Steel structure combined type supporting structure for falling or dumping type dangerous rock

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and discloses a falling or toppling type dangerous rock steel structure combined supporting structure which comprises at least two supporting structures, each supporting structure comprises a base structure, a top supporting structure, a bracket structure, an inclined supporting structure and a pull rod structure, one end of each inclined supporting structure is fixed to a rock wall through the corresponding base structure, and the other end of each inclined supporting structure is fixed to the corresponding pull rod structure. And the other end is connected with the outermost side of the bracket structure. The diagonal bracing structures are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the bracket structure, the other end of the bracket structure is located in a rock wall, and the top bracing structure is located on the upper portion of the bracket structure and directly makes contact with the top face of a supporting dangerous rock cavity. One end of the pull rod structure is connected with the diagonal bracing structure, the other end of the pull rod structure is connected with the end, close to the rock wall, of the bracket structure, and the base structure, the top bracing structure, the bracket structure, the diagonal bracing structure and the pull rod structure are triangular. According to the scheme, the preorder structure is used for forming the combined support, the foundation stability problem and the space height problem of the limiting supporting structure are solved, and the supporting structure can be conveniently installed in the limited space to form the stable support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and particularly relates to a steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks. Background Art

[0002] In mountainous and hilly areas, with diverse landform types and complex geological conditions, under the influence of extreme rainfall, heavy rainfall, human activities, engineering construction, etc., geological disasters occur frequently, such as collapses, landslides, debris flows, etc., and group injury incidents occur from time to time, making the task of geological disaster prevention and control arduous.

[0003] Especially in canyon areas, with steep terrain and developed fissures, it provides good geological conditions for the development of dangerous rocks. And the collapse of dangerous rocks is sudden and difficult to predict. Once it collapses, it will cause a devastating blow to the protected objects below. At present, the prevention and control measures for dangerous rocks include active prevention, passive blocking, and monitoring and early warning. Among them, the active prevention measures include removal, anchoring, rock cavity filling support, active protection net, grouting, drainage, etc. according to different failure modes.

[0004] When there is an obvious rock cavity at the bottom of the dangerous rock, for falling and toppling dangerous rocks, support is mainly used for treatment. By providing support force through the bottom support structure or changing the center of gravity of the dangerous rock mass, the stability of the dangerous rock is improved. At present, the support structures mainly include full support, wall support, column support, and arch support, and the materials are basically rubble concrete or reinforced concrete. However, in actual engineering, there are many situations where there is not enough support space at the bottom, or there is no stable foundation, and in some high and steep canyon sections, the rock cavity is at a great height from the bottom. Using traditional support structures has obvious defects and cannot achieve the purpose of treating dangerous rocks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks to solve the technical problems that the traditional concrete support structure does not have enough support space and a stable support foundation and cannot effectively treat dangerous rocks.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks, including at least two support structures, and each support structure includes: a base structure, a top support structure, a bracket structure, a diagonal bracing structure, and a tie rod structure. One end of the diagonal bracing structure is fixed to the rock wall through the base structure, the other end of the diagonal bracing structure is connected to the outermost side of the bracket structure, the diagonal bracing structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bracket structure, the other end of the bracket structure is located inside the rock wall, the top of the bracket structure is used to support the top support structure, the top support structure is used to support the top surface of the dangerous rock cavity, one end of the tie rod structure is connected to the diagonal bracing structure, the other end of the tie rod structure is connected to the end of the bracket structure close to the rock wall, and the base structure, the top support structure, the bracket structure, the diagonal bracing structure, and the tie rod structure are in a pyramid shape.

[0007] Principle of this solution: The support structure directly acts on the top of the dangerous rock cavity. The support structure transmits the force to the bracket structure. Most of the force is converted into the uplift force of the bracket and transmitted to the mother rock. Part of the force is transmitted to the base structure through the diagonal bracing structure and converted into the pressure of the base structure and transmitted to the mother rock. Further, the deformation of the diagonal bracing structure is restricted by the tie rod system.

[0008] Advantages of this solution: This solution not only solves the problem of restricting the foundation stability of the support structure, but also eliminates the problem of the space height of the support structure; it can also be quickly assembled, with convenient construction, simple operation, and strong adaptability, and can be well applied to the dangerous rock treatment project.

