Hardware fitting assembling device

Abstract

The invention discloses a hardware fitting assembling device, and belongs to the technical field of hardware fitting assembling, the hardware fitting assembling device comprises a hardware vibration disc and a rack, the hardware vibration disc is arranged on the upper surface of the rack, a storage device is arranged on the upper surface of the rack, and an automatic positioning conveyor is arranged on the upper surface of the rack; a directional driving device is arranged on the upper surface of the rack; and an inspector is arranged on the upper surface of the rack. According to the hardware fitting assembling device, in the using process, hardware is vibrated out and enters the storage device in order through the hardware vibration disc, then a mechanical palm extracts rubber parts from the interior of an external injection molding machine and then conveys the rubber parts into the shaping machine table for shaping, then the mechanical palm conveys the rubber parts into the automatic positioning conveyor, the rubber parts are aligned with the hardware, and the hardware fitting assembling device is used for assembling the hardware fittings. At the moment, a second air cylinder in the directional driving device operates, the hardware and the rubber part are attached, the finished product slides downwards to enter the detector, whether the hardware exists or not is detected, an alarm is given if the hardware does not exist, a second check block is opened if the hardware exists, and the finished product flows into the next stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hardware fitting assembly, and specifically relates to a hardware fitting assembly device. Background Art

[0002] Hardware fittings are used in multiple fields. When in use, they play roles of connection, fastening, transmission, support, and guidance. During the processing of hardware fittings, assembly is required, and at this time, a hardware fitting assembly device is needed. If the degree of automation is low during the assembly process, it will affect the entire process of hardware part processing. To overcome the above defects, Prior Art 1 (a Chinese patent application with the application number 202411117962.5 and the filing date of August 15, 2024) is a fast automatic assembly device for hardware parts. When it works, the staff pulls the sliding rod, causing the sliding rod to drive the fixing piece to slide in the inner cavity of the hollow block, and at the same time causing the sliding rod to drive the clamping block to move. The hardware parts are discharged through the feeding port and horizontally transported by the conveying device. At this time, the staff releases the pulling force on the sliding rod, and the first spring pushes the sliding rod to drive the clamping block to clamp and limit the hardware parts. Subsequently, the staff starts the cylinder, causing the cylinder to drive the arc-shaped plate to press down to assemble the hardware parts. Through the setting of the above structure, it is convenient for the staff to accurately clamp and limit the hardware parts, and at the same time it is convenient for the staff to quickly assemble the hardware parts. Prior Art 2 (a Chinese patent application with the application number 202411435372.7 and the filing date of October 15, 2024) is a positioning assembly device for cabinet hardware frames. When it works, by integrating various structures such as clamping, sliding, pressing, driving, air extraction, and control, it realizes that a single person can complete the installation operation of the hardware frame, greatly simplifies the installation process, reduces the manpower requirement and the time cost brought by multi-person cooperation, and thus significantly improves the installation efficiency.

[0003] During the processing, it is necessary to collect the assembled finished hardware parts to facilitate the staff to transport the hardware parts to the next working area. However, the devices in the above applications do not have an auxiliary blanking mechanism during use, which is not convenient for the staff to transfer the hardware parts and reduces the work efficiency of the staff. At the same time, after the hardware parts are processed, there will be debris and dust on the surface, and these impurities will affect the subsequent electroplating and spraying processes of the hardware parts. However, the devices in the above applications do not have the structure of an auxiliary cleaning device during use, which will affect the subsequent processing of the finished hardware parts and ultimately affect the quality of the finished hardware parts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a hardware fitting assembly device to solve the problems proposed in the above background technology. During use, there is no mechanism for assisting in material discharging, which is inconvenient for the staff to transfer the hardware parts, reducing the work efficiency of the staff. And during use, there is no structure for an auxiliary cleaning device, which will affect the subsequent processing of the finished hardware parts and ultimately affect the quality of the finished hardware parts.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A hardware fitting assembly device includes a hardware vibrating plate and a frame. The hardware vibrating plate is arranged on the upper surface of the frame. And a storage is arranged on the upper surface of the frame, and an automatic positioning transporter is arranged on the upper surface of the frame, and a directional punching device is arranged on the upper surface of the frame. An inspector is arranged on the upper surface of the frame, and a high-precision rubber part gripper is arranged on the side of the inspector, and a shaping machine table is arranged on the side of the frame. A receiving plate is connected to the inner wall of the frame through a lifting mechanism. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame, and a working plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame. And an airbag is adhered to the upper surface of the working plate. An air injection pipe is fixedly connected to the side of the airbag.

