Comprehensive utilization system for hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive utilization system for a hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle. The liquid hydrogen storage module comprises a liquid hydrogen storage container and a liquid hydrogen pump, and the liquid hydrogen pump is connected with the liquid hydrogen storage container so as to extract liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage container and convey the liquid hydrogen to the anode end of the fuel cell; the oxygen storage module comprises an oxygen storage container and an oxygen pump, and the oxygen pump is connected with the oxygen storage container so as to pump out oxygen from the oxygen storage container and convey the oxygen to the cathode end of the fuel cell; the fuel cell module comprises a fuel cell, and the fuel cell is configured to convert liquid hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy and heat energy through chemical reaction; the electric driving module is connected with the electric energy output end of the fuel cell module to receive electric energy and convert the electric energy into kinetic energy to drive the vehicle to run; the thermal energy management module is connected with the thermal energy output end of the fuel cell module to receive the thermal energy for thermal circulation of the vehicle. Efficient utilization of liquid hydrogen energy can be achieved, the overall energy efficiency of the system is improved, and safe use of hydrogen is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, and particularly to a comprehensive utilization system for hydrogen energy rail transit vehicles. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the improvement of environmental protection awareness and the transformation of the energy structure, fuel cells, as a clean and efficient energy conversion device, have received increasing attention. Especially in the field of rail transit, fuel cell vehicles have become an important direction for the development of urban rail transit due to their zero emissions, stable operation, and low maintenance costs. Liquid hydrogen, as an energy source with high energy density, produces only water as the by-product of combustion and does not produce greenhouse gases and pollutants such as carbon dioxide, which is of great significance for realizing the clean and sustainable development of the energy structure.

[0003] Although certain progress has been made in the utilization of hydrogen in existing hydrogen fuel cell rail transit vehicles, there are still many deficiencies, such as low hydrogen utilization rate, slow reaction rate, and low system energy efficiency. The main reason is that gaseous hydrogen is used and a single air supply is adopted at the cathode end, resulting in low efficiency of the oxidation-reduction reaction.

[0004] In view of this, it is indeed necessary to provide a comprehensive utilization system for hydrogen energy rail transit vehicles to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive utilization system for hydrogen energy rail transit vehicles, which realizes the efficient and safe utilization of hydrogen energy in rail transit vehicles by optimizing the hydrogen utilization method and improving the efficiency of the oxidation-reduction reaction.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a comprehensive utilization system for hydrogen energy rail transit vehicles, including:

[0007] A liquid hydrogen storage module, including a liquid hydrogen storage container and a liquid hydrogen pump, the liquid hydrogen pump is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage container to pump out liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage container and transport it to the anode end of the fuel cell;

[0008] An oxygen storage module, including an oxygen storage container and an oxygen pump, the oxygen pump is connected to the oxygen storage container to pump out oxygen from the oxygen storage container and transport it to the cathode end of the fuel cell;

[0009] A fuel cell module, including a fuel cell, the fuel cell is configured to convert liquid hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy and heat energy through a chemical reaction;

[0010] A power drive module, connected to the power output terminal of the fuel cell module, to receive the electric energy generated by the fuel cell and convert the electric energy into kinetic energy to drive the vehicle to run; and