[0009] Preferably, the top support structure includes: a top plate, a support plate, a locking plate, a tension rope, a force transmission pipe, a buckle, and an active mesh. The top plate is used to support the top surface of the dangerous rock cavity. The top plate is U-shaped. One end of the support plate is connected to the bracket structure, and the other end of the support plate passes through the bottom of the top plate and is connected to the top surface of the top plate. The active mesh is located on the upper surface of the top plate. One end of the locking plate is connected to the outermost side of the bracket structure, and the other end of the locking plate is connected to the outermost end of the top plate. The tension rope is located inside the top plate. One end of the tension rope passes through the support plate and the locking plate and is fixed to the locking plate through a buckle. The other end of the tension rope is fixed to the innermost support plate through a buckle. The tension rope passes through the force transmission pipe, and the force transmission pipe is located between the support plates and is in close contact with the support plates.

[0010] Preferably, the bracket structure includes: a bracket, a positioning sill, a top support seat, a top support, a second bolt, and a second nut. The bracket is U-shaped. The positioning sills are arranged in pairs inside the bracket. The support plate is fixed to the bracket between the paired positioning sills. The connection part of the locking plate and the bracket is located outside the outermost positioning sill. The end of the bracket away from the locking plate is fixed to the upper end of the rock wall of the base structure. The top support seat is fixed to the bottom of the bracket through the second bolt and the second nut. The top support is fixed to the top support seat through the second bolt and the second nut. The diagonal bracing structure is connected to the top support.

[0011] Preferably, the bracket is fixed in an anchor pit in the rock wall, and barbs are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the inner end portion of the bracket in the rock wall. The barbs can effectively disperse the tensile force applied to the bracket, reduce local concentrated stress, and thus improve the tensile strength of the connection.

[0012] Preferably, multiple groups of positioning thresholds are provided in the bracket, and the distance between each pair of positioning thresholds is the same.

[0013] Preferably, the base structure includes: a bottom plate, a bottom support seat, a bottom brace, a third limit nut, a third nut, a third bolt, and an expansion bolt. The expansion bolt fixes the bottom plate and the bottom support seat to the rock wall. The bottom brace is T-shaped and is horizontally fixed on the upper surface of the bottom support seat through the third bolt and the third nut. One end of the diagonal brace structure is located at the corner of the bottom brace, and the other end of the diagonal brace structure is located at the corner of the top brace.

[0014] Preferably, expansion bolts are installed on the bottom plate on both sides of the vertical portion of the bottom brace.

[0015] Preferably, the diagonal brace structure includes: a brace rod, a limit tube, a limit plate, a second limit nut, a fourth limit nut, and a first screw joint. The brace rods are arranged in pairs. The paired brace rods are threadedly connected through the first screw joint. The non-threaded ends of the paired brace rods are respectively located at the corners of the bottom brace and the top brace. A fourth limit nut for locking the first screw joint is provided at the connection end of the brace rod and the first screw joint. The brace rod passes through the limit tube. A second limit nut for locking the position of the limit tube is provided at the end of the brace rod close to the first screw joint. A limit plate is provided between the limit tube and the second nut, and the brace rod passes through the limit plate.

[0016] Preferably, a sliding tube is further included, and the connection part of the brace rod and the first screw joint is located inside the sliding tube. The sliding tube is used to reinforce the screw joint in the middle of the diagonal brace system.

[0017] Preferably, the tie rod structure includes paired tie rods, a positioning plate, a fourth bolt, a fourth nut, and a second screw joint. The two ends of the second screw joint are respectively threadedly connected to the corresponding tie rods. The other end of one of the tie rods is fixed to the positioning plate through the fourth bolt and the fourth nut. The positioning plate is fixed to the sliding tube. The other end of the other tie rod is fixed to the bracket through the fourth bolt and the fourth nut. First limit nuts for locking the second screw joint are provided at the connection ends of the tie rods and the second screw joint.

[0018] In this solution, the top support system of the combined support structure directly acts on the top of the rock cavity. The force is transmitted to the corbel system through the support plate. Most of the force is converted into the uplift force of the corbel and transmitted to the mother rock. Part of the force is transmitted to the base system through the diagonal bracing system and converted into the pressure of the base system to be transmitted to the mother rock. Further, the tie rod system well restricts the buckling deformation of the diagonal bracing system. This solution not only solves the problem of the foundation stability of the support structure, but also eliminates the problem of the spatial height of the support structure. At the same time, it can be quickly assembled and has the advantages of convenient construction, simple operation, and strong adaptability, and can be well applied to the project of dangerous rock treatment. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 For an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of the embodiment.

