Welding tool, welding tool assembly, welding method, welding device and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a welding tool, a welding tool assembly, a welding method, a welding device and a storage medium, relates to the field of superconducting cavity welding, and aims to improve the welding quality of a superconducting cavity. The welding tool comprises a supporting part and a supporting table. The supporting part is provided with an opening groove penetrating through the axial direction of the supporting part, and the groove bottom of the opening groove is configured to support the frequency assembly. The supporting table is fixed to one end of the supporting part in the axial direction. According to the welding tool provided by the technical scheme, the two side faces and the bottom face of the open groove can support and limit the frequency assembly, in the spot welding and formal welding process, the welding tool supports the frequency assembly all the time, the welding quality is improved, and the size out-of-tolerance of welded parts is reduced; in addition, in the spot welding and formal welding process, the welding tool always supports the frequency assembly, the welding tool does not need to be disassembled, repeated vacuumizing of the vacuum chamber can be avoided, the vacuumizing time is greatly shortened, and the welding efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of superconducting cavity welding, and in particular to a welding tooling, a welding tooling assembly, a welding method, a welding device, and a storage medium. Background Art

[0002] The 1.3GHz 9cell superconducting cavity is a superconducting cavity used in particle accelerators (such as superconducting accelerators). The superconducting cavity is mainly formed by vacuum electron beam welding of multiple niobium and niobium-titanium alloy parts. The end cavities are the parts at both ends of the superconducting cavity. The end cavity includes a HOM tube (Higher Order Mode, simply referred to as HOM tube or higher order mode coupler) and an F piece (Frequency Component, simply referred to as F piece or frequency component).

[0003] The inventors found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art: How to weld the higher order mode coupler and the frequency component with high quality is an urgent problem to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a welding tooling, a welding tooling assembly, a welding method, a welding device, and a storage medium to improve the welding quality of the superconducting cavity.

[0005] Some embodiments of the present invention provide a welding tooling for a frequency component of a superconducting cavity, including:

[0006] A support part, which is provided with an opening groove penetrating in its axial direction, and the bottom of the opening groove is configured to support the frequency component; and

[0007] A support platform, fixed at one end in the axial direction of the support part.

[0008] In some embodiments, the support part is configured to be cylindrical; wherein, a partial axial region of the support part is cut to form a circumferentially discontinuous planar region on the outer wall of the support part.

[0009] In some embodiments, the planar region and the remaining uncut part of the support part form a step, and the maximum depth of the step is 8 mm to 10 mm.

[0010] In some embodiments, the opening width of the opening groove is larger than the width of the frequency component by a, and the a is 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm.

[0011] In some embodiments, along the axial direction of the support part, a slope is provided at one end of the opening groove away from the support platform.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inclination angle of the slope is 2° to 3°.

[0013] In some embodiments, the diameter of the support platform is greater than the diameter of the support portion.

[0014] In some embodiments, the material of the support portion and / or the support platform is titanium alloy or stainless steel.

[0015] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a welding tooling assembly, including:

[0016] A support seat, at least one welding tooling provided by any technical solution of the present invention is installed on the support seat.

[0017] In some embodiments, a plurality of the welding toolings are installed on the support seat, and each of the welding toolings is arranged side by side and at intervals.

[0018] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a welding method for a superconducting cavity high-order mode coupler and a frequency component, including the following steps:

[0019] Place the frequency component into the opening groove of the welding tooling provided by any technical solution of the present invention;

[0020] Place the welding tooling with the frequency component placed therein into the through hole of the high-order mode coupler;

[0021] Place the high-order mode coupler, the frequency component, and the welding tooling together into a vacuum chamber;

[0022] Vacuum the vacuum chamber;

[0023] Spot-weld the frequency component and the high-order mode coupler;

[0024] Weld and fix the frequency component and the high-order mode coupler;

[0025] After cooling, take out the welding tooling, the frequency component welded and fixed, and the high-order mode coupler from the vacuum chamber.

[0026] In some embodiments, the vacuum degree after vacuuming the vacuum chamber is less than 5×10 -3 Pa.