[0011] A heat management module, connected to the heat output terminal of the fuel cell module, to receive the heat generated by the fuel cell and be used for the heat cycle of the vehicle.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, it further includes a hydrogen supply module. The hydrogen supply module includes a hydrogen flow controller, a hydrogen distributor, and a hydrogen pressure regulator connected in sequence. The input end of the hydrogen flow controller is connected to the output end of the liquid hydrogen pump to control the flow rate of liquid hydrogen. The hydrogen distributor is used to distribute the liquid hydrogen to each usage point at the anode end of the fuel cell. The hydrogen pressure regulator is used to regulate the pressure when the liquid hydrogen is delivered to each usage point.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the oxygen storage module further includes an oxygen concentration monitor. When the oxygen concentration monitor detects oxygen leakage, the oxygen storage module cuts off the gas source and alarms.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the oxygen storage module further includes an overpressure automatic pressure relief device. The overpressure automatic pressure relief device is used to monitor the pipeline pressure when the oxygen pump delivers oxygen in real time and automatically relieves pressure when the pipeline pressure exceeds the threshold.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the oxygen storage module further includes an evacuation device. The evacuation device is used to evacuate the oxygen in the oxygen pump.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the fuel cell module further includes an oxygen supply module and a catalyst supply module. The oxygen supply module receives oxygen from the oxygen storage module and delivers it to the cathode end of the fuel cell. The catalyst in the catalyst supply module is a platinum-rhodium alloy catalyst.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the power drive module includes a power converter, a power storage device, and a motor. The power converter is connected to the power output terminal of the fuel cell module to receive a part of the electric energy generated by the fuel cell and convert this part of the electric energy into kinetic energy to drive the motor; the excess electric energy generated by the fuel cell is stored in the power storage device.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the thermal energy management module includes a thermal energy storage device and a thermal energy management system. The thermal energy storage device is connected to the thermal energy output end of the fuel cell module to receive and store the thermal energy generated by the fuel cell. The thermal energy management system is connected to the thermal energy storage device and is used to distribute and manage the thermal energy stored in the thermal energy storage device.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, it further includes a safety monitoring module. The safety monitoring module includes safety sensors, an emergency discharge system, and a fire protection system. The emergency discharge system is used to timely discharge liquid hydrogen when the safety sensors detect potential safety hazards, and the fire protection system is used to extinguish fires in case of a fire.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, it further includes: an energy management device configured to establish a prediction model using historical data and machine learning techniques to predict the energy demand data of the vehicle within a future period of time. The energy management device is also configured to monitor the operating state and energy consumption of the vehicle in real time to dynamically adjust the distribution scheme during multi-energy power supply.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The comprehensive utilization system of the hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle of the present invention uses liquid hydrogen and pure oxygen to participate in the reaction of the fuel cell. Liquid hydrogen can be supplied to the fuel cell more stably and continuously, thereby improving the utilization rate of hydrogen, increasing the reaction rate of the fuel cell, and further increasing the energy efficiency of the entire system. The supply of pure oxygen can significantly improve the efficiency of the oxidation-reduction reaction, thereby increasing the electrical energy output of the fuel cell. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a control logic diagram of the comprehensive utilization system of the hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0023] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Here, it should be noted that in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solution of the present invention are shown in the drawings, while other details less related to the present invention are omitted.

[0025] In addition, it should also be noted that the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0026] The present invention provides a comprehensive utilization system for hydrogen - energy rail transit vehicles. This system involves the on - demand participation of pure oxygen in the hydrogen fuel cell reaction, which not only effectively improves the reaction efficiency and the instantaneous output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, meets high - power working conditions such as vehicle acceleration and traction, but also enables the hydrogen fuel cell to be used in plateau areas with oxygen deficiency without loss of performance, achieving the efficient utilization of hydrogen energy in the rail transit field.

[0027] The comprehensive utilization system for hydrogen - energy rail transit vehicles includes a liquid hydrogen storage module, an oxygen storage module, a fuel cell module, an electric drive module, and a heat energy management module.

[0028] The control logic of each of the above - mentioned modules is as Figure 1 shown. The liquid hydrogen storage module supplies gas to the anodic end of the fuel cell, and the oxygen storage module supplies gas to the cathodic end of the fuel cell. The fuel cell module converts liquid hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy and heat energy through chemical reactions. The electric drive module converts the electric energy generated by the fuel cell into kinetic energy. The heat energy management module uses the heat energy generated by the fuel cell for the vehicle's heat cycle. Through highly integrated and intelligent control, the system jointly realizes the efficient utilization of liquid hydrogen and the comprehensive management of energy.

[0029] The liquid hydrogen storage module is configured to output liquid hydrogen, providing a stable liquid hydrogen source for the hydrogen supply module. It includes a liquid hydrogen storage container and a liquid hydrogen pump.

[0030] The liquid hydrogen storage container is generally a high - pressure gas storage tank, which has a high hydrogen storage density and good heat preservation performance, and is used to store a large amount of liquid hydrogen.

