Construction method of ventilation hole

Abstract

The invention discloses a ventilation hole construction method which comprises the following steps of S1, construction plan making, S2, construction position determining, S3, ventilation hole positioning, designing of the number, the position and the size of ventilation holes through rock stratum properties of the positions of the ventilation holes and marking on a tunneling working face, S4, roadway extension and S5, tunnel construction. And S5, drilling holes in the marked positions of the ventilation holes by using a tool, then putting a crushing agent into the drilled holes, carrying out rock presplitting, and finally, removing broken delayed time by using the tool, and S5, supporting the roadway. According to the construction method of the ventilation hole, on the basis of rock stratum data and roadway operation information, the ventilation hole is designed, the ventilation hole of the corresponding size is dug, an operation roadway is independently ventilated, fresh air is provided through a main air inlet roadway, generated return air and dust in the return air flow out through the ventilation hole, and the ventilation hole is formed in the working roadway. Therefore, the influence on other mining areas is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mineral mining, and particularly relates to a construction method for ventilation holes. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of a mine, it is necessary to set up main intake airways for inputting air to multiple mining areas, providing sufficient oxygen for workers to carry out production work.

[0003] In a traditional tunneling face, during the tunneling process, a mining device that conforms to the tunneling face is used for large-area excavation. In this way, because the excavation area is large, a large amount of dust will be raised. During the process of fresh air flowing into the roadway, there will also be air return, and the air return will drive the dust to move together, causing a large amount of dust to enter the main intake airway and escape to other mining areas, resulting in a deterioration of the working environment for workers and being unfavorable for the continuous progress of tunneling work. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method for ventilation holes to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A construction method for ventilation holes, the construction method includes the following steps:

[0006] S1, formulating a construction plan, by integrating contents such as the blind shaft size, support method, construction procedure, ventilation volume calculation, and safety precautions, to compile a construction plan for guiding construction;

[0007] S2, determining the construction location, and demarcating the construction location according to the actual requirements of the on-site mining area;

[0008] S3, positioning the ventilation holes, designing the number, position, and size of the ventilation holes respectively according to the rock formation properties at the ventilation hole positions, and marking them on the tunneling face;

[0009] S4, expanding the ventilation hole roadway, using tools to drill holes at the marked positions of the ventilation holes, then placing a fracturing agent into the holes for rock pre-cracking, and finally using tools to remove the fragmented rock;

[0010] S5, supporting the ventilation hole roadway, and carrying out segmented support on the inner wall of the ventilation hole roadway through equipment.

[0011] Preferably, the diameter of the blind shaft is measured by a laser rangefinder, and a GPS positioning device is used for precise positioning of the blind shaft position, so as to obtain the position and size information of the roadway blind shaft.

[0012] Preferably, the blind shaft is used as a ventilation passage for the roadway, and the ventilation volume calculation is used to calculate the ventilation volume of the heading face.

[0013] Preferably, the calculation method of the ventilation volume is as follows:

[0014] In the first step, calculate the ventilation volume required by the labor force, expressed as:

[0015] Q 人 = V × N (1);

[0016] Wherein, Q 人 is the ventilation volume required by all workers, V is the ventilation volume required by each worker during construction, and N is the number of workers required for the operation;

[0017] In the second step, measure the gas volume generated by the equipment. Through the measurement settings, measure the total amount of all harmful gases generated by the tools used during the operation during the operation, expressed as:

[0018] Q 机 = Q 1 + Q 2 … + Q n (2);

[0019] Wherein, Q 机 is the total amount of harmful gases generated by all mechanical equipment, Q 1 is the amount of harmful gases generated by the first piece of equipment used, Q 2 is the amount of harmful gases generated by the second piece of equipment used, Q n is the amount of harmful gases generated by the nth piece of equipment used;

[0020] In the third step, calculate the total ventilation volume, expressed as:

[0021] Q 总 = Q 人 + Q 机 (3).

[0022] Preferably, the specific operation steps for determining the construction location include the following steps:

[0023] S201. Locate the construction location. The staff holds a GPS positioning device and moves. After reaching the construction location, use GPS for positioning and record the location information;

[0024] S202. Delimit the construction scope. According to the construction requirements, plan the construction surface required for the heading face, and then use a tool with a marking function to mark the boundary of the construction scope.

[0025] Preferably, the specific operation steps for locating the ventilation holes include the following steps:

[0026] S301, Exploration of rock strata, explore the rock strata of the tunneling face, understand the properties of the corresponding rock strata, and plan the number of ventilation holes, the spacing between ventilation holes, and the positions of ventilation holes;

[0027] S302, Drilling of ventilation holes, drill holes using drilling equipment according to the planned positions of ventilation holes to drill the construction area into a honeycomb shape.

