Safe hand-cranking mechanism for point switch

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety hand-cranking mechanism for a switch machine, and relates to the technical field of railway turnout switching equipment, the safety hand-cranking mechanism comprises a fixing sleeve, a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear, the fixing sleeve is provided with two holes, and the axes of the two holes intersect; the end of the hand-cranking projecting shaft is located in one hole of the fixing sleeve, and the first bevel gear is arranged at the end of the hand-cranking projecting shaft; the other hole of the fixing sleeve is used for inserting the hand crank, and the second bevel gear is arranged at the end of the hand crank; the hand crank is inserted into the other hole of the fixing sleeve, so that the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear, and the switch machine is driven by rotating the hand crank; an identification ring is mounted in a hole, into which the hand crank is inserted, in the fixing sleeve; and an identification column is arranged on the hand crank in series with the second bevel gear. The included angle between the hand-cranking handle and the hand-cranking projecting shaft can be designed as required, so that the selection flexibility of the insertion position of the hand-cranking handle is greatly enhanced. Corresponding identification of the point switch and the hand crank is achieved, and safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway switch conversion equipment, and particularly to a safety hand-cranking mechanism for a switch machine. Background Art

[0002] A switch machine usually uses a hand crank to achieve the manual operation function. Most of the existing switch machines use the hand crank in a direction parallel to the transmission shaft. For example, the head of the hand crank of the switch machine has a square sleeve, and the protruding end of the transmission shaft at the reducer is a square shaft. After the square sleeve is inserted into the square shaft, the hand crank is used to drive the transmission shaft to rotate. When it is necessary to change the hand-cranking direction, this structure is difficult to achieve. For example, when the user requires that the switch machine cannot be hand-cranked with the back facing the switch, in order to meet the requirement of the left and right installation universality of the switch machine, some models have to design a structure that can be hand-cranked on both the left and right sides, increasing the complexity and cost of the hand-cranking structure. In addition, in some application scenarios, to ensure safety and prevent incorrect operation of the switch machine, a fixed hand crank needs to be used to hand-crank a fixed switch machine, that is, the hand crank and the switch machine need to identify each other and can be hand-cranked only after matching.

[0003] As Figure 1 shown, the hand-cranking mechanism of the existing switch machine is designed on the side of the machine cover, and the interface is directly opposite to the hand-cranking protruding shaft of the switch machine. This design only considers the convenience of the hand-cranking motor. When the internal structure of the switch machine changes, it cannot ensure the availability of the space of the hand-cranking mechanism, and at the same time, it does not consider the mutual identification between the hand crank and the switch machine, reducing the safety during hand-cranking. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the defects existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a safety hand-cranking mechanism for a switch machine, which solves the problems that the existing switch machine cannot ensure the availability of the space of the hand-cranking mechanism and does not consider the mutual identification between the hand crank and the switch machine, reducing the safety during hand-cranking.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a safety hand-cranking mechanism for a switch machine, including a hand crank and a hand-cranking protruding shaft for driving the switch machine. The safety hand-cranking mechanism at least includes a fixed sleeve, a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear. The fixed sleeve is fixed in the switch machine. There are two holes on the fixed sleeve, and the axes of the two holes intersect. The hand-cranking protruding shaft is located in one hole of the fixed sleeve, and the first bevel gear is arranged at the end of the hand-cranking protruding shaft. The other hole of the fixed sleeve is used for inserting the hand crank, and the second bevel gear is arranged at the end of the hand crank. The hand crank is inserted into the other hole of the fixed sleeve, so that the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear mesh with each other, and the switch machine is driven by rotating the hand crank;

[0007] An identification ring is installed in the hole on the fixed sleeve for inserting the hand crank. An identification post is arranged in series with the second bevel gear on the hand crank. The identification ring is provided with a through hole, and the axis of the through hole is coaxial with the hole on the fixed sleeve for inserting the hand crank. A groove is formed on the identification ring, and a protrusion is provided on the identification post. When the protrusion enters the groove after the positions of the groove and the protrusion correspond, the identification post and the identification ring are matched.