[0021] Figure 3 For an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 It is a partial schematic view of the embodiment.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the base structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the diagonal bracing structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic connection diagram of the tie rod structure and the diagonal bracing structure of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Embodiment

[0025] The following is further detailed through specific embodiments:

[0026] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the specification include bottom plate 11, expansion bolt 12, bottom support base 13, bottom brace 14, third limit nut 15, third bolt 16, third nut 17, corbel 21, barbs 22, positioning sill 23, top support base 24, top brace 25, second bolt 26, second nut 27, anchor pit 28, strut 31, limit tube 32, limit plate 33, second limit nut 34, first screw joint 35, fourth limit nut 36, sliding tube 37, tie rod 41, positioning plate 42, fourth bolt 43, fourth nut 44, second screw joint 45, first limit nut 46, top plate 51, support plate 52, lock plate 53, force transmission pipe 54, tension rope 55, buckle 56, active net 57.

[0027] Embodiment:

[0028] A steel structure combined support structure for a falling or toppling dangerous rock, as shown in the attached Figure 1-Appendix Figure 6 As shown, it includes at least two support structures, and the support structures include: a base structure, a top support structure, a bracket structure, a diagonal bracing structure, and a tie rod structure. One end of the diagonal bracing structure is fixed to the rock wall through the base structure, the other end of the diagonal bracing structure is connected to the outermost side of the bracket structure, the diagonal bracing structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bracket structure, the other end of the bracket structure is located inside the rock wall, the top of the bracket structure is used to support the top support structure, the top support structure is used to support the top surface of the dangerous rock cavity, one end of the tie rod structure is connected to the diagonal bracing structure, the other end of the tie rod structure is connected to the end of the bracket structure close to the rock wall, and the base structure, the top support structure, the bracket structure, the diagonal bracing structure, and the tie rod structure are in a pyramid shape.

[0029] The base structure includes: a bottom plate 11, a bottom support seat 13, a bottom brace 14, a third limit nut 15, a third nut 17, a third bolt 16, and an expansion bolt 12. The expansion bolt 12 fixes the bottom plate 11 and the bottom support seat 13 to the rock wall. The bottom brace 14 is T-shaped, and the horizontal part of the bottom brace 14 is fixed to the upper surface of the bottom plate 11 through the third bolt 16 and the third nut 17. One end of the diagonal bracing structure is located at the corner of the bottom brace 14, and the other end of the diagonal bracing structure is located at the corner of the top support 25. Expansion bolts 12 are installed on the bottom plate 11 on both sides of the vertical part of the bottom brace 14.

[0030] In this embodiment, the bottom plate 11 is made of a square steel plate not less than 400×400×30, and 5 expansion bolt holes are reserved according to the set position. The expansion bolt 12 is of the M18×300 type, and the opening diameter is 22mm. The bottom support seat 13 is made of angle steel of model 20 with a thickness of 18mm. At the same time, 3 expansion bolt holes are reserved at one side setting position, and 2 bolt holes are reserved at the other side. The positions of the expansion bolt holes here are matched with the expansion bolt holes on the bottom plate 11. The bottom brace 14 is made of a 200×400 type T-shaped steel, and 2 bolt holes are reserved at the setting positions on both sides of the T-shaped steel for connecting with the bottom support seat 13. The third limit nut 15 is an expansion bolt nut, and the bottom plate 11 and the bottom support seat 13 are fixed to the stable rock wall by cooperating with the expansion bolt 12. In this embodiment, the third bolt 16 and the third nut 17 are M12×80 type bolts and nuts, with a total of 2 pieces. The bottom brace 14 and the bottom support seat 13 are fixed through the third bolt 16 and the third nut 17.

[0031] The bracket structure includes: bracket 21, positioning sill 23, top support seat 24, top brace 25, second bolt 26 and second nut 27. The bracket 21 is U-shaped. The positioning sills 23 are arranged in pairs within the bracket 21. The support plate 52 is fixed on the bracket 21 between the paired positioning sills 23. The connection part of the locking plate 53 and the bracket 21 is located outside the outer end of the outermost positioning sill 23. The end of the bracket 21 away from the locking plate 53 is fixed within the upper rock wall of the base structure. The top support seat 24 is fixed to the bottom of the bracket 21 through the second bolt 26 and the second nut 27. The top brace 25 is fixed to the top support seat 24 through the second bolt 26 and the second nut 27. The diagonal brace structure is connected to the top brace 25. The bracket 21 is fixed within the anchor pit 28 in the rock wall. Barbs 22 are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the part of the bracket 21 located inside the rock wall. The barbs 22 can effectively disperse the tensile force applied to the bracket 21, reduce local concentrated stress, and thus improve the tensile strength of the connection. Multiple groups of positioning sills 23 are provided within the bracket 21, and the distance between each pair of positioning sills 23 is the same.

