample with a multi-element ratio.

[0042] Among them, ultrasonic treatment refers to the use of high-frequency vibrations of ultrasound to generate tiny bubbles or pressure waves to help accelerate the mixing, penetration or dissolution process of substances in the solution.

[0043] In this step, first, the preset number of artificial substrates required is determined based on the elemental composition of the artificial pollution. This number can be determined based on the scale of the experiment and the pollution concentration required to be simulated. Subsequently, these substrates are added to the pre-prepared salt solution and stirred thoroughly so that the salt is evenly attached to the surface of the substrate. After stirring evenly, ultrasonic treatment is used to further accelerate the combination of salt and substrate. Ultrasonic waves can produce tiny bubbles and high-pressure fluctuations, allowing the salt to penetrate deeper into the surface of the substrate and improve its adhesion effect. Finally, the treated mixture is dried to remove excess water to ensure that the salt is firmly attached to the artificial substrate. The resulting sample can be used as an artificial pollution sample with a multi-element ratio to simulate a real pollution environment.

[0044] In one example, if you need to simulate a medium concentration of contamination, you can choose a suitable salt solution based on the elemental composition and mix it with kaolin in a preset ratio and number of parts. After adding the salt solution, stir until it is uniform, and then use ultrasonic treatment to ensure that the salt is fully penetrated. Finally, the drying process can ensure the stability of the sample and prevent it from falling off.

[0045] It can be understood that the use of ultrasonic treatment can accelerate the penetration and adhesion of the salt solution to the substrate, avoiding the uneven phenomenon that may occur in conventional stirring. Drying ensures the stability of the sample and avoids the change of physical properties caused by residual moisture, making the performance of the sample more controllable and stable. Through this refined operation, artificial pollution samples with multi-element ratios can be obtained, simulating pollution conditions that are more in line with the actual environment.

[0046] The above-mentioned embodiments effectively make up for the shortcomings of existing simulation methods in terms of component uniformity and representativeness. By mixing different solid substances such as kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black in a preset proportion to form a uniform artificial pollution base, and combining the preset elemental composition and target pollution level, and treating it with a multi-element salt solution, it is possible to more realistically simulate the diverse pollution components in the natural environment. Through this method, not only can the complexity of the pollution components be accurately reflected, but also the proportion of elemental components can be adjusted according to different pollution level requirements, thereby providing a more reliable and scientific sample for pollution detection based on LIBS technology. Compared with the traditional single sodium chloride simulation method, this method provides a more accurate pollution simulation and improves the accuracy of pollution assessment.

[0047] In one embodiment, the steps of mixing kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black in a first preset ratio, grinding, screening and ball milling in sequence to form a uniform solid mixture and then drying to obtain an artificial dirt base include:

[0048] The first preset ratio of kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black is pre-grinded and mixed in an agate mortar, and then passed through a 100-mesh molecular sieve to obtain mixed particles with a uniform particle size of 150 microns;

[0049] After the mixed particles were fully ground by a planetary ball mill, the mixing time was 15 min to form a uniform solid mixture;

[0050] The uniform solid mixture was dried at 60°C for 20 minutes to obtain an artificial soiled substrate.

[0051] Among them, agate mortar refers to a mortar made of agate, which is used to grind solid substances into powder or smaller particles. The mesh number indicates the size of the sieve aperture. 100 mesh means 100 holes per inch. It is used to screen substances and screen out particles with a particle size of less than 150 microns. Molecular sieve is a material with a microporous structure, which is used to screen and separate substances of different particle sizes. Planetary ball mill is a high-efficiency grinding equipment that refines particulate matter to a smaller particle size through the impact and friction between the rotating grinding jar and the ball. Mixing time refers to the time the mixture is ground in the planetary ball mill, which is used to ensure that the mixture is fully ground.

[0052] Specifically, kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black are first mixed according to the set first preset ratio. Use an agate mortar for pre-grinding to ensure that the components are initially evenly dispersed. Then, sieve through a 100-mesh molecular sieve to screen out particles with a particle size of less than 150 microns to ensure the consistency of the sample particle size. Next, the particles are sent to a planetary ball mill for finer grinding, and the mixing time is controlled to 15 minutes to fully refine and homogenize the mixed particles, eventually forming a uniform solid mixture. Finally, the mixture is placed in an oven at 60°C for drying to remove excess moisture and ensure the stability and applicability of the sample.

