A control system and method for preheating device used for gangue roasting

Abstract

The present invention provides a control system and method for a preheating device for gangue roasting, belonging to the field of control design technology. The control system includes: a demand module for obtaining the characteristics of the gangue and determining the preheating heat requirement; a selection module for selecting the type and parameters of the preheating device based on the preheating heat requirement and installing the preheating device; an indicator module for formulating the gangue roasting index based on the characteristics of the gangue and the purpose of the preheating device; a heat load module for starting the preheating device and determining whether the heat load meets the preset standard based on the roasting index; and an adjustment module for adjusting the control parameters of the preheating device based on the determination result of the heat load of the preheating device. The control system improves roasting efficiency, optimizes the preheating process, reduces energy consumption, and ensures stable gangue quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of control optimization, and in particular to a control system and method for a preheating device used for gangue roasting. Background Art

[0002] Currently, gangue, a waste product generated during coal mining, contains numerous harmful components and, if left untreated, can pollute the environment. With the strengthening of environmental protection policies, the resource utilization of gangue has become increasingly important. Roasting, a commonly used process in gangue treatment, converts harmful components into harmless substances and provides favorable conditions for subsequent processing or utilization. However, traditional gangue roasting processes often suffer from high energy consumption and low efficiency, particularly during the preheating phase.

[0003] By controlling the preheating stage, the volatile matter in the coal gangue is extracted, and in the roasting stage, the temperature is controlled by an external heat source to achieve precise temperature control and realize the crystal transformation at a specific temperature. Because volatile matter is easy to burn, if it participates in the roasting stage, it will cause local high temperature and lead to inaccurate temperature control and poor crystal transformation effect.

[0004] During the roasting stage, since there is no volatile matter in the gangue to participate in the combustion, an external heat source is used for heating, and the roasting temperature of the gangue is easier to control. The temperature in the roasting stage is controlled at 900-1200 degrees. The transformation of kaolinite in the gangue to mullite will discharge a large amount of amorphous silicon dioxide. This part of silicon is easy to remove in the subsequent desiliconization, which is beneficial to increase the aluminum-silicon ratio; if the temperature is not accurate, the amorphous silicon discharged at too high a temperature will combine with the free alumina to form mullite. If mullite is generated, silicon is difficult to remove and the aluminum-silicon ratio is not easy to increase. Therefore, inaccurate temperature control can easily lead to energy waste and unstable treatment effects.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention proposes a control system and method for a preheating device for gangue roasting. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a control system and method for a preheating device for gangue roasting, which is used to analyze the characteristics of the gangue, determine the preheating heat requirement, select and install a suitable preheating device, formulate roasting indicators, monitor the heat load and adjust the control parameters based on feedback, so as to realize an efficient and energy-saving gangue roasting process, improve production efficiency and environmental protection effects.

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides a control system for a preheating device for gangue roasting, comprising:

[0008] Demand module: obtains the characteristics of coal gangue and determines the preheating heat demand;

[0009] Selection module: select the preheating device type and parameters based on the preheating heat requirement, and install the preheating device;

[0010] Index module: formulate the roasting index of gangue based on the characteristics of gangue and the purpose of preheating device;

[0011] Heat load module: Start the preheating device and determine whether the heat load meets the preset standard based on the roasting index;

[0012] Adjustment module: adjusts the control parameters of the preheating device according to the judgment result of the heat load of the preheating device.

[0013] On the other hand, the demand module includes:

[0014] Chemical analysis unit: Use sample gangue as test material and obtain the chemical characteristics of gangue through chemical analysis method;

[0015] Physical unit: obtain the first physical properties of coal gangue through physical analysis method, and obtain the physical properties of coal gangue in combination with the standard parameters of coal gangue;

[0016] The chemical properties and the physical properties of coal gangue constitute the properties of coal gangue.

[0017] On the other hand, the demand module further includes:

[0018] Preheating heat requirement unit: Based on the physical properties of coal gangue, the particle size and thickness of coal gangue are determined. Combined with the chemical properties of coal gangue, the preheating heat requirement of coal gangue is obtained as follows:

[0019] ;in, Indicates the preheating heat requirement of coal gangue, represents the preheating mass flow rate, represents the specific heat capacity of coal gangue, Indicates the preset preheating temperature change, represents the activation energy of coal gangue, It represents the preheating gas constant of coal gangue, which is related to the particle size and thickness of coal gangue;

[0020] The preheating heat requirement of coal gangue is the basic roasting preheating heat requirement of the preheating device.

