Method and system for evaluating damage of soft foundation construction to slab-pile bridge structure
By obtaining and analyzing the structural parameters of pile slab bridges, dividing and simulating the construction stage, evaluating and optimizing the construction parameters, the accuracy and real-time problems of traditional evaluation methods are solved, and the accuracy of evaluation and construction safety are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411239889.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-09-05
AI Technical Summary
Traditional soft foundation construction has problems such as low accuracy, insufficient comprehensiveness or difficulty in real-time monitoring of pile bridge structure damage assessment methods, and it is impossible to accurately grasp the specific damage caused to pile bridge structure during construction.
By obtaining the structural parameters of the pile bridge, dividing the construction stages, and simulation of construction parameters before each construction stage is carried out to determine the mechanical properties evolution laws of each structural component, evaluate the structural damage characteristics, and optimize the construction parameters based on these characteristics.
The accuracy, comprehensiveness and real-time evaluation of structural damage of pile slab bridges has been improved, and the structural damage to pile slab bridges has been reduced by soft foundation construction.
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Figure CN120087013A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of data processing, and particularly relates to a method and system for evaluating the damage of a pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction. Background Art
[0002] With the continuous advancement of infrastructure construction, the construction of pile-slab bridges on soft soil foundations is increasing. Soft soil foundations are characterized by high water content, large compressibility, and low bearing capacity. During construction, problems such as uneven settlement and soil displacement are likely to occur, which may cause various forms of damage to the pile-slab bridge structure.
[0003] Traditional evaluation methods may have limitations such as low accuracy, insufficient comprehensiveness, or difficulty in real-time monitoring, and cannot accurately grasp the specific damage conditions and their development and changes of the pile-slab bridge structure during soft foundation construction. As a result, the construction plan cannot be effectively adjusted in a timely manner, leading to immeasurable structural damage to the pile-slab bridge.
[0004] Therefore, in order to overcome the above defects, the present invention provides a method and system for evaluating the damage of a pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The present invention provides a method and system for evaluating the damage of a pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction. By obtaining the structural parameters of the pile-slab bridge, it is possible to divide the construction stages of the pile-slab bridge according to the structural parameters, which facilitates the simulation of construction parameters. Secondly, before each construction stage, the construction parameters are simulated based on the structural parameters, and the mechanical property evolution laws of each structural component in the pile-slab bridge are accurately and effectively evaluated according to the simulation results. Thus, it is convenient to evaluate the structural damage of the pile-slab bridge according to the mechanical property evolution laws. Finally, the structural damage characteristics of the pile-slab bridge are determined according to the mechanical property evolution laws and the material properties of each structural component, and an optimization scheme for the construction parameters is determined according to the structural damage characteristics. This facilitates the timely optimization of the construction parameters according to the optimization scheme, thereby reducing the structural damage of the pile-slab bridge caused by soft foundation construction. At the same time, the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and real-time performance of the evaluation of the structural damage of the pile-slab bridge are improved.
[0006] The present invention provides a method for evaluating the damage of a pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction, including:
[0007] Step 1: Obtain the structural parameters of the pile-slab bridge and divide the construction stages of the pile-slab bridge based on the structural parameters;
[0008] Step 2: Simulate the construction parameters before each construction stage based on the structural parameters, and determine the mechanical property evolution laws of each structural component in the pile-slab bridge based on the simulation results of the construction parameters;
[0009] Step 3: Determine the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage based on the mechanical property evolution law and the material properties of each structural component, determine the optimization plan for the construction parameters of each construction stage based on the structural damage characteristics, and optimize the construction parameters based on the optimization plan.
