Automatic transition power boost mode lamp for machine vision

Abstract

Apparatus and associated methods relate to a dual mode power conditioning system (DMPRS) having an energy storage device configured to store energy from a power source. In an illustrative example, the DMPRS may include a passive mode switching circuit (PMSC). For example, the PMSC may regulate a current output from an energy storage device to a passive electrical load (PEL). For example, in a high power mode, the PMSC adjusts the current output to be greater than the rated power of the power supply. For example, when energy stored in the energy storage device is dissipated, the PMSC may passively and automatically transition to a steady state mode. For example, in a steady state mode, the output power may remain above a minimum operating current, such that the PEL may operate normally. Various embodiments may advantageously provide energy pulses above rated power to the PEL.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 383,422, filed on November 11, 2022, entitled "Auto - Transition Power Boost Mode Light", by William Theunissen.

[0003] This application hereby incorporates by reference the entire content of the foregoing application.

[0004] The subject matter of this application may have common inventorship with and / or may be related to the subject matter of the following applications:

[0005] PCT Application No. PCT / US2023 / 075143, filed on September 26, 2023, entitled "Reconfigurable Detection Windows with Dynamically Activated Detection Arrays", by Charles Dolezalek et al.

[0006] PCT Application No. PCT / US2022 / 078548, filed on October 21, 2022, entitled "Distributed Communication and Control System Using Concurrent Multi - Channel Master Unit", by Robert T. Fayfield et al.

[0007] U.S. Application No. 17 / 823,312, filed on August 30, 2022, entitled "Field Installable Light Curtain Side Status Module", by Nick Olsen et al.

[0008] PCT Application No. PCT / US2022 / 075677, filed on August 30, 2022, entitled "Field Installable Light Curtain Side Status Module", by Nick Olsen et al.

[0009] U.S. application Ser. No. 17 / 823,361, filed Aug. 30, 2022, by Chunmei Kang et al., titled "Self-Contained Range Detection Systems with Reconfigurable Chatter-Mitigated Output Indication".

[0010] PCT application Ser. No. PCT / US2022 / 075689, filed Aug. 30, 2022, by Chunmei Kang et al., titled "Self-Contained Range Detection Systems with Reconfigurable Chatter-Mitigated Output Indication".

[0011] U.S. application Ser. No. 15 / 458,705, filed Mar. 14, 2017, by William Theunissen et al., titled "Dual Input Voltage Constant Power Indicator", which was issued as U.S. Patent 10,405,407 on Aug. 7, 2018.

[0012] U.S. application Ser. No. 15 / 222,429, filed Jul. 28, 2016, by Charles Dolezalek et al., titled "Omni-Directional In-Line Illumination Indicator Device", which was issued as U.S. Patent 10,347,092 on Jul. 9, 2019.

[0013] This application hereby incorporates by reference the entire contents of the foregoing applications. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0014] Various embodiments generally relate to methods and apparatus for passive and automatic power regulation.

[0015] BACKGROUND

[0016] Machine vision, sometimes also referred to as computer vision, is an application of artificial intelligence and computer science to enable machines, particularly computers, to interpret and understand visual information. For example, machine vision can involve algorithms, software, and hardware systems to extract meaningful insights and make decisions based on images and videos.

[0017] For example, the system can use machine vision algorithms and can be configured to interpret and / or react to visual data processed by the machine vision algorithms. Machine vision algorithms and systems can be used in many fields, including manufacturing, healthcare, autonomous vehicles, security, agriculture, etc. For example, by leveraging cameras and sensors, machine vision systems can capture and analyze images to perform tasks including object recognition, motion tracking, quality control, and scene understanding.

[0018] A machine vision system can include an image sensor (e.g., CCD and CMOS sensors, optical cameras), a processing unit (e.g., CPU and GPU), and a memory device storing machine vision algorithms for extracting relevant information from images and videos captured by the image sensor. For example, machine vision algorithms can include image filtering, feature extraction, pattern recognition, and deep learning. In some examples, artificial intelligence can be used. For example, deep neural networks (e.g., convolutional neural networks (CNNs)) can be used to advance machine vision capabilities to improve the accuracy of performing "intelligent" tasks including image classification and object detection.

[0019] Illumination plays a crucial role in machine vision systems. For example, illumination can significantly affect the effectiveness and performance of machine vision systems. For example, appropriate illumination may be essential for capturing high-quality images and videos, which are essential for accurate interpretation and analysis. In machine vision applications, illumination can, for example, be designed to enhance contrast, reduce shadows, and / or highlight specific features of objects within the field of view. Various illumination techniques (e.g., uniform illumination, directional illumination, and strobe illumination) can be employed to ensure optimal visibility and clarity of visual data. In some examples, insufficient and / or inappropriate illumination may lead to challenges in image processing.

[0020] Overview

[0021] The apparatus and associated method relate to a dual-mode power regulation system (DMPRS) having an energy storage device configured to store energy from a power source. In an illustrative example, the DMPRS can include a passive mode switching circuit (PMSC). For example, the PMSC can regulate the current output from the energy storage device to a passive electrical load (PEL). For example, in the high-power mode, the PMSC regulates the current output to be greater than the rated power of the power source. For example, when the energy stored in the energy storage device is dissipated, the PMSC can passively and automatically transition to the steady-state mode. For example, in the steady-state mode, the output power can be maintained above the minimum operating current such that the PEL can operate normally. Various embodiments can advantageously provide energy pulses to the PEL that are higher than the rated power.

[0022] The apparatus and associated method relate to a Selective Pulse Light Emitting Diode System (SPLEDS) configured to provide high-intensity light in a Machine Vision System (MVS). In an illustrative example, the SPLEDS can be coupled to a standard power supply configured to charge an Energy Storage Device (ESD) at a nominal current. During high-power mode, the ESD can discharge an LED current higher than the nominal current to an LED module. The LED module can, for example, emit high-intensity light for the MVS to advantageously capture images without motion blur. For example, in high-power mode, the SPLEDS can include an LED regulator circuit to maintain the same current through the LED module, thereby maintaining a stable light output. Various embodiments can advantageously reduce the power requirements of the SPLEDS to reduce the space requirements and the risk of safety hazards of the SPLEDS.

[0023] Various embodiments can achieve one or more advantages. For example, some embodiments can advantageously protect the power supply from overcurrent. For example, some embodiments can advantageously provide a stun light for military personnel. For example, some embodiments can advantageously provide fast charging of the energy storage device. Some embodiments can, for example, advantageously linearly switch to operate in a steady-state mode using a nominal current, thereby emitting dimmer light. For example, some embodiments can advantageously provide pulsed light for high-resolution image capture for machine vision processing.

[0024] Details of various embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 An exemplary Adjustable Light Machine Vision System (ALMVS) employed in an illustrative use case scenario is depicted.

[0027] Figure 2 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary Selective Pulse Light Emitting Diode System (SPLEDS).

[0028] Figure 3A 、 Figure 3B 、 Figure 3C 、 Figure 3D and Figure 3E depict an exemplary electrical schematic of an exemplary SPLEDS.

[0029] Figure 4 depicts a graph showing an exemplary power output from the SPLEDS.

[0030] Figure 5A and Figure 5B depicts an illustrative SPLEDS in a first exemplary form factor.

[0031] Figure 5C An illustrative SPLEDS is depicted in a second exemplary form factor.

[0032] Figure 6 is a flowchart showing an exemplary SPLEDS design method.

[0033] Figure 7 is a flowchart showing an exemplary SPLEDS operation method.

[0034] Like reference symbols in the various figures indicate like elements.