[0008] A plugging hole is formed at the intersection of the axis of the hole on the fixed sleeve for inserting the hand crank on the machine cover or the bottom shell. An insertion cylinder is installed at the plugging hole. The end of the insertion cylinder exposed outside the machine cover or the bottom shell is provided with a thread and a manual cover, and the manual cover is threadedly connected with the insertion cylinder. After the manual cover is tightened, the insertion cylinder is blocked. After the manual cover is loosened and removed, the hand crank is inserted and extended into the corresponding hole of the fixed sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the identification ring is annular, and at least two grooves are provided at the top of its ring wall. The identification post has the same number of protrusions as the grooves. The outer envelope cylinder of the protrusion is larger than the inner diameter of the identification ring, and the width of the protrusion is not greater than the width of the groove. When the positions of the protrusions on the identification post correspond to the positions of the grooves on the identification ring, the protrusions can all enter the grooves of the identification ring at the same time, and the identification post and the identification ring are matched. When at least one protrusion on the identification post does not correspond to the position of the groove on the identification ring, the protrusions cannot enter the grooves of the identification ring, and the identification post and the identification ring are not matched.

[0010] Preferably, the identification ring rotates relative to the fixed sleeve, the identification post is fixed relative to the second bevel gear, and during the process of the hand crank driving the switch machine, the identification ring and the second bevel gear rotate simultaneously.

[0011] Preferably, the identification ring is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve. After the identification post on the hand crank is matched with the identification ring, the hand crank rotates relative to the identification post, and the second bevel gear meshes with the first bevel gear to drive the switch machine.

[0012] Preferably, the insertion cylinder is welded to the machine cover or the bottom shell, or the outer diameter of one end of the insertion cylinder is larger than the diameter of the plugging hole on the machine cover or the bottom shell, and the other end has a thread. The insertion cylinder passes through the plugging hole from inside the switch machine, and the locking nut is screwed into the insertion cylinder from outside the switch machine to fix the insertion cylinder on the machine cover or the bottom shell.

[0013] Preferably, the manual cover has a blind hole with a thread inside. The thread inside the blind hole of the manual cover is screwed onto the insertion cylinder; or the outer periphery of the manual cover has a thread, and the inner hole of the insertion cylinder has a thread, and the two are screwed together.

[0014] Preferably, a sealing ring is provided on the outer periphery of the insertion cylinder. After the manual cover is screwed with the insertion cylinder, the sealing ring is pressed tightly; or there is a step at the end of the outer thread of the manual cover, and a sealing ring is arranged at the step. After the manual cover is screwed with the insertion cylinder, the sealing ring is pressed tightly.

[0015] Preferably, the manual cover has a circumferential groove on its outer periphery, a rope is sleeved in the circumferential groove, an end of the rope is fixed on the insertion tube, and the manual cover remains connected to the insertion tube through the rope after the threads of the manual cover and the insertion tube are completely unscrewed.

[0016] Preferably, the protrusion on the identification column is a columnar or block-shaped object fixedly mounted on the identification column, including a cylinder, a cylindrical head screw or a cylindrical head bolt.

[0017] Preferably, the identification ring rotates relative to the fixed sleeve, a bearing is installed in the corresponding hole of the fixed sleeve, and the identification ring is positioned by the bearing.

[0018] Preferably, the identification ring is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve, the identification column rotates relative to the second bevel gear, and the identification column sleeve is arranged on the hand crank shaft; or it is installed on the hand crank of the hand crank through the bearing assembly, and the second bevel gear rotates relative to the identification column.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, at least one of the above technical solutions adopted by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The fixing sleeve of the present invention is provided with two holes, the axes of the two holes intersect, the end of the hand crank extension shaft is located in one hole of the fixing sleeve, and the other hole of the fixing sleeve is used to insert the hand crank handle, and the first bevel gear is arranged at the end of the hand crank extension shaft, and the second bevel gear is arranged at the end of the hand crank handle. Through the meshing relationship between the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, the angle between the hand crank handle and the hand crank extension shaft of the present invention can be designed as needed, and the insertion direction of the hand crank handle can also be selected as needed within a range of 360 degrees based on the axis of the hand crank extension shaft, which greatly enhances the flexibility of selecting the insertion position of the hand crank handle.

[0021] At the same time, an identification ring is set on the insertion path of the hand crank, and an identification column is set at the end of the hand crank. Only when the identification column matches the identification ring, the hand crank can be fully inserted to meet the bevel gear meshing conditions, otherwise the hand crank extension shaft cannot be driven to rotate. The corresponding identification of the switch machine and the hand crank is realized, preventing the wrong hand crank from driving the switch machine, and increasing safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the existing hand-cranked mechanism of the switch machine;

[0024] in, Figure 1(a): Schematic diagram of the interface of the existing switch machine hand-crank mechanism, Figure 1 (b): Schematic diagram of the existing hand-crank extended shaft of the switch machine;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the safe hand-crank mechanism of the switch machine of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the authentication and matching of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the authentication rotation component of the present invention;