[0053] It should be noted that the 100-mesh sieve can screen out particles larger than 150 microns, ensuring the consistency of the sample's particle size and preventing particles that are too large or too small from affecting subsequent experimental results. The choice of a 150-micron particle size helps ensure the uniformity and fluidity of the mixture, making it suitable for subsequent grinding and processing. The 15-minute grinding time is to ensure that the particles are fully ground in the planetary ball mill, which not only avoids excessive grinding resulting in too small a particle size, but also prevents uneven composition resulting from insufficient grinding. The 60°C drying temperature and 20-minute drying time are to ensure that while the moisture is completely removed, the sample will not undergo chemical changes or decomposition due to excessive temperatures, ensuring that a stable and reliable artificial contamination substrate is ultimately obtained. The precise selection of these values ​​makes the entire preparation process both efficient and controllable, helping to ensure sample quality and experimental consistency.

[0054] In this embodiment, the use of an agate mortar helps to refine the material and maintain its chemical stability during the pre-grinding stage, while the planetary ball mill can efficiently grind the material to a uniform particle size, thereby enhancing the uniformity of the mixture. In addition, the use of a 100-mesh molecular sieve ensures the consistency of the particles, further reducing the difference in particle size. The drying step can remove moisture from the mixture and prevent the sample from changing due to uneven moisture content, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the final artificial contamination substrate. This series of steps complement each other, ensuring that the prepared artificial contamination substrate is highly consistent and accurate in simulating actual contamination characteristics, and can provide reliable samples for subsequent contamination research and experiments.

[0055] In one embodiment, the first preset ratio is 10 parts by mass of kaolin, 10 parts by mass of diatomaceous earth and 10 parts by mass of carbon black.

[0056] In this embodiment, the ratio of 10 parts by mass of kaolin, 10 parts by mass of diatomaceous earth and 10 parts by mass of carbon black is selected to ensure that each material occupies a relatively balanced proportion in the mixture, so that the final artificial pollution substrate maintains consistency in physical and chemical properties. Kaolin and diatomaceous earth, as basic materials, have good adsorption and surface activity, respectively, while carbon black can increase the conductivity and surface complexity of the sample to simulate different types of pollution. By adopting an equal mass ratio, the dominant influence of a certain material on the overall performance can be avoided, making the sample closer to the pollution composition in the actual environment, and enhancing its representativeness and diversity. Such a ratio selection ensures the synergistic effect between the materials, so that the artificial pollution substrate can give full play to its respective characteristics during the simulation process, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results.

[0057] In one embodiment, if the various soluble salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, the deionized water is 100 mL.

[0058] In this embodiment, the soluble salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, which can better simulate the common soluble components in actual pollution. After they are dissolved in water, they will release different ions, which can reflect the conductivity changes that may occur in the pollution in the environment. For example, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, as common chlorides, can simulate common soluble pollution, while calcium chloride and magnesium chloride are commonly found in industrial and natural environments and can represent more types of dissolved salts. The selection of these salts helps to simulate the diversity and complexity of pollution.

[0059] Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride are soluble salts that can be easily dissociated into ions in water. They have a high degree of dissociation, and the dissociated ions can show higher conductivity at lower concentrations in water. The ion concentration provided by these salts has a significant effect on conductivity, so the concentration of the solution should be controlled to avoid excessive conductivity. Usually 100 mL of water is used to ensure that the required conductivity can be controlled and does not exceed the target range due to excessive concentration.

[0060] In one embodiment, the preset number of portions of the artificial substrate is 50 portions, the stirring speed is 200 rpm, the stirring time is 45 minutes, the ultrasonic treatment time is 15 minutes, and the drying temperature is 60°C.

[0061] In this embodiment, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride have strong solubility and can be fully dissociated into ions. Therefore, the amount of the substrate does not need to be too much, so as not to affect the uniformity and physical stability of the mixture. 50 parts of the substrate can ensure stability while making the salt concentration moderate to avoid excessively high solution conductivity.