[0035] Detailed Description of Illustrative Embodiments

[0036] For ease of understanding, this document is organized as follows. First, to aid in introducing the discussion of the various embodiments, reference Figures 1 - 2 introduces the Adjustable Light Machine Vision System (ALMVS). Second, this introduction brings in reference Figures 3A - 3E to the description of some exemplary embodiments of the Selective Pulse Light Emitting Diode System. Third, reference Figure 4 is made to the charging and recharging cycles applied to the Selective Pulse Light Emitting Diode System. Fourth, reference Figures 5A - 5C is made, and the discussion turns to exemplary embodiments illustrating various exemplary placements of energy storage devices in the Selective Pulse Light Emitting Diode System. Fifth, reference Figures 6 - 7 is made, and this document describes exemplary devices and methods for designing and operating the Selective Pulse Light Emitting Diode System. Finally, the document discusses additional embodiments, exemplary applications, and aspects related to the Selective Pulse Light Emitting Diode System.

[0037] Figure 1 An exemplary Adjustable Light Machine Vision System (ALMVS100) employed in an illustrative use case scenario is depicted. As an illustrative example, ALMVS100 can be used in an automatic pick-and-place application. For example, the automatic pick-and-place application can include controlling a robotic arm based on one or more images captured by a machine vision module (e.g., a camera and a machine vision processing engine). In this example, ALMVS100 includes a robot 105 configured to retrieve an item from a container 110. For example, the robot 105 can place the retrieved item on a conveyor belt 115.

[0038] As shown, ALMVS100 includes a Machine Vision Module (MVM 120). In some implementations, MVM 120 can include a camera. For example, the camera can be configured to capture images from the container 110. For example, MVM 120 can include an image processing engine to process one or more images captured from the container. For example, based on the processing results, MVM 120 can identify and / or locate the item to be retrieved from the container 110.

[0039] In some examples, the MVM 120 may from time to time require large light pulses to capture higher quality images for image processing. In this example, the ALMVS 100 includes a light emitting diode module (LED module 125) and an LED control unit (LCU 130). The LED module 125 is configured to supply light to the MVM 120. In some examples, high-intensity light may be required to capture clear images. For example, by supplying high-intensity light to capture clear and high-resolution images, the LCU 130 can advantageously reduce the image processing time of the MVM 120.

[0040] In some embodiments, the MVM 120 and the LED module 125 can be coordinately controlled by an artificial intelligence (AI) module. For example, the AI module can use the MVM 120 to view the container 110 to determine the overall size and shape of an item (e.g., a package, a product). In some embodiments, the AI module can determine how the robot 105 can retrieve the item (e.g., by determining a pick-up route to the item, by determining a pick-up force, by suction).

[0041] In some examples, the ALMVS 100 may require high-intensity (e.g., bright) pulsed light to reduce motion blur because the robot 105 and / or the conveyor belt 115 may be moving. For example, when the robot 105 is moving, the MVM 120 may require high-intensity pulsed light because the camera may receive very few photons, resulting in a darker captured image. For example, a low-light image may include motion blur. To eliminate and / or reduce motion blur, for example, the LED module 125 may need to provide high-intensity light for a short period of time for image capture by the MVM 120. In various embodiments, the LED module 125 can be configured to provide very bright pulsed light (e.g., LED light over 300W) to advantageously reduce motion blur in the images captured by the MVM 120.

[0042] In this example, the LCU 130 is coupled to a power supply 135. For example, the power supply 135 can include a rated power that specifies the safety power limit of the power supply 135. For example, the power supply 135 can be a standard power supply (e.g., a Class 2 power supply such as defined by Part 28 of the Underwriters Laboratories UL1310 standard in the United States, a limited power supply such as defined by the International Electric Code IEC62368-1 standard). For example, it may be required that the power supply 135 includes at least a rated power higher than the average power consumption of the LED module 125.

[0043] As an illustrative example, by way of example and not limitation, power supply 135 can supply up to 100W of power. For example, when the average power demand from LED module 125 is less than 100W, power supply 135 may be sufficient. However, for example, when LCU 130 requires high-intensity pulsed light, LED module 125 may require power higher than the rated power of power supply 135. As an illustrative example and not limitation, in ALMVS 100, LED module 125 may require 30W 90% of the time and 300W (very bright pulsed light) 10% of the time. For example, the power demand may be only 30W. In some applications (e.g., in machine vision applications for identifying object trays moving on a conveyor belt), ALMVS 100 may be off 90% of the time (e.g., 0W of power is required at the LED module) and at high-intensity power (e.g., 300W) 10% of the time.

[0044] In various embodiments, using a standard power supply can advantageously reduce the additional wiring and safety features (e.g., dedicated AC breakers designed for higher-power devices) required for using a high-power power supply (e.g., a Class 1 power supply). In various examples, a higher-power power supply may be larger in size. Thus, using a standard power supply can advantageously reduce the space required to install power supply 135 at the working device.

[0045] LCU 130 receives power from power supply 135 and supplies regulated power to LED module 125.

[0046] As shown, LCU 130 includes an automatic brightness control circuit (ABCC 140). For example, ABCC 140 can (optionally) be operably coupled to remote control 160 to regulate the power supplied to LED module 125. For example, ABCC 140 can receive a signal from remote control 160 to increase the light intensity. For example, remote control 160 can be wirelessly connected to ABCC 140. For example, remote control 160 can be connected to ABCC 140 via a data cable.

[0047] ABCC 140 is operably coupled to current boost module 145. For example, current boost module 145 can include one or more energy storage devices. Current boost module 145 can, for example, receive a first maximum input power. Current boost module 145 can, for example, output a second maximum output power greater than the first maximum input power.

[0048] As shown in the figure, the current boost module 145 receives power from the power supply 135 via the over-power protection module 150. For example, the current boost module 145 may include an electronic device for storing electricity. In some embodiments, the current boost module 145 may include electronic components configured for rapid energy storage. For example, the current boost module 145 may include a supercapacitor. For example, the energy storage device of the current boost module 145 may include a battery.

[0049] In some embodiments, the current boost module 145 may be configured to store the charge supplied from the power supply 135. For example, the current boost module 145 may store sufficient energy to discharge to the LED module 125 within a predetermined maximum discharge duration (e.g., 2.5 ms, 3 ms, 3.5 ms, 5 ms). For example, the LED module 125 may be operated to emit high-intensity light when the current boost module 145 is discharging to the LED module 125. In some embodiments, the predetermined maximum discharge duration may be determined according to the energy storage capacity (e.g., capacitance, battery capacity) of the current boost module 145.

[0050] In some embodiments, after the charge is dissipated from the current boost module 145, the LCU 130 may supply power to the MVM 120 directly from the power supply 135 at the nominal power of the power supply 135, for example. For example, the current boost module 145 may operate in a "bypass" mode that allows current to flow from the power supply 135 to the LED module 125. In this case, for example, the LED module 125 may operate at a lower intensity.

[0051] The LCU 130 also includes an over-power protection module 150 and an LED protection module 155. In some embodiments, the over-power protection module 150 may include a circuit for limiting the current drawn from the power supply 135. For example, the over-power protection module 150 may protect the power supply 135 from supplying excessive current. For example, the over-power protection module 150 may limit the power supply 135 to draw only a predetermined power (e.g., 25 W, 50 W, 75 W, 80 W) and / or current (e.g., 100 mA, 1.5 A, 3.6 A) at the peak charging rate. In some embodiments, the LED protection module 155 may include a circuit for limiting the current flowing to the LED module 125. For example, the LED protection module 155 may protect the LED module 125 from being damaged by excessive current supplied from the LCU 130.