[0027] In some embodiments, the following parameters are used to spot-weld the frequency component and the high-order mode coupler: the voltage of the spot welding is 145 KV - 155 KV, the beam current of the spot welding is 9 mA - 11 mA, and the focusing current is 50 mA - 70 mA at the upper focus.

[0028] In some embodiments, the frequency component and the high-order mode coupler are spot-welded symmetrically at multiple points.

[0029] In some embodiments, the frequency component and the higher-order mode coupler are welded and fixed by using the following parameters: the welding voltage is 145 KV to 155 KV, the welding beam current is 15 mA to 17 mA, the diameter of the welding circular beam spot is 14 mm to 16 mm, and the welding speed is 350 mm / min to 370 mm / min.

[0030] In some embodiments, the number of cooling times is 1, and the cooling duration is 25 min to 35 min.

[0031] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a welding device, including:

[0032] A memory; and

[0033] A processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to execute the welding method provided by any technical solution of the present invention based on instructions stored in the memory.

[0034] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, it implements the control method provided by any technical solution of the present invention.

[0035] The welding tooling provided by the above technical solution includes a support part and a support table. The support part is provided with an opening groove penetrating its axial direction. Both sides and the bottom surface of the opening groove can support and limit the frequency component. During the spot welding and formal welding of the higher-order mode coupler and the frequency component, the welding tooling always supports the frequency component, and the frequency component is effectively limited, and its position can be accurately fixed and supported, improving the welding quality and reducing the dimensional tolerance of the parts after welding; in addition, during the spot welding and formal welding processes, since the welding tooling always supports the frequency component and there is no need to disassemble the welding tooling, it is possible to avoid repeatedly evacuating the vacuum chamber, greatly reducing the evacuation time and improving the welding efficiency; during the spot welding and formal welding processes, the relative positions of the higher-order mode coupler and the frequency component remain unchanged, which is beneficial to improving the welding quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of this application. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a superconducting cavity structure for welding by the welding tooling provided by some embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the frequency component structure of a superconducting cavity for welding by the welding tooling provided by some embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the high-order mode coupler structure of the superconducting cavity to be welded by the welding tooling provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure for welding and fixing the frequency component and the high-order mode coupler of the superconducting cavity.

[0041] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the welding tooling provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the use state of the welding tooling provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the front view structure of the welding tooling provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the left view structure of the welding tooling provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 9 For Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the A-A structure of

[0046] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the welding tooling components provided in some other embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the welding method provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] Reference numerals:

[0049] 1. Support part; 2. Support table; 3. Frequency component; 4. High-order mode coupler; 100. Support base; 200. Welding tooling;

[0050] 11. Opening groove; 111. Groove bottom; 112. Plane area; 113. Step; 114. Ramp; 41. Through hole; 42. Mounting hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0051] Next, in conjunction with Figures 1 to 11A more detailed elaboration of the technical solution provided by the present invention is given. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative and in no way limits the present disclosure and its application or use. The present disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments introduced herein. These embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that: unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of components and steps, the components of materials, numerical expressions and values set forth in these embodiments should be construed as merely exemplary and not as limitations.

[0052] The terms "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present disclosure do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different parts. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements before the term cover the elements listed after the term, and do not exclude the possibility of also covering other elements.

[0053] In the present disclosure, when it is described that a specific device is located between a first device and a second device, there may or may not be an intermediate device between the specific device and the first device or the second device. When it is described that a specific device is connected to other devices, the specific device may be directly connected to other devices without an intermediate device, or may not be directly connected to other devices and have an intermediate device.

[0054] All terms used in the present disclosure, including technical terms or scientific terms, have the same meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in a general dictionary, for example, should be construed to have a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless specifically defined as such herein.

[0055] Technologies, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods and devices are regarded as part of the specification.

[0056] The sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in accordance with actual proportional relationships. The same reference numerals are attached to common structural elements or structural elements of the same type in the various drawings, and repeated descriptions thereof are appropriately omitted.

[0057] See Figures 1 to 4 , the explanations of the nouns or terms used herein.

