Exothermic catalyst and chemical catalytic enhanced biological drying and composting promotion process for perishable garbage

Abstract

The present invention discloses an exothermic catalyst and a chemical catalytic enhanced biological drying and composting promotion process for perishable garbage. The present invention adopts an ultrasonic dispersion-two-step hydrothermal method to prepare a manganese-cerium bimetal supported oxidation exothermic catalyst. Adding the above exothermic catalyst to the biological drying process of perishable garbage can improve the material pores and promote the conversion of oxygen into active oxygen, catalytically oxidize organic matter to generate a large amount of heat energy, promote the increase of temperature and the decomposition of organic matter in the biological drying and humification process, and promote the efficient succession of thermophilic functional microorganisms, thereby shortening the composting cycle to 6-9 days and obtaining a mature fertilizer with a seed germination index as high as 90%. The present invention breaks the traditional idea of relying solely on biological heat generated by microorganisms in composting, combines chemical catalysis with microbial decomposition, effectively overcomes the bottleneck problems of difficult heating and dehydration in the starting stage, long composting cycle, large floor area, and low fertilizer quality, and provides a reference for the efficient and rapid fertilization of perishable garbage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of resource treatment of perishable garbage, and particularly relates to a heat-releasing catalyst and a chemical catalytic enhanced biological drying and ripening promotion process for perishable garbage. Background Art

[0002] If various organic wastes such as municipal domestic waste and agricultural wastes (including crop straws, livestock and poultry manure, etc.) are not properly treated, they will cause environmental pollution, such as occupying land resources, polluting soil and water bodies, and releasing greenhouse gases.

[0003] In the treatment and utilization of perishable garbage, although aerobic composting of perishable garbage has been widely applied, bottleneck problems such as difficult water removal due to high moisture content (≥70%), slow start-up and temperature rise, long ripening cycle, and large floor area still restrict the popularization and application of the composting technology. Research shows that although the composting effect can be improved and the compost quality can be enhanced by inoculating composite microbial agents, thermophilic cellulose bacteria and other methods, the effect of microbial agents is easily affected by the material composition and native microorganisms and cannot be recycled, having great limitations in terms of stability, effect improvement and cost control.

[0004] In terms of process research, on the basis of the research on traditional composting methods such as windrow composting and in-vessel composting, new processes such as mechanical composting, ultra-high temperature composting, and hydrothermal pretreatment use mechanical stirring, aeration and ventilation and other methods to improve the composting conditions during the composting process, and have achieved certain results in improving the composting efficiency and the quality of the products. On this basis, more and more research has begun to focus on coupling the biological drying process and the high-temperature composting process to achieve the rapid humification of perishable garbage. For example, in the biological drying and ripening promotion two-phase integration process and equipment in the invention patents with the publication numbers of CN115650781A and CN114195562A, the biological drying section is used as the pretreatment process of high-temperature composting, shortening the composting cycle to 7-10 days, and at the same time, the compost product indexes meet the requirements of the "Organic Fertilizer" (NY / T 525-2021) standard. Nevertheless, compared with other resource utilization methods such as anaerobic biogas production, the aerobic composting method does not have an advantage in terms of land utilization rate, which is 2-4 times that of the anaerobic biogas production project with the same treatment scale, seriously hindering the popularization and application of the aerobic composting mode. How to further break through the bottlenecks in the composting cycle and floor area on the basis of the biological drying and ripening promotion process is an important research direction for the aerobic composting technology.

[0005] The oxidation of organic matter releases a significant amount of heat. According to calculations, the complete oxidation and decomposition of 1g of carbohydrates can generate 16.7kJ of heat, raising the temperature of 1kg of perishable waste by 6-9°C. Perishable waste contains a large amount of easily oxidizable organic matter, which has a significant potential for spontaneous heating. Theoretically, leveraging the high lattice oxygen and redox activity of efficient chemical catalysts, a large amount of reactive oxygen species can be generated during the initial composting phase to promote the catalytic oxidation of organic matter. This can rapidly increase the compost temperature and dehydrate the material, thereby promoting the rapid succession of functional microorganisms and significantly shortening the composting cycle.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient catalytic oxidation heat-releasing catalysts for perishable waste, coupled with bio-drying and rapid composting technologies and equipment, to enhance the rapid heating, dehydration, and humification of organic solid residue composting in the perishable waste treatment industry. However, the design of low-cost, high-efficiency oxidation heat-releasing catalysts and their integration with bio-drying and rapid composting technologies remains a pressing technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention addresses bottlenecks such as difficulty heating and dehydrating the waste during the startup phase due to the high moisture content of perishable waste, a long composting cycle, large floor space requirements, and low fertilizer quality. By providing a heat-releasing catalyst and a chemical catalytic enhanced bio-drying and composting process for perishable waste, this invention accelerates the heating and dehydration of perishable waste through chemical catalytic oxidation, speeding up material degradation and shortening the fertilizer-forming cycle to 6-9 days.

[0008] The specific technical solutions adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a heat-releasing catalyst, comprising mixing a mixed solution of manganese nitrate and a soluble metal salt with carrier particles, ultrasonically dispersing the mixture to obtain a uniform mixture, and reacting the mixture under an oscillating state, wherein the soluble metal salt is a soluble cerium salt or a soluble cobalt salt, and the carrier particles are activated carbon or a molecular sieve; after the reaction is completed, the mixture is allowed to stand and age, the aged solid is separated, dried, and calcined at 450-550°C for 2.5-3 hours, and cooled to obtain a heat-releasing catalyst.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect above, in the mixed solution, the mass ratio of manganese element to metal element in soluble metal salt is (1.5~2.5):1; when the mixed solution is mixed with carrier particles, the mass ratio of manganese element to carrier particles is 1:(20~25).

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the soluble metal salt is cerium nitrate hexahydrate, and the carrier particles are spherical 13X molecular sieves with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm.

[0012] Preferably, for the first aspect described above, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic dispersion is at least 200 watts, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is at least 5 minutes; the reaction time of the homogeneous mixture under the shaking state is at least 2 hours, and the aging time after the reaction is at least 12 hours; when drying the separated and aged solid, the drying temperature is 100-110°C, and the drying time is at least 2 hours.

[0013] Preferably, for the first aspect described above, the calcination process is carried out in a muffle furnace, and the temperature is raised to 450°C at a rate of 4°C per minute and then calcined for 3 hours.