[0031] The liquid hydrogen pump is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage container, and the output end of the liquid hydrogen storage container is connected to the subsequent parts that require liquid hydrogen (such as the hydrogen supply module, the anodic end of the fuel cell, etc.). When the system needs liquid hydrogen, the liquid hydrogen pump starts, pumping liquid hydrogen out of the liquid hydrogen storage container and transporting it to the system.

[0032] Furthermore, the comprehensive utilization system for hydrogen - energy rail transit vehicles also includes a hydrogen supply module. The hydrogen supply module can output hydrogen with appropriate flow rate and pressure that meets the requirements of the fuel cell, providing suitable hydrogen input for the fuel cell module. It includes a hydrogen flow controller, a hydrogen distributor, and a hydrogen pressure regulator connected in sequence.

[0033] Among them, the hydrogen flow controller is used to precisely control the hydrogen flow rate. The hydrogen distributor distributes hydrogen to each usage point. The hydrogen pressure regulator adjusts the hydrogen pressure to meet the requirements of the fuel cell.

[0034] Specifically, the input end of the hydrogen supply module is connected to the output end of the liquid hydrogen pump of the liquid hydrogen storage module to receive liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen first passes through a hydrogen flow controller to accurately control the flow according to the operating requirements of the fuel cell, and then passes through a hydrogen distributor to be distributed to each usage point at the anode end of the fuel cell. Finally, after the pressure is regulated by a hydrogen pressure regulator, it is delivered to the fuel cell module.

[0035] The oxygen storage module is configured to output safe and demand-compliant oxygen to provide oxygen input for the fuel cell module and participate in the hydrogen fuel cell reaction. It includes an oxygen storage container, an oxygen pump, an oxygen concentration monitor, an overpressure automatic pressure relief device, and an evacuation device.

[0036] Among them, the oxygen storage container is used to store oxygen. The input end of the oxygen pump is connected to the oxygen storage container, and the output end is connected to the cathode end of the fuel cell module. When the system needs oxygen, the oxygen pump starts to extract oxygen from the oxygen storage container and deliver it to the cathode end of the fuel cell.

[0037] When the oxygen concentration monitor detects oxygen leakage, the oxygen storage module cuts off the gas source and alarms. The overpressure automatic pressure relief device is used to monitor the pipeline pressure in real time when the oxygen pump delivers oxygen. When the pipeline pressure exceeds the threshold, it automatically relieves the pressure to ensure the pressure-bearing safety of the pipeline. The independent evacuation design can evacuate oxygen in case of emergency.

[0038] When the vehicle needs high-power traction, the oxygen storage module inputs oxygen to the fuel cell for the chemical reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell with pure oxygen, improving the reaction efficiency, increasing the instantaneous output power of the fuel cell, and increasing the total available power of the vehicle. Moreover, the oxygen storage module can also enable the fuel cell to be used in high-altitude areas with oxygen deficiency without loss of performance.

[0039] It should be noted that usually, there is no need to supply oxygen to the cathode end of the fuel cell, and only air participates in the reaction at the cathode end, which helps to save oxygen consumption and improve the endurance of the vehicle. That is to say, the cathode end of the fuel cell is respectively connected to the oxygen branch and the air branch.

[0040] Optionally, the oxygen branch and the air branch can be coordinated by a selection valve so that the fuel cell can receive gas supply from the oxygen branch alone or from the air branch alone.

[0041] The fuel cell module outputs electrical energy and heat energy. The electrical energy is delivered to the electric drive module, and the heat energy is delivered to the heat management module. It includes a fuel cell, an oxygen supply module, and a catalyst supply module.

[0042] Among them, the fuel cell is configured to convert liquid hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy and heat energy through chemical reactions. The oxygen supply module receives oxygen from the oxygen storage module and delivers it to the cathode end of the fuel cell. The catalyst supply module is used to increase the fuel cell reaction rate and electron transfer efficiency.

