Anti-floating stable formwork for retaining wall and retaining wall forming method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of retaining wall construction, in particular to an anti-floating stable formwork for a retaining wall and a retaining wall forming method.The anti-floating stable formwork for the retaining wall comprises an inclined face formwork and a back face formwork which are oppositely arranged and further comprises a plurality of pull rods, and the pull rods penetrate through the inclined face formwork and the back face formwork; the pull rod is connected with the inclined surface template and the back surface template; the positions of the anchoring parts are adjustable; the back formwork is connected with the anchoring part through the inhaul cables, the slope formwork is connected with the anchoring part through the inhaul cables, and the length of the inhaul cables is adjustable. According to the anti-floating stable formwork for the retaining wall, the positions of the anchoring parts are adjustable, the lengths of the inhaul cables are adjustable, the formwork can still keep excellent anti-floating performance when the height of the retaining wall is large, and the anti-floating effect of a formwork system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of retaining wall construction, and particularly relates to an anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls and a method for forming retaining walls. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of wharves, the construction of revetment retaining walls (also known as breast walls) usually adopts the method of casting concrete in-situ after setting up formwork. During the concrete pouring process, due to its strong fluidity and low density before initial setting, a relatively large buoyancy force is often generated. Especially when using inclined surface formwork, this buoyancy force is likely to exceed the anti-floating capacity provided by the formwork fixing system, resulting in the formwork floating or local displacement, and further affecting the uniformity of concrete pouring and the stability of the overall structure.

[0003] The Chinese utility model patent with the publication number CN220598505U discloses an anti-floating structure for a gravity retaining wall formwork, and its design transfers the buoyancy force received by the formwork to the bottom plate through steel ropes and steel hooks, effectively reducing the risk of formwork floating. However, in the project of seaside revetment retaining walls, due to the large project volume and high retaining wall height (vertical height of 3 - 6 meters), this structure has the following deficiencies: Firstly, to meet the requirements of large-volume projects, the required steel rope length is relatively long, and energy loss and reduced anti-floating effect may occur during long-distance force transmission; Secondly, the steel hooks described in this structure are fixed to the bottom plate by welding, and once installed, they cannot be moved, and the position of the anchoring points cannot be flexibly arranged, thus restricting the flexibility and overall anti-floating performance of the anti-floating structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency of the existing formwork anti-floating structure with poor anti-floating effect during the construction of large-volume retaining walls, and to provide an anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls and a method for forming retaining walls.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present invention provides an anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls, including inclined surface formwork and back formwork arranged opposite to each other, and further including: A plurality of tie rods, the tie rods pass through the inclined surface formwork and the back formwork, and the tie rods connect the inclined surface formwork and the back formwork; A plurality of anchor fittings, the positions of the anchor fittings are adjustable; A plurality of cables, the back formwork and the inclined surface formwork are respectively connected to the corresponding anchor fittings through cables, and the lengths of the cables are adjustable.

[0006] The anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls provided by the present invention does not require high-precision presetting of the positions of the embedded steel bars or embedded bolts connected to the anchor fittings during construction, reduces the insufficient cable tension caused by the deviation of the embedded parts and further affects the anti-floating performance of the formwork, and improves the construction efficiency.

[0007] When the retaining wall is relatively high and needs to be constructed in two or even three layers, the anti-floating and stabilizing formwork for the retaining wall can adapt to a relatively high retaining wall height. For example, the anti-floating and stabilizing formwork for the retaining wall can be located on the second or third layer. Construction workers can flexibly adjust the position of the anchoring points according to the specific project requirements to ensure that the inclined formwork and the back formwork can be stably anchored, thereby enhancing the anti-floating performance of the formwork.

[0008] The length of the cable is set to be adjustable. During the construction process, when the retaining wall is relatively high, by adjusting the length (tightness) of the cable, the position and attitude of the inclined formwork and the back formwork can be precisely controlled, avoiding the deficiency that the traditional steel wire rope is too long and its tightness is difficult to adjust, ensuring that the formwork remains stable during concrete pouring, and improving the anti-floating effect of the formwork system.

[0009] A plurality of tie rods are provided to connect the inclined formwork and the back formwork. By adjusting the tie rods, it can be ensured that the formwork is installed in place. When the inclined formwork is subjected to the buoyancy of the concrete, the tie rods can transfer the buoyancy received by the inclined formwork to the back formwork, so that the buoyancy is evenly dispersed, thereby reducing the possibility of the inclined formwork floating due to the floating force.

[0010] Preferably, the anchor fitting includes: The anchor fitting body, a guide groove is opened on the anchor fitting body, and the guide groove extends along the length direction of the anchor fitting body; The pull ring, the pull ring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the anchor fitting body, and the cable is detachably connected to the pull ring; The fastening member, the fastening member passes through the guide groove, and the fastening member is used to fixedly connect the anchor fitting body to the anchoring point.