[0014] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a heat-releasing catalyst prepared by the preparation method described in any one of the above first aspect solutions.

[0015] In the third aspect, the present invention provides an application of the heat-releasing catalyst described in the second aspect above in accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration, and decomposition of perishable garbage in the aerobic composting process.

[0016] In the fourth aspect, the present invention provides a composting process for accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration, and decomposition of perishable garbage by chemical catalytic oxidation heat release, which includes:

[0017] S1. Pretreat the perishable garbage and transfer it as the material to be processed to a sealed biological drying equipment to mix with the old material, and add 1%-5% of the heat-releasing catalyst described in the second aspect above based on the mass of the perishable garbage. After uniformly mixing by full mixing and stirring, the mixed material is subjected to intermittent full mixing and stirring, aeration, and suction dehumidification in the biological drying equipment for a residence time of 22-24 hours to complete the biological drying stage, and obtain dried material with a temperature higher than 50°C and a moisture content of 55%-60%.

[0018] S2. Transfer the dried material to a sealed composting fermentation equipment under the condition of heat preservation, adopt a continuous feeding and discharging operation mode and push the material forward by turning and throwing, carry out aerobic composting fermentation, and carry out negative pressure suction dehumidification throughout the fermentation process, and intermittently carry out aeration and turning the pile, so that the internal temperature of the material is maintained at 55-70°C for more than 5 days; the residence time of the material in the composting fermentation equipment is maintained for 5-7 days, and it is output after the internal temperature drops below 40°C.

[0019] S3. Use a screening equipment to screen the material output from the composting fermentation equipment, collect the screened heat-releasing catalyst for recycling, and obtain a mature organic fertilizer with a plant seed germination index greater than 70% and a moisture content lower than 30%.

[0020] Preferably, for the fourth aspect described above, the pretreatment of the perishable waste includes sorting, impurity removal, crushing, and extrusion dehydration. Finally, the water content of the pretreated perishable waste material is maintained at 65 - 75%, and the particle size is 3 - 5 cm. The feeding of the bio-drying equipment is based on a daily treatment cycle. Before each day's feeding, 50% - 80% of the dried material in the equipment from the previous day is transferred to the composting and fermentation equipment, and the remaining old material is retained and mixed with the newly pretreated perishable waste of the current day.

[0021] Preferably, for the fourth aspect described above, during the aerobic composting and fermentation process, the frequency of intermittent aeration is 5 - 15 minutes per hour, and the turning frequency is 1 time per day.

[0022] Preferably, for the fourth aspect described above, when recycling the heat-releasing catalyst, the heat-releasing catalyst screened out by the screening equipment needs to be cleaned, dried, and then re-added to the bio-drying equipment for repeated use.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The present invention gives full play to the role of organic matter heat-releasing catalysis in the fully mixed bio-drying system. The heat generated by chemical catalysis can reach 50% - 80% of the heat generated by biochemical decomposition. It can rapidly increase the temperature of the compost pile in the early stage of composting, promote the removal of moisture from the material, and greatly shorten the microbial growth lag period caused by the entry of new materials. The start-up heating time is shortened during the process, the original microbial quantity of perishable waste is rapidly amplified, the succession of thermophilic functional microorganisms is strengthened, and the efficient degradation effect of dominant microorganisms is exerted. Without adding microbial agents, the composting cycle is shortened to 6 - 9 days, greatly saving the land occupation cost.

[0025] (2) Compared with the composting process with microbial agent addition and external auxiliary heating, the catalyst adopted in the present invention can be recycled, which can greatly save the operation cost.

[0026] (3) The composting process of the present invention for accelerating the heating, dehydration, and composting of perishable waste by chemical catalytic oxidation heat release, through adding a recyclable heat-releasing catalyst, synergistically acts with microorganisms to strengthen decomposition, further realizes the rapid dehydration and composting of perishable waste, and can convert perishable waste into mature fertilizer meeting the standard of "Organic Fertilizer" (NY / T 525 - 2021) within 6 - 9 days. It overcomes the bottleneck problems of traditional composting, such as difficult heating and dehydration in the starting stage, long composting cycle, large land occupation area, and low fertilizer quality, and realizes the efficient resource utilization of perishable waste. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is the preparation flow chart of the heat-releasing catalyst.

[0028] Figure 2It is a process flow chart of composting that uses chemical catalytic oxidation to release heat and accelerate the temperature rise, dehydration, and decomposition of perishable waste. Specific embodiments

[0029] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following provides a detailed description through specific embodiments. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in various embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without conflict.

[0030] The present invention provides a heat-releasing catalyst and a preparation method thereof. At the same time, based on this heat-releasing catalyst, a composting process for accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration, and decomposition of perishable waste by chemical catalytic oxidation is provided. The basic concept of the present invention is to give full play to the oxidation effect of chemical catalysts on organic matter in a fully mixed biological drying system, release a large amount of heat energy, rapidly increase the temperature of the compost pile in the early stage of composting, promote the removal of material moisture, significantly shorten the microbial growth lag period caused by the entry of new materials, and accelerate the succession of functional microorganisms. The present invention breaks the traditional idea of relying solely on biological heat generated by microorganisms in composting, combines chemical catalysis with microbial decomposition, effectively overcomes the bottleneck problems of difficult temperature rise and dehydration, long composting cycle, large floor area, and low fertilizer quality in the startup stage, shortens the composting period to 6 - 9 days, and obtains a mature fertilizer with a seed germination index as high as 90%, providing a reference for the efficient and rapid fertilization of perishable waste.

[0031] The heat-releasing catalyst of the present invention and its preparation method will be described in detail below.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a preparation method of a heat-releasing catalyst is provided. As Figure 1 shown, the present invention uses ultrasonic dispersion - two-step hydrothermal method to prepare a manganese-cerium bimetal-supported heat-releasing catalyst. The specific method is as follows: Mix a mixed solution of manganese nitrate and a soluble metal salt with carrier particles, obtain a uniform mixture by ultrasonic dispersion, and then react under a shaking state. The soluble metal salt is a soluble cerium salt or a soluble cobalt salt, and the carrier particles are activated carbon or molecular sieve; after the reaction is completed, let it stand for aging, separate the aged solid, dry it, and then calcine it at 450 - 550 °C for 2.5 - 3 hours, and cool it to obtain the heat-releasing catalyst.