[0021] On the other hand, the selection module includes:

[0022] Type selection unit: Based on the preheating heat requirement and system design, a preheating cylinder is selected as the preheating device. The preheating cylinder uniformly heats the gangue through heating elements, and then monitors the temperature in the preheating cylinder to heat the gangue to complete the preheating.

[0023] Installation configuration unit: Install the preheating device according to the preset standard installation parameters, and test the preheating device to check whether the performance parameters of the preheating device meet the standard requirements.

[0024] On the other hand, the indicator module includes:

[0025] Index unit: Generates the preheating process for roasting based on the characteristics of coal gangue and preheating heat requirements, and determines the standard preheating values ​​for all roasting parameters in combination with the purpose of the preheating device;

[0026] The roasting parameters and their standard preheat values ​​generate the roasting index of the coal gangue.

[0027] On the other hand, the heat load module includes:

[0028] Start-up unit: according to the preheating process of roasting, start the preheating device and obtain the original data of roasting parameters based on the sensing equipment of the preheating device;

[0029] Standardization unit: clean the original data of roasting parameters and then standardize them according to standard units to obtain the standard data of roasting parameters;

[0030] Heat load unit: According to the standard data of roasting parameters, the roasting heat load at any preheating moment is obtained as follows:

[0031] ;in, represents the heat load at time t, represents the mass flow rate of coal gangue, represents the specific heat capacity of coal gangue, represents the temperature change at time t, represents the initial moisture content of coal gangue, represents the latent heat of vaporization at time t, represents the initial volatile matter content of coal gangue, represents the mass flow rate of phase change material in coal gangue at time t, Indicates the preset heat of phase change of coal gangue;

[0032] If the absolute value deviation between the heat load at any moment and the heat load standard value of the preheating device is greater than the standard threshold, it is determined that the heat load does not meet the standard; otherwise, preheating continues.

[0033] On the other hand, the adjustment module includes:

[0034] Control model unit: Based on the standard preheating values ​​of all roasting parameters and the preheating heat requirement of coal gangue as constraints, the control model is input based on the preset control parameters;

[0035] Adjustment unit: If the heat load is less than the heat load standard value, it indicates that the heating is insufficient; if the heat load is greater than the heat load standard value, it indicates that the heat output is excessive; the difference between the heat load and the heat load standard value of the preheating device is input into the control model, and a first control result is output;

[0036] Adjust the preset control parameters according to the fitting deviation between the constraint condition and the first control result, and iterate until the fitting deviation between the constraint condition and the control result approaches 0;

[0037] The control parameters are optimal control parameters. The temperature control parameters and airflow control parameters of the preheating device are obtained based on the optimal control parameters, and the equipment of the preheating device is adjusted.

[0038] On the other hand, a preheating method for coal gangue roasting is used to execute the preheating process of any of the control systems of the preheating device for coal gangue roasting, comprising:

[0039] Step 1: Obtain the characteristics of coal gangue and determine the preheating heat requirement;

[0040] Step 2: Select the type and parameters of the preheating device based on the preheating heat requirement, and install the preheating device;

[0041] Step 3: Based on the characteristics of the gangue and the purpose of the preheating device, formulate the roasting index of the gangue;

[0042] Step 4: Start the preheating device and determine whether the heat load meets the preset standard based on the roasting index;

[0043] Step 5: Adjust the control parameters of the preheating device according to the judgment result of the heat load of the preheating device.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] The present invention provides a control system and method for a preheating device for gangue roasting, which is used to analyze the characteristics of the gangue, determine the preheating heat requirement, select and install a suitable preheating device, formulate roasting indicators, monitor the heat load and adjust the control parameters based on feedback, so as to realize an efficient and energy-saving gangue roasting process, improve production efficiency and environmental protection effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0047] Figure 1This is a structural diagram of a control system for a preheating device for gangue roasting provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preheating method for gangue roasting provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is the structural diagram of the preheating device based on the preheating cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1:

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control system for a preheating device for gangue roasting, comprising:

[0053] Demand module: obtains the characteristics of coal gangue and determines the preheating heat demand;

[0054] Selection module: select the preheating device type and parameters based on the preheating heat requirement, and install the preheating device;

[0055] Index module: formulate the roasting index of gangue based on the characteristics of gangue and the purpose of preheating device;

[0056] Heat load module: Start the preheating device and determine whether the heat load meets the preset standard based on the roasting index;

[0057] Adjustment module: adjusts the control parameters of the preheating device according to the judgment result of the heat load of the preheating device.

[0058] In this embodiment, the characteristics include: composition, moisture, volatile matter, calorific value, particle size, etc.

[0059] In this embodiment, the preheating heat requirement refers to the condition for ensuring that the gangue achieves an ideal treatment effect during the gangue roasting process.

[0060] In this embodiment, the type of preheating device is selected based on the gangue preheating heat requirement, the characteristics of the gangue and the required heat load, including: rotary kiln, fluidized bed, multi-stage preheating furnace, etc.

[0061] In this embodiment, parameters refer to key technical parameters that need to be considered and adjusted when designing, selecting, operating and adjusting the preheating device, such as temperature, pressure, gas flow rate, mass flow rate, etc.

[0062] In this embodiment, the preheating device is a device used to heat the raw materials during the roasting process. By providing heat, the raw materials are heated to a required temperature, thereby preparing for the subsequent roasting or chemical reaction process.

[0063] In this embodiment, the roasting index refers to the operating parameters used to measure and control the preheating and roasting effects of the gangue during the gangue roasting process, including temperature, time, gas, heat load, etc.

[0064] In this embodiment, the heat load refers to the heat energy required to be provided by the preheating device during the roasting process.

[0065] In this embodiment, the judgment result is a conclusion obtained by evaluating the operating status of the preheating device and the roasting index in the heat load module.

[0066] In this embodiment, the control parameters are key variables used to adjust and optimize the operation of the preheating device during the roasting preheating process, such as temperature control, gas flow control, etc.

[0067] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by analyzing the characteristics of coal gangue, rationally selecting preheating equipment and formulating roasting indicators, real-time monitoring of heat load and adjusting control parameters according to actual conditions, an efficient and energy-saving roasting preheating process can be achieved, the resource utilization effect of coal gangue can be improved, and energy consumption and environmental pollution can be reduced.

[0068] Example 2:

[0069] Based on the above embodiment 1, the demand module includes:

[0070] Chemical analysis unit: Use sample gangue as test material and obtain the chemical characteristics of gangue through chemical analysis method;

[0071] Physical unit: obtain the first physical properties of coal gangue through physical analysis method, and obtain the physical properties of coal gangue in combination with the standard parameters of coal gangue;

[0072] The chemical properties and the physical properties of coal gangue constitute the properties of coal gangue.

[0073] In this embodiment, the sample gangue refers to a gangue sample collected from a coal mine or a coal processing process, which is used as an object of research and analysis.

[0074] In this embodiment, the chemical properties refer to the properties of the chemical components and elements contained in the coal gangue, including: pH, element content, mineral composition, etc.

[0075] In this embodiment, the physical properties refer to the physical performance and attributes of the gangue, including particle size distribution, specific gravity and density, moisture content, etc.

[0076] In this embodiment, standard parameters refer to regulations and standards formulated by the state or relevant standard organizations regarding the quality, performance, testing methods, etc. of materials such as coal gangue.

[0077] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: testing the chemical and physical properties of coal gangue through chemical and physical analysis, combining standard parameters to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics of coal gangue, providing accurate data support for the optimization of roasting preheating process, and helping to improve treatment effects and resource utilization efficiency.