[0010] Preferably, for an evaluation method of the damage of a pile - slab bridge structure during soft - foundation construction, in step 1, obtain the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge, including:
[0011] Obtain the soft - foundation construction documents of the pile - slab bridge, perform content analysis on the soft - foundation construction documents, and extract the general design description and structural design details of the pile - slab bridge;
[0012] Perform text analysis on the general design description to obtain an overview of the structural characteristics and dimensions of the pile - slab bridge. At the same time, perform structural analysis on the structural design details to obtain the component structure composition of the pile - slab bridge;
[0013] Perform associated mapping on the structural characteristics, dimension overview, and component structure composition to obtain the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge.
[0014] Preferably, for an evaluation method of the damage of a pile - slab bridge structure during soft - foundation construction, in step 1, divide the construction stages of the pile - slab bridge based on the structural parameters, including:
[0015] Obtain the obtained structural parameters and the construction process of the pile - slab bridge, and analyze the construction process of the pile - slab bridge to obtain the construction links in the construction process of the pile - slab bridge;
[0016] Extract the construction standards corresponding to the construction links, and determine the connection points between the construction links and the construction objects corresponding to each construction link based on the construction standards;
[0017] Split the structural parameters based on the connection points and construction objects, and perform category mapping on the split results and the construction links to obtain the target construction content corresponding to each construction link;
[0018] Complete the division of the construction stages of the pile - slab bridge based on the target construction content.
[0019] Preferably, for an evaluation method of the damage of a pile - slab bridge structure during soft - foundation construction, in step 2, perform simulation of construction parameters before construction in each construction stage based on the structural parameters, and determine the mechanical property evolution law of each structural component in the pile - slab bridge based on the simulation results of the construction parameters, including:
[0020] Obtain the obtained structural parameters, and determine the component set and corresponding target dimensions corresponding to each construction stage based on the structural parameters and the construction stage division results;
[0021] Extract the pose features between different components in the component set, and determine the simulation scaling ratio of the component set for each construction stage based on the target size and pose features;
[0022] Obtain the construction plan for each construction stage, and parse the construction plan to obtain the corresponding construction time nodes and corresponding construction parameters for each construction stage;
[0023] Construct a simulation monitoring process, associate the simulation monitoring process with the construction stage nodes corresponding to each construction stage, and configure a prior time interval based on the association result;
[0024] Based on the configuration result, before the construction of each construction stage, simulate the construction process of the pile-bridge on the computer according to the simulation scaling ratio and construction parameters, and divide the construction process simulation into nodes;
[0025] Determine the status monitoring points for the construction process simulation result based on the node division result, and configure the background data for the status monitoring points based on the computer;
[0026] Dynamically monitor the construction status of each construction stage based on the background data configuration result, and determine the first stress distribution state and the first strain change characteristics of each structural component in each construction stage under the stage load based on the dynamic monitoring result;
[0027] Integrate the stage loads of different construction stages to obtain the second stress distribution state and the second strain change characteristics of each structural component in the pile-bridge;
[0028] At the same time, adjust the construction parameters by a single fixed value for the target number of times, and based on the single fixed value adjustment result, obtain the third stress distribution state and the third strain change characteristics of each structural component of the target number of groups under the stage load and the fourth stress distribution state and the fourth strain change characteristics of each structural component in the pile-bridge in real time;
[0029] Based on the first stress distribution state, the first strain change characteristics, the third stress distribution state and the third strain change characteristics, obtain a stage mechanical property evolution control group, and based on the second stress distribution state, the second strain change characteristics, the fourth stress distribution state and the fourth strain change characteristics, obtain a global mechanical property evolution control group;
[0030] Analyze the value states of the stage mechanical property evolution control group and the global mechanical property evolution control group respectively to obtain the stage mechanical property evolution law and the global mechanical property evolution law.
[0031] Preferably, an evaluation method for the damage of the pile-bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction, obtaining the stage mechanical property evolution law and the global mechanical property evolution law, includes:
[0032] Obtain the stage mechanical property evolution law and the global mechanical property evolution law, and determine the mapping relationship between the stage mechanical property evolution law, the global mechanical property evolution law and the construction parameters;
[0033] Construct a data cache library, and store the mapping relationship between the stage mechanical property evolution law, the global mechanical property evolution law and the construction parameters in the data cache library;
[0034] Based on the storage result, construct a soft foundation construction reference sample library, and configure the access rights for the soft foundation construction reference sample library.