[0033] In the above preparation method, the manganese element (Mn) in manganese nitrate and the metal elements (Ce, Co) in soluble metal salts are the elements that control the active sites in the catalyst. The ratio between these elements needs to be reasonably optimized to ensure that a better heat-release catalytic effect can be achieved finally. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the above mixed solution, the mass ratio of the manganese element to the metal elements in the soluble metal salt (i.e., Mn:Ce or Mn:Co) is (1.5-2.5):1.

[0034] In addition, the ratio between the elements that control the active sites in the catalyst and the carrier should also be reasonably optimized. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the above mixed solution is mixed with carrier particles, the mass ratio of the manganese element to the carrier particles is 1:(20-25).

[0035] In addition, the specific reagents and materials of each raw material in the above preparation method can be optimized according to the final performance. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above soluble metal salts can all be nitrates, that is, the soluble cerium salt is cerium nitrate, and the soluble cobalt salt is cobalt nitrate. And the above carrier particles can be activated carbon or molecular sieve, and the molecular sieve can be 5A molecular sieve or 13X molecular sieve. The selection of the molecular sieve diameter can be adjusted according to the pretreatment crushing process and equipment of perishable garbage according to actual needs to realize the recovery of the catalyst. It is recommended to use analytical pure or higher purity for the selected various reagent purities.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among the three raw materials of the above preparation method, in addition to manganese nitrate, the other two materials can be preferably as follows: the soluble metal salt is cerium nitrate hexahydrate, and the carrier particles are spherical 13X molecular sieves with a diameter of 3-5 mm; and the mass ratio of the manganese element to the cerium element is 2:1, the mass ratio of the manganese element to the carrier particles is 1:20, and the mass ratio of the cerium element to the carrier particles is 1:40. Thus, in terms of conversion based on the carrier particles, that is, spherical 13X molecular sieves, the mass percentages of the manganese element and the cerium element in the carrier particles are 5% and 2.5% respectively. In this optimal combination, using 13X molecular sieve as the carrier can facilitate the subsequent separation and recovery of the catalyst, and the loading method of 5% Mn + 2.5% Ce shows higher heating promotion activity compared with other catalyst raw material combinations, which is more conducive to the rapid start of the biological drying and composting promotion process.

[0037] In addition, in the above preparation method of the heat-releasing catalyst, the corresponding process parameters also need to be reasonably optimized. Among them, the ultrasonic power of the above ultrasonic dispersion is at least 200 watts, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is at least 5 minutes. Through ultrasonic dispersion, manganese and cerium can be evenly dispersed and the bubbles in the pores of the molecular sieve can be discharged, improving the loading efficiency. The reaction time of the above homogeneous mixture under the oscillating state is at least 2 hours, and the standing aging time after the reaction is at least 12 hours; when drying the separated and aged solid, the drying temperature is 100-110 °C, and the drying time is at least 2 hours.

[0038] In addition, for the dried solid, its calcination temperature needs to be raised to 450-550 °C at a certain heating rate, calcined for 2.5-3 hours, and then naturally cooled. Controlling a certain heating and cooling rate in the present invention is beneficial to preventing the overshoot of the furnace temperature and the excessive temperature difference inside and outside the catalyst, ensuring the stability of the catalyst structure. It should be noted that it is best to naturally cool slowly during the cooling process, because the rapid cooling-induced temperature drop is likely to cause the explosion of the catalyst.

[0039] The heat-releasing catalyst prepared by the above preparation method can be used as a catalyst for mixing with perishable garbage materials in the aerobic composting process, to accelerate the temperature rise, dehydration and ripening of perishable garbage, shorten the ripening cycle of the materials, and improve the ripening degree of the materials. Specifically, adding the above heat-releasing catalyst to the biological drying process of perishable garbage can improve the pores of the materials and promote the conversion of oxygen into active oxygen, catalytically oxidize organic matter to generate a large amount of heat energy, promote the increase of the temperature of the biological drying and humification process and the decomposition of organic matter, and promote the efficient succession of thermophilic functional microorganisms, so as to shorten the composting cycle to 6-9 days and obtain a mature fertilizer with a seed germination index as high as 90%. The specific application of this heat-releasing catalyst will be described in detail below.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present invention, a composting process for accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration and ripening of perishable garbage by chemical catalytic oxidation heat release is provided, which includes the following steps S1-S3, Figure 2 The overall flow chart of this composting process is shown. The specific implementation methods of each step will be described in detail below.

[0041] S1. After pre-treating the perishable garbage, transfer it as the material to be processed to a sealed biological drying equipment to mix with the old material, and add 1%-5% of the above heat-releasing catalyst based on the mass of the perishable garbage. After uniformly mixing by full mixing, perform intermittent full mixing, aeration and dehumidification by suction on the mixed material in the biological drying equipment for a residence time of 22-24 hours to complete the biological drying stage, and obtain the dried material with a temperature higher than 50 °C and a water content of 55%-60%.

[0042] It should be noted that the perishable waste in the present invention is preferably kitchen waste generated from the classification of general household waste. Before the perishable waste is transferred to the biological drying equipment, necessary pretreatment is required to meet the requirements of composting. The specific pretreatment measures to be taken need to be determined according to the nature of the waste, including but not limited to sorting, impurity removal, crushing, and extrusion dehydration. Non-organic matters such as stones, plastics, and metals are removed through sorting and impurity removal, and the impurities need to be transported out for treatment. In the present invention, the particle size and moisture content of large pieces of materials are controlled through crushing and dehydration, making it more suitable for humification composting. Additionally, when necessary, auxiliary materials such as wood chips, straws, and withered leaves or other microbial agent products can be added according to the situation to achieve faster decomposition. Finally, the moisture content of the pretreated perishable waste material transferred to the biological drying equipment should be maintained at 65-75%, and the particle size should be controlled at 3-5 cm preferably.

[0043] The dosage of the heat-releasing catalyst added in the present invention is determined according to the actual operation effect, and the dosage can be appropriately increased for materials with high moisture content and low porosity.

[0044] In addition, during the biological drying process, the above-mentioned full mixing and stirring need to fully mix and stir all the materials to ensure the uniform mixing of the waste materials and the heat-releasing catalyst. The stirring duration is generally controlled at 10-20 minutes preferably.