[0078] Example 3:

[0079] Based on the above embodiment 1, the demand module further includes:

[0080] Preheating heat requirement unit: Based on the physical properties of coal gangue, the particle size and thickness of coal gangue are determined. Combined with the chemical properties of coal gangue, the preheating heat requirement of coal gangue is obtained as follows:

[0081] ;in, Indicates the preheating heat requirement of coal gangue, represents the preheating mass flow rate, represents the specific heat capacity of coal gangue, Indicates the preset preheating temperature change, represents the activation energy of coal gangue, It represents the preheating gas constant of coal gangue, which is related to the particle size and thickness of coal gangue;

[0082] The preheating heat requirement of coal gangue is the basic roasting preheating heat requirement of the preheating device.

[0083] In this embodiment, the preheating heat requirement refers to the heat required to heat the gangue to a preset preheating temperature during the roasting process.

[0084] In this embodiment, the preheating mass flow rate refers to the mass flow rate of coal gangue per unit time during the roasting preheating process.

[0085] In this embodiment, the specific heat capacity is the amount of heat that a substance needs to absorb to increase its temperature by 1 degree per unit mass.

[0086] The working principle and beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows: By combining the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue, its preheating heat requirement is determined, providing a scientific basis for the roasting preheating process. Based on factors such as the gangue's particle size, thickness, and activation energy, the required heat is accurately calculated, optimizing the preheating device design and improving energy efficiency and treatment results.

[0087] Example 4:

[0088] Based on the above embodiment 1, the selection module includes:

[0089] Type selection unit: Based on the preheating heat requirement and system design, a preheating cylinder is selected as the preheating device. The preheating cylinder uniformly heats the gangue through heating elements, and then monitors the temperature in the preheating cylinder to heat the gangue to complete the preheating.

[0090] Installation configuration unit: Install the preheating device according to the preset standard installation parameters, and test the preheating device to check whether the performance parameters of the preheating device meet the standard requirements.

[0091] In this embodiment, the structure diagram of the preheating device based on the preheating cylinder is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0092] In this embodiment, system design refers to a series of activities in the engineering field, such as system planning, solution formulation, component selection, layout design, process optimization, etc., based on specific functional requirements, technical standards, economic conditions, and operating environment.

[0093] In this embodiment, the preheating cylinder is a device for heating materials, which is commonly used in industrial processes, especially in situations where the materials need to be uniformly heated and the temperature controlled.

[0094] In this embodiment, the heating element refers to a device for converting electrical energy or other energy into thermal energy.

[0095] In this embodiment, the preset standard installation parameters refer to a series of standardized parameters for the equipment installation and commissioning process formulated according to design requirements and technical specifications when installing the preheating device, such as: installation position parameters, temperature control parameters, heating element parameters, etc.

[0096] In this embodiment, the performance parameters refer to a series of technical indicators used to measure the working effect of the preheating cylinder and whether it meets the design requirements during the installation, debugging and operation process, such as heating power, temperature control response time, etc.

[0097] In this embodiment, the standard requires

[0098] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: by selecting a preheating cylinder as the heating device, the heating element uniformly heats the gangue, and the temperature is monitored to ensure effective preheating. During installation and testing, the preheating device's performance is ensured to meet standard requirements, optimizing heating efficiency and system stability, and improving the gangue preheating effect.

[0099] Example 5:

[0100] Based on the above embodiment 1, the indicator module includes:

[0101] Index unit: Generates the preheating process for roasting based on the characteristics of coal gangue and preheating heat requirements, and determines the standard preheating values ​​for all roasting parameters in combination with the purpose of the preheating device;

[0102] The roasting parameters and their standard preheat values ​​generate the roasting index of the coal gangue.

[0103] In this embodiment, the preheating process includes: feeding, preliminary heating, temperature increase, and completion of preheating.

[0104] In this embodiment, the standard preheating value refers to the ideal values ​​of temperature, time and other relevant parameters required to ensure that the gangue can be effectively roasted during the roasting process of coal gangue, based on the characteristics of the coal gangue and the design requirements of the preheating device, such as: preheating temperature, preheating time, heating rate, etc.

[0105] In this embodiment, the roasting parameters refer to various parameters that need to be monitored during the gangue roasting process, including temperature, pressure, gas flow rate, etc.

[0106] The working principle and beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows: By combining the characteristics of coal gangue and the preheating heat requirements, a standard preheating value is established, setting reasonable parameters for the roasting process. The resulting roasting index provides scientific guidance for the process, ensuring the efficiency of the preheating process and the high-quality roasting of coal gangue, thereby improving resource utilization.