[0062] A low stirring speed of 200 rpm ensures that the salts are fully dissolved and evenly distributed without generating excessive shear forces that would cause unnecessary agitation of the particles or substrate in the solution. A moderate stirring speed helps maintain the stability of the solution and ensures that the salts are fully dissolved and evenly distributed.

[0063] The stirring time of 45 minutes was chosen to ensure that the salts were fully dissolved and evenly mixed in the matrix. Although these salts have high solubility, in order to avoid incomplete dissolution or precipitation, longer stirring time can ensure that the salts are completely dissolved and evenly distributed throughout the system. In addition, the 45-minute stirring time also helps to improve the stirring effect, allowing the salts to better interact with the water and the matrix, further enhancing the uniformity of the sample.

[0064] The 15-min ultrasonic treatment time is sufficient to ensure uniform distribution of salt and substrate while avoiding component degradation or other unnecessary physical changes caused by too long ultrasonic treatment.

[0065] The reason why 60℃ was chosen as the drying temperature is that these salts have good solubility and the drying temperature does not need to be too high. 60℃ is a mild temperature that helps to remove moisture while avoiding excessively high temperatures that may cause changes in dissolved components or adverse effects on the physical properties of the substrate. This temperature ensures that the sample is dry without causing pyrolysis or degradation of components, ensuring the stability and quality of the final artificial contamination sample.

[0066] In one embodiment, if the various soluble salts include ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and magnesium nitrate, the deionized water is 50 mL.

[0067] In this embodiment, the soluble salts include ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate, which can simulate dissolved substances in a variety of actual environments. Nitrates have strong electrical conductivity in water, which enables them to provide effective data related to conductivity when simulating pollution. In addition, the selection of nitrates reflects the chemical components that may appear in different environments, and can more accurately simulate the pollution conditions in different regions and pollution sources.

[0068] Ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and magnesium nitrate are strongly acidic salts that quickly dissociate into ions when dissolved, resulting in high ionic strength and conductivity. These salts have a high degree of dissociation, resulting in a high ion concentration in solution. Since these salts completely dissociate in water, providing a high ion concentration, less water, 50 mL, is required to prevent the solution's conductivity from being too high and outside the target range. By reducing the amount of water, you can ensure that the solution's ion concentration is moderate and remains within a reasonable conductivity range.

[0069] In one embodiment, the artificial substrate is 30 parts, the stirring speed is 300 rpm, the stirring time is 50 minutes, the ultrasonic treatment time is 50 minutes, and the drying temperature is 80°C.

[0070] In this embodiment, nitrates such as ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate are relatively easy to dissolve, but may produce higher conductivity during the dissolution process. The 30 parts of substrate are selected to ensure that the concentration of the solution is appropriate, while controlling the salt concentration not to be too high, avoiding too strong ion reaction or too high conductivity. A small amount of substrate can reduce the effect of too much substrate on the characteristics of the solution, which helps to maintain the balance of the solution.

[0071] Nitrates are highly soluble, and a stirring speed of 300 rpm can effectively promote the dissolution of salts and make the solution uniform. Compared with other salts that are less soluble, a higher stirring speed, that is, 300 rpm, helps to accelerate the dissolution of salts and reduce precipitation, while avoiding uneven distribution of salts caused by long-term low-speed stirring. This speed can dissolve these salts quickly and evenly without generating excessive shear forces that affect the structure of the substrate or other substances.

[0072] Since nitrates are relatively soluble, the stirring time is set to 50 minutes to ensure that the salts are fully dissolved and completely evenly distributed in the solution. In highly soluble salts, appropriate stirring time helps to completely dissolve the salts, while also preventing some salts from being incompletely dissolved due to too short a stirring time. A stirring time of 50 minutes ensures full dissolution and uniformity, avoiding the formation of uneven solutions or incompletely dissolved residues.

[0073] The ultrasonic time of 50 minutes is selected to further enhance the dissolution effect and ensure uniform dispersion of salts, while utilizing the ultrasonic effect to promote the dissolution rate. Too short an ultrasonic time may result in incomplete dispersion and affect the final mixing uniformity, while 50 minutes of ultrasonic time is sufficient to ensure adequate treatment. The drying temperature of 80°C is a relatively moderate temperature that can ensure effective removal of moisture without overheating and causing nitrate decomposition or other unnecessary reactions.

