Perovskite cell and perovskite cell system

Abstract

The invention provides a perovskite cell and a perovskite cell system, the perovskite cell comprises a top-layer sub-cell, a middle sub-cell and a bottom-layer sub-cell, the top-layer sub-cell and the middle sub-cell are used for absorbing front light of the perovskite cell, the bottom-layer sub-cell is used for absorbing back light of the perovskite cell, and the bottom-layer sub-cell is used for absorbing back light of the perovskite cell. Every two adjacent sub-cells are connected through an insulating layer; positive and negative electrodes of the top-layer sub-battery and the bottom-layer sub-battery are connected in parallel or in series to output first power; the positive and negative electrodes of the middle sub-battery independently output second power; the total power of the perovskite cell is the sum of the first power and the second power. Therefore, in the invention, the top-layer sub-cell and the bottom-layer sub-cell are connected in parallel or in series, the middle sub-cells are independently connected, and the optimal matching of voltage and current between different layers is realized, so that the spectrum utilization maximization and the optimal matching of the voltage / current are realized; and the overall performance and stability of the perovskite cell are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of solar cells, and particularly to a perovskite battery and a perovskite battery system. Background Art

[0002] In a perovskite tandem battery formed by mechanical stacking, each sub-battery can operate independently electrically. Due to the different bandgap widths of each sub-battery and the different environments involved in each sub-battery (such as temperature, irradiance), there are significant differences in the output current and output voltage of each sub-battery, which may cause the output voltage or output current of the entire perovskite battery to be lower than the minimum normal operating range, thereby restricting the stability and efficiency of the overall system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application provides a perovskite battery and a perovskite battery system. The perovskite battery includes three independent sub-batteries. By setting the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery to be connected in parallel or in series and the middle sub-battery to be independently connected, through the optimized cooperation of voltages and currents between different layers, the maximization of spectral utilization and the best matching of voltage / current are achieved, enhancing the overall performance and stability of the perovskite battery.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a perovskite battery. The perovskite battery includes a top sub-battery, a middle sub-battery, and a bottom sub-battery. The top sub-battery and the middle sub-battery are used to absorb the front light of the perovskite battery, and the bottom sub-battery is used to absorb the back light of the perovskite battery. Adjacent two sub-batteries are connected through an insulating layer; the positive and negative electrodes of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery are connected in parallel or in series to output a first power; the positive and negative electrodes of the middle sub-battery independently output a second power; the total power of the perovskite battery is the sum of the first power and the second power.

[0005] In some embodiments, both the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery are thin-film batteries; the top sub-battery includes a perovskite thin film; the bottom sub-battery includes a perovskite thin film or a CIGS thin film.

[0006] In some embodiments, the bandgap width of the top sub-battery is 1.7 - 1.8 eV, the bandgap width of the middle sub-battery is 0.9 - 1.3 eV, and the bandgap width of the bottom sub-battery is 0.9 - 1.2 eV.

[0007] In some embodiments, the second power is:

[0008]

[0009] Where p 2 is the second power, u2 is the output voltage of the intermediate sub-cell, i 2 is the output current of the intermediate sub-cell, V 3 is the open-circuit voltage of the intermediate sub-cell, r 3 is the internal resistance of the intermediate sub-cell.

[0010] In some embodiments, the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell are connected in parallel, and the first power is:

[0011]

[0012] where p 1 is the first power, u 1 is the output voltage of the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell, i 11 is the output current of the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell, V 1 is the open-circuit voltage of the top sub-cell, V 2 is the open-circuit voltage of the bottom sub-cell, r 1 is the internal resistance of the top sub-cell, r 2 is the internal resistance of the bottom sub-cell.

[0013] In some embodiments, the positive and negative electrodes of the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell are arranged on the same side of the perovskite cell; the positive electrode of the top sub-cell is connected to the positive electrode of the bottom sub-cell, or the negative electrode of the top sub-cell is connected to the negative electrode of the bottom sub-cell.