[0052] In various embodiments, the LCU 130 can operate the LED module 125 in a steady state mode and a high power mode using the ABCC 140. In the high power mode, the ABCC 140 can discharge, for example, charge from the current boost module 145 to the LED module 125. For example, the LED module 125 can emit high intensity light after receiving the discharged energy to advantageously assist in the image processing of the MVM 120. In some embodiments, after the charge is discharged from the current boost module 145 (e.g., the output voltage of the ABCC 140 can be less than a predetermined threshold), the LCU 130 can passively and automatically transition to the steady state mode to supply nominal power to the LED module 125. For example, the LCU 130 can transition to the steady state mode without changing the power requirements at the LED module 125. For example, by switching to the steady state mode, the LCU 130 can advantageously protect the power supply 135 from overcurrent. In the steady state mode, in some embodiments, the LED module 125 can continue to emit dimmer light based on lower power (e.g., reduced current). For example, the LED module 125 can include a minimum operating current that is lower than the peak discharge current in the high power mode. Various embodiments can advantageously allow the use of a standard power supply to generate high light intensity light for image capture operations for machine vision processing.

[0053] Figure 2 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary selective pulse light emitting diode system (SPLEDS 200). For example, the SPLEDS 200 can be used in the ALMVS 100. For example, the SPLEDS 200 can include the LCU 130. In this example, the SPLEDS 200 includes an energy storage charging circuit (ESCC 205), an energy storage device 210, a switch 215, and one or more LEDs 220.

[0054] By way of example and not limitation, the ESCC 205 can be implemented as the over power protection module 150. In some embodiments, the ESCC 205 can control the charging of the energy storage device 210. For example, the ESCC 205 can control the current flowing into the energy storage device 210. In some embodiments, the ESCC 205 can regulate the current flowing into the energy storage device 210. For example, the ESCC 205 can also set the maximum current flowing to the SPLEDS 200 and one or more LEDs 220. In some embodiments, when the energy storage device 210 is discharging, the ESCC 205 can also allow current to flow to one or more LEDs 220 when the energy storage device 210 is out of power.

[0055] By way of example and not limitation, the energy storage device 210 may be implemented as the current boost module 145. The energy storage device 210 may include, for example, an electromechanical energy storage device. In some embodiments, for example, the energy storage device 210 may include one or more capacitors. In some examples, the energy storage device 210 may include one or more supercapacitors. By way of example and not limitation, the energy storage device 210 may include one or more batteries. In some embodiments, for example, the energy storage device 210 may be selected based on the determined pulse width, the determined pulse amplitude, and / or the determined pulse frequency of the power required in the high power mode as described with reference to Figure 1 The energy storage device 210 may be selected based on the determined pulse width, the determined pulse amplitude, and / or the determined pulse frequency of the power required in the high power mode as described with reference to

[0056] The switch 215 and / or the switch control circuit 225 may be implemented as the ABCC 140, for example. In this example, the switch 215 is controlled by the switch control circuit 225. For example, the switch 215 and the switch control circuit 225 may connect and disconnect the energy storage device 210 from the LED(s) 220. In some embodiments, the switch control circuit 225 may receive an (external) control signal of the lamp (e.g., from the remote controller 160) to turn on and off the switch 215. For example, the control signal may be received independently of the current operation mode of the LED(s) 220 (e.g., high power mode, steady state mode, charging / deactivation mode).

[0057] The SPLEDS 200 further includes an LED control circuit 230. In some embodiments, by way of example and not limitation, the LED control circuit 230 may be implemented as the LED protection module 155. The LED control circuit 230 may set the current flowing to the LED(s) 220, for example, by controlling the discharge rate from the energy storage device 210. In some embodiments, the LED control circuit 230 may allow a current higher than the current limit set by the ESCC 205 to be drawn from the energy storage device 210.

[0058] As an illustrative example, the LED(s) 220 may be selected to operate at a predetermined peak pulse current 235 and a predetermined minimum operable current 240 from the SPLEDS 200. For example, the predetermined peak pulse current 235 may include an operating rating with the maximum current without damaging the LED(s) 220.

[0059] In some embodiments, the LED control circuit 230 can be configured to regulate the current flowing from the energy storage device 210 to the LED(s) 220 to be less than the maximum current. For example, the predetermined minimum operable current 240 can include the minimum current required to cause the LED(s) 220 to emit light. For example, the LED(s) 220 can generate light whose intensity is proportional to the received current (e.g., directly, indirectly, linearly, non-linearly).

[0060] As shown, the ESCC 205 includes a maximum input current limit circuit (MICLC 245) associated with the predetermined minimum operable current 240. In some embodiments, based on the predetermined minimum operable current 240, an electrical engineer can design the MICLC 245 to regulate the input current that will flow via the energy storage device 210 to the LED(s) 220. For example, the MICLC 245 can include a transistor circuit configured to allow the input current to flow to the LED(s) 220 to keep the LED(s) 220 operating when the energy storage device 210 is depleted.

[0061] In this example, the LED control circuit 230 includes a maximum pulse current limit circuit (MPCLC 250) associated with the predetermined peak pulse current 235. In some embodiments, an electrical engineer can design the MPCLC 250 to regulate the pulse current flowing through the LED(s) 220 in the high-intensity mode. For example, the MLCLC 245 can include a transistor circuit configured to draw a larger current than that allowed by the MICLC 245 of the ESCC 205.

[0062] As an illustrative example and without limitation, in operation, when the switch 215 disconnects the LED(s) 220, current can flow (e.g., from the power supply 135) into the SPLEDS200 to charge the energy storage device 210. For example, the charging current can be set within the current limit in the ESCC 205 to advantageously prevent damage to the external power supply (e.g., the power supply 135) (e.g., in the short-circuit mode). In various embodiments, the ESCC 205 can advantageously allow a user to select a power supply based on the current limit set by the ESCC 205 rather than the maximum LED current required for high-intensity pulsed light (e.g., the predetermined peak pulse current 235 of the LED(s) 220). In the fully charged mode, for example, when the energy storage device 210 is fully charged, the SPLEDS200 can not draw additional current from the external power supply.

[0063] For example, when switch 215 is turned on, LED current can flow out of energy storage device 210 and into one or more LEDs 220 and LED control circuit 230. In high power mode, for example, LED control circuit 230 can draw high current from energy storage device 210 to one or more LEDs 220. However, LED control circuit 230 can also limit the LED current to be less than a predetermined peak pulse current 235, for example, to prevent one or more LEDs 220 from being overloaded due to excessive current. In some embodiments, the LED current limit can be up to a predetermined multiple (e.g., 3 times, 5 times, 8 times, 10 times, more than 10 times) of the maximum current to be supplied by an external power source (e.g., determined by the rated power of the power source). Thus, SPLEDS 200 can advantageously allow the use of an external power source with a rating lower than the current required in high power mode. For example, using an external power source with a lower rated power can save costs and space in manufacturing and / or operating SPLEDS 200 and / or ALMVS 100.

[0064] In some embodiments, LED control circuit 230 can also be configured to advantageously regulate the current from energy storage device 210 to one or more LEDs 220 during the discharge process in high power mode (e.g., when the charge stored in the capacitor of energy storage device 210 is being discharged). Thus, LED control circuit 230 can advantageously maintain the same current passing through one or more LEDs 220 to maintain a stable light output of one or more LEDs 220 in high power mode for a predetermined (e.g., short) period of time based on the predetermined pulse width of SPLEDS 200.