[0074] Nitrate compounds are prone to decomposition at higher temperatures, so choosing 80°C as the drying temperature can maintain the stability of these salts while removing solvent moisture, avoid chemical reactions or material degradation caused by high temperature, and ensure the quality and stability of artificial contamination samples.

[0075] In one embodiment, if the various soluble salts include magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate, the deionized water is 80 mL.

[0076] In this embodiment, the soluble salts include magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate because these salts can simulate different types of pollution components, especially some common inorganic salts, which are widely present in nature and industrial environments. Sulfates, such as magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate and zinc sulfate, and carbonates, such as calcium carbonate, have strong solubility and conductivity in water and can effectively reflect the soluble components in pollution. The presence of sulfate and carbonate ions in the solution helps to simulate ion exchange and conductivity changes in pollution, which is of great significance for judging the level of pollution.

[0077] Magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium sulfate, and calcium carbonate are relatively less soluble than chlorides and nitrates. They dissolve more slowly in water, and the concentration of the ions they dissociate into is not as high as that of the strongly acidic salts. Although they can also provide some conductivity, the overall contribution is small. Therefore, an appropriate amount of water is required to ensure that they can reach a suitable concentration when they dissociate into ions, avoiding both low conductivity and high concentration. 80 mL of water can balance the solubility characteristics of these salts and meet the conductivity requirements.

[0078] In one embodiment, the artificial substrate is 50 parts, the stirring speed is 400 rpm, the stirring time is 20 minutes, the ultrasonic treatment time is 30 minutes, and the drying temperature is 90°C.

[0079] In this embodiment, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate have certain solubility compared with other salts, but since most of them are not as soluble in water as salts such as sodium chloride, it is necessary to select a moderate amount of substrate. 50 parts of substrate are selected to provide a sufficient amount of substrate in the solution so that the dissolution and reaction process of the salts in water can be fully carried out, while avoiding the problem of excessive concentration of the solution due to excessive substrate, unnecessary precipitation or excessive concentration of the solution, and maintaining a moderate concentration of the solution.

[0080] Since the solubility of salts such as magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate is relatively low, especially calcium carbonate is difficult to dissolve, a higher stirring speed, that is, 400 rpm, is required to improve the dissolution efficiency. A higher stirring speed can promote the uniform dispersion of salts, prevent precipitation and aggregation, and ensure the uniformity of the solution. In addition, high-speed stirring can enhance the material exchange between liquids, effectively increase the dissolution rate, and avoid the deposition of particles or incomplete dissolution caused by stirring for too long.

[0081] For these salts, the control of dissolution time is critical. A 20-minute stirring time is a balanced choice that ensures that the salts are fully dissolved while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and problems caused by excessive stirring. Salts such as magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate usually have a shorter dissolution time, and 20 minutes of stirring is enough to ensure their dissolution and dispersion in water, and further prepare for the ultrasonic treatment stage.

[0082] The 30-minute ultrasonic treatment is to further enhance the solubility and dispersibility of salts. Especially when dealing with salts with low solubility, ultrasound can effectively destroy aggregated particles, enhance the dissolution effect, and promote more uniform dispersion of substances. Ultrasonic treatment promotes dissolution while reducing the formation of large particles, ensuring the uniformity of artificial contamination samples. This is especially important for salts with low solubility such as calcium carbonate.

[0083] The drying temperature of 90°C is to quickly remove water from the solution and ensure that the salts do not decompose during the drying process. Sulfates and calcium carbonate can remain stable at higher temperatures, but if the temperature is too high, it may cause decomposition or other chemical changes in some salts, especially calcium carbonate. Therefore, 90°C is a moderate temperature that helps to remove water while maintaining the integrity of the salts. By controlling the temperature, a faster drying process can be achieved without destroying the chemical properties of the salts.

[0084] In one embodiment, the present application provides an artificial pollution for insulator pollution simulation, where the artificial pollution is prepared by using the steps of the artificial pollution preparation method for insulator pollution simulation in any of the above embodiments.

[0085] To facilitate understanding of the solution of the present application, specific examples are provided below for illustration.