[0014] In some embodiments, the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell are connected in series, and the first power is:

[0015]

[0016] where p 1 is the first power, u 1 is the output voltage of the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell, i 11 is the output current of the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell, V 1 is the open-circuit voltage of the top sub-cell, V 2 is the open-circuit voltage of the bottom sub-cell, r 1 is the internal resistance of the top sub-cell, r 2 is the internal resistance of the bottom sub-cell.

[0017] In some embodiments, the positive and negative electrodes of the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell are arranged on opposite sides of the perovskite cell; the positive electrode of the top sub-cell is connected to the negative electrode of the bottom sub-cell, or the negative electrode of the top sub-cell is connected to the positive electrode of the bottom sub-cell.

[0018] Second aspect, the present application provides a perovskite battery system, including an inverter and N battery modules. Each battery module includes M perovskite batteries. Each perovskite battery includes a top sub-battery, a middle sub-battery, and a bottom sub-battery. The top sub-battery and the middle sub-battery are used to absorb the front light of the perovskite battery, and the bottom sub-battery is used to absorb the back light of the perovskite battery. Adjacent two sub-batteries are connected through an insulating layer; N and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. The top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery of each perovskite battery in each battery module are connected in parallel to form an output positive electrode and an output negative electrode, and the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of adjacent two perovskite batteries are connected; Adjacent two middle sub-batteries in each battery module are connected in series; wherein, each battery module is used to output a third power and a fourth power to the inverter. The third power is the sum of the output powers of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery of a single perovskite battery; The fourth power is the sum of the output powers of the middle sub-batteries of a single perovskite battery.

[0019] In some embodiments, the output power of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery of a single perovskite battery is the first power, and the output power of the middle sub-battery of a single perovskite battery is the second power; The third power is: p 3 = M × p 1 ; The fourth power is: p 4 = M × p 2 ; The total power input to the inverter is: p 总 = N × p 3 + N × p 4 ;

[0020] The first power is:

[0021] The second power is:

[0022] Wherein, p 1 is the first power, p 2 is the second power, p 3 is the third power, p 4 is the fourth power, p 总 is the total power; u 1 is the output voltage of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery, i 1 is the output current of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery, V 1 is the open-circuit voltage of the top sub-battery, V 2 is the open-circuit voltage of the bottom sub-battery, r 1 is the internal resistance of the top sub-battery, r 2 is the internal resistance of the bottom sub-battery; u 2 is the output voltage of the middle sub-battery, i 2is the output current of the intermediate sub-cell, V 3 is the open-circuit voltage of the intermediate sub-cell, r 3 is the internal resistance of the intermediate sub-cell.

[0023] It can be seen that in this application, the perovskite battery includes a top sub-cell, an intermediate sub-cell, and a bottom sub-cell. The top sub-cell and the intermediate sub-cell are used to absorb the front light of the perovskite battery, and the bottom sub-cell is used to absorb the back light of the perovskite battery. Adjacent sub-cells are connected through an insulating layer; the positive and negative electrodes of the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell are connected in parallel or in series to output the first power; the positive and negative electrodes of the intermediate sub-cell independently output the second power; the total power of the perovskite battery is the sum of the first power and the second power. Therefore, in this application, by setting the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell to be connected in parallel or in series and the intermediate sub-cell to be independently connected, through the optimized cooperation of voltages and currents between different layers, the maximization of spectral utilization and the best matching of voltage / current are achieved, enhancing the overall performance and stability of the perovskite battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the perovskite battery provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the perovskite battery provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a front light and back light irradiation route diagram of the perovskite battery provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of the intermediate sub-cell;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the series circuit of a perovskite battery provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 6 is a series equivalent circuit diagram of the perovskite battery provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the parallel circuit of a perovskite battery provided by the embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 8 It is the parallel equivalent circuit diagram of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 9 It is the structural schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell system provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 10 It is the equivalent circuit diagram of the perovskite solar cell system provided by the embodiment of the present application. Specific embodiments

[0035] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally further includes steps or units not listed, or optionally further includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0037] Referring to "embodiments" herein means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The phrase appears in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0038] The "and / or" in the embodiments of the present application describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone; A and B exist simultaneously; B exists alone. Among them, A and B can be singular or plural.