[0058] The Higher-Order Mode Coupler, also known as the HOM tube, is an optical device commonly used in optical fiber or waveguide systems to achieve energy coupling between different modes. In optical fiber communication and related technologies, different modes can transmit optical signals with different propagation characteristics. The main function of the higher-order mode coupler is to effectively couple higher-order modes (such as the LP02 mode, LP11 mode, etc.) with the fundamental mode (usually called the LP01 mode). By designing specific structures and materials, the required mode conversion can be achieved in the optical fiber or waveguide.

[0059] The Frequency Component, also known as the F component, is the frequency-related component and its associated structure within the superconducting cavity, used to determine the resonance frequency of the superconducting cavity, that is, the oscillation frequency of electromagnetic waves within the superconducting cavity.

[0060] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the superconducting cavity structure for welding by the welding tooling provided in some embodiments of the present invention. The superconducting cavity is a 1.3 GHz 9-cell superconducting cavity, and there is a HOM tube assembly on each of the left and right sides of the superconducting cavity. Each HOM tube assembly includes a higher-order mode coupler 4 and a frequency component 3 that are welded and fixed. The welding tooling provided in the embodiments of the present invention plays a role in positioning and limiting during both the spot welding and formal welding processes of the higher-order mode coupler 4 and the frequency component 3. 9-cell indicates that the structure of the superconducting cavity body consists of nine cells. Each cell is a resonance cavity that can interact with the accelerated particles. The combination of multiple cells helps to achieve higher acceleration efficiency and better electric field uniformity.

[0061] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the frequency component structure of the superconducting cavity for welding by the welding tooling provided in some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the higher-order mode coupler structure of the superconducting cavity for welding by the welding tooling provided in some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure where the frequency component and the higher-order mode coupler of the superconducting cavity are welded and fixed.

[0062] See Figures 2 to 4 , the frequency component 3 is generally a special-shaped structure formed by multiple pipe fittings, which includes a first component, a second component, and a third component. The second component and the third component are both integral with the first component. The second component and the third component are substantially perpendicular to the first component. The higher-order mode coupler 4 is generally cylindrical. The frequency component 3 is inserted inside the higher-order mode coupler 4, and the first part of the frequency component 3 is located in the through hole 41 of the higher-order mode coupler 4; and two mounting holes 42 are provided on the wall of the higher-order mode coupler 4, and the second component and the third component respectively correspond to one of the mounting holes 42 of the higher-order mode coupler 4.

[0063] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the welding tooling provided by some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the use state of the welding tooling provided by some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 7 Front view structure schematic diagram of the welding tooling provided by some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 8 Left view structure schematic diagram of the welding tooling provided by some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 9 For Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the A-A structure of

[0064] Refer to Figures 5 to 9 As shown in FIGS. 1-2, some embodiments of the present invention provide a welding tooling 200 for limiting the high-order mode coupler 4 and the frequency component 3 of the superconducting cavity. The welding tooling 200 includes a support portion 1 and a support table 2. The support portion 1 is provided with an opening groove 11 penetrating in its axial direction, and the groove bottom 111 of the opening groove 11 is configured to support the frequency component 3. The support table 2 is fixed to one end of the support portion 1 in the axial direction.

[0065] The support portion 1 is generally an unclosed cylinder. By forming the opening groove 11 on the support portion 1, the support portion 1 has the function of supporting and limiting the frequency component 3. The frequency component 3 is placed inside the opening groove 11, and the groove bottom 111 of the opening groove 11 plays a supporting role for the frequency component 3. The opening size of the opening groove 11 is slightly larger than that of the frequency component 3. Specifically, the opening width of the opening groove 11 is larger than the width of the frequency component 3 by a, where a is 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm, such as 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm. The two side walls of the opening groove 11 play a limiting role for the frequency component 3, so that the position of the frequency component 3 is determined and does not shake during the welding process. Moreover, during the welding process, the frequency component 3 is limited by three sides (two sides and the bottom wall) of the welding tooling 200, which not only reduces the thermal deformation of the frequency component 3, but also ensures that the geometric tolerance of the frequency component 3 after welding is within the controllable range, and the welding qualification rate can reach 100%.