[0028] Preferably, the specific operation steps for roadway expansion include the following steps;

[0029] S401, Calculate the dosage of the blasting agent, calculate the dosage of the blasting agent based on the number of drill holes, depth, fragmentation area, and drill hole diameter;

[0030] S402, Pre-crack the construction area, inject the blasting agent into the drill holes to pre-crack the rock in the construction area in advance;

[0031] S403, Remove the rock, use construction tools to remove the rock in the ventilation holes until the size reaches the construction design size.

[0032] Preferably, the calculation method for the dosage of the blasting agent is as follows:

[0033] A1, Calculate the fragmentation area, expressed as:

[0034] S = π×r 2 (4);

[0035] Wherein, S is the fragmentation circle area, and r is the circle radius;

[0036] A2, Determine the drilling parameters, determine the drilling depth L and the drill hole diameter d according to the length of the drill bit of the drilling equipment used, and measure the spacing D between drill holes and the row spacing R between drill holes at the same time;

[0037] A3, Calculate the drill hole volume, expressed as:

[0038]

[0039] Wherein, V is the volume of each drill hole, d is the drill hole diameter, and L is the drilling depth;

[0040] A4, Calculate the total drill hole volume, expressed as:

[0041] V 总 = n×V (6);

[0042] Wherein, V 总 is the total drill hole volume, n is the total number of drill holes, and V is the volume of a single drill hole;

[0043] A5. Calculate the dosage of the expansive agent, expressed as:

[0044] M = V 总 ×ρ (7);

[0045] where M is the total dosage of the expansive agent, V 总 is the total volume of the drill holes, and ρ is the density of the expansive agent.

[0046] Preferably, the specific operation steps of the roadway support include the following steps:

[0047] S501. Manufacture the support net and make multiple wire mesh cages;

[0048] S502. Place the support net. After the roadway is expanded, place the support net into the roadway;

[0049] S503. Fix the support net. After the support net is placed, use bolts to fix and install the support net;

[0050] S504. Carry out cyclic operation of the support net. After each section is grooved, place the support net and repeat the installation construction of the support net in sequence.

[0051] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0052] The present invention provides a construction method for ventilation holes. Based on the rock formation data and roadway operation information, the ventilation holes are designed, and then the ventilation holes of corresponding sizes are dug. The working roadway can be ventilated independently. Fresh air is provided by the main intake roadway, and the generated return air and dust in the return air flow out through the ventilation holes and will not flow back to the main working roadway, thereby reducing the impact on other mining areas. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0053] Figure 1 is a schematic operation framework diagram of the construction method of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0054] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0055] The present invention provides a construction method for ventilation holes as Figure 1 shown, and the construction method includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. Construction plan formulation: A construction plan is compiled by integrating such contents as the blind shaft size, support method, construction procedure, ventilation volume calculation, and safety precautions to guide the construction method.

[0057] S2. Construction location determination: The construction location is delimited according to the actual requirements of the on-site mining area.

[0058] S3. Ventilation hole positioning: The number, location, and size of the ventilation holes are designed based on the rock formation properties at the ventilation hole locations and marked on the driving face.

[0059] S4. Ventilation hole roadway expansion: Drill holes at the marked positions of the ventilation holes using tools, then place the fracturing agent into the drill holes for rock pre-splitting, and finally use tools to remove the fragmented rock.

[0060] S5. Ventilation hole roadway support: The inner wall of the ventilation hole roadway is supported in sections by equipment.

[0061] The diameter of the blind shaft is measured by a laser rangefinder, and the precise position of the blind shaft is located using a GPS positioning device to obtain the position and size information of the roadway blind shaft.

[0062] The blind shaft is used as the ventilation passage for the roadway, and the ventilation volume calculation is used to calculate the ventilation volume of the driving face.

[0063] The calculation method of the ventilation volume is as follows:

[0064] The first step is to calculate the ventilation volume required for manual labor, expressed as:

[0065] Q 人 = V × N (1);

[0066] Where Q 人 is the ventilation volume required for all workers, V is the ventilation volume required for each worker during construction, and N is the number of workers required for the operation.

[0067] The second step is to measure the gas volume generated by the equipment. Through measurement settings, measure the total amount of all harmful gases generated by the tools used during the operation, expressed as:

[0068] Q 机 = Q 1 + Q 2 …+ Q n (2);

[0069] Where Q 机 is the total amount of harmful gases generated by all mechanical equipment, Q 1 is the amount of harmful gases generated by the first piece of equipment used, Q 2Harmful gas volume Q generated by the equipment for the second pregnancy n Harmful gas volume generated by the nth piece of equipment in use;

[0070] In the third step, calculate the total ventilation volume, expressed as:

[0071] Q 总 = Q 人 + Q 机 (3).