[0011] The design of the guide groove allows the fastening member to pass through the guide groove and connect to the anchoring point. The anchor fitting body can be moved back and forth, and after adjusting the distance, it can be fastened, so that the anchor fitting can be flexibly arranged according to the specific construction requirements, adjust the angle between the cable and the anchoring point, reduce the construction delay or rework caused by the deviation of the position of the embedded parts, ensure that the cable is in a suitable position, and enhance the anti-floating effect. The cable transfers the force to the anchor fitting through the pull ring to ensure the stability of the formwork system and prevent it from floating or shifting.

[0012] Preferably, the fastening member includes: a sleeve part and a screw part. The sleeve part is provided with an internal thread, the screw part is fixedly connected to the sleeve part, the screw part passes through the guide groove, the diameter of the sleeve part is larger than the width of the guide groove, and the screw part is connected to the anchor fitting body through a nut.

[0013] The sleeve part is provided with internal threads, which facilitates connection with the embedded bolts at the anchoring points. At the same time, its diameter is larger than the width of the guide groove, making it impossible to pass through the guide groove, thus playing a role of support and positioning during installation. Construction workers only need to pass the screw part through the guide groove and then fix it with nuts to complete the installation, reducing the operation difficulty. At the construction site, the position of the anchoring point may deviate due to construction errors. By setting that the screw part can be passed through the guide groove, the main body of the anchor can move freely along the length direction of the guide groove, allowing the main body of the anchor to adjust its position according to actual needs during installation, and avoiding rework caused by position mismatch.

[0014] Preferably, the cable includes: a first steel cable, a second steel cable, and a flexible traction device connecting the first steel cable and the second steel cable; the first steel cable is connected to the inclined surface formwork or the back formwork, the second steel cable is connected to the anchor, and the flexible traction device is used to adjust the distance between the first steel cable and the second steel cable.

[0015] By adjusting the distance between the first steel cable and the second steel cable through the flexible traction device, the overall length of the cable is changed, enabling construction workers to flexibly adjust the tightness of the cable according to specific construction requirements (such as formwork height, position, or terrain changes), ensuring that the inclined surface formwork and the back formwork can maintain appropriate postures and stabilities under different conditions.

[0016] Preferably, the flexible traction device is a chain hoist.

[0017] The chain hoist can adjust the length of the cable by manually pulling the chain, without relying on electricity or complex tools. This simple operation method enables construction workers to quickly and flexibly adjust the tightness of the cable on-site, especially in cases where temporary adjustment requirements are frequent or on-site conditions are complex, which can significantly improve construction efficiency.

[0018] Preferably, it further includes a wedge-shaped spacer. The wedge-shaped spacer is located between the tie rod and the inclined surface formwork, and the wedge-shaped spacer is used to level the tie rod.

[0019] As a key component connecting the inclined surface formwork and the back formwork, the horizontal state of the tie rod directly affects the stability of the entire formwork system. The wedge-shaped spacer adopts an inclined surface design, which can provide a fine-tuning function between the tie rod and the inclined surface formwork. Construction workers can precisely control the horizontal state of the tie rod by moving the position of the wedge-shaped spacer or replacing spacers with different wedge angles, ensuring that it is in an ideal horizontal position after installation, effectively avoiding uneven stress caused by the uneven installation of the tie rod, and thus maintaining the stability of the formwork system during concrete pouring.

[0020] Preferably, it further includes a cantilever bracket. The cantilever bracket is fixed to the outer facade of the lower structure, and the back formwork is arranged on the cantilever bracket.

[0021] The cantilever support is directly fixed on the outer facade of the lower structure. For example, when the retaining wall is relatively high and needs to be constructed in two or even three layers, the cantilever support can be directly fixed on the outer facade of the first layer of the retaining wall, providing a stable support platform for the back formwork. In traditional retaining wall construction, the back formwork usually needs to be fixed by ground supports or other temporary structures. However, in projects with complex terrain or high altitude, the setting of ground supports may be restricted, resulting in increased construction difficulty and cost. The introduction of the cantilever support effectively reduces the dependence on ground supports, especially during high-altitude construction, which can significantly improve the construction flexibility and efficiency.

[0022] Preferably, it further includes a protective tube, the protective tube passes through the inclined formwork and the back formwork, and the tie rod is arranged inside the protective tube.

[0023] As an external protective layer of the tie rod, the protective tube can effectively isolate the direct contact between the tie rod and the concrete. During the concrete pouring and solidification process, the moisture, chemical components or impurities in the concrete may corrode or damage the tie rod. The protective tube prevents these harmful substances from eroding the tie rod through physical isolation, thereby extending the service life of the tie rod and reducing the cost of later maintenance and replacement; after the concrete solidifies, the tie rod can be easily withdrawn from the protective tube, facilitating the disassembly and reuse of the formwork.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for forming a retaining wall. The upper and lower layers of the retaining wall are formed step by step. The upper layer of the retaining wall is cast and formed by using the above-mentioned anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls, and it includes the following steps: S1: Reinforcement binding; S2: Install the lower-layer formwork of the retaining wall, install the embedded bolts and bolt nuts, and all the embedded bolts and bolt nuts are located inside the lower layer of the retaining wall; S3: Pour the concrete of the lower layer of the retaining wall; S4: Demolish the lower-layer formwork of the retaining wall, and remove the bolt nuts to expose the embedded bolts; S5: Install the back formwork and the inclined formwork, and connect the back formwork and the inclined formwork through tie rods; Connect the back formwork to the anchor through a cable; Connect the inclined formwork to the anchor through a cable; First, adjust the position of the anchor, connect the anchor to the embedded bolt, then tighten the cable, and adjust the tie rod to make the back formwork and the inclined formwork installed in place; S6: Pour the concrete of the upper layer of the retaining wall; S7: Demolish the back formwork and the inclined formwork.