[0065] As an illustrative example, when current flows from energy storage device 210 to one or more LEDs 220, a charging current can continue to flow from the external power source to SPLEDS 200. For example, the charging current can attempt to recharge energy storage device 210. Since the LED current is set to be much higher than the charging current, energy storage device 210 may eventually be depleted, such that the LED current may not be maintained. For example, the output voltage of energy storage device 210 may be less than a predetermined threshold. At this time, for example, ESCC 205 can limit the charging current passing through one or more LEDs 220 to match the charging current of the normal charging current.

[0066] In various embodiments, SPLEDS 200 can be configured to automatically switch to a steady state mode continuously independent of an external control signal. In various examples, the LED light intensity can be almost linearly proportional to the LED current. For example, the LED light output of one or more LEDs 220 can be dimmer in steady state mode than in high power mode.

[0067] In various embodiments, a power regulation circuit (e.g., SPLEDS 200) may include a power supply (e.g., power supply 135) and an energy storage charging circuit (e.g., ESCC 205) connected to the power supply. For example, the power regulation circuit may be configured to supply output power to a passive electrical load (e.g., LED module 125, one or more LEDs 220) in two stages. In the first stage, for example, the output power may be higher than the rated power of the power supply. In the second stage, for example, the output power may be less than or equal to the rated power. In some embodiments, when the power output of the energy storage charging circuit is less than a predetermined power, the first stage transitions passively and automatically to the second stage.

[0068] Figure 3A , Figure 3B , Figure 3C , Figure 3D and Figure 3E depicts an exemplary electrical schematic of an exemplary selective pulse light emitting diode system (SPLEDS 300). For example, SPLEDS 300 may be an embodiment of SPLEDS 200. As Figure 3A shown, SPLEDS 300 includes a first light emitting circuit 305a and a second light emitting circuit 305b and a controller circuit 310. The two light emitting circuits 305a, 305b may be coupled to a power input module 315. For example, the two light emitting circuits 305a, 305b may include the same design. As shown, the first light emitting circuit 305a includes an ESCC 320, an energy storage device and a switching circuit 325, and an LED module and an LED control circuit 330.

[0069] Reference is made below to Figure 3B describe ESCC 320. Reference is made to Figure 3C describe the energy storage device and the switching circuit 325. Reference is made to Figure 3D describe the LED module and the LED control circuit 330. Reference is made to Figure 3E describe the controller circuit 310.

[0070] As Figure 3B shown, ESCC 320 may limit the input charging current I flowing from an external power supply to the energy storage device and the switching circuit 325 in . For example, I in may be defined by the voltage between the base and emitter of a transistor Q2 (e.g., a PNP transistor) divided by the effective resistance of parallel resistors R1 and R2. For example, ESCC 320 may advantageously set the input charging current Iin without short - circuiting the external power supply of SPLEDS 300.

[0071] As Figure 3CAs shown, an input charging current I in flows into the energy storage device 335. In this example, the energy storage device 335 includes a capacitor bank of (e.g., 10, 18, 36, 100) capacitors (e.g., 1000 μF) connected in parallel. In this example, the energy storage device 335 may include a capacitance of approximately 9009 μF. For example, the capacitor bank can be advantageously configured for rapid charging.

[0072] In this example, when the switch circuit 340 disconnects the energy storage device 335 from the LED module 345 (as Figure 3D shown), the energy storage device 335 can accumulate charge in the capacitor bank. For example, when the switch circuit 340 connects the energy storage device 335 to the LED module 345, the energy storage device 335 can generate an LED current I LED . For example, I LED can be generated passively based on the resistance characteristics of the LED module and the LED control circuit 330 as described later with reference to Figure 3D .

[0073] In this example, the switch circuit 340 includes a control input port 350 configured to receive a control signal from the controller circuit 310. The controller circuit 310 will be discussed in more detail with reference to Figure 3E .

[0074] As Figure 3D shown, the LED module 345 includes LEDs 355. For example, the LEDs 355 can be connected in series. When the switch circuit 340 connects the LED module 345 to the energy storage device 335, the LED module 345 can receive the LED current I LED . Based on the magnitude of I LED , for example, the LED module 345 can emit light. For example, at a higher current, the LED module 345 can emit light of higher intensity. For example, at a lower current (e.g., at the nominal current of an external power source), the LED module 345 can emit dimmer light.

[0075] In this example, the LED current I LEDIt is regulated by the LED current regulation circuit 360. As shown in the figure, the LED current regulation circuit 360 includes a first (NPN) transistor 362 (Q6), a second transistor 364 (Q10), and two parallel resistors R3 and R4. As shown in the figure, the collector terminal of the first transistor 362 is coupled to the LED module 345. The base terminal of the first transistor 362 is coupled to the energy storage device and the switch circuit 325. In addition, the base terminal of the first transistor 362 is coupled to the collector terminal of the second transistor 364. As shown in the figure, the emitter terminal of the first transistor 362 is coupled to the base terminal of the second transistor 364.

[0076] In some embodiments, the first transistor 362 and the second transistor 364 can regulate the I in the high power mode. LED For example, in the high power mode, the LED current I LED can be regulated by dividing the voltage between the base and emitter of Q10 by the effective resistance of the parallel resistors R3 and R4. In some embodiments, the LED current regulation circuit 360 can set the maximum I LED For example, the maximum I LED can be less than the power supply voltage divided by the effective resistance of the parallel resistors R3 and R4. For example, the LED current regulation circuit 360 can advantageously protect the LED module 345 without external signal control. In some embodiments, the LED current regulation circuit 360 can set the maximum I LED to be higher than the power supply voltage divided by the effective resistance of the parallel resistors R3 and R4.

[0077] In various embodiments, the LED current regulation circuit 360 can passively and automatically switch the operating mode of the LED module 345 from the high power mode to the steady state mode based on the base-emitter voltage of the transistor Q6. For example, regulating I LED in an analog circuit can advantageously improve the response speed of the LED. In some examples, the LED current regulation circuit 360 can advantageously reduce costs by being implemented without using software and / or computer chips (which are in short supply).

[0078] As an illustrative example, when the switch circuit 340 connects the LED module 345 and the energy storage device 335, for example, I LED can flow out of the capacitor bank of the energy storage device 335 and into the LED of the LED module 345. For example, the LED can operate in the high power mode because I LED >I NORM , and I NORM is the normal current of the power supply. For example, the LED can emit, for example, a high intensity for the MVM 120.

[0079] In some embodiments, when the capacitor discharges, the voltage of the capacitor drops, thereby causing the LED current I LED to decrease. For example, after a period of time (e.g., 20 ms - 30 ms), the energy storage device 335 may be depleted, such that I LED decreases to I NORM . At this time, for example, the ESCC 320 may limit I in to match the current of I LED . In various embodiments, the LED module 345 may advantageously automatically and linearly switch to a steady state mode to emit, for example, dimmer light than in the high power mode.

[0080] Figure 3E shows the controller circuit 310 with reference to Figure 3A . In this embodiment, the controller circuit 310 is an analog circuit. In other embodiments, the controller circuit 310 may be implemented as a digital controller. In this example, the controller circuit 310 includes an active high control 365 and an active low control 370. For example, the switch circuit 340 may be selectively connected to the active high control 365 or the active low control 370 based on the signal configuration of an external control circuit.

[0081] Each of the active high control 365 and the active low control 370 includes a first control input 375 and a second control input 380. For example, the first control input 375 may be connected to the control input port 350 of the first light emitting circuit 305a. For example, the second control input 380 may be connected to the control input ports 350 of two light emitting circuits 305b. In this example, the first control input 375 and the second control input 380 are configured to be activated and deactivated simultaneously. In other examples, the first control input 375 and the second control input 380 may be configured to be activated non - simultaneously and / or asynchronously.