[0045] During the entire biological drying process, full mixing and stirring, aeration, and dehumidification by exhaust should be carried out intermittently at preset intervals. The intermittent operation cycle of full mixing and stirring, aeration, and dehumidification by exhaust can be adjusted according to actual needs. Generally, one hour can be used as an intermittent cycle, that is, full mixing and stirring, aeration, and dehumidification by exhaust are performed once every hour to ensure that the materials are in a fully aerobic state. However, in the initial stage of biological drying startup, due to the low microbial activity and slow oxygen consumption, the intermittent cycle can be appropriately extended.

[0046] To ensure that the above-mentioned biological drying equipment can maintain a relatively stable biological drying effect, the feeding of the biological drying equipment can be based on a daily treatment cycle. Before feeding every day, 50%-80% of the dried materials after biological drying in the equipment on the previous day are transferred to the composting fermentation equipment, and the remaining old materials (i.e., the remaining 50%-20% of the dried materials) are retained and mixed with the newly pretreated perishable waste on the same day. Thus, through the mixing mode of old materials and new materials, the stability of the microbial population in the materials can be fully ensured, and the overly long startup time can be avoided.

[0047] In the present invention, a heat-releasing catalyst is added during the biological drying process, which can promote the oxidative decomposition of organic matter in the materials, thereby releasing a large amount of heat and promoting water removal, providing a suitable environment for the rapid reproduction of microorganisms, with an amplification multiple of up to 100-300 times, greatly shortening the humification cycle of perishable waste. When the biological drying link is quickly completed, the subsequent aerobic composting fermentation link can be carried out.

[0048] S2. Transfer the dried material to a sealed composting fermentation device under heat preservation conditions. Adopt a continuous feeding and discharging operation mode and a push-flow turning and throwing propulsion mode to carry out aerobic composting fermentation. During the fermentation process, negative pressure air extraction and dehumidification are carried out throughout the process, and aeration and turning are carried out intermittently, so that the internal temperature of the material is maintained at 55-70 °C for more than 5 days; the residence time of the material in the composting fermentation device is maintained for 5-7 days, and it is output after the internal temperature drops below 40 °C.

[0049] It should be noted that since the dried material was originally in the biological drying device, it needs to be transferred to the composting fermentation device for aerobic composting fermentation. Therefore, heat preservation measures need to be taken during this transfer process to avoid losing the heat generated during the biological drying process.

[0050] The continuous feeding and discharging method adopted in the above-mentioned composting fermentation device, that is, the dried material after drying is continuously input at the feeding port, and then the dried material input from the feeding port is continuously turned and thrown forward through the operation mode of the push-flow turning and throwing machine. The push-flow turning and throwing machine can be realized by a chain plate turning and throwing machine. The chain plate turning and throwing machine can be installed on the plane walking drive mechanism, and is driven by the plane walking drive mechanism to move from the feeding port to the discharging port inside the composting fermentation device, and the chain plate turning and throwing machine obliquely extends into the material in the device and turns and throws the material at the position to the side close to the discharging end. Thus, different batches of materials will not be mixed with each other during the turning and throwing process, so that the materials are pushed towards the outlet end while turning and throwing the materials, which belongs to a progressive composting process.

[0051] In addition, during the above-mentioned aerobic composting fermentation process, negative pressure air extraction and dehumidification need to be carried out throughout the device, but the aeration and turning operations need to be carried out intermittently. The frequency of intermittent aeration is preferably controlled at 5-15 minutes / hour, that is, aeration for 5-15 minutes per hour, and no aeration for the rest of the time; while the turning and throwing frequency is preferably controlled at 1 time / day. The turning and throwing frequency and the distance of a single turning and throwing need to be determined according to the fermentation tank size and residence time of the composting fermentation device, and it should be ensured that the material has sufficient residence time in the composting fermentation device. In the embodiment of the present invention, the residence time of the material in the composting fermentation device should be controlled at 5-7 days. The corresponding composting tank in the composting fermentation device should be designed with sufficient length to ensure sufficient residence time.

[0052] Since the dried material of the present invention contains heat-releasing catalysts and a large amount of highly active thermophilic microorganisms are enriched in the material, under the control conditions of the above S2 step, after the material enters the sealed composting fermentation equipment for aerobic composting fermentation, the internal temperature of the material pile can rapidly rise above 60°C (it can reach 60 - 75°C) in the initial stage of fermentation (generally within 24 hours after the new material enters the composting fermentation equipment). The aeration frequency in the composting bin needs to be dynamically adjusted according to the pile temperature. When the temperature is high, it is necessary to increase the aeration to ensure sufficient oxygen supply and prevent the high temperature from killing microorganisms. It should be noted that after the turning device turns the material backward, each batch of materials entering the composting bin is basically located on the same cross-sectional layer in the axial direction of the inner bin (the connection line between the inlet end and the outlet end), so as to ensure that each batch of materials has the same and sufficient residence time. In the present invention, by regulating the aeration and turning operations, the internal temperature of the material can be controlled at 55 - 70°C for more than 5 days, so that the material can be rapidly and fully composted. The material to be treated needs to maintain a residence time of 5 - 7 days in the composting fermentation equipment, and after the internal temperature drops below 40°C, it can be output from the equipment and enter the drum screen at the end of the equipment. Of course, in special cases where the ambient temperature is low and the pile temperature rises abnormally, the residence time can be appropriately extended according to the actual situation of the material.

[0053] It should be noted that the above biological drying equipment can be any sealed biological drying equipment with the functions of aeration, stirring, and heat preservation, and the above composting fermentation equipment can be a sealed composting fermentation equipment with the functions of aeration, turning, and heat preservation. The biological drying equipment and the composting fermentation equipment can be a separate drying bin and composting bin. In this case, heat preservation measures need to be taken during the material transportation and transfer process between the two. At the same time, the outside of the drying bin and the composting bin should also be coated with heat preservation materials. An aeration device, a stirring device, and an exhaust device for ventilation and dehumidification need to be set inside the drying bin, while an aeration device, a stirring device, and an exhaust device for ventilation and dehumidification also need to be set inside the composting bin. However, the stirring device in the drying bin needs to fully mix the material, and a turning machine or a screw stirring mechanism that can fully mix the material can be used. The stirring device in the composting bin does not need to fully mix the material, and the aforementioned push-flow turning machine can be used. In addition, the drying bin and the composting bin can also be integrated. For example, the perishable garbage treatment device described in the invention patent with the application number CN202211138803.4 and the invention name "Perishable Garbage Treatment Device and Process for Biological Drying and Promoting Composting" can be used to achieve this.