[0039] In the embodiments of the present application, the symbol " / " can represent an "or" relationship between the front and rear associated objects. In addition, the symbol " / " can also represent a division sign, that is, perform a division operation. For example, A / B can represent A divided by B.

[0040] The "at least one (piece)" or its similar expression in the embodiments of the present application refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (piece) or plural items (pieces), meaning one or more, and multiple means two or more. For example, at least one (piece) of a, b, or c can represent the following seven cases: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, a, b, and c. Each of a, b, and c can be an element or a set containing one or more elements.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present application, "equal to" can be used in combination with "greater than" and is applicable to the technical solutions adopted when it is greater than, or can also be used in combination with "less than" and is applicable to the technical solutions adopted when it is less than. When "equal to" is used in combination with "greater than", it is not used in combination with "less than"; when "equal to" is used in combination with "less than", it is not used in combination with "greater than".

[0042] The perovskite tandem cell structure includes a top electrode layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a bottom electrode layer. After laser scribing, independent and segmented sub-cell regions are formed. Because the bandgap of the perovskite material is adjustable, it is possible to stack with photovoltaic cell technologies of other different technical solutions to form a tandem cell. By utilizing the inconsistent spectral ranges of natural light absorption by the solar photovoltaic cell technology materials of different technical solutions, the bandgap width of the solar cell is adjusted, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the tandem cell.

[0043] The sub-cells of the mechanically stacked tandem cell are connected through an insulating layer or even an air layer. Each sub-cell is independent and is not electrically restricted by other sub-cells at all. The adjustment of a single sub-cell will not affect the performance of other sub-cells except for their optical performance. However, due to the different bandgap widths of each sub-cell and the different environments (such as temperature and irradiance) involved in each sub-cell, there are significant differences in the output current and output voltage of each sub-cell, which may cause the output voltage or output current of the entire perovskite cell to be lower than the minimum normal operating range, thereby restricting the stability and efficiency of the overall system.

[0044] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a perovskite cell and a perovskite cell system. The perovskite cell includes three independent sub-cells. By setting the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell to be connected in parallel or in series, and the middle sub-cell to be independently connected, through the optimized cooperation of voltages and currents between different levels, the maximization of spectral utilization and the best matching of voltage / current are achieved, enhancing the overall performance and stability of the perovskite cell.

[0045] The technical solutions of the present application and how the technical solutions of the present application solve the above technical problems will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. These several specific embodiments below can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is a schematic structural diagram of a perovskite battery provided by an embodiment of the present application. The perovskite battery 1 includes a top sub-battery 10, an intermediate sub-battery 20, and a bottom sub-battery 30. Adjacent two sub-batteries are connected by an insulating layer 40.

[0047] Among them, the insulating layer 40 includes, but is not limited to, insulating substances such as air and encapsulation adhesive film.

[0048] In some embodiments, both the top sub-battery 10 and the bottom sub-battery 30 are thin-film batteries; the top sub-battery 10 includes a perovskite thin film; the bottom sub-battery 30 includes a perovskite thin film or a CIGS thin film. Using thin-film batteries can reduce the influence of irradiance changes on battery performance.

[0049] In some embodiments, the intermediate sub-battery 20 is a crystalline silicon battery; or the intermediate sub-battery 20 is a thin-film battery, and the intermediate sub-battery 20 includes a perovskite thin film or a CIGS thin film.

[0050] Among them, the intermediate sub-battery 20 can be crystalline silicon battery technologies such as HJT and Topcon, or thin-film battery technologies such as perovskite or CIGS.