[0086] When configuring artificial pollution, the mass of soluble salt is added according to the required level of artificial pollution. In the experiment, 100 mL of pure water is used as the solvent to measure the conductivity.

[0087] Artificial contamination base configuration:

[0088] 10 parts of kaolin, 10 parts of diatomaceous earth and 10 parts of carbon black were pre-ground and mixed in an agate mortar, passed through a 100-mesh molecular sieve, and obtained mixed particles with a uniform particle size of 150 microns, and then fully ground by a planetary ball mill for 15 minutes to ensure that the above three insoluble substances are evenly distributed to form a stable and uniform solid mixture, and dried at a temperature of 60°C for 20 minutes. The obtained mixed particles are used as the configuration base of the multi-element artificial pollution in the present invention. The relevant compound components in the base are as follows:

[0089] Kaolin composition: 46.5% SiO2, 39.5% Al2O3, 13.96% H2O;

[0090] Diatomaceous earth composition: 85.2% SiO2, containing a small amount of Al2O3 and Fe2O3;

[0091] Description of base material composition:

[0092] As an insoluble substance, kaolin plays a key role in the solid particle part of the simulated pollution. Kaolin has a certain adsorption capacity, which can adsorb soluble salts, thereby affecting the structure and properties of the pollution layer to a certain extent.

[0093] Diatomaceous earth: Diatomaceous earth has a unique porous structure, which can further increase the porosity of the dirt layer and affect the water absorption and air permeability of the dirt layer. Its main component is amorphous silicon dioxide, with a pore size between 0.1-1μm, which can enhance the dirt layer's ability to store and release water and soluble salts.

[0094] Carbon black: Carbon black is mainly used to simulate carbonaceous pollutants in the environment, such as carbon particles in industrial smoke. Carbon black has good conductivity and can significantly affect the electrical properties of the dirt layer even at a low content, changing the local electric field distribution of the dirt layer.

[0095] Implementation case 1, configuration method 1 of artificial pollution by element ratio:

[0096] Take 5 parts of sodium chloride, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of calcium chloride, and 3 parts of magnesium chloride, place these soluble salts in another container and mix them thoroughly, add 100 mL of deionized water, stir until completely dissolved, and form a uniform salt solution. Slowly add 50 parts of the base powder material with kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black mixed thoroughly into the above salt solution, and use a magnetic stirrer to stir thoroughly at the same time. The stirring speed is controlled at 200 rpm and the stirring time is 45 minutes, so that the soluble salt is fully adsorbed on the surface of the insoluble base particles to form a uniform artificial pollution suspension. The artificial pollution suspension is placed in an ultrasonic cleaner and ultrasonically treated for 15 minutes to further promote the uniform distribution of the soluble salt and the close combination with the insoluble matter. The suspension is then dried at 60°C to constant weight. The artificial pollution grade classification and corresponding components configured by this method are as follows:

[0097]

[0098] Implementation case 2, configuration method 2 of artificial pollution by element ratio:

[0099] Take 10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 6 parts of sodium nitrate, 4 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium nitrate, and 6 parts of magnesium nitrate, place these soluble salts in another container and mix them thoroughly, add 50mL of deionized water, stir until completely dissolved, and form a uniform salt solution. Slowly add 30 parts of the base powder material of kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black to the above salt solution, and use a magnetic stirrer to stir thoroughly at the same time. The stirring speed is controlled at 300 rpm and the stirring time is 50 minutes, so that the soluble salt is fully adsorbed on the surface of the insoluble base particles to form a uniform artificial pollution suspension. The artificial pollution suspension is placed in an ultrasonic cleaner and ultrasonically treated for 20 minutes to further promote the uniform distribution of the soluble salt and the close combination with the insoluble matter. Then the suspension is dried at 80°C to constant weight. The artificial pollution grade classification and corresponding components configured by this method are as follows:

[0100]

[0101] Implementation Case 3:

[0102] Take 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of calcium sulfate, and 5 parts of calcium carbonate, place these soluble salts in another container and mix them thoroughly, add 80mL of deionized water, stir until completely dissolved, and form a uniform salt solution. Slowly add 50 parts of the base powder material mixed with kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black to the above salt solution, and use a magnetic stirrer to stir thoroughly at the same time. The stirring speed is controlled at 400 rpm and the stirring time is 20 minutes, so that the soluble salt is fully adsorbed on the surface of the insoluble base particles to form a uniform artificial pollution suspension. The artificial pollution suspension is placed in an ultrasonic cleaner and ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes to further promote the uniform distribution of the soluble salt and the close combination with the insoluble matter. The suspension is then dried at 90°C to constant weight. The artificial pollution grade classification and corresponding components configured by this method are as follows:

[0103]

[0104] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 is a multi-element spectrum diagram of different artificial pollution samples in Example 1, Figure 2 The intensity change diagram of the metallic sodium element spectrum in different artificial pollution samples is shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 and Figure 2 By comparison, the more elements there are, the better the classification and recognition effect will be.

[0105] Furthermore, the artificial contamination configured in the above three embodiments is subjected to a grade classification test using LIBS technology. Figure 4The conductivity changes of three salts, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride, at different masses (0-12 grams) are shown in Figure 1, and the corresponding fitting curves are also included. Figure 4 It can be seen that the amount of element compounds and electrical conductivity are directly related, and the difference in element content can directly reflect the size of the salt density.

[0106] like Figure 5 By performing LIBS spectral analysis on multi-element pollution and comparing it with conventional sodium chloride standard pollution, it can be seen that the accuracy of the multi-element pollution of the present invention is improved when distinguishing and classifying different levels. The classification accuracy of level d pollution is improved from 85% to 97%.

[0107] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not clearly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment including the elements. Herein, "one", "one", "said", "the" and "it" may also include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates another way. A plurality refers to at least two cases, such as 2, 3, 5 or 8, etc. "And / or" includes any and all combinations of the relevant listed items.

[0108] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The various embodiments can be combined as needed, and the same or similar parts can refer to each other.

[0109] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation, characterized in that: The method comprises: Mixing kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black in a first preset ratio, grinding, screening and ball milling in sequence to form a uniform solid mixture and then drying to obtain an artificial dirt base; According to the predetermined artificial pollution element components and their target pollution levels, various soluble salts of the artificial pollution element components are selected, mixed in a second preset ratio corresponding to the target pollution level, and dissolved in deionized water to form a salt solution; After the preset number of portions of the artificial substrate is determined according to the elemental composition of the artificial pollution, the portion is added into the salt solution, stirred evenly, and dried after ultrasonic treatment to obtain an artificial pollution sample with a multi-element ratio.

2. The method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of mixing kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black in a first preset ratio, grinding, screening and ball milling in sequence to form a uniform solid mixture and then drying to obtain an artificial dirt base comprises: The kaolin, diatomaceous earth and carbon black in a first preset ratio are pre-grinded and mixed in an agate mortar, and then passed through a 100-mesh molecular sieve to obtain mixed particles with a uniform particle size of 150 microns; After the mixed particles are fully ground by a planetary ball mill for 15 minutes, the uniform solid mixture is formed; The uniform solid mixture was dried at 60° C. for 20 minutes to obtain the artificial soiled substrate.

3. The method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first preset ratio is 10 parts by mass of the kaolin, 10 parts by mass of the diatomaceous earth and 10 parts by mass of the carbon black.

4. The method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the various soluble salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, the deionized water is 100 mL.

5. The method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preset number of portions of the artificial substrate is 50 portions, the stirring speed is 200 rpm, the stirring time is 45 minutes, the ultrasonic treatment time is 15 minutes, and the drying temperature is 60°C.

6. The method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the various soluble salts include ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate, the deionized water is 50 mL.

7. The method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The artificial substrate is 30 parts, the stirring speed is 300 rpm, the stirring time is 50 minutes, the ultrasonic treatment time is 20 minutes, and the drying temperature is 80°C.

8. The method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the various soluble salts include magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate, the deionized water is 80 mL.

9. The method for preparing artificial contamination for insulator contamination simulation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The artificial substrate is 50 parts, the stirring speed is 400 rpm, the stirring time is 20 minutes, the ultrasonic treatment time is 30 minutes, and the drying temperature is 90°C.

10. An artificial pollution for insulator pollution simulation, characterized in that: The artificial pollution is prepared by using the steps of the artificial pollution preparation method for insulator pollution simulation as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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