[0107] Example 6:

[0108] Based on the above embodiment 5, the heat load module includes:

[0109] Start-up unit: according to the preheating process of roasting, start the preheating device and obtain the original data of roasting parameters based on the sensing equipment of the preheating device;

[0110] Standardization unit: clean the original data of roasting parameters and then standardize them according to standard units to obtain the standard data of roasting parameters;

[0111] Heat load unit: According to the standard data of roasting parameters, the roasting heat load at any preheating moment is obtained as follows:

[0112] ;in, represents the heat load at time t, represents the mass flow rate of coal gangue, represents the specific heat capacity of coal gangue, represents the temperature change at time t, represents the initial moisture content of coal gangue, represents the latent heat of vaporization at time t, represents the initial volatile matter content of coal gangue, represents the mass flow rate of phase change material in coal gangue at time t, Indicates the preset heat of phase change of coal gangue;

[0113] If the absolute value deviation between the heat load at any moment and the heat load standard value of the preheating device is greater than the standard threshold, it is determined that the heat load does not meet the standard; otherwise, preheating continues.

[0114] In this embodiment, the sensing device is a device used to monitor and measure various parameters during the roasting process in real time, including temperature, flow rate, pressure, humidity, etc.

[0115] In this embodiment, the raw data refers to real-time measurement data obtained from sensors of the roasting and preheating device without any processing or conversion.

[0116] In this embodiment, data cleaning is to remove duplicate data, process missing values ​​and outliers, etc. in data preprocessing.

[0117] In this embodiment, the standard unit refers to a unit system that complies with national laws and standards.

[0118] In this embodiment, standardization refers to converting original data into a unified standard format and unit so that it complies with certain regulations and specifications.

[0119] In this embodiment, the standard data is data that has been cleaned and standardized.

[0120] In this embodiment, the latent heat of evaporation refers to the amount of heat absorbed by a unit mass of a substance during the evaporation process.

[0121] In this embodiment, the initial volatile matter content refers to the proportion of substances in the coal gangue that can be volatilized during the roasting heating process.

[0122] In this embodiment, the preset heat for phase change refers to the heat required when certain substances in the coal gangue undergo phase change (such as solid to liquid, liquid to gas, etc.) during the heating process.

[0123] In this embodiment, the standard value of heat load refers to the standard heat load set for the preheating device under normal operation.

[0124] The working principle and beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows: by activating the preheating device and acquiring raw roasting parameter data, the heat load is calculated after standardization, ensuring that the heat load at each preheating moment meets the standard. If the heat load deviation exceeds a threshold, the preheating process is adjusted to ensure stable preheating of the gangue, improving processing accuracy and efficiency.

[0125] Example 7:

[0126] Based on the above embodiment 6, the adjustment module includes:

[0127] Control model unit: Based on the standard preheating values ​​of all roasting parameters and the preheating heat requirement of coal gangue as constraints, the control model is input based on the preset control parameters;

[0128] Adjustment unit: If the heat load is less than the heat load standard value, it indicates that the heating is insufficient; if the heat load is greater than the heat load standard value, it indicates that the heat output is excessive; the difference between the heat load and the heat load standard value of the preheating device is input into the control model, and a first control result is output;

[0129] Adjust the preset control parameters according to the fitting deviation between the constraint condition and the first control result, and iterate until the fitting deviation between the constraint condition and the control result approaches 0;

[0130] The control parameters are optimal control parameters. The temperature control parameters and airflow control parameters of the preheating device are obtained based on the optimal control parameters, and the equipment of the preheating device is adjusted.

[0131] In this embodiment, the constraint condition refers to a restrictive condition that must be satisfied during the operation of the preheating device.

[0132] In this embodiment, the preset control parameters refer to parameters that are preset when the control system starts to operate and are used to adjust the system state.

[0133] In this embodiment, the control model is a dynamic control algorithm model based on feedback and optimization.

[0134] In this embodiment, the first control result is a preliminary adjustment result based on the heat load difference.

[0135] In this embodiment, the fitting deviation refers to the difference between the model prediction result and the actual data.