[0028] Among them, Figure 4 (a): Schematic diagram of the authentication rotation component when the authentication ring rotates relative to the fixed sleeve, Figure 4 (b): Schematic diagram of the authentication rotation component when the authentication ring is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve;

[0029] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the manual cover mechanism of the switch machine of the present invention;

[0030] Among them, Figure 5 (a): Ordinary type manual cover mechanism; Figure 5 (b): Embedded type manual cover mechanism;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hand-crank of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure, 1 - fixed sleeve, 2 - first bevel gear, 3 - second bevel gear, 4 - authentication ring, 5 - authentication column, 6 - insertion cylinder, 7 - manual cover, 8 - sealing ring, 9 - hand-crank, 10 - hand-crank extended shaft, 11 - hand-rotating lever, 12 - machine cover, 13 - rope, 14 - locking nut, 15 - bearing, 16 - bottom shell. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] The present invention provides a safe hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine. Referring to Figures 2 - 6, including a hand crank 9 and an identification rotation assembly outside the hand-crank extending shaft 10 that drives the switch machine. The safety hand-crank mechanism of the present invention at least includes a fixed sleeve 1, a first bevel gear 2, and a second bevel gear 3. The fixed sleeve 1 is fixedly installed on the housing of the hand-crank extending shaft 10. The fixed sleeve 1 is provided with two holes, and the axes of the two holes intersect. Among them, the end of the hand-crank extending shaft 10 is located in one hole of the fixed sleeve 1, and the first bevel gear 2 is arranged at the end of the hand-crank extending shaft 10. The other hole of the fixed sleeve 1 is for inserting the hand crank 9, and the second bevel gear 3 is arranged at the end of the hand crank 9. When the hand crank 9 is inserted into the other hole of the fixed sleeve 1, the first bevel gear 2 and the second bevel gear 3 are meshed with each other, and the switch machine is driven by rotating the hand crank 9.

[0035] An identification ring 4 is installed in the hole of the fixed sleeve 1 for inserting the hand crank 9. An identification column 5 is arranged in series with the second bevel gear 3 on the hand crank 9. The middle of the identification ring 4 is a through hole, and the axis of the through hole is coaxial with the hole of the fixed sleeve 1 for inserting the hand crank 9. A groove is provided on the identification ring 4, and a protrusion is provided on the identification column 5. When the protrusion enters the groove after the positions of the groove and the protrusion correspond, the identification column 5 and the identification ring 4 are matched.

[0036] In this embodiment, the identification ring 4 is annular, and at least two grooves are provided at the top of its ring wall. The identification column 5 has the same number of protrusions as the grooves. The circumscribed cylinder of the protrusion is larger than the inner diameter of the identification ring 4, and the width of the protrusion is not greater than the width of the groove. When the positions of the protrusions on the identification column 5 correspond to the positions of the grooves on the identification ring 4, the protrusions can all enter the grooves of the identification ring 4 at the same time, and the identification column 5 and the identification ring 4 are matched. When at least one of the protrusions on the identification column 5 does not correspond to the position of the groove on the identification ring 4, the protrusions cannot enter the grooves of the identification ring 4, and the identification column 5 and the identification ring 4 are not matched.

[0037] In this embodiment, in order to realize the rotation of the first bevel gear 2 driving the second bevel gear 3, the identification ring 4 can rotate relative to the fixed sleeve 1, the identification column 5 is fixed relative to the second bevel gear 3. During the process of the hand crank 9 driving the switch machine, the hand crank 9 drives the identification column 5 to rotate, drives the identification ring 4 to rotate, and the identification ring 4 and the second bevel gear 3 rotate simultaneously. Further, a bearing 15 is installed in the corresponding hole of the fixed sleeve 1, and the identification ring 4 is positioned by the bearing 15.

[0038] In this embodiment, in order to realize the rotation of the first bevel gear 2 driving the second bevel gear 3, the identification ring 4 can also be fixed relative to the fixed sleeve 1, and the second bevel gear 3 rotates relative to the identification column 5. During the process of the hand crank 9 driving the switch machine, after the identification ring 4 and the identification column 5 are matched and fixed, the hand crank 9 drives the second bevel gear 3 to rotate. Further, the identification column 5 is sleeved on the shaft of the hand crank 9, or is installed on the shaft of the hand crank 9 through a bearing assembly, and the second bevel gear 3 rotates relative to the identification column 5.