[0043] Specifically, the hydrogen input end of the fuel cell module is connected to the output end of the hydrogen supply module to receive hydrogen. The oxygen input end is connected to the output end of the oxygen storage module to receive oxygen. Inside the fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen undergo a chemical reaction under the action of a catalyst (platinum-rhodium alloy catalyst), generating electrical energy and heat energy. That is to say, the fuel cell module not only outputs electrical energy for the power drive module to use, but also outputs heat energy for the heat energy management module to utilize.

[0044] Furthermore, the system can also use a power battery for supplementary power supply. The power battery can provide additional electrical energy during the traction stage to meet the high-power requirements when the vehicle accelerates or climbs slopes. The power battery generally uses a lithium battery with a high energy density and fast charge and discharge capabilities, which works in parallel with the fuel cell module to achieve a fast response of the system.

[0045] The power drive module The power drive module includes a power converter, a power storage device, and an electric motor. The input end of the power drive module is connected to the electrical energy output end of the fuel cell module to receive the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell. The power converter is connected to the electrical energy output end of the fuel cell module. The electrical energy first passes through the power converter for conversion, receiving a part of the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell and converting the electrical energy into kinetic energy to directly drive the electric motor, thereby driving the vehicle to run. Another part of the excess electrical energy generated by the fuel cell is stored in the power storage device for future use.

[0046] The heat energy management module includes a heat energy storage device and a heat energy management system. The input end of the heat energy management module is connected to the heat energy output end of the fuel cell module to receive the heat energy generated by the fuel cell. The heat energy first enters the heat energy storage device for storage. The heat energy management system is connected to the heat energy storage device and is used to distribute and manage the heat energy stored in the heat energy storage device for the vehicle's heat cycle, such as the vehicle's heating or cooling system, to improve the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency.

[0047] Furthermore, the hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system also includes a safety monitoring module. The safety monitoring module monitors the entire system, which is distributed at various key parts of the system, such as the liquid hydrogen storage module, the hydrogen supply module, the oxygen storage module, etc.

[0048] The safety monitoring module includes safety sensors, an emergency discharge system, and a fire protection system. Among them, the safety sensors are used to monitor the safety during the hydrogen usage process. When the safety sensors detect safety hazards (such as hydrogen leakage, etc.), the emergency discharge system is activated to quickly discharge hydrogen. When a fire breaks out, the fire protection system is activated to extinguish the fire and ensure the safety of the entire system.

[0049] The hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system further includes an energy management device. The energy management device is configured to establish a prediction model using historical data and machine learning techniques to predict the energy demand data of the vehicle within a future period of time. At the same time, it monitors the operating state and energy consumption of the vehicle in real time to dynamically adjust the distribution plan during multi - energy power supply.

[0050] Specifically, the energy management device monitors parameters such as vehicle speed, acceleration, load, battery state, fuel cell output, etc. in real - time data, and uses historical data and machine learning techniques to establish a prediction model to predict the energy demand of the vehicle within a future period of time.

[0051] Furthermore, the energy management device can set priorities according to the availability, cost, and environmental impact of energy. For example, it preferentially uses renewable energy or energy with lower cost.

[0052] Furthermore, the energy management device dynamically adjusts the energy supply ratio and working mode according to the real - time monitoring data and the prediction model. For example, when the system uses multi - energy power supply, if a lithium battery participates in power supply, the use of the lithium battery is reduced during uniform driving, and the vehicle relies on fuel cell power supply.

[0053] Furthermore, the energy management device optimizes the energy recovery strategy during the braking process to improve the energy recovery efficiency. The energy management device calculates the optimal braking force and energy recovery ratio to maximize energy recovery.

[0054] Furthermore, the energy management device considers the heat energy generated by the fuel cell and the auxiliary power supply system, and optimizes the heat energy utilization, such as using the excess heat energy for the vehicle heating system or cooling system.

[0055] Furthermore, the energy management device monitors the safety state of the system in real time, such as battery temperature, pressure, etc., to ensure the safe operation of the system. When an abnormality is detected, it immediately adjusts the energy supply strategy to avoid safety risks.

[0056] Furthermore, the energy management device weighs among multiple objectives such as energy efficiency, cost, emissions, and system life to find the optimal energy distribution plan.