[0136] In this embodiment, the optimal control parameters refer to the control parameters that enable the system to achieve optimal performance after adjustment and iteration.

[0137] In this embodiment, the temperature control parameter refers to a control variable used to adjust the internal temperature of the preheating device, for example, adjustment of the power of the temperature control device.

[0138] In this embodiment, the airflow control parameters refer to control variables used to adjust factors such as airflow rate, airflow direction, and airflow distribution in the preheating device, such as the adjustment of airflow temperature.

[0139] The working principle and beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows: A control model adjusts the heat load to a target value based on roasting parameters and preheating heat requirements. The optimal control solution is ultimately determined through iterative optimization of control parameters. Precise adjustments to temperature and airflow ensure efficient and stable operation of the preheating device, improving gangue preheating effectiveness and energy efficiency.

[0140] Example 8:

[0141] like Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a preheating method for gangue roasting, which is used to execute the preheating process of any of the control systems of the preheating device for gangue roasting, including:

[0142] Step 1: Obtain the characteristics of coal gangue and determine the preheating heat requirement;

[0143] Step 2: Select the type and parameters of the preheating device based on the preheating heat requirement, and install the preheating device;

[0144] Step 3: Based on the characteristics of the gangue and the purpose of the preheating device, formulate the roasting index of the gangue;

[0145] Step 4: Start the preheating device and determine whether the heat load meets the preset standard based on the roasting index;

[0146] Step 5: Adjust the control parameters of the preheating device according to the judgment result of the heat load of the preheating device.

[0147] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by analyzing the characteristics of coal gangue, rationally selecting preheating equipment and formulating roasting indicators, real-time monitoring of heat load and adjusting control parameters according to actual conditions, an efficient and energy-saving roasting preheating process can be achieved, the resource utilization effect of coal gangue can be improved, and energy consumption and environmental pollution can be reduced.

[0148] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control system for a preheating device for gangue roasting, characterized in that: include: Demand module: obtains the characteristics of coal gangue and determines the preheating heat requirement; the characteristics include chemical and physical characteristics; The demand module further includes: a preheating heat demand unit: based on the physical properties of the coal gangue, the particle size and thickness of the coal gangue are determined, and the preheating heat demand of the coal gangue is obtained in combination with the chemical properties of the coal gangue: ;in, Indicates the preheating heat requirement of coal gangue, represents the preheating mass flow rate, represents the specific heat capacity of coal gangue, Indicates the preset preheating temperature change, represents the activation energy of coal gangue, Indicates the preheating gas constant of coal gangue, which is related to the particle size and thickness of coal gangue. The preheating heat requirement of coal gangue is the basic roasting preheating heat requirement of the preheating device. Selection module: select the preheating device type and parameters based on the preheating heat requirement, and install the preheating device; Index module: formulates the roasting index of the gangue in combination with the characteristics of the gangue and the purpose of the preheating device; the index module includes: an index unit: generates a preheating process for roasting according to the characteristics of the gangue and the preheating heat requirement, and determines standard preheating values ​​for all roasting parameters in combination with the purpose of the preheating device; the roasting parameters and their standard preheating values ​​generate the roasting index of the gangue; Heat load module: starts the preheating device and determines whether the heat load meets the preset standard according to the roasting index; the heat load module includes: Start-up unit: according to the preheating process of roasting, start the preheating device and obtain the original data of roasting parameters based on the sensing equipment of the preheating device; Standardization unit: clean the original data of roasting parameters and then standardize them according to standard units to obtain the standard data of roasting parameters; Heat load unit: According to the standard data of roasting parameters, the roasting heat load at any preheating moment is obtained as follows: ;in, represents the heat load at time t, represents the mass flow rate of coal gangue, represents the specific heat capacity of coal gangue, represents the temperature change at time t, represents the initial moisture content of coal gangue, represents the latent heat of vaporization at time t, represents the initial volatile matter content of coal gangue, represents the mass flow rate of phase change material in coal gangue at time t, Indicates the preset heat of phase change of coal gangue; if the absolute value deviation between the heat load at any moment and the heat load standard value of the preheating device is greater than the standard threshold, it is determined that the heat load does not meet the standard; otherwise, preheating continues; Adjustment module: adjusts the control parameters of the preheating device according to the judgment result of the heat load of the preheating device.