[0066] Continue to refer to Figure 5 And Figure 7 As shown in FIGS. 3-4, in some embodiments, the support portion 1 is configured to be cylindrical; wherein, a partial axial region of the support portion 1 is cut to form a circumferentially discontinuous planar region 112 on the outer wall of the support portion 1.

[0067] Continue to refer to Figure 5 , Figures 7 to 9 As shown in FIGS. 5-6, in some embodiments, the planar region 112 and the remaining uncut part of the support portion 1 form a step 113, and the maximum depth H of the step 113 is 8 mm to 10 mm, such as 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm. The mark of H refers to Figure 7With the above structure, the back forming of the welding positions of the frequency component 3 and the higher-order mode coupler 4 will not be damaged by welding, providing the reliability of the welding operation.

[0068] See Figure 5 and Figure 7 , in some embodiments, along the axial direction of the support portion 1, a slope 114 is provided at one end of the opening groove 11 away from the support table 2. The inclination direction of the slope 114 is such that the closer to the support table 2, the higher the slope 114; the farther away from the support table 2, the lower the slope 114. The provision of the slope 114 makes it easier and more accurate for the frequency component 3 to be installed into the opening groove 11 of the support portion 1.

[0069] Continue to refer to Figure 5 , in some embodiments, the inclination angle of the slope 114 is 2° - 3°. Using the above angle can significantly improve the convenience and efficiency of workpiece loading. The inclined slope enables the workpiece to slide more naturally when being loaded into the opening groove 11. The smaller slope can effectively reduce the friction between the frequency component 3 and the opening groove 11, reducing the wear risk and extending the service life of the welding tooling 200. Under the action of the slope 114 of the opening groove 11, the frequency component 3 is more likely to accurately find its position when being loaded into the opening groove 11, avoiding positioning errors caused by improper loading angles and improving the installation accuracy. Since the frequency component 3 can be loaded into the positioning groove faster and more smoothly, the loading time is reduced, which will directly improve the efficiency of the production line and promote the improvement of the overall production capacity.

[0070] See Figure 7 , in some embodiments, the diameter D1 of the support table 2 is greater than the diameter D2 of the support portion 1. After the welding operation is completed, through the support table 2, it is very convenient to separate the frequency component 3 and the higher-order mode coupler 4 fixed by welding of the welding tooling 200, so as to remove the welding tooling 200.

[0071] In some embodiments, the material of the support portion 1 and / or the support platform 2 is titanium alloy or stainless steel. Since the melting point of niobium is relatively high at 2468 °C, the local temperature will be relatively high during the welding process. In order to reduce the thermal deformation of the welding tooling 200, the welding tooling 200 is made of titanium alloy with a relatively high melting point. The strength of titanium alloy is higher than that of many common metals, and at the same time, its weight is relatively light. This enables the welding tooling 200 to maintain a high strength while having a relatively light weight, which can reduce the weight of the overall equipment and facilitate operation and adjustment. Titanium alloy can still maintain good mechanical properties in a high-temperature environment, which makes it suitable for the high-temperature conditions that may occur during the welding process, ensuring that the tooling does not deform during welding and does not affect the quality of the welded joint. The machining performance of titanium alloy is relatively good, and it can be machined into complex tooling shapes according to welding requirements, which helps to improve the adaptability and accuracy of the welding tooling 200. A passivation film is easily formed on the surface of titanium alloy, giving it good oxidation resistance. This characteristic is particularly important in a vacuum or other special environments, which helps to keep the workpiece clean and avoid the generation of impurities during the welding process.

[0072] See Figure 10 In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a welding tooling assembly, including a support base 100, and at least one welding tooling 200 provided in any technical solution of the present invention is installed on the support base 100.