[0032] In this embodiment, the bracket 21 uses a 400a(100)-type channel steel, and the length is determined according to the dangerous rock. The anchorage section is not less than 1m. At the same time, 4 bolt holes (more than 10cm away from the top) are reserved at the top (i.e., the outermost side) of the bracket 21 for installing the second nut 27 and the second bolt 26. 1 bolt hole is reserved on each of the two sides of the channel steel at +5cm of the anchorage section for connecting the tie rod structure. The barbs 22 use 32 steel bars, are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the channel steel in the anchorage section of the bracket 21, with a length not less than 15cm, and are welded to the channel steel, and are arranged at an interval of 20cm. The positioning sills 23 use 32 steel bars, with a length of 30mm, are welded and connected to the inside of the channel steel, are arranged in pairs, and the distance between a single pair of positioning sills 23 = the thickness of the support plate 52 + 5mm. The arrangement interval is the area between 50cm above the anchorage section and 50cm at the top of the bracket 21, and the interval is set at 50cm - 80cm. The top support seat 24 uses an angle steel of model 20 with a thickness of 18mm. At the same time, 4 bolt holes are reserved at one side for the connection between the top support seat 24 and the bracket 21; 2 bolt holes are reserved on the other side for the connection between the top brace 25 and the top support seat 24. The second bolt 26 and the second nut 27 use M12×80-type bolts and nuts, a total of 6 pieces. The top brace 25 support is fixed to the bracket 21 through 4 second bolts 26 and second nuts 27, and the top brace 25 is fixed to the top brace 25 support through 2 second bolts 26 and second nuts 27.

[0033] The diameter of the anchor pit 28 is not less than 50cm, and it is constructed using a water jet drill. The depth = the length of the anchorage section of the bracket 21 + 20cm, and the inclination angle is 10°. The bracket 21 system combined structure is placed in the middle of the anchor pit 28, and the anchor pit 28 is filled with concrete to ensure that its inclination angle is 10°.

[0034] The diagonal bracing structure includes: a brace 31, a limiting tube 32, a limiting plate 33, a second limiting nut 34, a fourth limiting nut 36, and a first screw joint 35. The braces 31 are arranged in pairs. The paired braces 31 are threadedly connected through the first screw joint 35. The non-threaded ends of the paired braces 31 are respectively located at the corners of the bottom brace 14 and the top brace 25. A fourth limiting nut 36 for locking the first screw joint 35 is provided at the connecting end of the brace 31 and the first screw joint 35. The brace 31 passes through the limiting tube 32. A second limiting nut 34 for locking the position of the limiting tube 32 is provided at the end of the brace 31 close to the first screw joint 35. A limiting plate 33 is provided between the limiting tube 32 and the second nut 27. The brace 31 passes through the limiting plate 33. It further includes a sliding tube 37. The connecting part of the brace 31 and the first screw joint 35 is located inside the sliding tube 37. The middle screw joint of the diagonal bracing system is reinforced through the sliding tube 37.

[0035] In this embodiment, the brace 31 is made of 32 steel bars. Each diagonal bracing structure consists of 4 braces 31. The length of a single bar = the length from the bottom brace 14 to the top brace 25 - 5 cm. A 30-cm thread is reserved at one end of each steel bar. At the same time, two steel bars are welded together with an 18-mm short steel bar. Finally, an upper and a lower pair of braces 31 are formed. The non-threaded ends of the braces 31 are respectively placed at the bottom brace 14 of the base system and the top brace 25 of the bracket system. The limiting tube 32 is a 100×50 mm rectangular tube with a wall thickness of 5 mm. Each diagonal bracing system includes an upper and a lower pair of limiting tubes 32. The length of a single tube = the length of the brace 31 - 40 cm. The limiting tube 32 passes through the brace 31.

[0036] The limiting plate 33 is a 110×60×10 steel plate. Two 35-mm holes are reserved on a single limiting plate 33 according to the installation position for the steel bars of the brace 31 to pass through. One limiting plate 33 is arranged above and below each diagonal bracing system and passes through from the threaded end of the brace 31.

[0037] The second limiting nut 34 and the fourth limiting nut 36 correspond to the reserved threads of the steel bars of the brace 31. A total of 4 second limiting nuts 34 and 4 second limiting nuts 34 are required for a single diagonal bracing system. The second limiting nut 34 and the 4 second limiting nuts 34 are the same, with 4 for both the upper and lower parts; 2 for each steel bar of a single brace 31. One is used to fix the limiting plate 33 and thus fix the limiting tube 32, and the other is used to lock the first screw joint 35 to prevent it from rotating.

[0038] The first screw joint 35 is a mechanical joint, corresponding to the reserved threads of the steel bars of the brace 31, with a length of 50 cm. Two first screw joints 35 are required for a single diagonal bracing structure to connect the upper and lower braces 31. The rotation of the first screw joint 35 can ensure that the braces 31 contract or expand simultaneously.