[0025] The retaining wall forming method provided by the present invention, aiming at the situation of relatively high retaining wall height in the seaside revetment retaining wall project, adopts the method of forming in two layers successively from bottom to top. First, the lower layer of concrete is poured, and after it solidifies, the upper layer is poured, avoiding the construction complexity and quality control problems brought by pouring a large volume of concrete at one time.

[0026] Before pouring the lower layer of concrete of the retaining wall, embedded bolts and bolt nuts are installed, providing a solid anchoring foundation for the installation of the upper layer formwork.

[0027] After the construction of the lower layer of concrete of the retaining wall is completed, the bolt nuts can be removed to leave a cavity with the same shape as the bolt nuts. The anchor can extend into the cavity and be connected to the embedded bolts. Since both the bolt nuts and the embedded bolts are entirely located within the lower layer of the retaining wall, it does not affect the installation of the anchor.

[0028] The back formwork and the inclined formwork are respectively connected to the anchor by using cables, and by adjusting the position of the anchor and tightening the cables, the anti-floating ability of the formwork during the concrete pouring process is effectively enhanced. This design prevents the formwork from floating or shifting due to the buoyancy of the concrete, ensuring the forming quality of the upper layer of the retaining wall.

[0029] Preferably, S2 further includes: Pour a cement pier and fixedly connect the lower layer formwork to the cement pier by using a reinforcing diagonal brace.

[0030] Since the height of the lower layer of the retaining wall is relatively low, it is not necessary to use flexible cables. Instead, the lower layer formwork can be fixedly connected to the cement pier by using rigid reinforcing diagonal braces. The reinforcing diagonal braces can provide tensile force and rigid support for the lower layer formwork. On the one hand, during the pouring process of the lower layer of concrete, the flow of the concrete will generate lateral pressure, attempting to push the formwork. The rigid characteristics of the reinforcing diagonal braces can conduct this pressure to the cement pier, preventing the lower layer formwork from undergoing lateral displacement or deformation. On the other hand, when pouring concrete, due to its strong fluidity and low density before initial setting, it will generate an upward buoyant force on the lower layer formwork. The fixed connection between the reinforcing diagonal braces and the cement pier can play a role in resisting the buoyant force of the concrete, significantly reducing the risk of the lower layer formwork floating.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. The present invention provides an anti - floating and stable formwork for retaining walls, with adjustable positions of anchor fittings. During construction, there is no need to preset the positions of embedded steel bars or embedded bolts connected to the anchor fittings with high precision, reducing the insufficient cable tension caused by the deviation of embedded parts, which in turn affects the anti - floating performance of the formwork and improving the construction efficiency. When the retaining wall is relatively high and needs to be constructed in two or even three layers, this anti - floating and stable formwork for retaining walls can adapt to a relatively high retaining wall height. For example, this formwork can be located on the second or third layer. Construction workers can flexibly adjust the positions of the anchoring points according to the specific project requirements to ensure that the inclined formwork and the back formwork can be stably anchored, enhancing the anti - floating performance of the formwork. 2. The present invention provides an anti - floating and stable formwork for retaining walls, with adjustable cable lengths. During the construction process, when the retaining wall is relatively high, by adjusting the cable lengths (tightness), the positions and postures of the inclined formwork and the back formwork can be precisely controlled, avoiding the deficiencies of traditional steel ropes being too long and difficult to adjust in tightness, ensuring the stability of the formwork during concrete pouring, and improving the anti - floating effect of the formwork system. 3. The present invention provides an anti - floating and stable formwork for retaining walls, with multiple tie rods connecting the inclined formwork and the back formwork. By adjusting the tie rods, it can ensure that the formwork is installed in place. When the inclined formwork is subjected to the upward buoyancy of the concrete, the tie rods can transfer the buoyancy force received by the inclined formwork to the back formwork, evenly dispersing the buoyancy force, thereby reducing the possibility of the inclined formwork floating due to the floating force.

[0032] 4. The present invention provides a method for forming a retaining wall. By using cables to connect the back formwork and the inclined formwork to the anchor fittings respectively, and by adjusting the positions of the anchor fittings and tightening the cables, the anti - floating ability of the formwork during concrete pouring is effectively enhanced, preventing the formwork from floating or shifting due to the concrete buoyancy force, and ensuring the forming quality of the upper layer of the retaining wall. Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the construction of the lower layer of the retaining wall; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the construction of the upper layer of the retaining wall; Figure 3 For Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Figure 4 For Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of part B in Figure 5 For Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of part C in Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the main structure of the anchor fitting with a pull - ring installed; Figure 7 Cross - sectional view of the bolt cap; Figure 8It is the left view of the bolt cap; Figure 9 It is the structural schematic diagram of the fastening component.