[0054] In addition, it should be noted that in the above S1 and S2 steps, the material generates heat by itself and does not require the introduction of an external heat source.

[0055] S3. Use screening equipment to screen the materials output from the composting and fermentation equipment, collect the screened heat-releasing catalyst for recycling, and obtain composted organic fertilizer with a plant seed germination index greater than 70% and a moisture content less than 30%.

[0056] It should be noted that the main function of the above-mentioned screening equipment is to separate the bulk material and the heat-releasing catalyst. Equipment suitable for separating these two types of materials, such as a drum screen, can be used. The specific screening particle size can be selected based on the particle size of the heat-releasing catalyst. In the embodiments of the present invention, since the heat-releasing catalyst prepared is spherical particles with a diameter of 3-5 mm, a drum screen with a mesh size of 3-5 mm can also be selected. After the material is screened using the drum screen, the heat-releasing catalyst that is screened out can be collected, cleaned, dried, and returned to the bio-drying equipment for reuse. However, it should be noted that the heat-releasing catalyst obtained through screening in the present invention may be mixed with smaller particles of mature material. Generally speaking, the catalyst mixed with mature material can be directly transported back to the bio-drying warehouse for additional use. However, since long-term use of the catalyst may cause its surface voids to become clogged, thereby affecting the catalytic effect, in actual operation, the heat-releasing catalyst can be screened a second time as needed, soaked, cleaned, dried, and regenerated before reuse. Impurities generated by screening can be transported for disposal.

[0057] The following examples illustrate the preparation method of the heat-releasing catalyst and the technical effects of the application of the heat-releasing catalyst in an aerobic composting process.

[0058] Example 1. Preparation of heat-releasing catalyst

[0059] In this embodiment, a heat-releasing catalyst for accelerating the decomposition of perishable garbage by biological drying was prepared. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0060] 1) Prepare a mixed solution of manganese nitrate and cerium nitrate: Mix 46.48g of cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O) with 195.44g of a 50% by mass manganese nitrate solution. Add pure water to a volume of 1L to obtain a mixed solution of manganese nitrate and cerium nitrate (containing approximately 30g of manganese and 15g of cerium). This mixed solution was then thoroughly mixed with spherical artificial 13X molecular sieves with a diameter of 3-5mm at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 3:5 (molecular sieve mass (kg) to mixed solution volume (L)). In this mixture, the mass percentages of manganese and cerium relative to the 13X molecular sieve were 5% and 2.5%, respectively.

[0061] 2) The mixture obtained in step 1) was subjected to ultrasonic dispersion at a power of 200 watts for 5 minutes, and then placed in a shaker at 180 rpm for 2 hours, and then allowed to stand for 12 hours, and finally solid-liquid separation was performed to obtain an aged solid.

[0062] 3), After spreading the aged solid obtained in step 2) flat in an oven at 105 °C for 2 hours, transfer it to a muffle furnace, heat it up to 450 °C at a rate of 4 °C per minute, calcine for 3 hours, wait for it to cool naturally, and then take it out to obtain the heat release catalyst. In the heat release catalyst prepared in this example, the carrier is 13X molecular sieve, and the loading sites are 5% Mn + 2.5% Ce.

[0063] Example 2. Preparation of the heat release catalyst

[0064] In this example, a heat release catalyst for accelerating the rapid composting of perishable garbage was prepared. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0065] 1), Prepare a mixed solution of manganese nitrate and cobalt nitrate: After mixing 74.07 g of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O) with 195.44 g of a 50% manganese nitrate solution by mass, make up the volume to 1 L with pure water to obtain a mixed solution of manganese nitrate and cobalt nitrate (containing approximately 30 g of manganese element and 15 g of cobalt element); then, according to the solid-liquid ratio of molecular sieve mass (kg): mixed solution volume (L) = 3:5, fully mix the mixed solution with spherical artificial 13X molecular sieve with a diameter of 3 - 5 mm to obtain a mixture. In this mixture, calculated based on the 13X molecular sieve, the mass percentages of manganese element and cobalt element relative to the 13X molecular sieve are 5% and 2.5% respectively.

[0066] 2), After subjecting the mixture obtained in step 1) to ultrasonic dispersion with a power of 200 watts for 5 minutes, place it in a shaker and shake it at 180 revolutions per minute for 2 hours, then let it stand for aging for 12 hours, and finally separate the solid and liquid to obtain the aged solid.

[0067] 3), After spreading the aged solid obtained in step 2) flat in an oven at 105 °C for 2 hours, transfer it to a muffle furnace, heat it up to 450 °C at a rate of 4 °C per minute, calcine for 3 hours, wait for it to cool naturally, and then take it out to obtain the heat release catalyst. In the heat release catalyst prepared in this example, the carrier is 13X molecular sieve, and the loading sites are 5% Mn + 2.5% Co.

[0068] Comparative Example 1. Preparation of the heat release catalyst

[0069] In this comparative example, a heat release catalyst for composting perishable garbage was prepared. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0070] 1), Preparation of manganese nitrate solution: 195.44 g of manganese nitrate solution with a mass percentage of 50% was made up to 1 L with pure water to obtain a manganese nitrate solution (containing approximately 30 g of manganese element); then, according to the solid-liquid ratio of molecular sieve mass (kg): manganese nitrate solution volume (L) = 3:5, the mixed solution was fully mixed with spherical artificial 13X molecular sieve with a diameter of 3 - 5 mm to obtain a mixture. In this mixture, based on the conversion with 13X molecular sieve as the benchmark, the mass percentage of manganese element and cobalt element relative to 13X molecular sieve was 5%.

[0071] 2), The mixture obtained in step 1) was subjected to ultrasonic dispersion at a power of 200 watts for 5 minutes, then placed in a shaker and shaken at 180 revolutions per minute for 2 hours, and then left to age for 12 hours. Finally, solid-liquid separation was carried out to obtain the aged solid.

[0072] 3), The aged solid obtained in step 2) was spread out flat in an oven at 105 °C and dried for 2 hours, then transferred to a muffle furnace and heated to 450 °C at a rate of 4 °C per minute, calcined for 3 hours, and taken out after natural cooling to obtain the heat-release catalyst. In the heat-release catalyst prepared in this example, the carrier was 13X molecular sieve and the loading site was 5% Mn.