[0057] In summary, the comprehensive utilization system of hydrogen energy rail transit vehicles of the present invention realizes the efficient utilization and comprehensive management of hydrogen energy in the field of rail transit through the on-demand participation of pure oxygen in the reaction, precise hydrogen supply and pressure regulation, safe oxygen supply technology, and advanced energy management. This system not only improves the reaction efficiency and instantaneous output power of hydrogen fuel cells, but also ensures the safe operation of the system and the efficient utilization of energy, providing strong support for the development of hydrogen energy rail transit vehicles.

[0058] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system, characterized in that: include: A liquid hydrogen storage module, comprising a liquid hydrogen storage container and a liquid hydrogen pump, wherein the liquid hydrogen pump is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage container to extract liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage container and transport it to the anode end of the fuel cell; an oxygen storage module, comprising an oxygen storage container and an oxygen pump, wherein the oxygen pump is connected to the oxygen storage container to extract oxygen from the oxygen storage container and transport it to the cathode end of the fuel cell; A fuel cell module, comprising a fuel cell configured to convert liquid hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy and thermal energy through a chemical reaction; An electric drive module, connected to the power output terminal of the fuel cell module, to receive the electric energy generated by the fuel cell and convert the electric energy into kinetic energy to drive the vehicle; as well as The thermal energy management module is connected to the thermal energy output terminal of the fuel cell module to receive the thermal energy generated by the fuel cell and use it for the thermal cycle of the vehicle.

2. The hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a hydrogen supply module, which includes a hydrogen flow controller, a hydrogen distributor and a hydrogen pressure regulator connected in sequence, the input end of the hydrogen flow controller is connected to the output end of the liquid hydrogen pump to control the flow of liquid hydrogen, the hydrogen distributor is used to distribute liquid hydrogen to various use points at the anode end of the fuel cell, and the hydrogen pressure regulator is used to adjust the pressure of liquid hydrogen when it is transported to various use points.

3. The hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The oxygen storage module further comprises an oxygen concentration monitor. When the oxygen concentration monitor detects oxygen leakage, the oxygen storage module cuts off the gas source and issues an alarm.

4. The hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system according to claim 3 is characterized by: The oxygen storage module also includes an overpressure automatic pressure relief device, which is used to monitor the pipeline pressure when the oxygen pump is delivering oxygen in real time, and automatically release the pressure when the pipeline pressure exceeds a threshold value.

5. The hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system according to claim 3 is characterized by: The oxygen storage module further comprises an exhaust device, which is used to exhaust the oxygen in the oxygen pump.

6. The hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The fuel cell module further includes an oxygen supply module and a catalyst supply module. The oxygen supply module receives oxygen from the oxygen storage module and delivers the oxygen to the cathode end of the fuel cell. The catalyst in the catalyst supply module is a platinum-rhodium alloy catalyst.

7. The hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The electric drive module includes a power converter, a power storage device and a motor. The power converter is connected to the power output end of the fuel cell module to receive a portion of the electric energy generated by the fuel cell and convert the portion of the electric energy into kinetic energy to drive the motor; the excess electric energy generated by the fuel cell is stored in the power storage device.

8. The hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The thermal energy management module includes a thermal energy storage device and a thermal energy management system. The thermal energy storage device is connected to the thermal energy output end of the fuel cell module to receive and store the thermal energy generated by the fuel cell; the thermal energy management system is connected to the thermal energy storage device to distribute and manage the thermal energy stored in the thermal energy storage device.

9. The hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized by: It also includes a safety monitoring module, which includes a safety sensor, an emergency discharge system and a fire fighting system. The emergency discharge system is used to discharge liquid hydrogen in time when the safety sensor detects a safety hazard, and the fire fighting system is used to extinguish a fire when a fire occurs.

10. The hydrogen energy rail transit vehicle comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The energy management device is configured to use historical data and machine learning technology to establish a prediction model to predict the vehicle's energy demand data in the future. The energy management device is also configured to monitor the vehicle's operating status and energy consumption in real time to dynamically adjust the allocation plan when multiple energy sources are supplied.

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