[0051] Among them, the top sub-battery 10 and the intermediate sub-battery 20 are used to absorb the front light of the perovskite battery 1, and the bottom sub-battery 30 is used to absorb the back light of the perovskite battery 1. Specifically, in implementation:

[0052] As Figure 2 shown, each sub-battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a light-absorbing layer: the positive electrode of the top sub-battery 10 and the negative electrode of the bottom sub-battery 30 are photovoltaic substrates, and the negative electrode of the top sub-battery 10, the positive and negative electrodes of the intermediate sub-battery 20, and the positive electrode of the bottom sub-battery 30 are metal oxide TCOs.

[0053] Among them, the photovoltaic substrate is a glass substrate or a polymer substance plated with a metal oxide. The polymer substance includes, but is not limited to, polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), etc.

[0054] Among them, the metal oxide TCO includes at least one of FTO, ITO, AZO, and ZnO.

[0055] When the front light and the back light irradiate the perovskite cell 1, as Figure 3 shown, for the front light E 0 , the front light E 0 passes through the top sub-cell 10 and the middle sub-cell 20. In some embodiments, the bandgap width of the top sub-cell 10 is 1.7 - 1.8 eV, and the bandgap width of the middle sub-cell 20 is 0.9 - 1.3 eV. Since the bandgap width of the top sub-cell 10 is larger and the bandgap width of the middle sub-cell 20 is smaller, the top sub-cell 10 is used to absorb the short-wavelength light in the front light E 0 , and the middle sub-cell 20 is used to absorb the long-wavelength light in the front light E 0 . In some embodiments, the wavelength of the short-wavelength light is less than 720 nm, and the wavelength of the long-wavelength light is greater than 720 nm. At the same time, due to possible differences in the materials of the photovoltaic substrate of the top sub-cell 10, the negative electrode of the top sub-cell 10, the insulating layer, and the positive electrode of the middle sub-cell 20, and each material has a certain refractive index for the front light E 0 , thus generating reflected light E 1 , reflected light E 2 and reflected light E 3 .

[0056] For the back light E 4 , the back light E 4 passes through the bottom sub-cell 30. In some embodiments, the bandgap width of the bottom sub-cell 30 is 0.9 - 1.2 eV. The bottom sub-cell 30 mainly absorbs the scattered light of natural light, ground radiation, and secondary reflected light, etc., and can assist in improving the photoelectric efficiency of the entire perovskite cell 1. Similarly, due to possible differences in the materials of the photovoltaic substrate of the bottom sub-cell 30, the positive electrode of the bottom sub-cell 30, the insulating layer, and the positive electrode of the middle sub-cell 20, and each material has a certain refractive index for the back light E 4 , thus generating reflected light E 5 , reflected light E 6 , reflected light E 7 and reflected light E 8 .

[0057] Among them, in the circuit connection of the top sub-cell 10, the middle sub-cell 20, and the bottom sub-cell 30, the positive and negative electrodes of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 are connected in parallel or in series to output the first power; the positive and negative electrodes of the middle sub-cell 20 independently output the second power; the total power of the perovskite cell 1 is the sum of the first power and the second power.

[0058] Among them, the middle sub-cell 20 independently outputs the second power, as shown in Figure 4 , Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of the middle sub-cell 20. Theoretically, the second power of the middle sub-cell 20 is:

[0059]

[0060] where p 2 is the second power, u 2 is the output voltage of the middle sub-cell 20, i 2 is the output current of the middle sub-cell 20, V 3 is the open-circuit voltage of the middle sub-cell 20, and r 3 is the internal resistance of the middle sub-cell 20.

[0061] It should be noted that in the actual use process, the middle sub-cell 20 also includes an external circuit resistance R 2 , and the actual power of the middle sub-cell 20 needs to be determined according to the open-circuit voltage V 3 of the middle sub-cell 20, its internal resistance r 3 , and the external circuit resistance R 2 again.

[0062] Among them, the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 are connected in parallel or in series to output the first power. Specifically:

[0063] See Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the series circuit of a perovskite battery provided by an embodiment of the present application. The positive and negative electrodes of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 are arranged on the opposite sides of the perovskite battery 1; the positive electrode of the top sub-cell 10 is connected to the negative electrode of the bottom sub-cell 30, or the negative electrode of the top sub-cell 10 is connected to the positive electrode of the bottom sub-cell 30.