[0006] Preferably, the shaping machine table includes a timer, a pushing machine, a shaping fixture, a cooling water pipe, and a taking machine. The timer has a pushing machine inside it, and the pushing machine has a shaping fixture inside it. And a cooling water pipe is arranged on the outer wall of the shaping fixture. The taking machine includes a rotating cylinder and a mechanical palm. A first stopper for preventing the hardware from falling is arranged inside the storage. A first cylinder for positioning and guiding the hardware forward is arranged inside the directional punching device, and a second cylinder for making the surface of the hardware contact with the rubber part is arranged inside the directional punching device. The high-precision rubber part gripper includes a fixture for grasping and controlling the rubber part, and the high-precision rubber part gripper also includes a slider for high-precision transmission. And a third cylinder for controlling the Z-axis direction is arranged inside the high-precision rubber part gripper, and a fourth cylinder for controlling the Y-axis direction is arranged inside the high-precision rubber part gripper. A second stopper is arranged inside the inspector, and a proximity switch is arranged inside the inspector.

[0007] Preferably, the front view of the connecting plate is an inverted "U" shape, and a motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting plate. And the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to a circular plate, and a pushing block is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the circular plate.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting mechanism includes a cross plate fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame. And a column is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cross plate, and a spherical ball is fixedly connected to the end of the column. And the diameter of the spherical ball is larger than the diameter of the column.

[0009] Preferably, the material receiving plates are distributed in a staggered manner inside the frame, and the material receiving plates are sleeved and connected to the surface of the upright columns, and the material receiving plates are distributed in an inclined shape.

[0010] Preferably, the upright columns are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the material receiving plates, and a connecting spring for elastic reset is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the material receiving plate, and the other side of the connecting spring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cross plate.

[0011] Preferably, a connecting rod is fixedly connected between adjacent material receiving plates, and both sides of the material receiving plate are convex, and an auxiliary plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the material receiving plate. A force receiving block is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate, and the surfaces of the force receiving block and the pushing block are both arc-shaped structures, and the pushing blocks are equally angularly distributed on the lower surface of the circular plate.

[0012] Preferably, a pressing plate is fixedly connected to the surface of the material receiving plate, and the lower surface of the pressing plate is attached to the upper surface of the air bag, and the air bags are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the working plate.

[0013] Preferably, jet ports are evenly spaced on the lower surface of the jet pipe, and an air inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the left side surface of the air bag.

[0014] Preferably, one-way valves are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the air inlet pipe and the jet pipe.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: adopting a novel structural design, the specific content is as follows: During the use of this hardware fitting assembly device, first, the hardware parts are orderly vibrated out by a hardware vibrating disk and enter the storage device. When the storage device and the directional punching device are filled with materials, the first stopper inside the storage device blocks the downward feeding of the hardware parts to prevent the workpiece from falling when the directional punching device moves away during operation. Then, the mechanical palm extracts the plastic parts from the external injection molding machine and sends them to the shaping machine table for shaping. After that, the mechanical palm transports the plastic parts into the automatic positioning transporter and aligns the plastic parts with the hardware. At this time, the cylinder two inside the directional punching device operates to make the hardware and the plastic parts fit together. The finished product slides downward and enters the checker. The proximity switch checks whether there is any hardware. If not, it alarms. If there is, the second stopper opens, and the finished product flows into the next stage. The whole device has a high degree of automation and high working efficiency.

[0016] After blanking, the hardware parts will fall onto the receiving plate. At this time, the motor starts. When the motor works, it will drive the circular plate and the pushing block to rotate synchronously. At this time, the pushing block will intermittently contact the force-receiving block. Then, under the action of the thrust, the vertical column, and the connecting spring, the force-receiving block, the auxiliary plate, and the receiving plate will perform reciprocating linear motion in the vertical direction. At this time, the receiving plate can better discharge the hardware parts, which is convenient for the staff to collect and improves work efficiency.

[0017] Furthermore, the pushing blocks are equally angularly distributed on the lower surface of the circular plate, which increases the movement frequency of the receiving plate and optimizes the blanking effect.