[0073] Example 3, Preparation of heat-release catalyst

[0074] In this example, a heat-release catalyst for accelerating the composting of perishable waste through biological drying was prepared. The difference from Example 1 was only that the carrier was replaced from 13X molecular sieve with 5A molecular sieve, and the remaining procedures were the same. Thus, in the heat-release catalyst prepared in this example, the carrier was 5A molecular sieve and the loading site was 5% Mn + 2.5% Ce.

[0075] Example 4, Preparation of heat-release catalyst

[0076] In this example, a heat-release catalyst for accelerating the composting of perishable waste through biological drying was prepared. The difference from Example 2 was only that the carrier was replaced from 13X molecular sieve with 5A molecular sieve, and the remaining procedures were the same. Thus, in the heat-release catalyst prepared in this example, the carrier was 5A molecular sieve and the loading site was 5% Mn + 2.5% Co.

[0077] Comparative Example 2, Preparation of heat-release catalyst

[0078] In this comparative example, a heat-release catalyst for accelerating the composting of perishable waste through biological drying was prepared. The difference from Comparative Example 1 was only that the carrier was replaced from 13X molecular sieve with 5A molecular sieve, and the remaining procedures were the same. Thus, in the heat-release catalyst prepared in this comparative example, the carrier was 5A molecular sieve and the loading site was 5% Mn.

[0079] Example 5, Preparation of heat-release catalyst

[0080] In this example, a heat-releasing catalyst for accelerating the composting of perishable waste through biodrying was prepared. The difference from Example 1 is only that the carrier was replaced from 13X molecular sieve with activated carbon, and the other operations were the same. Thus, in the heat-releasing catalyst prepared in this example, the carrier is activated carbon, and the loading sites are 5% Mn + 2.5% Ce.

[0081] Example 6. Preparation of Heat-Releasing Catalyst

[0082] In this example, a heat-releasing catalyst for accelerating the composting of perishable waste through biodrying was prepared. The difference from Example 2 is only that the carrier was replaced from 13X molecular sieve with activated carbon, and the other operations were the same. Thus, in the heat-releasing catalyst prepared in this example, the carrier is activated carbon, and the loading sites are 5% Mn + 2.5% Co.

[0083] Comparative Example 3. Preparation of Heat-Releasing Catalyst

[0084] In this comparative example, a heat-releasing catalyst for accelerating the composting of perishable waste through biodrying was prepared. The difference from Comparative Example 1 is only that the carrier was replaced from 13X molecular sieve with activated carbon, and the other operations were the same. Thus, in the heat-releasing catalyst prepared in this comparative example, the carrier is activated carbon, and the loading sites are 5% Mn.

[0085] Example 7. Verification of Temperature-Raising Effects of Different Heat-Releasing Catalysts

[0086] In this example, based on the heat-releasing catalysts prepared with 9 different carriers and active site ratios in the above Examples 1 - 6 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3, their effects on promoting the temperature rise of the materials were verified in the biodrying aerobic fermentation process. The specific experimental process of this example is as follows:

[0087] Perishable waste collected from a nearby waste transfer station was sorted, impurities were removed, it was crushed and extruded for dehydration through classification collection to keep its moisture content at 65 - 75% and the particle size at 3 - 5 cm. After fully mixing this material, the biodrying reactor was started and operated. Using this batch of materials, 10 sets of control experiments were set up. Among them, 9 experimental groups were respectively added with 9 different heat-releasing catalysts (the addition amount was 3 wt.% of the mass of the perishable waste material after pretreatment), and the control group was not added with any catalyst. Each group had three parallels. Before the experiment started, the full-mixing stirring of the biodrying bin was started for 20 minutes to ensure the full uniformity of the experimental materials. After fully mixing the materials and the catalyst according to the groups and controlling the initial temperatures to be similar, they were placed in a customized high-insulation composting tank for fermentation experiments. The aeration frequency was controlled at 1 minute / hour, and there was no turning of the pile and no external heating during the period. After 8 hours of reaction, the temperature changes of each group were measured, and the experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0088] Table 1

[0089]

[0090] As can be seen from Table 1, among the 9 groups of different catalysts, the heat-releasing catalysts prepared in Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention all achieved better temperature-rising effects than the catalysts in Comparative Examples 1 to 3. In particular, with 13X molecular sieve as the carrier, the loading method of 5% Mn + 2.5% Ce showed the highest temperature-rising promotion activity, which was more conducive to the rapid start of the biological drying and composting acceleration process.

[0091] Example 8. Verification of the temperature-rising and dehydration effect of the heat-releasing catalyst

[0092] In this example, the heat-releasing catalyst prepared in Example 1 (with 13X molecular sieve as the carrier and 5% Mn + 2.5% Ce as the loading site) was further used for experiments to verify the temperature-rising and dehydration effect of the heat-releasing catalyst for accelerating the composting of perishable garbage on the materials during the temperature-rising stage of composting startup, so as to prove the feasibility of the present invention. The specific experimental process of this example is as follows:

[0093] Collect the perishable garbage classified and collected from a nearby garbage transfer station for pretreatment. Through sorting, impurity removal, crushing and extrusion dehydration, keep its moisture content at 65 - 75% and the particle size at 3 - 5 cm. After fully mixing the materials, start and run the biological drying reactor. Three control experiments were set up with this batch of materials, namely 5% addition of the heat-releasing catalyst, 5% addition of blank molecular sieve, and blank without addition, and three parallels were set for each group. Before the experiment started, the full-mixing and stirring of the biological drying bin was started for 20 minutes to ensure the full uniformity of the experimental materials. After fully mixing the materials and the heat-releasing catalyst according to the groups and controlling the initial temperatures to be similar, place them in a customized high-insulation composting tank for fermentation experiments. The aeration frequency was controlled at 1 minute / hour, and there was no turning of the pile and no external heating during this period. Measure the temperature and moisture content changes of each group. After 8 hours of fermentation, the temperatures of the catalytic group, the molecular sieve group, and the blank group rose from 40.2 ± 0.4 °C to 55.6 ± 1.4 °C, 46.9 ± 0.6 °C, and 44.5 ± 0.1 °C respectively. The temperature-rising effect was increased by 258% compared with the blank, and the temperature-rising promotion effect of the catalyst was significant. After 8 hours of fermentation, the water removal amounts of the catalytic group, the molecular sieve group, and the blank group were 30.9 ± 3.3 g / kg, 5.3 ± 1.2 g / kg, and 8.5 ± 0.5 g / kg respectively, and the dehydration promotion effect of the catalyst was significant. Therefore, the results show that the application of the heat-releasing catalyst prepared by the present invention has a significant effect on the temperature-rising and dehydration of the materials, which is conducive to the rapid start of the biological drying and composting acceleration process.