[0034] Markings in the figure: 1 - inclined plane template, 2 - back template, 3 - tie rod, 4 - anchor, 41 - anchor main body, 411 - guide groove, 42 - pull ring, 43 - fastening component, 431 - sleeve part, 432 - screw part, 433 - step part, 44 - nut, 45 - gasket, 5 - cable, 51 - first steel cable, 52 - second steel cable, 53 - flexible traction device, 6 - wedge-shaped cushion block, 7 - cantilever support, 8 - protective pipe, 9 - embedded bolt, 10 - bolt cap, 101 - clamping groove, 100 - lower template, 200 - cement pier, 300 - reinforcing diagonal brace, 400 - cavity, 500 - ear plate. Specific embodiments

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, without special instructions, the expression terms of orientation or positional relationship such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "center", "inner", "outer", etc. are all based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship when the invention product / device / equipment is commonly used. These terms of orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the solution of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, so as to facilitate technicians to quickly understand the solution, rather than indicating or implying that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0037] In addition, if terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging", "parallel", etc. appear, it does not mean that the corresponding device / component / element is required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or hanging or parallel, but can be slightly inclined or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined. Or, it can be simply understood that the corresponding device / component / element is arranged in the directions of "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still play its role in the solution of the present invention.

[0038] In addition, the use of terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc. is only for distinguishing the description of the same or similar components, and should not be construed as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0039] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "multiple", and "a number of" represent at least two. It can be any case of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, etc., and can even be a case of more than 9.

[0040] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / restricted, when terms such as "set", "installed", "connected", "connected", "provided with", "laid", "arranged" appear, they should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a connection means commonly used in the art such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connection. Such a connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two components.

[0041] Embodiment 1 This embodiment provides an anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls. Specifically, the anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls is applicable to the casting construction of retaining walls formed in two steps of upper and lower layers, and the anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls can be used for the concrete casting of the upper layer of the retaining wall.

[0042] As Figure 2 shown, the anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls provided in this embodiment includes inclined surface formworks 1 and back formworks 2 arranged oppositely, and further includes: A number of tie rods 3, the tie rods 3 pass through the inclined surface formworks 1 and the back formworks 2, and the tie rods 3 connect the inclined surface formworks 1 and the back formworks 2; specifically, as Figure 2 、 Figure 4 shown, holes can be drilled at predetermined positions of the inclined surface formworks 1 and the back formworks 2 for the tie rods 3 to pass through, and the tie rods 3 can specifically be tension bolts.

[0043] Furthermore, it also includes a protective tube 8. Specifically, the protective tube 8 can be a PVC tube. The protective tube 8 passes through the inclined surface formwork 1 and the back formwork 2. For example, the protective tube 8 can be first passed through the holes at the predetermined positions of the inclined surface formwork 1 and the back formwork 2, and then the tie rod 3 is inserted into the protective tube 8. As the external protective layer of the tie rod 3, the protective tube 8 can effectively isolate the direct contact between the tie rod 3 and the concrete. During the concrete pouring and solidification process, the moisture, chemical components or impurities in the concrete may corrode or damage the tie rod 3. The protective tube 8 prevents these harmful substances from eroding the tie rod 3 through physical isolation, thereby extending the service life of the tie rod 3 and reducing the cost of later maintenance and replacement; after the concrete solidifies, the tie rod 3 can be easily pulled out from the protective tube 8, which is convenient for the disassembly and reuse of the formwork.

[0044] Furthermore, as Figure 4 shown, since the inclined surface formwork 1 is inclined, in order to ensure that the tie rod 3 is horizontal, a wedge-shaped pad 6 can be installed between the end of the tie rod 3 passing through the inclined surface formwork 1 and the inclined surface formwork 1 to adjust the tie rod 3 to be horizontal. As a key component connecting the inclined surface formwork 1 and the back formwork 2, the horizontal state of the tie rod 3 directly affects the stability of the entire formwork system. The wedge-shaped pad 6 adopts an inclined surface design and can provide a fine-tuning function between the tie rod 3 and the inclined surface formwork 1. Construction workers can precisely control the horizontal state of the tie rod 3 by moving the position of the wedge-shaped pad 6 or replacing pads with different wedge angles to ensure that it is in an ideal horizontal position after installation, effectively avoiding uneven stress caused by the uneven installation of the tie rod 3, and thus maintaining the stability of the formwork system during the concrete pouring process.

[0045] Furthermore, as Figure 2 shown, since the anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls provided in this embodiment is applicable to the concrete pouring of the upper layer of the retaining wall, the back formwork 2 in this embodiment may be in a suspended state. Therefore, the anti-floating and stable formwork for retaining walls provided in this embodiment also includes a cantilever support 7. The cantilever support 7 is fixed to the outer surface of the lower structure, and the back formwork 2 is arranged on the cantilever support 7.