[0018] When the receiving plate of this hardware parts assembly device descends, it will squeeze the airbag through the pressing plate. When the airbag is squeezed, the airbag will jet air onto the receiving plate through the air jet pipe and the air jet port. At this time, the air flow will carry away impurities, making the surface of the hardware parts cleaner and facilitating the subsequent processing procedures of the hardware parts.

[0019] Furthermore, when the receiving plate and the pressing plate rise, the airbag expands. At this time, the airbag is inflated through the air inlet pipe, which is convenient for the next use of the airbag. During the operation of the airbag, the air jet pipe, and the air inlet pipe, the one-way valve makes the air flow direction from the air inlet pipe to the air jet pipe, ensuring the stability of the operation of the airbag, the air jet pipe, and the air inlet pipe. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the frame and the hardware vibrating disk of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hardware vibrating disk of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the storage of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automatic positioning transporter of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the directional inserter of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the high-precision rubber part gripper and the checker of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-precision rubber part gripper of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the checker of the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the frame of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the shaping machine table of the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the frame and the connecting plate of the present invention; Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the distribution state of the material receiving plate of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the push block distribution structure of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cutaway state of a material receiving plate of the present invention; Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the airbag and the jet tube of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Hardware vibration plate; 2. Storage container; 3. Automatic positioning transporter; 4. Directional puncher; 5. High-precision plastic parts grabber; 6. Inspector; 7. Rack; 8. Forming machine; 801. Timer; 802. Pusher; 803. Forming fixture; 804. Cooling water pipe; 805. Pick-up machine; 9. Connecting plate; 10. Motor; 11. Horizontal plate; 12. Column; 13. Receiving plate; 14. Ball; 15. Connecting spring; 16. Round plate; 17. Push block; 18. Auxiliary plate; 19. Force block; 20. Working plate; 21. Air bag; 22. Press plate; 23. Jet pipe; 24. Inlet pipe; 25. One-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a hardware accessories assembly device.

[0024] Embodiment 1: By setting the frame 7 and the hardware vibration plate 1, the hardware can be assembled quickly, such as Figures 1-10As shown in the figure, it includes a hardware vibrating bowl 1 and a frame 7. The hardware vibrating bowl 1 is arranged on the upper surface of the frame 7. A storage device 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the frame 7. An automatic positioning transporter 3 is arranged on the upper surface of the frame 7. And an orientation punching device 4 is arranged on the upper surface of the frame 7. An inspector 6 is arranged on the upper surface of the frame 7. A high-precision rubber part gripper 5 is arranged on the side of the inspector 6. And a shaping machine table 8 is arranged on the side of the frame 7. The shaping machine table 8 includes a timer 801, a push rod machine 802, a shaping fixture 803, a cooling water pipe 804, and a pick-up machine 805. The push rod machine 802 is arranged inside the timer 801. The shaping fixture 803 is arranged inside the push rod machine 802. And the cooling water pipe 804 is arranged on the outer wall of the shaping fixture 803. The pick-up machine 805 includes a rotary cylinder and a mechanical palm. A first stopper for preventing the hardware from falling is arranged inside the storage device 2. A first cylinder for positioning and guiding the hardware forward is arranged inside the orientation punching device 4. And a second cylinder for making the surface of the hardware contact with the rubber part is arranged inside the orientation punching device 4. The high-precision rubber part gripper 5 includes a fixture for grasping and controlling the rubber part. The high-precision rubber part gripper 5 also includes a slider for high-precision conveying. And a third cylinder for controlling the Z-axis direction is arranged inside the high-precision rubber part gripper 5. And a fourth cylinder for controlling the Y-axis direction is arranged inside the high-precision rubber part gripper 5. A second stopper is arranged inside the inspector 6. And a proximity switch is arranged inside the inspector 6.

[0025] During the use process, first, the hardware vibrating bowl 1 vibrates out the hardware parts orderly and enters the storage device 2. When the storage device 2 and the orientation punching device 4 are full of materials, the first stopper inside the storage device 2 blocks the hardware parts from falling, preventing them from moving away when the orientation punching device 4 is working and avoiding the situation of workpiece dropping. Then, the mechanical palm inside the pick-up machine 805 extracts the rubber parts from the external injection molding machine and sends them to the shaping machine table 8 for shaping. Then, the mechanical palm transports the rubber parts into the automatic positioning transporter 3 and aligns the rubber parts with the hardware. At this time, the second cylinder inside the orientation punching device 4 operates to make the hardware and the rubber parts fit together. The finished product slides down and enters the inspector 6. The proximity switch checks whether there is hardware. If not, it alarms. If there is, the second stopper opens, and the finished product flows into the next stage. The whole device has a high degree of automation and high working efficiency.