[0073] Installing multiple welding toolings 200 on one support base 100 at a time can improve efficiency, reduce error rates, and lower costs: Installing multiple welding toolings 200 at a time can significantly shorten the preparation time for assembly and welding. Since multiple welding toolings 200 can perform welding simultaneously, the production efficiency will be greatly improved, and the overall production cycle will be shortened. The unified support base 100 ensures that the relative positions of the respective welding toolings 200 are always the same. This consistency can reduce the errors caused by repeated loading, unloading, or adjustment of the tooling, and improve the welding quality and accuracy. By providing a unified support base 100, the labor intensity of workers during the loading and unloading of the tooling can be reduced, the operation complexity can be lowered, and the possibility of errors can be further reduced, enabling employees to focus more on the welding itself. Installing multiple welding toolings 200 in a centralized manner can make the management and maintenance of the tooling more convenient. The staff can more easily check the status of the tooling, make necessary adjustments and maintenance, thus ensuring the smooth progress of the welding process. Installing multiple welding toolings 200 in a centralized manner can effectively utilize space, save the operation area of the factory, and avoid the waste of space caused by the scattered storage of the tooling.

[0074] In some embodiments, a plurality of welding fixtures 200 are installed on the support base 100, and the welding fixtures 200 are arranged side by side and at intervals. The support base 100 can effectively utilize the limited working area, integrate a plurality of welding fixtures 200 side by side, make full use of the space, avoid the waste of space caused by the scattered placement of the welding fixtures 200, and improve the space utilization rate of the production workshop.

[0075] See Figure 11 , the embodiment of the present invention further provides a welding method for a superconducting cavity high-order mode coupler and a frequency component, including the following steps:

[0076] Step S100, place the frequency component 3 into the opening groove 11 of the welding fixture 200 provided in any technical solution of the present invention. Before step S100, clean the workpiece to be welded.

[0077] Step S200, place the welding fixture 200 with the frequency component 3 placed therein into the through hole 41 of the high-order mode coupler 4. Prevent the frequency component 3 from sinking by the frictional force on the side of the welding fixture 200.

[0078] Step S300, place the high-order mode coupler 4, the frequency component 3, and the welding fixture 200 together into a vacuum chamber (not shown in the figure).

[0079] Step S400, evacuate the vacuum chamber. After the frequency component 3 and the high-order mode coupler 4 are installed in place on the working platform of the electron beam welder, close the vacuum chamber, and the electron beam welder (not shown in the figure) starts to evacuate. The evacuation time is about 20 minutes, and the vacuum degree meets the welding requirements.

[0080] In the above step S400, the vacuum degree after the vacuum chamber is evacuated is less than 5×10 -3 Pa. In such a vacuum environment, the partial pressures of active gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor in the environment are extremely low, which can greatly reduce or even completely eliminate the chemical reactions of the metal molten pool with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere. This is crucial for welding reactive metals such as titanium, can effectively avoid the formation of oxide films, ensure the purity of the weld metal, and reduce the oxygen content of the titanium alloy weld to below 50 ppm, significantly improving the welding quality and reliability. In addition, the vacuum environment isolates the interference of atmospheric turbulence on the heat source. For example, the focusing stability of electron beam welding is improved by more than 30%, and the beam positioning accuracy can reach ±0.02 mm. At the same time, the heat convection coefficient of the vacuum chamber is reduced by about two orders of magnitude compared with the atmospheric pressure environment, making the welding heat cycle more controllable, and the width of the heat affected zone can be reduced to below 100 μm, so that the deformation during the welding process can be more accurately controlled. It can be seen that maintaining a vacuum degree lower than 5×10 -3 Pa during the welding process helps to improve the welding quality, reduce the defect occurrence rate, and enhance the mechanical properties of the welding materials.

[0081] Step S500: Spot-weld the frequency component 3 and the high-order mode coupler 4.

[0082] In the above step S500, the frequency component 3 and the high-order mode coupler 4 are spot-welded symmetrically at multiple points.

[0083] Specifically, the following parameters are used to spot-weld the frequency component 3 and the high-order mode coupler 4: the voltage of spot-welding is 145 KV - 155 KV, the beam current of spot-welding is 9 mA - 11 mA, and the focusing current is 50 mA - 70 mA at the upper focus. Using the above parameters for spot-welding, the quality of spot-welding is high and it can avoid damaging the internal tooling.