[0039] The sliding pipe 37 is a rectangular pipe with dimensions of 120×80 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm. Its length is 1.5 m. It is placed in the middle of the diagonal bracing structure and can slide along the limiting pipe 32 within a certain range. It is used to reinforce the spiral joint in the middle of the diagonal bracing structure, and at the same time, the tie rod 41 system is used to prevent the compression bar of the entire diagonal bracing structure from buckling.

[0040] The tie rod structure includes paired tie rods 41, positioning plates 42, fourth bolts 43, fourth nuts 44, and second spiral joints 45. The two ends of the second spiral joint 45 are respectively threadedly connected to the corresponding tie rods 41. The other end of one tie rod 41 is fixed to the positioning plate 42 through the fourth bolt 43 and the fourth nut 44. The positioning plate 42 is fixed to the sliding pipe 37 by welding. The other end of the other tie rod 41 is fixed to the corbel 21 through the fourth bolt 43 and the fourth nut 44. At the connection ends of the tie rod 41 and the second spiral joint 45, first limit nuts 46 for locking the second spiral joint 45 are provided.

[0041] The tie rod 41 is made of 32 steel bars. Each tie rod structure consists of 2 tie rods 41. The length of a single tie rod = the length from the reserved bolt hole in the anchorage section of the corbel 21 of the corbel 21 system to the middle of the diagonal bracing system - 5 cm. At one end of each steel bar, 30 cm of threads are reserved to form a pair of upper and lower tie rods 41. The non-threaded ends of the tie rods 41 are hammered flat to reserve bolt holes.

[0042] The positioning plate 42 is a 100×100×10 steel plate. Each single positioning plate 42 reserves bolt holes according to the installation position. A pair of positioning plates 42 are arranged for each tie rod structure and are welded to the middle position of the upper surface of the sliding pipe 37 of the diagonal bracing structure to connect with the tie rod 41 of the tie rod structure.

[0043] The fourth bolt 43 and the fourth nut 44 are M12×80 type bolts and nuts, with a total of 2. One fourth bolt 43 and the fourth nut 44 are used to connect the tie rod 41 and the sliding pipe 37 of the diagonal bracing structure through the hole of the positioning plate 42. The other fourth bolt 43 and the fourth nut 44 are used to connect the tie rod 41 and the corbel structure through the reserved bolt hole in the anchorage section of the corbel 21 of the corbel structure.

[0044] The second spiral joint 45 is a mechanical joint. The corresponding tie rod 41 steel bars reserve threads with a length of 50 cm, which is used to connect the upper and lower tie rods 41. The rotation of the second spiral joint 45 can ensure that the tie rods 41 contract or expand simultaneously, and then connect the diagonal bracing system and the corbel structure through the tie rod structure.

[0045] The first limit nut 46 corresponds to the reserved threads of the tie rod 41 steel bars. A total of 2 first limit nuts 46 are required, 1 for the upper and 1 for the lower. They are used to lock the second spiral joint 45 after it is in place to prevent it from rotating.

[0046] The top support structure includes: a top plate 51, a support plate 52, a locking plate 53, a tension rope 55, a force transmission pipe 54, a buckle 56, and an active mesh 57. The top plate 51 is used to support the top surface of the dangerous rock cavity, and the top plate 51 is U-shaped. One end of the support plate 52 is connected to the bracket structure, and the other end of the support plate 52 passes through the bottom of the top plate 51 and is connected to the top surface of the top plate 51. One end of the locking plate 53 is connected to the bracket structure, and the other end of the locking plate 53 is connected to the outermost end of the top plate 51. The tension rope 55 is located inside the top plate 51. One end of the tension rope 55 passes through the support plate 52 and the locking plate 53 and is fixed to the locking plate 53 by the buckle 56. The other end of the tension rope 55 is fixed to the innermost support plate 52 by the buckle 56. The tension rope passes through the force transmission pipe 54. The force transmission pipe 54 is located between the support plates 52 and is in close contact with the support plates 52.

[0047] In this embodiment, the top plate 51 of this embodiment adopts a 400a(100)-type channel steel, and the length is determined according to the dangerous rock. The top plate 51 directly acts on the top surface of the dangerous rock cavity. The active mesh 57 is located on the upper surface of the top plate 51 and is used to intercept the rock mass falling off the top surface of the dangerous rock cavity.