[0026] Embodiment 2: Different from Embodiment 1, by providing a vibrating receiving plate 13, the hardware parts can be quickly collected and discharged, reducing the subsequent workload of the staff. For example Figures 11-14As shown in the figure, a receiving plate 13 is connected to the inner wall of the frame 7 through a lifting mechanism; the front view of the connecting plate 9 is an inverted "U" shape, and a motor 10 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting plate 9. The output end of the motor 10 is fixedly connected to a circular plate 16, and a pushing block 17 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the circular plate 16. The lifting mechanism includes a cross plate 11 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame 7. A vertical column 12 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cross plate 11. The end of the vertical column 12 is fixedly connected to a spherical ball 14, and the diameter of the spherical ball 14 is larger than that of the vertical column 12. The receiving plates 13 are distributed in a staggered manner inside the frame 7, and the receiving plates 13 are sleeved on the surface of the vertical column 12, and the receiving plates 13 are distributed in an inclined shape.

[0027] The vertical columns 12 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the receiving plate 13, and a connecting spring 15 for elastic reset is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the receiving plate 13, and the other side of the connecting spring 15 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cross plate 11. A connecting rod is fixedly connected between adjacent receiving plates 13. Both sides of the receiving plate 13 are convex, and an auxiliary plate 18 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the receiving plate 13. A force-bearing block 19 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate 18. The surfaces of the force-bearing block 19 and the pushing block 17 are both arc-shaped structures, and the pushing blocks 17 are distributed at equal angles on the lower surface of the circular plate 16.

[0028] After blanking, the hardware parts will fall onto the receiving plate 13. At this time, the motor 10 on the upper surface of the connecting plate 9 is started. When the motor 10 works, it will drive the circular plate 16 and the pushing block 17 to rotate synchronously. At this time, the pushing block 17 will intermittently contact the force-bearing block 19. When the force-bearing block 19 is pushed by the pushing block 17, the force-bearing block 19, the auxiliary plate 18 and the receiving plate 13 will descend under the action of the thrust (the vertical column 12 makes the receiving plate 13 only descend in the vertical direction). At this time, the connecting spring 15 will be compressed. When the pushing block 17 continues to rotate to not push the force-bearing block 19, the force-bearing block 19, the auxiliary plate 18 and the receiving plate 13 will rise under the action of the connecting spring 15. Repeating the above process, the force-bearing block 19, the auxiliary plate 18 and the receiving plate 13 will do reciprocating linear motion in the vertical direction under the action of the thrust, the vertical column 12 and the connecting spring 15. At this time, the receiving plate 13 can better discharge the hardware parts, which is convenient for the staff to collect, improving the work efficiency. During the movement of the receiving plate 13, the spherical ball 14 limits the movement distance of the receiving plate 13, ensuring stability.

[0029] Embodiment 3: Different from Embodiment 2, by setting the airbag 21 and the air spraying pipe 23, the dust on the surface of the hardware parts can be cleaned, such as Figure 11 、 Figure 12 and Figure 15As shown, a connecting plate 9 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame 7, and a working plate 20 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame 7. Moreover, an airbag 21 is adhered to the upper surface of the working plate 20; a jet pipe 23 is fixedly connected to the side surface of the airbag 21, a pressing plate 22 is fixedly connected to the surface of the material receiving plate 13, and the lower surface of the pressing plate 22 is attached to the upper surface of the airbag 21. And the airbags 21 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the working plate 20. Jet orifices are equally spaced on the lower surface of the jet pipe 23. An air inlet pipe 24 is fixedly connected to the left side surface of the airbag 21, and one-way valves 25 are fixedly connected to the surfaces of both the air inlet pipe 24 and the jet pipe 23.

[0030] When the material receiving plate 13 descends, it will squeeze the airbag 21 through the pressing plate 22. When the airbag 21 is squeezed, the airbag 21 jets air onto the material receiving plate 13 through the jet pipe 23 and the jet orifices. At this time, the airflow will carry away impurities, thereby making the surface of the hardware more clean and facilitating the subsequent processing procedures of the hardware. When the material receiving plate 13 and the pressing plate 22 ascend, the airbag 21 loses pressure. At this time, the airbag 21 expands, and at this time, the airbag 21 is inflated through the air inlet pipe 24, facilitating the next use of the airbag 21. During the working process of the airbag 21, the jet pipe 23 and the air inlet pipe 24, the one-way valve 25 makes the airflow direction from the air inlet pipe 24 to the jet pipe 23, ensuring the stability of the operation of the airbag 21, the jet pipe 23 and the air inlet pipe 24.