[0046] Specifically, the cantilever support 7 in this embodiment can be a tripod structure with a top cantilever. A plank road for construction workers to walk on can be built on the top of the cantilever support 7, and the back formwork 2 is supported on the top of the cantilever support 7. The cantilever support 7 is directly fixed on the outer facade of the lower structure. For example, when the retaining wall is relatively high and needs to be constructed in two or even three layers, the cantilever support 7 can be directly fixed on the outer facade of the first-layer retaining wall, providing a stable support platform for the back formwork 2. In traditional retaining wall construction, the back formwork 2 usually needs to be fixed by ground supports or other temporary structures. However, in projects with complex terrain or high heights, the setting of ground supports may be restricted, resulting in increased construction difficulty and cost. The introduction of the cantilever support 7 effectively reduces the dependence on ground supports, especially during high-altitude construction, and can significantly improve the construction flexibility and efficiency.

[0047] A number of anchor fittings 4, and the positions of the anchor fittings 4 are adjustable; for example, the anchor fittings 4 can be close to or far from the formwork.

[0048] Specifically, as Figure 2 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 shown, the anchor fitting 4 includes: An anchor fitting main body 41, a guide groove 411 is opened in the anchor fitting main body 41. Specifically, the guide groove 411 can be located in the middle of the anchor fitting main body 41, and the guide groove 411 can penetrate the anchor fitting main body 41 up and down to ensure that the fastening member 43 can pass through the guide groove 411. The guide groove 411 extends along the length direction of the anchor fitting main body 41.

[0049] A pull ring 42. Specifically, the pull ring 42 can be a U-shaped pull ring, and the pull ring 42 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the anchor fitting main body 41. The cable 5 is detachably connected to the pull ring 42; A fastening member 43, the fastening member 43 passes through the guide groove 411, and the fastening member 43 is used to fixedly connect the anchor fitting main body 41 to the anchoring point. For example, the fastening member 43 can be fixedly connected to the embedded bolt or the embedded steel bar.

[0050] The design of the guide groove 411 allows the fastening member 43 to pass through the guide groove 411 and connect to the anchoring point. The anchor fitting main body 41 can be moved back and forth to adjust the distance and then fastened, so that the anchor fitting 4 can be flexibly arranged according to specific construction requirements, adjust the angle between the cable 5 and the anchoring point, reduce construction delays or rework caused by position deviations of the embedded parts, ensure that the cable 5 is in a suitable position, and improve the anti-floating effect. The cable 5 transmits the force to the anchor fitting 4 through the pull ring 42 to ensure the stability of the formwork system and prevent it from floating or shifting.

[0051] Furthermore, as Figure 5 、 Figure 9As shown, the fastening component 43 includes: a sleeve portion 431 and a screw portion 432. The sleeve portion 431 has an internal thread, for example, the internal thread can be connected to the external thread of the embedded bolt. The screw portion 432 is fixedly connected to the sleeve portion 431. It can be foreseen that the screw portion 432 and the sleeve portion 431 can be integrally formed or a split structure. The screw portion 432 is inserted into the guide groove 411. The diameter of the sleeve portion 431 is greater than the width of the guide groove 411. The screw portion 432 is connected to the anchor body 41 through a nut 44.

[0052] The sleeve portion 431 is provided with an internal thread, which is convenient for connection with the embedded bolt 9 on the anchor point. At the same time, its diameter is larger than the width of the guide groove 411, so that it cannot pass through the guide groove 411, thereby playing a supporting and positioning role during installation. The construction personnel only need to insert the screw portion 432 into the guide groove 411, and then fix it with the nut 44 to complete the installation, which reduces the difficulty of operation. At the construction site, the position of the anchor point may deviate due to construction errors. The screw portion 432 is set to be able to be inserted into the guide groove 411, and the anchor body 41 can move freely along the length direction of the guide groove 411, allowing the anchor body 41 to adjust its position according to actual needs during installation, avoiding rework due to position mismatch.

[0053] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, a gasket 45 is further provided between the nut 44 and the upper surface of the anchor body 41. Specifically, the gasket 45 can be a metal gasket or a rubber gasket. The gasket 45 increases the contact area between the nut 44 and the anchor body 41, disperses the local pressure exerted by the nut 44 on the anchor body 41, and thus improves the stability of the connection.

[0054] Further, such as Figure 9 As shown, the fastening component 43 further includes a step portion 433, which is located between the sleeve portion 431 and the screw portion 432. Specifically, the step portion 433 can be set to a triangle, a quadrangle or a hexagon, which can match a standard wrench or other tools, provide a reliable fulcrum, and facilitate construction workers to use tools to install and remove the fastening component 43.

[0055] A plurality of cables 5, through which the back template 2 is connected to the corresponding anchors 4, for example Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of ear plates 500 can be welded on the back template 2, one end of the cable 5 is connected to the back template 2 through the ear plate 500, and the other end of the cable 5 is connected to the anchor 4. The anchor 4 connected to the back template 2 can be anchored to the ground.

[0056] The inclined template 1 is connected to the corresponding anchor 4 through the cable 5, for example Figure 2As shown, a number of lugs 500 can be welded on the inclined plane formwork 1. One end of the cable 5 is connected to the inclined plane formwork 1 through the lugs 500, and the other end of the cable 5 is connected to the anchor 4. The anchor 4 connected to the inclined plane formwork 1 can be specifically anchored to the lower layer of the retaining wall that has been poured. The length of the cable 5 is adjustable.