[0072] The specific operation steps for determining the construction location include the following steps:

[0073] S201. Locate the construction location. The staff member holds a GPS positioning device and moves. After reaching the construction location, use GPS for positioning and record the location information;

[0074] Furthermore, the construction location is fixed-point designed according to the driving roadway. According to the size of the ventilation volume requirement, determine the number and location of the ventilation holes, so as to facilitate accurate construction during the excavation of the ventilation holes;

[0075] S202. Delimit the construction scope. According to the construction requirements, plan the construction surface required for the driving face, and then use a tool with a marking function to mark the boundary of the construction scope.

[0076] Furthermore, the tool with a marking function can be used to spray and mark with a brightly colored aerosol can. The color has a strong contrast with the color of the rock formation, which is conducive to the staff quickly identifying during construction.

[0077] The specific operation steps for ventilating hole positioning include the following steps:

[0078] S301. Survey the rock formation. Survey the rock formation of the driving face, understand the corresponding rock formation properties, and plan the number of ventilation holes, the spacing between ventilation holes, and the location of ventilation holes;

[0079] S302. Open the ventilation holes. According to the planned ventilation hole locations, use drilling equipment to drill holes and drill the construction area into a honeycomb shape.

[0080] Furthermore, before opening the ventilation holes, design the number, location, and spacing between each ventilation hole required for the roadway respectively, so as to avoid the risk of collapse between the ventilation hole channels due to the too-close distance between ventilation holes. When excavating the ventilation holes, the first step is to drill holes first. Multiple holes are distributed in a honeycomb shape, which is convenient for the better exertion of the breaking agent injected into the holes. The drilling is positioned with a 127-bit drill, and then the hole is reamed with a 600-bit drill to facilitate the placement of the breaking agent.

[0081] The specific operation steps for roadway expansion include the following steps;

[0082] S401, Calculate the dosage of the rock breaker. Calculate the dosage of the rock breaker based on the number of drill holes, depth, broken area, and drill hole diameter;

[0083] S402, Pre-crack the construction area. Inject the rock breaker into the drill holes to pre-crack the rock in the construction area in advance;

[0084] S403, Remove the rock. Use construction tools to remove the rock in the ventilation holes until the size reaches the construction design size.

[0085] Furthermore, use a pneumatic leg rock drill to inject the existing high-efficiency silent rock breaker into the drill holes for pre-cracking the rock formation, making the rock formation excavation work more convenient. At the same time, the breaking effect of the rock breaker on the rock formation can greatly reduce the dust generated during the rock breaking operation. After the pre-cracking is completed, use a pickaxe to remove the excess stones on the inner wall of the ventilation hole to make the diameter of the ventilation hole reach the design size.

[0086] The calculation method for the dosage of the rock breaker is as follows:

[0087] A1, Calculate the broken area, expressed as:

[0088] S = π × r 2 (4);

[0089] Among them, S is the broken circle area, and r is the circle radius;

[0090] A2, Determine the drill hole parameters. Determine the drill hole depth L and drill hole diameter d according to the length of the drill bit of the drill hole equipment used, and at the same time measure the spacing D between the drill holes and the row spacing R between the drill holes;

[0091] A3, Calculate the drill hole volume, expressed as:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, V is the volume of each drill hole, d is the drill hole diameter, and L is the drill hole depth;

[0094] A4, Calculate the total drill hole volume, expressed as:

[0095] V 总 = n × V (6);

[0096] Among them, V 总 is the total drill hole volume, n is the total number of drill holes, and V is the volume of a single drill hole;

[0097] A5, Calculate the usage amount of the rock breaker, expressed as:

[0098] M = V 总×ρ (7);

[0099] Wherein, M is the total amount of the bursting agent used, V 总 is the total volume of the drill holes, and ρ is the density of the bursting agent.

[0100] The specific operation steps of the roadway support include the following steps:

[0101] S501, manufacture the support net and manufacture multiple wire mesh cages;

[0102] S502, place the support net. After the roadway is expanded, place the support net into the roadway;

[0103] S503, fix the support net. After the support net is placed, use anchor bolts to fixedly install the support net;

[0104] S504, perform cyclic operation of the support net. After each section is grooved, place the support net and sequentially repeat the installation construction of the support net in a cycle.

[0105] Furthermore, during the construction of the ventilation holes, in order to construct step by step and section by section, corresponding support needs to be carried out after each section of construction, so as to protect the ventilation holes. Support is carried out once every 1.2 m of construction of the ventilation holes. The support uses a circular tubular steel bar anchor net to fit with the inner wall of the ventilation hole, and then multiple anchor bolts are arranged on the plane of the steel bar anchor net to fixedly install the anchor net with the inner wall of the ventilation hole. Then, between adjacent anchor nets, they are tied and connected by steel wires, so that the entire anchor net inside the ventilation hole forms an integral body.