[0082] Figure 4 depicts a graph showing an exemplary power output from the SPLEDS. As shown, the SPLEDS (e.g., SPLEDS200) may operate at a duty cycle having a peak power period 405 and an average power period 410. For example, during the peak power period 405, the energy storage device 210 may be configured to discharge the stored charge to the LED(s) 220, thereby generating a high I LEDFor example, one or more LEDs 220 can emit high-intensity light in a high-power mode for capturing clear images and reducing motion blur in the images. For example, during the average power cycle 410, one or more LEDs 220 can be disconnected by the switch 215. For example, the energy storage device 210 can draw current from an external power source through the ESCC 205. For example, the energy storage device 210 can be recharged with charge during this period.

[0083] In some embodiments, the SPLEDS (e.g., SPLEDS 200) can be designed to have a maximum pulse width of 2.5 milliseconds (ms) and a duty cycle of less than 7.5%. The 2.5 ms pulse width can be, for example, the maximum time that the SPLEDS 200 can operate before the LED current starts to decline. For example, the LED current may start to decline when the capacitor depletes its charge. In some embodiments, when an application includes a duty cycle of less than 7.5%, there can be sufficient time to recharge the capacitor during the off period, regardless of the duty cycle frequency.

[0084] Figure 5A and Figure 5B An illustrative SPLEDS is depicted in a first exemplary form factor. As Figure 5A shown, the SPLEDS 500 includes an LED ring 505 and a capacitor unit 510. In some embodiments, the capacitor unit 510 can be configured to store a large amount of power. For example, the capacitor units 510 can be connected through a wide strip of copper traces (e.g., in series) to advantageously reduce the resistance.

[0085] As shown, the capacitor unit 510 is placed around the perimeter of the LED ring 505. In some embodiments, the capacitor units 510 can be placed to have a maximum distance between each of the capacitor units 510 to advantageously reduce the heat that accumulates in the capacitor units 510 during operation. In some embodiments, the capacitor units 510 can be set at a maximum distance from the LED ring 505 to avoid thermal effects on the electronic components of the LED ring 505.

[0086] As Figure 5B shown, the SPLEDS 501 is configured to at least refer to Figure 5AAs disclosed. The light-emitting element 505i (e.g., LED) is arranged in a first pattern (e.g., corresponding to the LED ring 505). The current-boosting element 510i (e.g., an energy storage element such as a capacitor as shown) is arranged in a second pattern. As shown, the second pattern is spatially distributed outside the first pattern. For example, the first pattern may be configured to concentrate the emitted light near the central aperture 515 (e.g., where an optical detector may be placed). The second pattern may be configured to thermally distribute the heat source (e.g., the current-boosting element 510i) away from the central aperture 515. For example, the second pattern may be configured to thermally distribute the heat sources away from each other. For example, the second pattern may be configured to thermally distribute the heat sources over a minimum area and / or volume.

[0087] For example, the SPLEDS 501 may be radially symmetric (e.g., as shown when viewed from the front, and as partially shown when viewed from the back as Figure 5B shown). In some embodiments, one or more connectors (e.g., cable connectors, plugs, wiring access holes) may be provided on the edge and / or surface. Figure 5C as

[0088] Figure 5C An illustrative SPLEDS is depicted in a second exemplary form factor. As shown, a linear LED module 520 is used in a conveyor belt 530. For example, the linear LED module 520 may be configured to provide pulsed light for high-resolution image capture by a camera 535. As shown, the linear LED module 520 includes a capacitor unit 540 around the outer periphery of the linear LED module 520 to advantageously prevent heat from accumulating within the linear LED module 520.

[0089] Figure 6 is a flowchart showing an exemplary SPLEDS design method. For example, method 600 may be performed by an engineer to design a SPLEDS 200 for a machine vision application (e.g., ALMVS100). In this example, method 600 begins when an LED type is selected based on application requirements at step 605. For example, the engineer may select the LED type based on the light output requirements of the application (e.g., a camera for the Figure 1 pick-and-place application described in). In some embodiments, the light output requirements may be specified in lumens per square meter.

[0090] In step 610, a maximum LED current limit is determined based on the operating characteristics of the selected LED type. For example, the maximum LED current limit can be determined to protect the LED during high power mode. For example, based on the maximum LED current limit, an engineer can determine the LED current regulation circuit 360. Next, in step 615, based on the maximum input current from a standard power supply, a capacitor bank suitable for generating a pulsed current for the application is determined, where the maximum input current is based on the safety rating of the power supply. For example, the maximum input current can be determined based on the safety rating of a Class 1 power supply. In some embodiments, simulation can be used to determine the total energy storage required. For example, the simulation can determine and verify the topology and size of the capacitors in the capacitor bank. For example, the simulation can verify the charging characteristics of the capacitor bank based on the operating characteristics of the capacitors.

[0091] In step 620, based on the charging characteristics of the capacitor bank and the maximum LED current, the maximum duty cycle of the peak power mode is determined. For example, the minimum recharge time for each duty cycle can be determined. At decision point 625, it is determined whether the duty cycle is too low for the application. For example, the application may require a 10% duty cycle to operate the MVM 120. If the duty cycle is too low for the application, step 605 is repeated. For example, if the time the LED is on needs to have a higher duty cycle in order to increase brightness, it may be necessary to restart the design process (e.g., method 600). If the duty cycle is not too low for the application, method 600 ends. In various embodiments, the SPLEDS can be designed to automatically protect the LED module and the external power supply without a sensor element to control the duty cycle of the energy storage device.

[0092] Figure 7 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method of operating an SPLEDS. For example, the SPLEDS 200 can execute method 700 to supply high-intensity light to support the MVM 120 for machine vision processing. In some examples, the ALMVS 100 can use method 700 to generate pulsed light within a predetermined time (e.g., peak power period 405), while maintaining a dimmer ambient light (e.g., in the average power period 410) after the energy in the current boost module 145 is depleted.

[0093] In this example, method 700 begins when an energy storage device is charged with an input current (e.g., battery, DC power supply, uninterruptible power supply) in step 705 while the LED light is disabled. For example, when the (one or more) LEDs 220 are disabled by the switch 215, the energy storage device 210 can be continuously charged by the ESCC 205. For example, the input power can be regulated by the ESCC 205 to be less than or equal to the rated power of the external power supply (e.g., a Class 1 power supply).

[0094] In step 710, a signal is received to activate the LED light. For example, switch 215 may receive a signal to activate SPLEDS 200. Next, in step 715, a first output current is generated from the energy storage device to the LED module to generate high-intensity light in the high-power mode. For example, the first output current may be adjusted by LED control circuit 230 to be less than a predetermined peak pulse current 235 of the (one or more) LEDs 220. For example, energy storage device 210 may supply output power to the (one or more) LEDs 220 to generate high-intensity light. For example, MPCLC 250 may adjust the current at the (one or more) LEDs 220 to be less than the predetermined peak pulse current 235 in the high-power mode. For example, the analog response characteristics of transistors Q6 and Q10 of SPLEDS 300 may allow a greater current draw than the maximum current allowed by MICLC 245.

[0095] Next, at decision point 720, it is determined whether a deactivation signal is received. For example, a deactivation signal from remote control 160 may be received from switch 215. If a deactivation signal is received, method 700 ends. If a deactivation signal is not received, at decision point 725 it is determined whether the output voltage of the energy storage device is higher than a predetermined threshold. For example, the predetermined threshold may be determined by LED control circuit 230. In some embodiments, method 700 may use other indicators to determine the remaining energy stored in energy storage device 210. For example, LED control circuit 230 may be configured to use a current measurement to detect the remaining energy in energy storage device 210. For example, LED control circuit 230 may be configured to use an output power measurement to detect the remaining energy in energy storage device 210.