2. A control system for a preheating device for gangue roasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The demand module includes: Chemical analysis unit: Use sample gangue as test material and obtain the chemical characteristics of gangue through chemical analysis method; Physical unit: The first physical properties of coal gangue are obtained by physical analysis method, and the physical properties of coal gangue are obtained by combining the standard parameters of coal gangue.

3. The control system for a preheating device for gangue roasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selection module includes: Type selection unit: Based on the preheating heat requirement and system design, a preheating cylinder is selected as the preheating device. The preheating cylinder uniformly heats the gangue through heating elements, and then monitors the temperature in the preheating cylinder to heat the gangue to complete the preheating. Installation configuration unit: Install the preheating device according to the preset standard installation parameters, and test the preheating device to check whether the performance parameters of the preheating device meet the standard requirements.

4. A control system for a preheating device for gangue roasting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment module includes: Control model unit: Based on the standard preheating values ​​of all roasting parameters and the preheating heat requirement of coal gangue as constraints, the control model is input based on the preset control parameters; Adjustment unit: If the heat load is less than the heat load standard value, it indicates that the heating is insufficient; if the heat load is greater than the heat load standard value, it indicates that the heat output is excessive; the difference between the heat load and the heat load standard value of the preheating device is input into the control model, and a first control result is output; According to the fitting deviation between the constraint conditions and the first control result, the preset control parameters are adjusted, and the process is repeated until the fitting deviation between the constraint conditions and the control result approaches 0. The control parameters at this time are the optimal control parameters. Based on the optimal control parameters, the temperature control parameters and airflow control parameters of the preheating device are obtained, and the equipment of the preheating device is adjusted.

5. A preheating method for coal gangue roasting, characterized in that: The preheating process of the control system for the preheating device for coal gangue roasting according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises: Step 1: Obtain the characteristics of the gangue and determine the preheating heat requirement; the characteristics include chemical characteristics and physical characteristics; based on the physical characteristics of the gangue, determine the particle size and thickness of the gangue, and combine the chemical characteristics of the gangue to obtain the preheating heat requirement of the gangue: ;in, Indicates the preheating heat requirement of coal gangue, represents the preheating mass flow rate, represents the specific heat capacity of coal gangue, Indicates the preset preheating temperature change, represents the activation energy of coal gangue, Indicates the preheating gas constant of coal gangue, which is related to the particle size and thickness of coal gangue. The preheating heat requirement of coal gangue is the basic roasting preheating heat requirement of the preheating device. Step 2: Select the type and parameters of the preheating device based on the preheating heat requirement, and install the preheating device; Step 3: Developing a roasting index for the gangue based on the characteristics of the gangue and the purpose of the preheating device; generating a preheating process for roasting based on the characteristics of the gangue and the preheating heat requirement, and determining standard preheating values ​​for all roasting parameters based on the purpose of the preheating device; generating the roasting index for the gangue based on the roasting parameters and their standard preheating values; Step 4: Start the preheating device and determine whether the heat load meets the preset standard based on the roasting index; according to the roasting preheating process, start the preheating device and obtain the raw data of the roasting parameters based on the sensor equipment of the preheating device; clean the raw data of the roasting parameters and then standardize them according to the standard unit to obtain the standard data of the roasting parameters; according to the standard data of the roasting parameters, the roasting heat load at any preheating moment is obtained as follows: ;in, represents the heat load at time t, represents the mass flow rate of coal gangue, represents the specific heat capacity of coal gangue, represents the temperature change at time t, represents the initial moisture content of coal gangue, represents the latent heat of vaporization at time t, represents the initial volatile matter content of coal gangue, represents the mass flow rate of phase change material in coal gangue at time t, Indicates the preset heat of phase change of coal gangue; if the absolute value deviation between the heat load at any moment and the heat load standard value of the preheating device is greater than the standard threshold, it is determined that the heat load does not meet the standard; otherwise, preheating continues; Step 5: Adjust the control parameters of the preheating device according to the judgment result of the heat load of the preheating device.

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