[0084] Superconducting cavities have extremely high requirements for the precision and quality of butt welding. Symmetric spot welding is used to improve the performance of superconducting cavities in terms of welding quality, stress distribution, and overall performance. First of all, symmetric spot welding can make the application of heat more uniform by welding at symmetric positions, thereby reducing the thermal gradient on both sides of the butt joint. When welding a superconducting cavity, this uniform heating can avoid stress concentration caused by temperature changes, thus improving the stability and durability of the welded joint. Symmetric spot welding can effectively reduce the heat input during the welding process, thereby reducing the size of the heat-affected zone. This feature is crucial for the performance of superconducting cavities because an overly large heat-affected zone may cause deterioration of the material properties and even affect the critical temperature of superconducting materials. The low heat input of symmetric spot welding helps to maintain the integrity of the superconducting cavity material, thereby improving its overall superconducting performance. Secondly, due to the welding sequence and method of symmetric spot welding, the stress distribution of the welded joint is more uniform, thereby reducing the non-uniformity of internal stress. The uniform stress distribution can effectively prevent deformation and cracks during the welding process and improve the tensile strength and fatigue life of the welded joint. This is particularly important for the stability and reliability of superconducting cavities under high magnetic field strength and high-frequency operating conditions. Thirdly, since superconducting cavities have extremely high requirements for the conductivity and surface quality of the weld, symmetric spot welding can reduce metal deterioration and defects during the welding process. Spot welding at symmetric positions helps to restrict the diffusion of metal components during the welding process and reduce the probability of oxidation and inclusion formation. In addition, symmetric spot welding can also improve welding efficiency and consistency. Due to the controllability of the welding operation and the preset welding parameters, symmetric spot welding can improve the repeatability and consistency of the welding process and ensure the constant quality of each welding point. Finally, symmetric spot welding also brings good process flexibility and operation convenience. Its welding process is relatively simple and easy to automate, which can effectively improve production efficiency. At the same time, the residual stress generated during the welding process is low, which helps with subsequent processing and surface treatment, further enhancing the manufacturing quality and performance of superconducting cavities. It can be seen that the application of symmetric spot welding in welding superconducting cavities not only controls the welding heat input, improves the welding quality, reduces the probability of welding defects, improves the consistency of welding quality, but also optimizes the performance of superconducting cavities, enabling them to be more widely used in high-tech application fields.

[0085] Step S600: Weld and fix the frequency component 3 and the higher-order mode coupler 4.

[0086] Specifically, the following parameters are used to weld and fix the frequency component 3 and the higher-order mode coupler 4: the welding voltage is 145 KV to 155 KV, the welding beam current is 15 mA to 17 mA, the diameter of the welding circular beam spot is 14 mm to 16 mm, and the welding speed is 350 mm / min to 370 mm / min.

[0087] In the above-mentioned step S500, spot welding is used to fix the frequency component 3 and the high-order mode coupler 4 together. Still in the vacuum chamber where the spot welding is performed and without the need to remove the welding tooling 200, under this premise, the normal welding and fixing of the frequency component 3 and the high-order mode coupler 4 are carried out. This process has multiple advantages:

[0088] First of all, after the preliminary symmetric spot welding is completed, the tooling has fixed the components in the ideal position, and the heat input and stress distribution during welding have been optimized. Therefore, the subsequent welding process can be carried out in a relatively stable environment, thereby reducing the subsequent welding difficulty caused by deformation and stress concentration. During welding, the influence of the thermal expansion and contraction of the material on the welded joint will be minimized, and welding defects caused by slight deformation can be effectively avoided.

[0089] There is no need to repeatedly disassemble the welding tooling 200. Keeping the welding tooling 200 in a fixed state can ensure that the relative positions of all components remain unchanged during the welding process, so that during the normal welding process, the welding tooling 200 also limits the frequency component 3 and the high-order mode coupler 4, improving the welding quality, reducing the dimensional tolerance of the parts after welding, ensuring accurate alignment during the welding process, contributing to ensuring the stability of the welding process, thereby reducing the errors that may be introduced due to the disassembly of the tooling, and ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the welded joints. This is particularly important for components such as superconducting cavities that have extremely high requirements for dimensional accuracy and surface quality, contributing to ensuring the stable performance of the superconducting cavity, improving the reliability and service life of the superconducting cavity, reducing performance fluctuations caused by welding errors, ensuring welding accuracy, and enabling the yield rate to reach 100%.