[0096] If it is determined that the output voltage of the energy storage device is higher than a predetermined threshold, then in step 730, the first output current is maintained higher than the input current (from the external power supply), and decision point 720 is repeated. For example, when the input voltage at the energy storage device 210 changes slightly, the LED control circuit 230 can maintain the power at the (one or more) LEDs 220. For example, the LED control circuit 230 can maintain the power at the (one or more) LEDs 220 during the peak power period 405 to generate high-intensity light. If it is determined that the output voltage of the energy storage device is not higher than the predetermined threshold, then in step 735, the operation of the LED lamp is switched passively and automatically to the steady state mode, and step 715 is repeated. For example, when the charge stored in the energy storage device 335 is depleted, the LED current regulation circuit 360 can passively and automatically transition from the high power mode to the steady state mode. For example, using the analog response characteristics of transistors Q2 and Q4 of the SPLEDS 300, the MICLC 245 can regulate the input current to be higher than the predetermined minimum operable current 240 in the steady state mode.

[0097] In the steady state mode, in step 740, a second output current is maintained that is higher than the minimum operating current of the LED lamp. For example, the LED control circuit 230 can maintain an LED current that is higher than the predetermined minimum operable current 240 to flow to the (one or more) LEDs 220. For example, the (one or more) LEDs 220 can operate at a dimmer intensity in the steady state mode.

[0098] Although various embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, other embodiments are also possible. In some implementations, the LED module 125 can include other form factors. For example, the LED module 125 can be implemented as a linear LED (e.g., linear LED module 520). For example, a linear LED can include an LED in a linear housing. For example, a linear LED can include an LED strip. For example, a linear LED can include a linear LED device. In some implementations, the LED module 125 can be an area light. For example, an area light can be configured to illuminate an area with high-intensity light in the high power mode. For example, the LED module 125 can be implemented as a rectangular LED board. In some implementations, for example, the LED module 125 can be implemented as a linear LED strip.

[0099] In some implementations, the energy storage device 210 can include a battery. For example, the energy storage device 210 can include a lead-acid battery. For example, the energy storage device 210 can include a battery that is rated to have a maximum ampere draw that is greater than the input current associated with a predetermined power input threshold. For example, the energy storage device 210 can include a lithium-ion battery.

[0100] Although reference is made to Figures 3A - 3E a circuit implementation, in some implementations, other circuit configurations are possible. For example, other circuits can be used to provide overcurrent protection for a power supply. For example, other circuits can be used to provide energy storage for a high-power mode. For example, other circuits can be used to set an LED current limit for an LED module.

[0101] Although reference has been made to Figures 1 - 2 an exemplary system, other implementations can be deployed in other industrial, scientific, medical, commercial, and / or residential applications. For example, the SPLEDS200 can be used as a flash device for a camera. The camera can be used for, e.g., studio photos and / or other professional photo sessions (e.g., for fashion, advertising). In some implementations, the SPLEDS200 can be used for entertainment lighting in various hospitality services (e.g., restaurants, nightclubs, theaters, concert halls, amusement parks). In some implementations, the SPLEDS200 can be used as an outdoor flash indicator. For example, the SPLEDS 200 can be used as a flash indicator for mobile equipment. For example, the SPLEDS200 can be used as a flash indicator for an airport runway. In some implementations, the SPLEDS200 can be used for various medical applications to obtain high-quality images in various types of medical biopsies.

[0102] In various implementations, the SPLEDS200 can be implemented for use with other passive electrical loads. For example, instead of being used for the (one or more) LEDs 220, the SPLEDS200 can be used for a flash output beacon indicator. For example, the SPLEDS200 can provide pulsed high current for a flash output beacon indicator to generate a flash output within a predetermined duty cycle (e.g., as in the peak power period 405). For example, the SPLEDS200 can be used to power runway lights.

[0103] In some examples, the SPLEDS200 can include military or law enforcement applications. For example, military or law enforcement personnel can use the SPLEDS200 to power a stun light to temporarily disable hostile personnel. For example, the SPLEDS200 can advantageously reduce the weight required to power a stun light (e.g., due to carrying a high-rated power supply). Thus, the SPLEDS200 can reduce personnel fatigue and increase personnel mobility.

[0104] For example, a temporary auxiliary energy input can be received from a rechargeable or disposable battery, which enables use in portable or remote applications. Some embodiments can operate using other DC voltage sources, such as using a 9V (nominal) battery. An alternating current (AC) input, such as from a 50 / 60 Hz power port or from a portable generator, can be received via a rectifier and appropriate scaling. The supply of AC (e.g., sine wave, square wave, triangular wave) input can include a line frequency converter to provide voltage boost, voltage buck, and / or isolation.

[0105] Although specific features of the architecture have been described, other features can be incorporated to improve performance. For example, caching (e.g., L1, L2,......) techniques can be used. Random access memory can be included, for example, to provide scratch pad memory and / or to load executable code or parameter information stored for use during runtime operation. Other hardware and software can be provided to perform operations, such as a network or other communication using one or more protocols, wireless (e.g., infrared) communication, stored operating energy and power sources (e.g., batteries), switching and / or linear power circuits, software maintenance (e.g., self-test, upgrade), etc. One or more communication interfaces can be provided to support data storage and related operations.

[0106] Some systems can be implemented as computer systems that can be used with various embodiments. For example, various embodiments can include digital circuits, analog circuits, computer hardware, firmware, software, or combinations thereof. The apparatus can be implemented in a computer program product that is tangibly embodied in an information carrier, such as in a machine-readable storage device, for execution by a programmable processor; and the method can be performed by a programmable processor executing an instruction program to perform the functions of various embodiments by operating on input data and generating output. Various embodiments can be advantageously implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system that includes at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from a data storage system, at least one input device, and / or at least one output device and to transmit data and instructions to the data storage system, at least one input device, and / or at least one output device. A computer program is a set of instructions that can be used directly or indirectly in a computer to perform a particular activity or produce a particular result. The computer program can be written in any form of programming language, including a compiled language or an interpreted language, and can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

[0107] As an example, suitable processors for executing instruction programs include general and special-purpose microprocessors, which may include one of the single processors or multiple processors of any type of computer. Generally, a processor receives instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The key elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memories for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include one or more mass storage devices for storing data files, or be operably coupled to and communicate with the one or more mass storage devices; such devices include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and optical disks. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, as examples, including semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit).

[0108] In some embodiments, each system may be programmed with the same or similar information and / or initialized with substantially the same information stored in volatile and / or non-volatile memory. For example, a data interface may be configured to perform auto-configuration, auto-download, and / or auto-update functions when coupled to a suitable host device, such as a desktop computer or a server.

[0109] In some embodiments, one or more user interface features may be custom-configured to perform specific functions. Various embodiments may be implemented in a computer system including a graphical user interface and / or an Internet browser. To provide interaction with a user, some embodiments may be implemented on a computer having a display device. The display device may include, for example, an LED (light emitting diode) display. In some embodiments, the display device may include, for example, a CRT (cathode ray tube). In some embodiments, the display device may include, for example, an LCD (liquid crystal display). The display device (e.g., a monitor) may be used, for example, to display information to the user. Some embodiments may include, for example, a keyboard and / or a pointing device (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick), such that a user may provide input to the computer via the keyboard and / or the pointing device.