[0094] Example 9. Test on the optimal dosage of the heat-releasing catalyst

[0095] In this example, the exothermic catalyst prepared in Example 1 (with 13X molecular sieve as the carrier and 5% Mn + 2.5% Ce as the loading sites) was further used for experiments to verify the effect of exothermic catalysts with different addition amounts on the temperature-raising and dehydration of the material, so as to determine the appropriate dosage during actual use. The specific experimental process of this example is as follows:

[0096] Collect the perishable waste sorted and collected from a nearby garbage transfer station for pretreatment. Through sorting, impurity removal, crushing and extrusion dehydration, the moisture content is kept at 65 - 75% and the particle size is 3 - 5 cm. After fully mixing the material, start and run the biodynamic reactor. Four control experiments were set up using this batch of materials, namely 5% exothermic catalyst addition, 3% exothermic catalyst addition, 1% exothermic catalyst addition and 0% exothermic catalyst addition, with three parallels in each group. Before the experiment started, the full-mix stirring in the biodynamic bin was started for 20 minutes to ensure the full uniformity of the materials used in the experiment. After fully mixing the materials and the exothermic catalyst according to the group and controlling the initial temperatures to be similar, they were placed in a customized high-insulation composting tank for fermentation experiments. The aeration frequency was controlled at 1 minute / hour, without turning the pile and without external heating during the period, and the temperature and moisture content changes of each group were measured. After 8 hours of fermentation, the temperatures of the 5%, 3%, 1%, and 0% exothermic catalyst addition groups rose from 38.0 ± 0.5 °C to 52.6 ± 1.1 °C, 52.2 ± 0.3 °C, 50.8 ± 0.7 °C, and 44.4 ± 0.1 °C respectively. The temperature-raising effect was increased by 258% compared with the blank, and the temperature-raising effect of the catalyst was significant. After 8 hours of fermentation, the water removal amounts of the 5%, 3%, 1%, and 0% exothermic catalyst addition groups were 31.8 ± 2.9 g / kg, 31.5 ± 0.5 g / kg, 18.7 ± 3.5 g / kg, and 10.8 ± 1.4 g / kg respectively, and the dehydration-promoting effect of the catalyst was significant. Therefore, the results show that the exothermic catalyst prepared by the present invention has a significant effect on the temperature-raising and dehydration of the material at an addition amount of 1 - %% . It should be noted that under the experimental conditions, the temperature-raising and dehydration effects are close at the addition amounts of 5% and 3%, but both are significantly higher than the addition amount of 1% and the blank.

[0097] Example 10. Verification of the effect of the exothermic catalyst on improving the degree of maturity

[0098] In this example, further based on the exothermic catalyst prepared in Example 1 (with 13X molecular sieve as the carrier and 5% Mn + 2.5% Ce as the loading sites), through biodynamic experiments under the operating conditions of adding the exothermic catalyst in the whole process, the effect of the exothermic catalyst on shortening the composting cycle and improving the degree of maturity of the material was verified. The specific experimental process of this example is as follows:

[0099] Collect the perishable waste sorted and collected by nearby waste transfer stations for pretreatment. Through sorting, impurity removal, crushing, and extrusion dehydration, keep its moisture content at 65 - 75% and the particle size at 3 - 5 cm. After fully mixing this material, start and operate the biological drying reactor. Use this batch of materials to set up 3 groups of control tests, namely adding 5% heat-releasing catalyst, adding 5% blank molecular sieve, and no addition (blank), with three parallels set for each group. After the biological drying equipment finishes loading the material to be processed, start the internal mixer, external equipment connected to the aeration pipeline, and the air extraction and dehumidification equipment, and operate according to the set intermittent operation mode. The specific operating conditions of this intermittent operation mode are: taking 1 hour as an intermittent cycle, first conduct the linked operation of aeration and air extraction and dehumidification for 15 minutes. During the linked operation, conduct air extraction and dehumidification while aerating, and at the same time conduct full mixing and stirring for 10 minutes synchronously after the start of aeration. In a single intermittent cycle, the remaining 45 minutes do not perform full mixing and stirring, aeration, and air extraction and dehumidification. The material to be processed that has completed biological drying in the biological drying equipment is directly transferred from the discharge port to the airtight and heat-insulated composting fermentation equipment for aerobic composting fermentation. The inside of the composting fermentation equipment operates according to the continuous feeding and discharging mode. The newly transferred material to be processed is piled at the inlet end of the composting fermentation equipment and will not be completely mixed with the existing material in the composting fermentation equipment but shows a hierarchical structure. During the aerobic composting fermentation process, the turning device, mixer, external equipment connected to the aeration pipeline, and the air extraction and dehumidification equipment in the composting fermentation equipment operate according to the preset hierarchical operation mode. The specific operating conditions are: conduct air extraction and dehumidification throughout the fermentation process, and at the same time conduct intermittent turning and aeration of all the material to be processed. The aeration frequency is 20 minutes / hour, and the turning frequency is 1 time / day.

[0100] Finally, after going through the composting cycles of 7 days, 9 days, and 11 days respectively, the materials in the catalytic group, carrier group, and blank group cooled down and became composted successively. For the obtained composted fertilizers, the determination of the seed germination index found that the seed germination indexes of the catalytic group, carrier group, and blank group were 92.8 ± 3.9%, 79.0 ± 5.3%, and 81.0 ± 1.6% respectively, and the degree of composting of the catalytic group increased significantly. For the obtained composted fertilizers, other indexes were measured, the moisture content was 19.9% - 26.2%, and the pH was 8.21 - 8.37. The relevant indexes all met the requirements of the "Organic Fertilizer" (NY / T 525—2021) standard. In addition, after going through the composting cycles of 7 days, 9 days, and 11 days respectively, the humic acid (HA) contents of the materials in the catalytic group, carrier group, and blank group were 46.8 ± 1.2, 40.8 ± 1.5, and 35.8 ± 1.6 g / kg respectively, and the humic acid content of the materials in the catalytic group increased by 30.7%.