[0031] The above is the working process of the entire device, and the content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0032] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hardware accessories assembly device, comprising a hardware vibration plate (1) and a frame (7), wherein the hardware vibration plate (1) is arranged on the upper surface of the frame (7), and a storage container (2) is arranged on the upper surface of the frame (7), and an automatic positioning transporter (3) is arranged on the upper surface of the frame (7), and a directional driver (4) is arranged on the upper surface of the frame (7); An inspector (6) is provided on the upper surface of the frame (7), a high-precision plastic part grabber (5) is provided on the side of the inspector (6), and a shaping machine (8) is provided on the side of the frame (7); Features: A material receiving plate (13) is connected to the inner wall of the frame (7) via a lifting mechanism; A connecting plate (9) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame (7), a working plate (20) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame (7), and an air bag (21) is bonded to the upper surface of the working plate (20); An air injection pipe (23) is fixedly connected to the side of the air bag (21).

2. A hardware accessories assembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaping machine (8) comprises a timer (801), a push-up machine (802), a shaping fixture (803), a cooling water pipe (804), and a take-up machine (805); The timer (801) is provided with a push-up machine (802) inside, and a shaping fixture (803) is provided inside the push-up machine (802), and a cooling water pipe (804) is provided on the outer wall of the shaping fixture (803), and the taking machine (805) comprises a rotating cylinder and a mechanical palm; The storage container (2) is provided with a stopper block for preventing the hardware from falling, the directional driver (4) is provided with a cylinder for positioning the hardware and guiding it forward, and the directional driver (4) is provided with a cylinder for allowing the surface of the hardware to contact the rubber part; The high-precision plastic gripper (5) comprises a clamp for gripping and controlling the plastic, and the high-precision plastic gripper (5) also comprises a slider for high-precision transmission, and a cylinder three for controlling the Z-axis direction is arranged inside the high-precision plastic gripper (5), and a cylinder four for controlling the Y-axis direction is arranged inside the high-precision plastic gripper (5); A second stopper is provided inside the inspector (6), and a proximity switch is provided inside the inspector (6).

3. A hardware accessories assembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting plate (9) is in an inverted "U" shape when viewed from the front, and a motor (10) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting plate (9), a circular plate (16) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (10), and a push block (17) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the circular plate (16).

4. A hardware accessories assembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism comprises a horizontal plate (11) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame (7), the upper surface of the horizontal plate (11) is fixedly connected to a column (12), and the end of the column (12) is fixedly connected to a ball (14), and the diameter of the ball (14) is greater than the diameter of the column (12).

5. A hardware accessories assembly device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material receiving plates (13) are distributed in a staggered manner inside the frame (7), and the material receiving plates (13) are sleeved and connected to the surface of the column (12), and the material receiving plates (13) are distributed in an inclined manner.

6. A hardware accessories assembly device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The uprights (12) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the receiving plate (13), and a connecting spring (15) having an elastic reset function is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the receiving plate (13), and the other side of the connecting spring (15) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the transverse plate (11).

7. The hardware accessories assembly device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Connecting rods are fixedly connected between adjacent material receiving plates (13), and both sides of the material receiving plates (13) are convex, and an auxiliary plate (18) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the material receiving plate (13), and a force-bearing block (19) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate (18), and the surface of the force-bearing block (19) and the surface of the push block (17) are both arc-shaped structures, and the push blocks (17) are distributed at equal angles on the lower surface of the circular plate (16).

8. The hardware accessories assembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressing plate (22) is fixedly connected to the surface of the material receiving plate (13), and the lower surface of the pressing plate (22) is in contact with the upper surface of the airbag (21), and the airbags (21) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the working plate (20).

9. The hardware accessories assembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the air injection pipe (23) is provided with air injection ports at equal intervals, and the left side surface of the air bag (21) is fixedly connected to an air intake pipe (24).

10. A hardware accessories assembly device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A one-way valve (25) is fixedly connected to the surface of the air inlet pipe (24) and the surface of the air jet pipe (23).

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