[0090] In addition, directly performing normal welding without disassembling the welding tooling 200 reduces the cumbersome processes such as disassembling the tooling, re-clamping, and re-adjusting the positioning, which can greatly save production time and human resources. Each disassembly of the tooling not only takes time but also increases the complexity and potential errors during the installation and adjustment process. Without the need to disassemble the welding tooling 200, the time for tooling disassembly, reinstallation, and re-positioning is reduced, avoiding errors and delays that may occur due to multiple clamping and adjustment, enabling the welding work to be carried out more continuously and efficiently, improving the overall production efficiency, and significantly reducing the working hours and labor costs during the welding process.

[0091] In addition, repeatedly disassembling the tooling may introduce external impurities, dust and other pollutants, while the inside of the superconducting cavity needs to maintain a highly clean environment to prevent impurities from having an adverse impact on the superconducting performance. Welding without disassembling the tooling can reduce the possibility of external pollutants entering the inside of the superconducting cavity and protect the clean environment inside the cavity.

[0092] Secondly, there is no need to repeatedly evacuate the vacuum chamber. Welding superconducting cavities usually requires a high vacuum environment. Avoiding repeated vacuuming can also help maintain the vacuum and cleanliness inside the superconducting cavity, reduce the risk of contamination caused by frequent start-stop and air exchange of the vacuum system, and ensure the performance reliability of the superconducting cavity in subsequent use. In addition, repeated vacuuming is not only time-consuming but also increases the maintenance cost and operating expenses of the equipment. If the vacuuming process can be performed once before welding, the frequent use of the equipment can be reduced, the production efficiency can be improved, the time for repeated vacuuming can be reduced, and the efficiency of welding can be greatly improved.

[0093] Step S700 , after cooling, take out the welding tool 200 and the welded and fixed frequency component 3 and high-order mode coupler 4 from the vacuum chamber.

[0094] In some embodiments, the cooling time is 1 time, and the cooling time is 25 minutes to 35 minutes. After the welding is completed, the workpiece is taken out after cooling for about 30 minutes. The whole welding process will be reduced from more than 1 hour (excluding cooling time) to only about 30 minutes (excluding cooling time), and the time efficiency is doubled.

[0095] The welding method provided by the above technical solution is that after the welding workpiece is cleaned, the tooling and the welded parts are installed, and after installation, the electron beam welding is carried out in the vacuum chamber of the electron beam welding machine. The welding can be formed in one time without the need for two vacuuming. After the welding is completed and cooled, the vacuum chamber is broken to remove the workpiece and complete the welding of the product. The welding efficiency is high, the vacuuming is only done once, and during the spot welding and formal welding process, the frequency component 3 is limited and supported, the welding quality is high, and the yield rate can reach 100%.

[0096] At present, the Shanghai Hard X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility Project (SHINE) is gradually being established. The entire project requires more than 700 1.3GHz 9-cell superconducting cavities. The superconducting cavity is welded with high-purity niobium materials with RRR (residual resistivity)>300. In order to avoid oxidation of the material and loss of low-temperature superconducting properties of the niobium material, all welding is performed by an electron beam welder in a vacuum environment, so the vacuum degree is required to meet certain requirements during welding. HOM (high-order mode coupler 4 tubes and F parts are important parts of the end cavity (two groups for each superconducting cavity). Changes in size will affect the input of RF signals, and their welding accuracy directly affects product quality. The welding method provided in the embodiment of the present invention is adopted, and its welding tool 200 can fix and limit the frequency component 3, control the deviation during the welding process, greatly improve the welding quality, and make the welding yield rate reach 100%.

[0097] An embodiment of the present invention provides a welding device, including a memory and a processor coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to execute the welding method in any of the foregoing embodiments based on instructions stored in the memory.

[0098] The memory may include, for example, a system memory, a fixed non-volatile storage medium, etc. The system memory stores, for example, an operating system, application programs, a boot loader, and other programs.