[0048] The support plate 52 is made of steel plate, and the thickness is determined according to the volume of the dangerous rock. The number of support plates 52 is determined according to the number of positioning thresholds 23 and needs to be more than 3. The length = the vertical length from the positioning threshold 23 to the top plate 51 + (2 - 5) cm. At the same time, a hole for the tension rope 55 is reserved at the middle 5 cm position of one end of the support plate 52. This end is connected to the top plate 51, and the other end is placed between the positioning thresholds 23 of the bracket structure.

[0049] The locking plate 53 is made of steel plate, and the thickness is increased by one level on the basis of the support plate 52. The length is the same as that of the second-longest support plate 52 and is placed on the outermost side. A hole for the tension rope 55 needs to be reserved at the middle 5 cm position of one end of the locking plate. This end is connected to the top plate 51, and the other end is placed at the outermost positioning threshold 23 of the bracket structure.

[0050] The force transmission pipe 54 is made of steel pipe. The diameter of the steel pipe is larger than the reserved hole at the top of the support plate 52. The tension rope 55 passes through the steel pipe. The steel pipe is placed between each support plate 52. The length of the steel pipe = the length between adjacent positioning thresholds 23 of the bracket 21 system.

[0051] The tension rope 55 is made of a steel wire rope with an outer hose. The length = the length of the channel steel of the top plate 51 + 1 m. One end of the tension rope 55 is fixed by the buckle 56. The other end passes through the support plate 52 and the force transmission pipe 54 in sequence, and finally passes through the locking plate 53. By applying tension to the tension rope 55 outside the locking plate 53, the support plate 52 is forced to act on the top support 25, thereby providing a support force for the dangerous rock. Then, the tension rope 55 is locked by the buckle 56 outside the locking plate 53.

[0052] In this solution, a single independent stress-bearing structure consists of 1 set of top support structure, 1 set of corbel structure, 2 sets of diagonal bracing structures, 2 sets of tie rod structures, and 2 sets of base structures, which are arranged in a triangular pattern. The corbel structure matches the forces between the diagonal bracing structure and the corbel structure by adjusting the screw joints on both sides of the diagonal bracing structure, and effectively restricts the diagonal bracing structure by adjusting the screw joints of the tie rod structure. Multiple stress-bearing structures are adjusted in sequence, and thus the entire combined support structure is completed. The combined support structure consists of no less than 2 independent stress-bearing structures, and finally presents a multiple M-shaped layout.

[0053] This solution also provides a construction method for the above support structure, specifically including:

[0054] (1) Conduct on-site measurement of the dangerous rock to be treated, determine the size and boundary of the dangerous rock through indoor data sorting, and determine the number of required combined support structures and the size of the reinforcement bars for each system according to the design plan.

[0055] (2) According to the dimensions provided by the design, prefabricate or cut each component of the combined support structure in the factory, and conduct anti-corrosion treatment, including the base structure, top support structure, corbel structure, diagonal bracing structure, and tie rod structure, and transport them to the construction site warehouse for standby.

[0056] (3) According to the design drawings, conduct on-site layout of the positions of the expansion bolts 12 of the base structure and the anchor pits 28 of the corbel 21 system on-site, and clean the surface layer.

[0057] (4) Drill holes for all expansion bolts of the base structure, and drill holes for all anchor pits 28 of the corbel structure with a water mill drill.

[0058] (5) Insert the expansion bolts 12 of the base structure into the holes, and install the bottom plate 11 and the bottom support seat 13 in sequence, and fix them through the cooperation of the third limit nut 15 and the expansion bolt 12.

[0059] (6) Fix the bottom brace 14 of the base system to the bottom support seat 13 through 2 third nuts 17 and the third bolt 16, and repeat steps (5) to (6) until all base structures are installed.

[0060] (7) Weld the barbs 22 to the anchorage section of the corbel 21, and weld the positioning sill 23 to the channel steel of the corbel 21 according to the design requirements.

[0061] (8) Install the top support seat 24 at the top of the corbel 21 through 4 second bolts 26 and second nuts 27, and fix the top support 25 to the top support seat 24 through 2 second bolts 26 and second nuts 27.

[0062] (9) Insert the components from step (7) to step (8) into the anchor pit 28, ensuring that the inclination angle is 10° (or the designed angle), and fill the anchor pit 28 with fine stone concrete until it reaches the strength requirement. At this point, the installation of the corbel structure is completed. Repeat steps (7) to (9) to complete the installation of all corbel structures.

[0063] (10) According to the design requirements, threads are reserved at one end of the steel bars of the four diagonal bracing structures 31, and 18 mm short steel bars are used to weld in parallel between every two steel bars of the bracing structures 31 to form a pair of bracing bars 31.