[0057] Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, the cable 5 includes: a first steel cable 51, a second steel cable 52, and a flexible traction device 53 connecting the first steel cable 51 and the second steel cable 52; the first steel cable 51 is connected to the inclined plane formwork 1 or the back formwork 2, the second steel cable 52 is connected to the anchor 4, and the flexible traction device 53 is used to adjust the distance between the first steel cable 51 and the second steel cable 52. By adjusting the distance between the first steel cable 51 and the second steel cable 52 through the flexible traction device 53, the overall length of the cable 5 can be changed, enabling construction workers to flexibly adjust the tightness of the cable 5 according to specific construction requirements (such as formwork height, position, or terrain changes), ensuring that the inclined plane formwork 1 and the back formwork 2 can maintain appropriate postures and stabilities under different conditions.

[0058] Furthermore, the flexible traction device 53 is a chain hoist. The chain hoist can adjust the length of the cable 5 by manually pulling the chain, without relying on electricity or complex tools. This simple operation method enables construction workers to quickly and flexibly adjust the tightness of the cable 5 on-site, especially in cases where temporary adjustment requirements are frequent or site conditions are complex, which can significantly improve construction efficiency.

[0059] The anti-floating and stabilizing formwork for retaining walls provided in this embodiment does not require high-precision presetting of the positions of embedded steel bars or embedded bolts connected to the anchor fittings 4 during construction, reducing the insufficient tension of the cable 5 caused by the deviation of the embedded parts and thus affecting the anti-floating performance of the formwork, and improving the construction efficiency. When the retaining wall is relatively high and needs to be constructed in two or even three layers, the anti-floating and stabilizing formwork for retaining walls can adapt to a relatively high retaining wall height. For example, the anti-floating and stabilizing formwork for retaining walls can be located on the second or third layer, and the construction workers can flexibly adjust the positions of the anchoring points according to the specific engineering requirements to ensure that the inclined formwork 1 and the back formwork 2 can be stably anchored, improving the anti-floating performance of the formwork. The length of the cable 5 is set to be adjustable. During the construction process, when the retaining wall is relatively high, by adjusting the length (tightness) of the cable 5, the positions and postures of the inclined formwork 1 and the back formwork 2 can be accurately controlled, avoiding the deficiencies of the traditional steel wire rope being too long and difficult to adjust the tightness, ensuring the stability of the formwork during concrete pouring, and improving the anti-floating effect of the formwork system. A plurality of tie rods 3 are provided to connect the inclined formwork 1 and the back formwork 2. By adjusting the tie rods 3, the formwork can be ensured to be installed in place. When the inclined formwork 1 is subjected to the buoyancy of the concrete, the tie rods 3 can transfer the buoyancy received by the inclined formwork 1 to the back formwork 2, so that the buoyancy is evenly dispersed, thereby reducing the possibility of the inclined formwork 1 floating due to the floating force.

[0060] Embodiment 2 This embodiment provides a method for forming a retaining wall. The upper and lower layers of the retaining wall are formed step by step. The upper layer of the retaining wall is cast and formed by using the anti-floating and stabilizing formwork for retaining walls provided in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: S1: Steel bar binding; Since the upper and lower layers of the retaining wall in this embodiment are formed step by step, that is, the steel bars of the upper and lower layers of the retaining wall are connected, the length of the overlapping of the upper-layer steel bars can be reserved during the binding of the lower-layer steel bars.

[0061] S2: As Figure 1 shown ( Figure 1 the steel bars bound as shown are not shown), install the lower-layer formwork 100 of the retaining wall. Specifically, before installing the lower-layer formwork 100 of the retaining wall, the axis lofting of the rear formwork can be carried out first, and its axis position is tightened with a yarn and marked with an ink fountain. After everything is ready, first install the rear formwork and the front formwork. After the formwork is in place, use flange screws to reinforce the formwork into a whole, and keep all the joints in the same form on the horizontal or vertical plane, with the joints being tight and without leakage of slurry.

[0062] Pour the concrete pier 200, and use the reinforcing diagonal brace 300 to fixedly connect the lower formwork 100 to the concrete pier 200. Specifically, the reinforcing diagonal brace 300 can use I-beams. The concrete pier 200 can be poured on the bottom plate, and the volume of the concrete pier 200 is 1.5m×1.5m×1.5m. Since the height of the lower layer of the retaining wall is relatively low, there is no need to use flexible cables 5. Instead, the lower formwork 100 can be fixedly connected to the concrete pier 200 through the rigid reinforcing diagonal brace 300. The reinforcing diagonal brace 300 can provide tensile resistance and rigid support for the lower formwork 100. On the one hand, during the pouring of the lower layer of concrete, the flow of the concrete will generate lateral pressure, attempting to push and squeeze the formwork. The rigid characteristics of the reinforcing diagonal brace 300 can conduct this pressure to the concrete pier 200, preventing the lower formwork 100 from undergoing lateral displacement or deformation. On the other hand, when pouring concrete, due to its strong fluidity and low density before initial setting, it will generate an upward buoyant force on the lower formwork 100. The fixed connection between the reinforcing diagonal brace 300 and the concrete pier 200 can play a role in resisting the buoyant force of the concrete, significantly reducing the risk of the lower formwork 100 floating upward.