[0106] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a ventilation hole, characterized in that: The construction method comprises the following steps: S1, construction plan formulation, through the blind shaft size, support method, construction procedure, ventilation volume calculation and safety precautions, etc., to integrate the construction plan and guide the construction method; S2, construction location determination, demarcation of the construction location based on the actual needs of the on-site mining area; S3, ventilation hole positioning, according to the rock formation properties of the ventilation hole location, the number, location and size of the ventilation holes are designed respectively, and marked on the excavation working face; S4, ventilation eye tunnel expansion, use tools to drill holes at the ventilation eye marks, then place crushers into the holes to pre-crack the rocks, and finally use tools to remove the crushed delay; S5, ventilation eye tunnel support, uses equipment to provide segmented support for the inner wall of the ventilation eye tunnel.

2. A method for constructing a ventilation hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the blind well is measured by a laser rangefinder, and the position of the blind well is accurately located using a GPS positioning device, thereby obtaining the position and size information of the blind well in the tunnel.

3. A method for constructing a ventilation hole according to claim 2, characterized in that: The blind well is used as a ventilation channel for the tunnel, and the ventilation volume calculation is used to calculate the ventilation volume of the excavation working face.

4. A method for constructing a ventilation hole according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ventilation rate is calculated as follows: The first step is to calculate the artificial ventilation demand, expressed as: Q 人 =V×N (1); Among them, Q 人 is the ventilation volume required by all workers, V is the ventilation volume required by each worker under construction conditions, and N is the number of workers required for the operation; The second step is to measure the amount of gas generated by the equipment. Through the measurement settings, the total amount of all harmful gases generated by the tools used during the operation is measured, expressed as: Q 机 =Q1+Q2…+Q n (2); Among them, Q 机 is the total amount of harmful gases generated by all mechanical equipment, Q1 is the amount of harmful gases generated by the first equipment in use, Q2 is the amount of harmful gases generated by the second equipment in use, and Q n The amount of harmful gas produced for the nth device used; The third step is to calculate the overall ventilation volume, expressed as: Q 总 =Q 人 +Q 机 (3)。 5. The method for constructing a ventilation hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation steps for determining the construction location include the following steps: S201, positioning the construction location, the worker moves with a handheld GPS positioning device, moves to the construction location, and then locates the location through GPS and records the location information; S202, delineating the construction scope, planning the construction surface required for the excavation working face according to the construction requirements, and marking the boundary of the construction scope by using a tool with a marking function.

6. The method for constructing a ventilation hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation steps of the ventilation eye positioning include the following steps: S301, rock formation survey, survey the rock formation of the excavation working face, understand the corresponding rock formation properties, and plan the number of ventilation holes, the spacing between ventilation holes, and the location of ventilation holes; S302, ventilation holes are opened. According to the planned ventilation hole locations, drilling equipment is used to drill holes and the construction area is drilled into a honeycomb shape.

7. The method for constructing a ventilation hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation steps of the lane expansion include the following steps: S401, calculating the amount of crushing agent, and calculating the amount of crushing agent according to the number of drill holes, depth, crushing area and drill hole diameter; S402, pre-cracking the construction area, injecting a crushing agent into the borehole to pre-cracking the rock in the construction area in advance; S403, rock removal, use construction tools to remove the rocks in the ventilation hole until the size reaches the construction design size.

8. A method for constructing a ventilation hole according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation method of the amount of the crushing agent is: A1, calculate the crushing area, expressed as: S＝π×r 2 (4)； Among them, S is the area of ​​the broken circle, and r is the radius of the circle; A2, determine the drilling parameters, determine the drilling depth L and the drilling diameter d according to the length of the drill bit of the drilling equipment, and measure the spacing D between the holes and the row spacing R between the holes; A3, calculate the borehole volume, expressed as: Where V is the volume of each borehole, d is the borehole diameter, and L is the borehole depth; A4, calculate the total borehole volume, expressed as: In 总 =n×V (6); Among them, V 总 is the total borehole volume, n is the total number of boreholes, and V is the volume of a single borehole; A5, calculate the amount of crushing agent used, expressed as: M=V 总 ×ρ (7); Where M is the total amount of crushing agent used, V 总 is the total volume of the borehole, and ρ is the density of the breaker.

9. The method for constructing a ventilation hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation steps of the tunnel support include the following steps: S501, making a support net and making multiple sections of wire mesh cages; S502, placing the support net. After the tunnel is expanded, the support net is placed in the tunnel; S503, fixing the support net. After the support net is placed, anchor rods are used to fix and install the support net. S504, the support net is operated in a cycle. After each section is slotted, the support net is placed in place, and the installation and construction of the support net is repeated in a cycle.

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