[0064] (11) Insert the two support rods 31 into the two limiting tubes 32 respectively, and install the limiting plates 33 at the threaded ends. Insert a second limiting nut 34 and a fourth limiting nut 36 into the threaded end of each support rod 31.

[0065] (12) Use the first spiral joints 35 (two pieces) to connect the two struts 31 through the threaded ends of the steel bars of the struts 31, and fully connect the first spiral joints 35.

[0066] (13) A pair of tie rod structure positioning plates 42 are welded in the middle of the long side of the sliding tube 37, leaving space for the tie rod 41, and the structure (12) is passed through the sliding tube 37. At this point, a single diagonal brace structure is completed. Repeat steps (10) to (13) to complete all diagonal brace structures.

[0067] (14) According to the design requirements, threads are reserved at one end of the two tie rods 41 of the tie rod structure, and the other end is hammered flat and bolt holes are reserved. A first limiter is inserted into the threaded end of each tie rod 41 steel bar, and then the two tie rods 41 are connected using a second spiral joint 45. The second spiral joint 45 is fully connected. At this point, the tie rod structure component is completed.

[0068] (15) Connect the bolt holes at one end of the tie rod structure with the positioning plate 42 on the sliding tube 37 of the diagonal bracing structure in step (13) through the fourth bolt 43 and the fourth nut 44, and then connect the entire structure with the bolt holes reserved on one side of the channel steel anchoring section of the corbel 21 system through the bolt holes at the other end of the tie rod structure using the fourth bolt 43 and the fourth nut 44. At the same time, by adjusting the spiral joints of the diagonal bracing structure and the tie rod structure, the two ends of the diagonal bracing structure are respectively placed into the bottom support 14 of the base structure on the same side and the top support 25 of the corbel structure. At the same time, adjust the limiting plate 33 of the diagonal bracing structure and the corresponding limiting nut so that the limiting tube 32 and the support rod 31 can be better stressed.

[0069] (16) Repeat step (15) to complete the installation of the diagonal bracing structure and the tie rod structure on the other side of the corbel structure.

[0070] (17) Fix one end of the tension rope 55 according to the design requirements using a buckle 56. Pass the other end through the reserved hole in the support plate 52 and the force transfer pipe 54 in sequence, and then place the other end of the support plate 52 between the corresponding positioning sills 23 of the corbel structure.

[0071] (18) Place the top plate 51 of the jacking structure on the upper part of the support plate 52, with the inner end closely attached to the rock mass. Lay the active mesh 57 on the upper part of the top plate 51. Place the locking plates 53 on the outer sides of the top plate 51 of the jacking structure and the corbel 21 of the corbel structure, with one side of the reserved hole facing upwards and passing through the tension rope 55.

[0072] (19) Use a jack to apply tension to the tension rope 55 on the outer side of the locking plate 53 to make it as upright as possible, so that the top plate 51 of the jacking structure closely adheres to the rock mass at the top of the rock cavity. At the same time, adjust the first screw joints 35 of the two side inclined support structures to coordinate the forces on the corbel structure and the inclined support structure to make it reach the best state.

[0073] (20) Lock the tension rope 55 on the outer side of the locking plate 53 using a buckle 56. At the same time, tighten the second limit nuts 34 and the fourth limit nuts 36 on both sides of the first screw joint 35 of the inclined support structure to ensure that the screw joint does not become loose.

[0074] (21) Adjust the second screw joint 45 of the tie rod 41 system to ensure that the tie rod 41 is in a straightened state. Tighten the first limit nuts 46 on both sides of the second screw joint 45 to ensure that the screw joint does not become loose.

[0075] (22) Repeat steps (7) to (21) until the entire combined support structure is assembled.

[0076] (23) The entire combined support structure is composed of no less than 2 independent stress-bearing structures, and finally presents a multiple M-shaped distribution.

[0077] In this solution, the jacking structure of the combined support structure directly acts on the top of the rock cavity, transfers the force to the corbel structure through the support plate 52. Most of the force is transformed into the uplift force of the corbel 21 and transferred to the mother rock. Part of the force is transferred to the base structure through the inclined support structure and transformed into the pressure of the base structure and transferred to the mother rock. Further, the tie rod structure well restricts the buckling deformation of the inclined support structure. This solution not only solves the problem of the foundation stability of the support structure, but also eliminates the problem of the spatial height of the support structure. At the same time, it can be quickly assembled, and also has the advantages of convenient construction, simple operation, strong adaptability, etc., and can be well applied to the dangerous rock treatment project.