[0063] As Figure 1 shown, tie rods 3 can also be set between the lower formworks 100. Use a plumb bob to hang vertically from the top of the formwork to the axis. By adjusting the tie rods 3 and the reinforcing diagonal brace 300 connected to the lower formwork 100 (such as the front formwork of the lower formwork 100), the formwork can be installed in place accurately.

[0064] Install the embedded bolts 9 and bolt nuts 10. The embedded bolts 9 and bolt nuts 10 are all located inside the lower layer of the retaining wall; Specifically, as Figure 1 、 Figure 3 shown, one end of the embedded bolt 9 can be set in a dovetail shape (a Y-shaped structure with two split petals) to ensure that the embedded bolt 9 is firmly connected to the concrete after pouring the concrete. The other end of the embedded bolt 9 is threadedly connected to the bolt nut 10. As Figure 3 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 shown, the bolt nut 10 can specifically be frustum-shaped, and the upper bottom surface area of the frustum is smaller than the lower bottom surface area. When embedding the bolt nut 10 and the embedded bolt 9, the embedded bolt 9 can be first screwed into the bolt nut 10 from the upper bottom surface of the bolt nut 10 (such as Figure 7 the right side surface of the bolt nut 10 in . Since the bolt nut 10 is frustum-shaped, the structure feature of the frustum with wider outside and narrower inside makes the bolt nut 10 not be stuck by the concrete when the bolt nut 10 is unscrewed after the concrete is poured, and the bolt nut 10 can be easily unscrewed, leaving a frustum-shaped cavity 400 with wider outside and narrower inside. The sleeve part 431 can more easily enter the cavity 400 and align with the embedded bolt 9, thus completing the threaded connection. Significantly reducing the alignment difficulty during installation and providing convenience for the connection of the subsequent fastening component 43.

[0065] Further, such as Figure 8 As shown, the lower bottom surface of the bolt cap 10 is provided with a slot 101. Specifically, the slot 101 can be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the screw hole in the bolt cap 10. With this structural arrangement, the slot 101 provides a construction worker with an interface for matching with a specific tool (such as a wrench, a screwdriver or a special screwdriver), making it easier to tighten or loosen the bolt cap 10. Compared with a smooth lower bottom surface, the slot 101 can better accommodate tools and reduce slippage during operation, so that construction workers can complete the installation and removal of the bolt cap 10 faster and more labor-saving.

[0066] After the main formwork is installed, the end formwork is installed last and the whole is reinforced. After the formwork is dusted and rusted, it is immediately coated with a release agent and installed.

[0067] S3: pouring concrete of the lower layer of the retaining wall. Specifically, the lower layer of the retaining wall can be poured by self-unloading the chute of a concrete tank truck.

[0068] S4: Remove the lower layer template 100 of the retaining wall, remove the bolt cap 10 to expose the embedded bolt 9, for example, it can be as follows Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, after the bolt cap 10 is unscrewed, the top of the embedded bolt 9 is completely located in the cavity 400; S5: Figure 2 As shown ( Figure 2 The steel bars tied in the middle are not shown), the back template 2 and the inclined template 1 are installed, and the back template 2 and the inclined template 1 are connected by the pull rod 3.

[0069] Use the cable 5 to connect the back formwork 2 with the anchor 4, and the anchor 4 connected to the back formwork 2 can be anchored to the ground or the base plate; use the cable 5 to connect the slope formwork 1 with the anchor 4, and the anchor 4 connected to the slope formwork 1 can be anchored to the lower layer of the retaining wall that has been cast.

[0070] Firstly, adjust the position of the anchor 4, connect the anchor 4 with the embedded bolt 9, then tighten the cable 5, and adjust the pull rod 3 so that the back template 2 and the inclined template 1 are installed in place.

[0071] During construction, the position of the anchor 4 is first determined. If the position of the anchor 4 is not appropriate, the construction personnel can adjust the relative position of the anchor 4 and the embedded bolt 9 to ensure that the formwork system has a reliable anchor point. Adjusting the cable 5 and the rod 3 can ensure that the back formwork 2 and the inclined formwork 1 located above the lower layer of the retaining wall are in the correct position and tightly connected to the anchor point, providing the anti-floating stability of the formwork.

[0072] S6: Concrete pouring on the upper layer of the retaining wall. Specifically, concrete pouring on the upper layer of the retaining wall can be done by using a pump truck.

[0073] S7: Remove the back template 2 and the inclined template 1.

[0074] In this embodiment, double-sided tape can be used to stop slurry leakage at the formwork joints. The settlement joint width of the retaining wall can be 25 mm, and the joint is filled with asphalt wood fiberboard.

[0075] For the retaining wall forming method provided in this embodiment, aiming at the situation of a relatively high retaining wall height in the seaside revetment retaining wall project, the upper and lower layers are formed in sequence. First, the lower layer of concrete is poured, and after it is cured, the upper layer is poured. This avoids the construction complexity and quality control problems brought about by pouring a large volume of concrete at one time.