[0039] A plug-in hole is provided at the intersection of the axis of the hole for inserting the hand crank 9 on the machine cover 12 or the bottom shell 16, and a hollow cylindrical insertion tube 6 is installed at the plug-in hole. The end of the insertion tube 6 exposed outside the machine cover 12 or the bottom shell 16 is provided with a thread and a manual cover 7, and the manual cover 7 is threadedly connected to the insertion tube 6. After the manual cover 7 is tightened, the insertion tube 6 is blocked. After the manual cover 7 is loosened and removed, the hand crank 9 is inserted and extended into the corresponding hole of the fixed sleeve 1.

[0040] In this embodiment, the insert tube 6 is welded to the plug hole on the cover 12 or the bottom shell 16 for fixing. Alternatively, the outer circumference of one end of the insert tube 6 is larger than the plug hole on the cover 12 or the bottom shell 16, and the outer circumference of the other end is threaded, and the insert tube 6 passes through the plug hole from the inside of the switch machine, and the locking nut 14 is screwed into the insert tube 6 from the outside of the switch machine to fix the insert tube 6 on the cover 12 or the bottom shell 16.

[0041] In this embodiment, the manual cover 7 has a blind hole with a thread in the blind hole, and the thread in the blind hole of the manual cover 7 is screwed on the thread on the outer periphery of the insertion tube 6. Alternatively, the manual cover 7 is provided with a thread on the outer periphery, and the inner hole of the insertion tube 6 is provided with a thread, and the two are screwed together or unscrewed.

[0042] In this embodiment, a sealing ring 8 is provided on the outer periphery of the insertion tube 6, and the sealing ring 8 is pressed after the manual cover 7 is screwed together with the insertion tube 6. Alternatively, a step is provided at the end of the thread on the outer periphery of the manual cover 7, and a sealing ring 8 is provided at the step, and the sealing ring 8 is pressed after the manual cover 7 is screwed together with the insertion tube 6 to ensure airtightness.

[0043] In this embodiment, the manual cover 7 has a circumferential groove on its outer periphery, a rope 13 is sleeved in the circumferential groove, and the end of the rope 13 is fixed on the insertion tube 6. After the manual cover 7 and the insertion tube 6 are completely unthreaded, they remain connected to the insertion tube 6 through the rope 13.

[0044] In this embodiment, the protrusion on the identification column 5 is a columnar or block-shaped object fixedly mounted on the identification column 5, including a cylinder, a cylindrical head screw or a cylindrical head bolt. Figure 3 shown.

[0045] Reference Figures 2 - 6 In this embodiment, the scheme is described by taking the provision of a plug hole on the cover 12 as an example.

[0046] A safe hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine of the present invention comprises an identification ring 4 rotatably arranged on the outside of a hand-crank extension shaft 10 of the switch machine, the axis of the identification ring 4 intersects with the axis of the hand-crank extension shaft 10, and a plurality of grooves are formed on the top of the identification ring 4.

[0047] The hand crank 9 includes a hand rocker 11 that mates with the insertion cylinder 6. The end of the hand rocker 11 is provided with an identification post 5, and the outside of the identification post 5 is provided with a plurality of protrusions that are inserted and mated with a plurality of slots. The identification ring 4 is annular, and the top of its ring wall is provided with at least two slots. The identification post 5 has the same number of protrusions as the number of slots. The outer envelope cylinder of the protrusions is larger than the inner diameter of the identification ring 4, and the width of the protrusions is not greater than the width of the slots. When all the protrusions on the identification post 5 can enter the slots of the identification ring 4, the identification post 5 and the identification ring 4 are matched. When at least one protrusion on the identification post 5 cannot enter the slots of the identification ring 4, the identification post 5 and the identification ring 4 are not matched.

[0048] Referring to Figure 5 the manual cover mechanism, which consists of a manual cover 7, a rope 13, a lock nut 14, a sealing ring 8, and an insertion cylinder 6. A plug hole for the hand-crank insertion mechanism is reserved on the machine cover 12, and the insertion cylinder 6 is arranged in the plug hole. In this embodiment, the insertion cylinder 6 is fastened to the machine cover 12 by a lock nut 14. To ensure the sealing performance, a sealing ring 8 is placed at the bottom where the insertion cylinder 6 extends out of the upper edge of the machine cover 12 and meets the lock nut 14. A manual cover 7 is sleeved outside the insertion cylinder 6. One end of the rope 13 is press-fitted below the lock nut 14 and on the upper plane of the machine cover 12. Then a sealing ring 8 is installed inside the lock nut 14 and is fastened to the upper surface of the rope 13 by threading with the insertion cylinder 6. The other end of the rope 13 is embedded in the stepped cylinder (annular groove) of the manual cover 7 for convenient integrated storage after opening.