[0064] When connected in series, the current of the battery pack is determined by the weakest battery. The current of a photovoltaic cell is proportional to the irradiance, and the voltage is proportional to the bandgap width. The irradiance of the top sub-cell 10 is stronger, and the irradiance of the bottom sub-cell 30 is weaker. Therefore, the current of the bottom sub-cell 30 is lower than that of the top sub-cell 10, and the voltage changes little. Therefore, the series connection method is suitable for conditions where the front and back light conditions are relatively uniform, for example, at a specific angle or condition, when the irradiance intensity difference between the front and back is small, or when the minimum irradiance of the back battery is sufficient to support the series current output, the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 can be connected in series to increase the output voltage while ensuring current matching.

[0065] In some embodiments, see Figure 6 , Figure 6The series equivalent circuit diagram of the perovskite battery provided by the embodiment of the present application. The top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 are connected in series. Theoretically, the first power of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 is:

[0066]

[0067] where p 1 is the first power, u 1 is the output voltage of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30, i 1 is the output current of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30, V 1 is the open-circuit voltage of the top sub-cell 10, V 2 is the open-circuit voltage of the bottom sub-cell 30, r 1 is the internal resistance of the top sub-cell 10, r 2 is the internal resistance of the bottom sub-cell 30.

[0068] It should be noted that in the actual use process, the circuit composed of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 further includes an external circuit resistance R 1 . The actual power of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 needs to be determined according to the open-circuit voltage V 1 of the top sub-cell 10 and its internal resistance r 1 , the bottom sub-cell 30 and its internal resistance r 3 , and the external circuit resistance R 1 .

[0069] See Figure 7 , Figure 7 which is the schematic diagram of the parallel circuit of the perovskite battery provided by the embodiment of the present application. The positive and negative electrodes of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 are arranged on the same side of the perovskite battery 1; the positive electrode of the top sub-cell 10 is connected to the positive electrode of the bottom sub-cell 30, or the negative electrode of the top sub-cell 10 is connected to the negative electrode of the bottom sub-cell 30.

[0070] When connected in parallel, the current in each branch can flow independently, and the total current of the battery pack is the sum of the currents of all branches. Therefore, for batteries under different irradiance conditions, the irradiance of the backlight is small, and the irradiance of the front light is large, resulting in a small current in the bottom sub-cell 30 and a large current in the top sub-cell 10, but it does not affect the normal operation of the battery. The parallel design is suitable when the light is uneven or the irradiance intensity difference between the front and back is large. Parallel connection can effectively reduce the performance loss caused by current mismatch or temperature difference, especially in a complex natural environment (such as shadow, haze, temperature difference change, etc.).

[0071] In some embodiments, see Figure 8, Figure 8 This is the parallel equivalent circuit diagram of the perovskite battery provided by the embodiment of the present application. The top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 are connected in parallel, and the first power is:

[0072]

[0073] where p 1 is the first power, u 1 is the output voltage of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30, i 1 is the output current of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30, V 1 is the open-circuit voltage of the top sub-cell 10, V 2 is the open-circuit voltage of the bottom sub-cell 30, r 1 is the internal resistance of the top sub-cell 10, r 2 is the internal resistance of the bottom sub-cell 30.

[0074] It should be noted that in the actual use process, the circuit formed by the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 further includes an external circuit resistance R 1 . The actual power of the top sub-cell 10 and the bottom sub-cell 30 needs to be determined according to the open-circuit voltage V 1 of the top sub-cell 10 and its internal resistance r 1 , the bottom sub-cell 30 and its internal resistance r 3 , and the external circuit resistance R 1 again.

[0075] In some embodiments, the output power of the perovskite battery 1 is: p = p 1 + p 2 .