[0110] In various embodiments, the system can communicate using suitable communication methods, equipment, and technologies. For example, the system can communicate with compatible devices (e.g., devices capable of transmitting data to and / or from the system) using point-to-point communication, in which messages are transmitted directly from a source to a receiver over a dedicated physical link (e.g., fiber optic link, point-to-point wiring, daisy chain). Components of the system can exchange information via analog or digital data communication in any form or medium, including packet-based messages over a communication network. Examples of communication networks include, for example, LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), wireless and / or optical networks, computers and networks forming the Internet, or some combination thereof. Other embodiments can transmit messages by broadcasting to all or substantially all devices coupled together by a communication network, such as by using an omnidirectional radio frequency (RF) signal. Still other embodiments can transmit messages characterized by high directivity, such as RF signals transmitted using a directional (i.e., narrow beam) antenna or infrared signals that can optionally be used with focusing optics. Using appropriate interfaces and protocols, for example, by way of example but not intended to be limiting, USB 2.0, Firewire, ATA / IDE, RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, 802.11a / b / g, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, IrDA, FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface), token ring network, multiplexing techniques based on frequency division, time division, or code division, or some combination thereof, other embodiments are possible. Some embodiments can optionally incorporate features such as error checking and correction (ECC) for data integrity, or security measures such as encryption (e.g., WEP) and password protection.

[0111] In various embodiments, a computer system can include Internet of Things (IoT) devices. IoT devices can include objects embedded with electronic devices, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data. IoT devices can send data to another device via an interface and thus be used with wired or wireless devices. IoT devices can collect useful data and then autonomously transmit (flow) data between other devices.

[0112] Various examples of a module may be implemented using a circuit that includes various electronic hardware. By way of example and not limitation, the hardware may include transistors, resistors, capacitors, switches, integrated circuits, other modules, or some combination thereof. In various examples, a module may include analog logic, digital logic, discrete components, traces, and / or memory circuits fabricated on a silicon substrate, including various integrated circuits (e.g., FPGAs, ASICs), or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, a module may involve the execution of pre-programmed instructions, software executed by a processor, or some combination thereof. For example, various modules may involve both hardware and software.

[0113] In an illustrative aspect, a two-stage power regulation circuit may include a current regulation circuit connected to a power source, which may include a predetermined input power threshold. For example, the two-stage power regulation circuit may include an energy storage device connected in series with the current regulation circuit. For example, the energy storage device may be configured to store energy received from the current regulation circuit.

[0114] For example, the two-stage power regulation circuit may include a switch circuit configured to selectively connect a passive electrical load to the energy storage device. For example, the switch circuit may be configured to receive an activation signal to connect the passive electrical load in series with the energy storage device. For example, the two-stage power regulation circuit may include an output regulation circuit connected in series with the passive electrical load. For example, the output regulation circuit may include a first transistor and a second transistor.

[0115] For example, the collector terminal of the first transistor may be coupled to the passive electrical load. For example, the base terminal of the first transistor may be (1) coupled to the energy storage device via the switch circuit, and (2) coupled to the collector terminal of the second transistor. For example, the emitter terminal of the first transistor may be coupled to the base terminal of the second transistor, such that the output regulation circuit may be configured to regulate the current of the energy storage device flowing through the passive electrical load. For example, in response to receiving the activation signal, the passive electrical load receives output power from the energy storage device in two stages.

[0116] For example, in the first stage, the output power may be greater than the predetermined input power threshold. For example, when the energy stored in the energy storage device may be less than a predetermined energy threshold, the output regulation circuit may be configured to passively and automatically transition the first stage to the second stage. For example, in the second stage, the energy storage device supplies output power that is less than or equal to the predetermined input power threshold, while the output regulation circuit regulates the current of the output power to be higher than a predetermined minimum operating current of the passive electrical load.

[0117] For example, a passive electrical load may include a light-emitting diode (LED) module, which may include a plurality of LEDs connected in series. For example, a predetermined minimum operating current may include the minimum operating current of the plurality of LEDs connected in series. For example, in a first stage, the LED module may be configured to emit pulsed light. For example, in a second stage, the LED module may be configured to emit steady light that is dimmer than the pulsed light emitted in the first stage.

[0118] For example, the connected current regulation circuit may also be configured to regulate the output current of the power supply to be less than a predetermined input current threshold. For example, the energy storage device may include a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel. For example, the maximum duration and frequency of the first stage may be determined based on the effective capacitance of the energy storage device.

[0119] For example, the output regulation circuit may also be configured to regulate the output power to be less than a predetermined output power threshold determined based on the rated power of the passive electrical load. For example, the predetermined output power threshold may be greater than the predetermined input power threshold. For example, the predetermined output power output threshold may be a predetermined multiple of the predetermined input power threshold.

[0120] For example, in the first stage, the output regulation circuit may be configured to maintain the steady current of the output power as a predetermined multiple of the current of the output power in the second stage.

[0121] In an illustrative aspect, an electrical driver circuit may include an energy storage device (210) operatively coupled to a power supply, the power supply may include a predetermined input power threshold, and the energy storage device is configured to store energy received from the power supply. For example, the electrical driver circuit may include an output regulation circuit configured to regulate the current output of the energy storage device. For example, the energy storage device may be configured to be connected to a passive electrical load and supply output power to the passive electrical load, which may include a predetermined minimum operating current. For example, in operation, the passive electrical load receives output power from the energy storage device in two stages.

[0122] For example, in the first stage, the output power may be greater than the predetermined input power threshold. For example, when the energy stored in the energy storage device may be less than a predetermined energy threshold, the output regulation circuit may be configured to passively and automatically transition the first stage to the second stage. For example, in the second stage, the energy storage device supplies output power less than or equal to the predetermined input power threshold, while the output regulation circuit regulates the current of the output power to be higher than the predetermined minimum operating current of the passive electrical load.

[0123] For example, a passive electrical load may include a light-emitting diode (LED) module, which may include a plurality of LEDs connected in series. For example, a predetermined minimum operating current may include the minimum operating current of the plurality of LEDs connected in series.

[0124] For example, in a first stage, the LED module can be configured to emit pulsed light. For example, in a second stage, the LED module can be configured to emit steady light that is dimmer than the pulsed light emitted in the first stage.

[0125] For example, the electrical driver circuit can include an energy storage charging circuit (ESCC). For example, the energy storage device can be connected to a power source through the ESCC. For example, the ESCC can be configured to regulate the output current of the power source to be less than a predetermined input current threshold.

[0126] For example, the energy storage device can include a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel. For example, the maximum duration and frequency of the first stage can be determined based on the effective capacitance of the energy storage device. For example, the output regulation circuit can be configured to regulate the output power to be less than a predetermined output power threshold determined based on the rated power of the passive electrical load. For example, the predetermined output power threshold can be greater than the predetermined input power threshold of the power source.

[0127] For example, the predetermined output power threshold can be a predetermined multiple of the predetermined input power threshold. For example, in the first stage, the output regulation circuit can be configured to maintain the steady current of the output power as a predetermined multiple of the current of the output power in the second stage.

[0128] For example, the electrical driver circuit can include a switch circuit configured to activate and deactivate the passive electrical load independently of the operating stage of the passive electrical load.

[0129] In an illustrative aspect, a method for supplying pulsed light can include charging an energy storage device with an input current. For example, the input current can be regulated to be less than a predetermined safety threshold.

[0130] A method for supplying pulsed light can include receiving a signal to activate an LED module that can include a predetermined minimum operating current. A method for supplying pulsed light can include generating a first output current to the LED module in a first mode to generate pulsed light. For example, the first output current is substantially greater than the input current. A method for providing pulsed light can include passively and automatically switching to operating in a second mode when the output voltage of the energy storage device may be lower than a predetermined threshold. For example, in the second mode, a second output current lower than the first output current but higher than the predetermined minimum operating current can be supplied to the LED module such that the LED module emits light with a reduced intensity.