[0049] When the switch machine operates normally, the insertion cylinder 6 reserved on the machine cover 12 is locked by the manual cover 7, and the hand-crank extension shaft 10 rotates following the movement of the motor.

[0050] As Figure 4 shown in (a) of

[0051] the identification rotating assembly mainly consists of a fixed sleeve 1 and an identification ring 4. This structure mainly realizes the functions of identifying and restraining the support of the hand crank 9. The identification ring 4 rotates relative to the fixed sleeve 1, and the identification post 5 is fixed relative to the second bevel gear 3. During the process of the hand crank 9 driving the switch machine, the identification ring 4 and the second bevel gear 3 rotate simultaneously.

[0052] Figure 4 In (b) of

[0053] Referring to Figure 6, the hand crank 9 is mainly composed of a hand rocker 11, a discrimination column 5 and a second bevel gear 3. When the hand crank 9 is inserted into the discrimination ring 4, the protrusions arranged at an angle on the discrimination column 5 match the grooves on the discrimination ring 4. After the protrusions and the grooves are aligned, they can sink into the interior of the discrimination ring 4 and mesh with the first bevel gear 2 on the outer side of the hand-crank extending shaft 10 of the switch machine for hand-cranking operation.

[0054] When it is necessary to hand-crank the switch machine, remove the manual cover 7 on the machine cover 12 and insert the hand crank 9. The hand crank 9 is equipped with a discrimination column 5 and a second bevel gear 3. Only when the discrimination column 5 matches the notch of the discrimination ring 4 can the hand crank 9 sink and mesh with the first bevel gear 2 at the interface of the hand-crank extending shaft 10 to transmit torque and operate the rotation of the switch machine motor, thereby causing the switch machine to act.

[0055] The installation and positioning of the fixed sleeve take the center of the hand-crank extending shaft as the axis and can be rotated to any angle, and the meshing angle of the bevel gears can be changed as needed. In this way, there can be multiple angles between the two holes on the fixed sleeve.

[0056] With the continuous development of the railway market, there are more and more overseas project constructions. When customers evaluate the switch machine scheme, there are different requirements for the insertion direction of the hand-cranking mechanism in terms of safety requirements and operating habits compared with the side hand-cranking of the domestic machine cover. In order to adapt to more diversified switch machine usage scenarios, the present invention changes the single insertion direction of the traditional switch machine hand-cranking mechanism, enhancing the flexibility and safety of the hand-cranking method.

[0057] Furthermore, the insertion cylinder 6 adopts a structural design of being embedded in the machine cover 12, reducing the outer profile surface of the switch machine.

[0058] Figure 5 Figure (b) is a schematic diagram of the embedded manual cover. Compared with the above scheme, the manual cover 7 can be a T-shaped solid structure with a reduced height. A rope 13 is installed at the center of the T-shaped edge. The rope 13 bypasses the circumferential groove and is fixed at the insertion cylinder 6. The overall structure of the insertion cylinder 6 is a hollow pipe fitting with a flanging. The internal threaded interface cooperates with the external threaded interface of the manual cover 7. The bottom of the flanging is welded to the machine cover 12, and a sealing ring 8 is installed on the outer side of the top boss.

[0059] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0060] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and deformations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In this way, if these modifications and deformations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and deformations.