[0099] Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the program is executed by a processor, it implements the control method in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0100] The processor described herein may include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0101] The storage medium may be any available medium accessible by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a web site, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of the medium. As used herein, disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc, where disk typically reproduces data magnetically, while disc reproduces data optically with a laser. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0102] Those skilled in the art should understand that the method embodiments of the present disclosure can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present disclosure can take the form of an all-hardware embodiment, an all-software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present disclosure can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable non-transitory storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0103] The present disclosure is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate a means for realizing the functions specified in Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0104] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of guiding a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including an instruction means, and the instruction means realizes the functions specified in Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0105] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for realizing the functions specified in Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0106] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation on the protected content of the present invention. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0107] In the description of the present invention, where feasible, each technical feature can be combined with other technical features.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features, but these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding tool for a frequency component of a superconducting cavity, characterized in that: include: A support portion (1), the support portion (1) being provided with an open groove (11) penetrating the support portion in its axial direction, the groove bottom (111) of the open groove (11) being configured to support the frequency component (3); and The support platform (2) is fixed to one end of the support portion (1) in the axial direction.

2. The welding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support portion (1) is constructed in a cylindrical shape; wherein a partial axial region of the support portion (1) is cut to form a circumferentially discontinuous plane region (112) on the outer wall of the support portion (1).

3. The welding tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plane area (112) and the remaining portion of the support portion (1) that has not been cut form a step (113), and the maximum depth of the step (113) is 8 mm to 10 mm.

4. The welding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening width of the opening slot (11) is greater than the width of the frequency component (3) by a, and a is 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm.

5. The welding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the axial direction of the support portion (1), a slope (114) is provided at one end of the opening groove (11) away from the support platform (2).

6. The welding tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The slope (114) has an inclination angle of 2° to 3°.

7. The welding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the support platform (2) is greater than the diameter of the support portion (1).

8. The welding tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support portion (1) and / or the support platform (2) are made of titanium alloy or stainless steel.

9. A welding tool assembly, characterized in that: include: A support seat (100), wherein at least one welding tool (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is installed on the support seat (100).

10. The welding tool assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that: The support seat (100) is installed with a plurality of the welding tools (200), and the welding tools (200) are arranged side by side and at intervals.

11. A method for welding a high-order mode coupler and a frequency component of a superconducting cavity, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Placing the frequency component (3) into the open slot (11) of the welding tool (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 8; placing the welding tool (200) on which the frequency component (3) is placed into the through hole of the high-order mode coupler (4); placing the high-order mode coupler (4), the frequency component (3) and the welding tool (200) together in a vacuum chamber; evacuating the vacuum chamber; spot welding the frequency component (3) and the high-order mode coupler (4); The frequency component (3) and the high-order mode coupler (4) are fixed by welding; After cooling, the welding tool (200) and the welded and fixed frequency component (3) and the high-order mode coupler (4) are taken out from the vacuum chamber.

12. The welding method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber after evacuation is less than 5×10 -3 Pa.

13. The welding method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The frequency component (3) and the high-order mode coupler (4) are spot welded using the following parameters: the spot welding voltage is 145 KV to 155 KV, the spot welding beam current is 9 mA to 11 mA, and the focusing current is 50 mA to 70 mA at the upper focus.

14. The welding method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The frequency component (3) and the high-order mode coupler (4) are spot welded by multi-point symmetry.

15. The welding method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The frequency component (3) and the high-order mode coupler (4) are welded and fixed using the following parameters: welding voltage is 145 KV to 155 KV, welding beam current is 15 mA to 17 mA, welding circular beam spot diameter is 14 mm to 16 mm, and welding speed is 350 mm / min to 370 mm / min.

16. The welding method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The cooling time is 25min to 35min.

17. A welding device, characterized in that: include: Memory; and A processor coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute the welding method according to any one of claims 11 to 16 based on instructions stored in the memory.

18. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: A computer program is stored thereon, and when the program is executed by a processor, the welding method according to any one of claims 11 to 16 is implemented.

Images