[0131] For example, the first output current can include a current that is a predetermined multiple of the predetermined safety threshold. For example, the first output current can be maintained in a steady state in the first mode.

[0132] For example, a two-stage power regulation circuit according to any one of [0102-0119] can be combined with any one of the electric driver circuits according to any one of [0110-117]. For example, a two-stage power regulation circuit according to any one of [0102-0119] can be combined with any one of the methods for supplying pulsed light according to any one of [0118-0120].

[0133] For example, an electric driver circuit according to any one of [0110-0117] can be combined with any one of the methods for supplying pulsed light according to any one of [0118-0120]. For example, an electric driver circuit according to any one of [0110-0117] can be combined with any one of the two-stage power regulation circuits according to [0102-0119].

[0134] For example, a method for supplying pulsed light according to any one of [0118-0120] can be combined with any one of the electric driver circuits according to any one of [0110-117]. For example, a method for supplying pulsed light according to any one of [0118-0120] can be combined with any one of the two-stage power regulation circuits according to any one of [0102-0119].

[0135] Numerous embodiments have been described. However, it should be understood that various modifications can be made. For example, favorable results can be obtained if the steps of the disclosed technology are performed in a different order, or if the components of the disclosed system are combined in a different manner, or if these components are supplemented with other components. Accordingly, other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A two - stage power regulation circuit, comprising: A current regulation circuit (205) connected to a power supply including a predetermined input power threshold; An energy storage device (210) connected in series to the current regulation circuit, wherein the energy storage device is configured to store energy received from the current regulation circuit; A switch circuit (215) configured to selectively connect a passive electrical load (220) to the energy storage device, wherein the switch circuit is configured to receive an activation signal to connect the passive electrical load in series to the energy storage device; and An output regulation circuit (230) connected in series to the passive electrical load, wherein the output regulation circuit includes a first transistor (362) and a second transistor (364), wherein: The collector terminal of the first transistor is coupled to the passive electrical load, The base terminal (1) of the first transistor is coupled to the energy storage device via the switch circuit and (2) coupled to the collector terminal of the second transistor, and The emitter terminal of the first transistor is coupled to the base terminal of the second transistor, such that the output regulation circuit is configured to regulate the current output of the energy storage device flowing through the passive electrical load, wherein, in response to receiving the activation signal, the passive electrical load receives output power from the energy storage device in two stages, wherein: In the first stage, the output power is greater than the predetermined input power threshold, and When the energy stored in the energy storage device is less than a predetermined energy threshold, the output regulation circuit is configured to passively and automatically transition the first stage to the second stage, wherein, in the second stage, the energy storage device supplies output power less than or equal to the predetermined input power threshold, while the output regulation circuit regulates the current of the output power to be higher than a predetermined minimum operating current (240) of the passive electrical load.

2. The two - stage power regulation circuit according to claim 1, wherein, The passive electrical load includes a light - emitting diode (LED) module, the light - emitting diode (LED) module includes a plurality of LEDs connected in series, wherein the predetermined minimum operating current includes the minimum operating current of the plurality of series - connected LEDs, wherein: In the first stage, the LED module is configured to emit pulsed light, and In the second stage, the LED module is configured to emit steady light that is dimmer than the pulsed light emitted in the first stage.

3. The two - stage power regulation circuit according to claim 1, wherein, The connected current regulation circuit is further configured to regulate the output current of the power supply to be less than a predetermined input current threshold.

4. The two - stage power regulation circuit according to claim 1, wherein, The energy storage device includes a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel.

5. The two - stage power regulation circuit according to claim 4, wherein, The maximum duration and frequency of the first stage are determined according to the effective capacitance of the energy storage device.

6. The two - stage power regulation circuit according to claim 1, wherein, The output regulation circuit is further configured to regulate the output power to be less than a predetermined output power threshold determined based on the rated power of the passive electrical load, wherein the predetermined output power threshold is greater than the predetermined input power threshold.

7. The two-stage power regulation circuit according to claim 6, wherein, the predetermined output power output threshold is a predetermined multiple of the predetermined input power threshold.

8. The two-stage power regulation circuit according to claim 7, wherein, in the first stage, the output regulation circuit is configured to maintain a steady current of the output power as a predetermined multiple of the current of the output power in the second stage.

9. An electric driver circuit, comprising: an energy storage device (210) operatively coupled to a power supply (135) including a predetermined input power threshold, the energy storage device being configured to store energy received from the power supply; and an output regulation circuit (230) configured to regulate the current output of the energy storage device, wherein the energy storage device is configured to be connected to a passive electrical load (220) including a predetermined minimum operating current (240) and supply output power to the passive electrical load (220), and wherein, in operation, the passive electrical load receives the output power from the energy storage device in two stages, wherein: in the first stage, the output power is greater than the predetermined input power threshold, and when the energy stored in the energy storage device is less than a predetermined energy threshold, the output regulation circuit is configured to passively and automatically transition the first stage to the second stage, wherein, in the second stage, the energy storage device supplies an output power less than or equal to the predetermined input power threshold while the output regulation circuit regulates the current of the output power to be higher than the predetermined minimum operating current of the passive electrical load.

10. The electric driver circuit according to claim 9, wherein, the passive electrical load includes a light emitting diode (LED) module, the light emitting diode (LED) module includes a plurality of serially connected LEDs, wherein the predetermined minimum operating current includes the minimum operating current of the plurality of serially connected LEDs, wherein: in the first stage, the LED module is configured to emit pulsed light, and in the second stage, the LED module is configured to emit steady light that is dimmer than the pulsed light emitted in the first stage.

11. The electric driver circuit according to claim 9, further comprising an energy storage charging circuit (ESCC), wherein the energy storage device is connected to the power supply through the ESCC, and wherein the ESCC is configured to regulate the output current of the power supply to be less than a predetermined input current threshold.

12. The electric driver circuit according to claim 9, wherein, the energy storage device includes a plurality of parallel-connected capacitors.

13. The electric driver circuit according to claim 12, wherein, the maximum duration and frequency of the first stage are determined according to the effective capacitance of the energy storage device.

14. The electric driver circuit according to claim 9, wherein, The output regulation circuit is configured to regulate the output power to be less than a predetermined output power threshold determined based on the rated power of the passive electrical load, wherein the predetermined output power threshold is greater than the predetermined input power threshold of the power supply.

15. The electric driver circuit according to claim 14, wherein, the predetermined output power threshold is a predetermined multiple of the predetermined input power threshold.

16. The electric driver circuit according to claim 15, wherein, in the first stage, the output regulation circuit is configured to maintain the steady-state current of the output power as a predetermined multiple of the current of the output power in the second stage.

17. The electric driver circuit according to claim 9, further comprising a switching circuit configured to activate and deactivate the passive electrical load independently of the operating stage of the passive electrical load.

18. A method for supplying pulsed light, comprising: charging an energy storage device with an input current, wherein the input current is regulated to be less than a predetermined safety threshold (705); receiving a signal to activate an LED module (710) including a predetermined minimum operating current; generating a first output current to the LED module in a first mode to generate pulsed light, wherein the first output current is substantially greater than the input current (715); and passively and automatically switching to operate in a second mode when the output voltage of the energy storage device is lower than a predetermined threshold (735), such that in the second mode, a second output current lower than the first output current but higher than the predetermined minimum operating current is supplied to the LED module, such that the LED module emits light with reduced intensity.

19. The method for supplying pulsed light according to claim 18, wherein, the first output current includes a current that is a predetermined multiple of the predetermined safety threshold.

20. The method for supplying pulsed light according to claim 18, wherein, in the first mode, the first output current remains in a steady state.

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