Claims

1. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine, comprising a hand-crank handle (9) and a hand-crank extension shaft (10) for driving the switch machine, characterized in that: The safety hand crank mechanism comprises at least a fixed sleeve (1), a first bevel gear (2) and a second bevel gear (3); the fixed sleeve (1) is fixed in the switch machine, and the fixed sleeve (1) is provided with two holes, the axes of the two holes intersecting; the hand crank extension shaft (10) is located in one hole of the fixed sleeve (1), and the first bevel gear (2) is arranged at the end of the hand crank extension shaft (10); the other hole of the fixed sleeve (1) is used to insert a hand crank handle (9), and the second bevel gear (3) is arranged at the end of the hand crank handle (9); the hand crank handle (9) is inserted into the other hole of the fixed sleeve (1), so that the first bevel gear (2) and the second bevel gear (3) are meshed with each other, and the switch machine is driven by rotating the hand crank handle (9); An identification ring (4) is installed in a hole on the fixed sleeve (1) for inserting a hand crank (9), an identification column (5) is arranged in series with the second bevel gear (3) on the hand crank (9), the identification ring (4) is provided with a through hole, the axis of the through hole is coaxial with the hole on the fixed sleeve (1) for inserting the hand crank (9); a groove is formed on the identification ring (4), and a protrusion is formed on the identification column (5), and when the groove and the protrusion are positioned correspondingly and the protrusion enters the groove, the identification column (5) and the identification ring (4) match; A plug-in hole is provided at the intersection of the axis of the hole for inserting the hand crank (9) on the machine cover (12) or the bottom shell (16), and an insertion tube (6) is installed at the plug-in hole; the end of the insertion tube (6) exposed outside the machine cover (12) or the bottom shell (16) is provided with a thread and a manual cover (7), and the manual cover (7) is threadedly connected to the insertion tube (6); after the manual cover (7) is tightened, the insertion tube (6) is blocked, and after the manual cover (7) is loosened and removed, the hand crank (9) is inserted into and extends into the corresponding hole of the fixing sleeve (1).

2. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The identification ring (4) is annular, and the top of its ring wall is provided with no less than two grooves. The identification column (5) has protrusions of the same number as the grooves, and the outer envelope cylinder of the protrusions is larger than the inner diameter of the identification ring (4), and the width of the protrusions is not larger than the width of the grooves. When the position of the protrusions on the identification column (5) corresponds to the position of the grooves on the identification ring (4), the protrusions can enter the grooves of the identification ring (4) at the same time, and the identification column (5) and the identification ring (4) match. When at least one protrusion on the identification column (5) does not correspond to the position of the grooves on the identification ring (4), the protrusions cannot enter the grooves of the identification ring (4), and the identification column (5) and the identification ring (4) do not match.

3. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The identification ring (4) rotates relative to the fixed sleeve (1), the identification column (5) is fixed relative to the second bevel gear (3), and when the hand crank (9) drives the switch machine, the identification ring (4) and the second bevel gear (3) rotate simultaneously.

4. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The identification ring (4) is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve (1). After the identification column (5) on the hand crank (9) matches with the identification ring (4), the hand crank (9) rotates relative to the identification column (5), and the second bevel gear (3) and the first bevel gear (2) are meshed and driven to drive the switch machine.

5. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The insertion tube (6) is welded to the machine cover (12) or the bottom shell (16), or the outer diameter of one end of the insertion tube (6) is larger than the diameter of the plug-in hole on the machine cover (12) or the bottom shell (16), and the outer diameter of the other end is threaded, the insertion tube (6) passes through the plug-in hole from inside the switch machine, and the locking nut (14) is screwed into the insertion tube (6) from outside the switch machine to fix the insertion tube (6) to the machine cover (12) or the bottom shell (16).

6. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The manual cover (7) has a blind hole with a thread in the blind hole, and the thread in the blind hole of the manual cover (7) is screwed onto the insertion tube (6); or the manual cover (7) has a thread on its outer circumference and the insertion tube (6) has a thread in its inner hole, and the two are screwed together.

7. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The insert tube (6) has a sealing ring (8) on its outer periphery, and the sealing ring (8) is pressed tightly after the manual cover (7) and the insert tube (6) are screwed together; or the manual cover (7) has a step at the end of the outer periphery of the thread, and the sealing ring (8) is arranged at the step, and the sealing ring (8) is pressed tightly after the manual cover (7) and the insert tube (6) are screwed together.

8. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The manual cover (7) has a circumferential groove on its outer periphery, a rope (13) is sleeved in the circumferential groove, the end of the rope (13) is fixed on the insertion tube (6), and the manual cover (7) remains connected to the insertion tube (6) through the rope (13) after the threads of the manual cover (7) and the insertion tube (6) are completely unscrewed.

9. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The protrusion on the identification column (5) is a columnar or block-shaped object fixedly mounted on the identification column (5), including a cylinder, a cylindrical head screw or a cylindrical head bolt.

10. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The identification ring (4) rotates relative to the fixed sleeve (1), a bearing (15) is installed in the corresponding hole of the fixed sleeve (1), and the identification ring (4) is positioned by the bearing (15).

11. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The identification ring (4) is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve (1), the identification column (5) rotates relative to the second bevel gear (3), the identification column (5) is sleeved on the shaft of the hand crank (9); or is installed on the hand crank (11) of the hand crank (9) through a bearing assembly, and the second bevel gear (3) rotates relative to the identification column (5).

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