[0076] Before pouring the lower layer of concrete of the retaining wall, the embedded bolts 9 and bolt nuts 10 are installed, providing a solid anchoring foundation for the installation of the upper formwork.

[0077] After the construction of the lower layer of concrete of the retaining wall is completed, the bolt nut 10 can be removed to leave a cavity 400 with the same shape as the bolt nut 10. The anchor 4 can extend into the cavity 400 to be connected with the embedded bolt 9. Since both the bolt nut 10 and the embedded bolt 9 are entirely located within the lower layer of the retaining wall, it does not affect the installation of the anchor 4.

[0078] The back formwork 2 and the inclined formwork 1 are respectively connected to the anchor 4 by using the cable 5. By adjusting the position of the anchor 4 and tightening the cable 5, the anti-floating ability of the formwork during the concrete pouring process is effectively enhanced. This design prevents the formwork from floating or shifting due to the concrete buoyancy, ensuring the forming quality of the upper layer of the retaining wall.

[0079] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A buoyancy-resistant stable formwork for a retaining wall, comprising an inclined formwork (1) and a back formwork (2) arranged opposite to each other, characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of tie rods (3), wherein the tie rods (3) pass through the inclined template (1) and the back template (2), and the tie rods (3) connect the inclined template (1) and the back template (2); A plurality of anchors (4), wherein the positions of the anchors (4) are adjustable; A plurality of cables (5), the back template (2) and the inclined template (1) are respectively connected to corresponding anchors (4) via the cables (5), and the length of the cables (5) is adjustable.

2. The anti-floating stable formwork for retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor (4) comprises: An anchor body (41), the anchor body (41) being provided with a guide groove (411), the guide groove (411) extending along the length direction of the anchor body (41); A pull ring (42), the pull ring (42) being fixedly connected to the upper surface of the anchor body (41), and the pull rope (5) being detachably connected to the pull ring (42); A fastening component (43), the fastening component (43) being inserted into the guide groove (411), and the fastening component (43) being used to fixedly connect the anchor body (41) to the anchor point.

3. The anti-floating stable formwork for retaining wall according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fastening component (43) comprises: A sleeve portion (431) and a screw portion (432), wherein the sleeve portion (431) is provided with an internal thread, the screw portion (432) is fixedly connected to the sleeve portion (431), the screw portion (432) is inserted into the guide groove (411), the diameter of the sleeve portion (431) is greater than the width of the guide groove (411), and the screw portion (432) is connected to the anchor body (41) via a nut (44).

4. The anti-floating stable formwork for retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pull cable (5) comprises: a first steel cable (51), a second steel cable (52) and a flexible traction device (53) connecting the first steel cable (51) and the second steel cable (52); the first steel cable (51) is connected to the inclined template (1) or the back template (2), the second steel cable (52) is connected to the anchor (4), and the flexible traction device (53) is used to adjust the distance between the first steel cable (51) and the second steel cable (52).

5. The anti-floating stable formwork for retaining wall according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flexible traction device (53) is a hand chain hoist.

6. The anti-floating stable formwork for retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also comprises a wedge-shaped pad (6), wherein the wedge-shaped pad (6) is located between the pull rod (3) and the inclined surface template (1), and the wedge-shaped pad (6) is used to adjust the level of the pull rod (3).

7. The anti-floating stable formwork for retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also comprises a cantilever bracket (7), the cantilever bracket (7) being fixed to the outer facade of the lower structure, and the back template (2) being arranged on the cantilever bracket (7).

8. The anti-floating stable formwork for retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also comprises a protective tube (8), wherein the protective tube (8) passes through the inclined template (1) and the back template (2), and the pull rod (3) is inserted into the protective tube (8).

9. A retaining wall forming method, characterized in that: The upper and lower layers of the retaining wall are formed in steps, and the upper layer of the retaining wall is cast by using an anti-floating stable formwork for retaining wall as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8. The following steps are involved: S1: Steel bar binding; S2: Install the lower layer formwork (100) of the retaining wall, install the embedded bolts (9) and the bolt caps (10), and all the embedded bolts (9) and the bolt caps (10) are located in the lower layer of the retaining wall; S3: pouring concrete of the lower layer of retaining wall; S4: removing the lower layer formwork (100) of the retaining wall and removing the bolt caps (10) to expose the embedded bolts (9); S5: Install the back template (2) and the inclined template (1), and connect the back template (2) and the inclined template (1) via a tie rod (3); The back template (2) is connected to the anchor (4) using a tension cable (5); the inclined template (1) is connected to the anchor (4) using a tension cable (5); First, adjust the position of the anchor (4), connect the anchor (4) with the embedded bolt (9), then tighten the cable (5), and adjust the pull rod (3) so that the back template (2) and the inclined template (1) are installed in place; S6: Concrete pouring of the upper layer of retaining wall; S7: Remove the back template (2) and the bevel template (1).

10. A retaining wall forming method according to claim 9, characterized in that: S2 also includes: The cement pier (200) is poured, and the lower layer formwork (100) is fixedly connected to the cement pier (200) using a reinforcing diagonal brace (300).

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