[0101] In summary, the present invention provides a heat-releasing catalyst for accelerating the composting of perishable waste through biodrying. This heat-releasing catalyst can further promote the temperature increase and water dehydration in the biodrying and composting process, achieving the rapid conversion of perishable waste into organic fertilizer. The present invention breaks the traditional idea of relying solely on the biological heat generated by microorganisms in composting, combines chemical catalysis with microbial decomposition, and effectively solves problems such as poor temperature increase and water dehydration effects, long composting cycles, and low degree of maturity during the fertilizer conversion process of perishable waste, providing a reference for the efficient, low-consumption, and rapid treatment of perishable waste in engineering practice.

[0102] The above-described embodiments are only some preferred implementation solutions of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical fields can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of an exothermic catalyst in accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration and decomposition of perishable waste in the aerobic composting process. The preparation method of the exothermic catalyst is as follows: Mix a mixed solution of manganese nitrate and a soluble metal salt with carrier particles, and obtain a uniform mixture by ultrasonic dispersion. Then carry out the reaction under a shaking state. The soluble metal salt is a soluble cerium salt or a soluble cobalt salt, and the carrier particles are activated carbon or molecular sieve. After the reaction is completed, let it stand for aging, separate the aged solid, dry it and then calcine it at 450 - 550 °C for 2.5 - 3 hours, and cool it to obtain the exothermic catalyst.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the mixed solution, the mass ratio of manganese element to the metal element in the soluble metal salt is (1.5 - 2.5):1; when the mixed solution is mixed with the carrier particles, the mass ratio of manganese element to the carrier particles is 1:(20 - 25).

3. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soluble metal salt is cerium nitrate hexahydrate, and the carrier particles are spherical 13X molecular sieves with a diameter of 3 - 5 mm.

4. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that The ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic dispersion is at least 200 watts, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is at least 5 minutes; the reaction time of the uniform mixture under the shaking state is at least 2 hours, and the aging time after the reaction is completed is at least 12 hours; when drying the separated and aged solid, the drying temperature is 100 - 110 °C, and the drying time is at least 2 hours.

5. A composting process for accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration and decomposition of perishable garbage by chemical catalytic oxidation heat release, characterized in that, It includes: S1. Pretreat the perishable waste and transfer it as the material to be treated to a sealed biological drying equipment to mix with the old material, and add an exothermic catalyst accounting for 1% - 5% of the mass of the perishable waste. After uniformly mixing by full mixing and stirring, carry out intermittent full mixing and stirring, aeration and dehumidification by suction in the biological drying equipment for a residence time of 22 - 24 hours to complete the biological drying stage, and obtain the dried material with a temperature higher than 50 °C and a water content of 55% - 60%. The preparation method of the exothermic catalyst is as follows: Mix a mixed solution of manganese nitrate and a soluble metal salt with carrier particles, and obtain a uniform mixture by ultrasonic dispersion. Then carry out the reaction under a shaking state. The soluble metal salt is a soluble cerium salt or a soluble cobalt salt, and the carrier particles are activated carbon or molecular sieve. After the reaction is completed, let it stand for aging, separate the aged solid, dry it and then calcine it at 450 - 550 °C for 2.5 - 3 hours, and cool it to obtain the exothermic catalyst; S2. Transfer the dried material to a sealed composting and fermenting equipment under heat preservation conditions, adopt a continuous feeding and discharging operation mode and push - type turning and pushing to carry out aerobic composting and fermentation. During the fermentation process, carry out negative pressure dehumidification by suction throughout the process, and intermittently carry out aeration and turning of the pile, so that the internal temperature of the material is maintained at 55 - 70 °C for more than 5 days; the residence time of the material in the composting and fermenting equipment is maintained for 5 - 7 days, and output after the internal temperature drops below 40 °C; S3. Use a screening equipment to screen the material output from the composting and fermenting equipment, collect the screened exothermic catalyst for recycling, and obtain a mature organic fertilizer with a plant seed germination index greater than 70% and a water content lower than 30%.

6. The composting process for accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration, and decomposition of perishable garbage by chemical catalytic oxidation heat release as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, In the mixed solution, the mass ratio of manganese element to the metal element in the soluble metal salt is (1.5 - 2.5):1; when the mixed solution is mixed with the carrier particles, the mass ratio of manganese element to the carrier particles is 1:(20 - 25).

7. The composting process for accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration and decomposition of perishable garbage by chemical catalytic oxidation heat release as claimed in claim 5, wherein The soluble metal salt is cerium nitrate hexahydrate, and the carrier particles are spherical 13X molecular sieves with a diameter of 3 - 5 mm.

8. The composting process for accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration, and decomposition of perishable garbage by chemical catalytic oxidation heat release as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic dispersion is at least 200 watts, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is at least 5 minutes; the reaction time of the homogeneous mixture under the shaking state is at least 2 hours, and the standing aging time after the reaction is at least 12 hours; when drying the separated and aged solid, the drying temperature is 100 - 110 °C, and the drying time is at least 2 hours.

9. The composting process for accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration, and decomposition of perishable garbage by chemical catalytic oxidation heat release according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pretreatment of the perishable waste includes sorting, impurity removal, crushing and extrusion dehydration. Finally, the moisture content of the pretreated perishable waste material is maintained at 65 - 75%, and the particle size is 3 - 5 cm; the feeding of the biological drying equipment is based on a daily treatment cycle. Before feeding each day, 50% - 80% of the dried material in the equipment from the previous day is transferred to the composting fermentation equipment, and the remaining old material is retained and mixed with the newly pretreated perishable waste of the day.

10. The composting process for accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration and decomposition of perishable garbage by chemical catalytic oxidation heat release as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, During the aerobic composting fermentation process, the frequency of intermittent aeration is 5 - 15 minutes / hour, and the turning frequency is 1 time / day.

11. The composting process for accelerating the temperature rise, dehydration and decomposition of perishable garbage by chemical catalytic oxidation heat release as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, When the heat-releasing catalyst is recycled, the heat-releasing catalyst screened out by the screening equipment needs to be cleaned, dried, and then re-added to the biological drying equipment for repeated use.

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