[0078] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and common general technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solutions are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made. In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "coupling", "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The scope of protection required by this application should be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks, characterized in that: The invention comprises at least two supporting structures, and the supporting structure comprises: a base structure, a top supporting structure, a corbel structure, an oblique supporting structure and a tie rod structure. One end of the oblique supporting structure is fixed to the rock wall through the base structure, and the other end of the oblique supporting structure is connected to the outermost side of the corbel structure. The oblique supporting structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the corbel structure, and the other end of the corbel structure is located inside the rock wall. The top of the corbel structure is used to support the top supporting structure, and the top supporting structure is used to support the top surface of the dangerous rock cavity. One end of the tie rod structure is connected to the oblique supporting structure, and the other end of the tie rod structure is connected to the end of the corbel structure close to the rock wall. The base structure, the top supporting structure, the corbel structure, the oblique supporting structure and the tie rod structure are in a herringbone shape.

2. A steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top support structure includes: a top plate, a support plate, a locking plate, a tension rope, a force transmission tube, a buckle and an active net. The top plate is used to support the top surface of the dangerous rock cavity. The top plate is U-shaped, one end of the support plate is connected to the corbel structure, and the other end of the support plate passes through the bottom of the top plate and is connected to the top surface of the top plate. The active net is located on the upper surface of the top plate, one end of the locking plate is connected to the outermost side of the corbel structure, and the other end of the locking plate is connected to the outermost end of the top plate. The tension rope is located in the top plate, one end of the tension rope passes through the support plate and the locking plate and is fixed to the locking plate by a buckle, and the other end of the tension rope is fixed to the innermost support plate by a buckle, the tension rope passes through the force transmission tube, and the force transmission tube is located between the support plates and in close contact with the support plates.

3. A steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks according to claim 2, characterized in that: The corbel structure includes: a corbel, a positioning sill, a top support seat, a top support, a second bolt and a second nut. The corbel is U-shaped. The positioning sills are arranged in pairs in the corbel. The support plate is fixed to the corbel between the paired positioning sills. The connection between the locking plate and the corbel is located at the outer end of the outermost positioning sill. The corbel is fixed in the rock wall at the upper end of the base structure away from the locking plate end. The top support seat is fixed to the bottom of the corbel by the second bolt and the second nut. The top support is fixed to the top support seat by the second bolt and the second nut, and the diagonal support structure is connected to the top support.

4. The steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks according to claim 3, characterized in that: The corbel is fixed in an anchor pit in a rock wall, and barbs are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the inner end of the corbel located in the rock wall.

5. The steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of positioning thresholds are arranged in the corbel, and the spacing between each pair of positioning thresholds is the same.

6. The steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks according to claim 3, characterized in that: The base structure includes: a base plate, a bottom support seat, a bottom support, a third limiting nut, a third nut, a third bolt and an expansion bolt, wherein the expansion bolt fixes the base plate and the bottom support seat to the expansion bolt on the rock wall, the bottom support is T-shaped, and the bottom support is horizontally fixed to the upper surface of the bottom support seat by the third bolt and the third nut, one end of the oblique support structure is located at the bending corner of the bottom support, and the other end of the oblique support structure is located at the bending corner of the top support.

7. A steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks according to claim 6, characterized in that: Expansion bolts are installed on the bottom plates on both sides of the vertical portion of the bottom support.

8. The steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diagonal brace structure includes: a brace rod, a limiting tube, a limiting plate, a second limiting nut, a fourth limiting nut and a first spiral joint. The brace rods are arranged in pairs, and the paired brace rods are threadedly connected through the first spiral joint. The non-threaded ends of the paired brace rods are respectively located at the bending corners of the bottom brace and the bending corners of the top brace. The connecting ends of the brace rod and the first spiral joint are provided with a fourth limiting nut for locking the first spiral joint. The brace rod passes through the limiting tube, and the brace rod is provided with a second limiting nut for locking the position of the limiting tube near the end of the first spiral joint. A limiting plate is provided between the limiting tube and the second nut, and the brace rod passes through the limiting plate.

9. The steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a sliding tube, and the connecting part between the support rod and the first spiral joint is located in the sliding tube.

10. The steel structure combined support structure for falling or toppling dangerous rocks according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pull rod structure includes pull rods, positioning plates, fourth bolts, fourth nuts and second spiral joints arranged in pairs, and both ends of the second spiral joints are respectively threadedly connected to the corresponding pull rods. The other end of one of the pull rods is fixed to the positioning plate by a fourth bolt and a fourth nut, and the positioning plate is fixed to the sliding tube. The other end of the other pull rod is fixed to the corbel by a fourth bolt and a fourth nut. The connecting ends of the pull rod and the second spiral joint are both provided with a first limiting nut for locking the second spiral joint.

Images