[0076] It can be seen that in the present application, the perovskite battery includes a top sub-cell, an intermediate sub-cell, and a bottom sub-cell. The top sub-cell and the intermediate sub-cell are used to absorb the front light of the perovskite battery, and the bottom sub-cell is used to absorb the back light of the perovskite battery. Adjacent two sub-cells are connected through an insulating layer; the positive and negative electrodes of the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell are connected in parallel or in series to output the first power; the positive and negative electrodes of the intermediate sub-cell independently output the second power; the total power of the perovskite battery is the sum of the first power and the second power. Therefore, in the present application, by setting the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell to be connected in parallel or in series and the intermediate sub-cell to be independently connected, through the optimized cooperation of the voltage and current between different layers, the maximization of spectral utilization and the best matching of voltage / current are achieved, enhancing the overall performance and stability of the perovskite battery.

[0077] Please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9Schematic diagram of the perovskite battery system 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application, as Figure 9 shown, the perovskite battery system 100 includes an inverter and N battery modules. Each battery module includes M perovskite batteries. That is to say, the perovskite battery system 100 is a battery matrix composed of N×M perovskite batteries connected in parallel and in series. N and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0078] Among them, see Figure 10 , Figure 10 Equivalent circuit diagram of the perovskite battery system provided by the embodiment of the present application. In the horizontal axis direction, the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery of each perovskite battery in each battery module are connected in parallel to form an output positive electrode and an output negative electrode, and the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of two adjacent perovskite batteries are connected; two adjacent intermediate sub-batteries in each battery module are connected in series.

[0079] In some embodiments, the output power of the top sub-batteries and the bottom sub-batteries of N battery modules is aggregated to the first connection line and then output to the inverter, and the output power of the intermediate sub-batteries of N battery modules is aggregated to the second connection line and then output to the inverter.

[0080] Among them, each battery module is used to output a third power and a fourth power to the inverter. The third power is the sum of the output powers of the top sub-batteries and the bottom sub-batteries of M perovskite batteries; the fourth power is the sum of the output powers of the intermediate sub-batteries of M perovskite batteries.

[0081] In some embodiments, the structure of a single perovskite battery is the same as that of the perovskite battery structure shown in Figure 7 , which will not be elaborated here.

[0082] In some embodiments, the output power of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery of a single perovskite battery is the first power, and the output power of the intermediate sub-battery of a single perovskite battery is the second power; the third power is: p 3 =M×p 1 ; the fourth power is: p 4 =M×p 2 ; the total power input to the inverter is: p 总 =N×p 3 +N×p 4 ;

[0083] The first power is:

[0084] The second power is:

[0085] Among them, p 1 is the first power, p2 is the second power, p 3 is the third power, p 4 is the fourth power, p 总 is the total power; u 1 is the output voltage of the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell, i 1 is the output current of the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell, V 1 is the open-circuit voltage of the top sub-cell, V 2 is the open-circuit voltage of the bottom sub-cell, r 1 is the internal resistance of the top sub-cell, r 2 is the internal resistance of the bottom sub-cell; u 2 is the output voltage of the middle sub-cell, i 2 is the output current of the middle sub-cell, V 3 is the open-circuit voltage of the middle sub-cell, r 3 is the internal resistance of the middle sub-cell.

[0086] In this application, the mention of "embodiment" and "implementation manner" means that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in combination with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of the phrase at various positions in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments. In addition, it should also be understood that the features, structures, or characteristics described in each embodiment of this application can be combined arbitrarily without contradiction to form another embodiment that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this application.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above implementation manners are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and not to limit them. Although the technical solutions of this application have been described in detail with reference to the above preferred implementation manners, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions of this application should not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this application.

Claims

1. A perovskite battery, characterized in that: The perovskite cell comprises a top subcell, a middle subcell and a bottom subcell, wherein the top subcell and the middle subcell are used to absorb the front light of the perovskite cell, and the bottom subcell is used to absorb the back light of the perovskite cell, and two adjacent subcells are connected by an insulating layer; The positive and negative electrodes of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery are connected in parallel or in series to output a first power; The positive and negative electrodes of the intermediate sub-battery independently output a second power; The total power of the perovskite cell is the sum of the first power and the second power.

2. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top layer sub-cell and the bottom layer sub-cell are both thin film batteries; The top subcell includes a perovskite film; The bottom subcell includes a perovskite film or a CIGS film.

3. The perovskite battery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The band gap width of the top subcell is 1.7-1.8 eV, the band gap width of the middle subcell is 0.9-1.3 eV, and the band gap width of the bottom subcell is 0.9-1.2 eV.

4. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second power is: Among them, p2 is the second power, u2 is the output voltage of the middle sub-battery, i2 is the output current of the middle sub-battery, V3 is the open circuit voltage of the middle sub-battery, and r3 is the internal resistance of the middle sub-battery.

5. The perovskite battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell are connected in parallel, and the first power is: Among them, p1 is the first power, u1 is the output voltage of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery, i 11 is the output current of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery, V1 is the open circuit voltage of the top sub-battery, V2 is the open circuit voltage of the bottom sub-battery, r1 is the internal resistance of the top sub-battery, and r2 is the internal resistance of the bottom sub-battery.

6. The perovskite battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positive and negative electrodes of the top subcell and the bottom subcell are arranged on the same side of the perovskite cell; The positive electrode of the top subcell is connected to the positive electrode of the bottom subcell, or the negative electrode of the top subcell is connected to the negative electrode of the bottom subcell.

7. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell are connected in series, and the first power is: Among them, p1 is the first power, u1 is the output voltage of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery, i 11 is the output current of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery, V1 is the open circuit voltage of the top sub-battery, V2 is the open circuit voltage of the bottom sub-battery, r1 is the internal resistance of the top sub-battery, and r2 is the internal resistance of the bottom sub-battery.

8. The perovskite cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The positive and negative electrodes of the top subcell and the bottom subcell are arranged on opposite sides of the perovskite cell; The positive electrode of the top subcell is connected to the negative electrode of the bottom subcell, or the negative electrode of the top subcell is connected to the positive electrode of the bottom subcell.

9. A perovskite battery system, characterized in that: It includes an inverter and N battery modules, each battery module includes M perovskite cells, each perovskite cell includes a top sub-cell, a middle sub-cell and a bottom sub-cell, the top sub-cell and the middle sub-cell are used to absorb the front light of the perovskite cell, the bottom sub-cell is used to absorb the back light of the perovskite cell, and two adjacent sub-cells are connected by an insulating layer; N and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1; The top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell of each perovskite cell in each battery assembly are connected in parallel to form an output positive electrode and an output negative electrode, and the output positive electrodes of two adjacent perovskite cells are connected to the output negative electrodes; Two adjacent middle sub-batteries in each battery assembly are connected in series; Among them, each battery assembly is used to output a third power and a fourth power to the inverter, the third power is the sum of the output powers of the top sub-cells and the bottom sub-cells of the M perovskite cells; the fourth power is the sum of the output powers of the middle sub-cells of the M perovskite cells.

10. The perovskite battery system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The output power of the top subcell and the bottom subcell of a single perovskite cell is a first power, and the output power of the middle subcell of a single perovskite cell is a second power; The third power is: p3=M×p1; The fourth power is: p4=M×p2; The total power input to the inverter is: p 总 =N×p3+N×p4; The first power is: The second power is: Among them, p1 is the first power, p2 is the second power, p3 is the third power, p4 is the fourth power, p 总 is the total power; u1 is the output voltage of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery, i1 is the output current of the top sub-battery and the bottom sub-battery, V1 is the open circuit voltage of the top sub-battery, V2 is the open circuit voltage of the bottom sub-battery, r1 is the internal resistance of the top sub-battery, r2 is the internal resistance of the bottom sub-battery; u2 is the output voltage of the middle sub-battery, i2 is the output current of the middle sub-battery, V3 is the open circuit voltage of the middle sub-battery, and r3 is the internal resistance of the middle sub-battery.

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