[0035] Preferably, for an evaluation method of the damage of a pile - slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction, in step 3, determine the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage based on the mechanical property evolution law and the material properties of each structural component, including:
[0036] Obtain the mechanical property evolution law. At the same time, obtain the material properties of each structural component, and analyze the material properties to obtain the safe stress range of each structural component;
[0037] Obtain the basic parameters of the soft foundation, and determine the uneven settlement characteristics of the pile - slab bridge on the soft foundation based on the basic parameters;
[0038] Based on the influence weight of the uneven settlement characteristics on the stress distribution state and the strain change characteristics, correct the mechanical property evolution law, and compare the correction result with the safe stress range of each structural component;
[0039] Based on the result of the difference comparison, determine the vulnerable components and the corresponding damage parameters of each construction stage, and determine the failure type based on the damage parameters of the vulnerable components and the functional characteristics of the vulnerable components;
[0040] Obtain the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage based on the vulnerable components and the failure type.
[0041] Preferably, for an evaluation method of the damage of a pile - slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction, obtain the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage based on the vulnerable components and the failure type, including:
[0042] Obtain the obtained uneven settlement characteristics, and analyze the uneven settlement characteristics to obtain the unit settlement rate corresponding to the uneven settlement characteristics;
[0043] Map and correlate the unit settlement rate with the mechanical property evolution law to obtain the change amplitude of the mechanical property evolution law with the change of the unit settlement rate, and determine the sensitivity of the uneven settlement to the overall mechanical performance of the pile - slab bridge structure based on the change amplitude;
[0044] Based on the vulnerable components and damage types, the structural damage modes of the pile - slab bridge are obtained, and the structural damage modes are correlated with the sensitivity of the overall mechanical properties of the pile - slab bridge structure to uneven settlement, so as to obtain the correlation between uneven settlement and the structural damage modes of the pile - slab bridge during the construction stage;
[0045] The correlation is fed back to the management terminal for recording and storage.
[0046] Preferably, for an evaluation method of the damage of the pile - slab bridge structure caused by soft - foundation construction, in step 3, based on the structural damage characteristics, an optimization scheme for the construction parameters of each construction stage is determined, and the construction parameters are optimized based on the optimization scheme, including:
[0047] Obtain the obtained structural damage characteristics, and based on the structural damage characteristics, determine the optimization direction and optimization parameters of the construction parameters for each construction stage;
[0048] Based on the optimization direction and optimization parameters, obtain an optimization scheme for the construction parameters, and adjust the construction parameters based on the optimization scheme;
[0049] Re - inspect the construction parameters based on the adjustment results, and when the requirements of soft - foundation construction are met, complete the optimization of the construction parameters.
[0050] The present invention provides an evaluation system for the damage of the pile - slab bridge structure caused by soft - foundation construction, including:
[0051] A construction - stage division module, which is used to obtain the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge and divide the construction stages of the pile - slab bridge based on the structural parameters;
[0052] An analysis module, which is used to simulate and analyze the construction parameters before each construction stage based on the structural parameters, and determine the mechanical - property evolution law of each structural component in the pile - slab bridge based on the simulation results of the construction parameters;
[0053] An evaluation and optimization module, which is used to determine the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage based on the mechanical - property evolution law and the material properties of each structural component, and determine an optimization scheme for the construction parameters of each construction stage based on the structural damage characteristics, and optimize the construction parameters based on the optimization scheme.
[0054] Preferably, for an evaluation system of the damage of the pile - slab bridge structure caused by soft - foundation construction, the construction - stage division module includes:
[0055] An information - acquisition unit, which is used to obtain the soft - foundation construction documents of the pile - slab bridge, parse the content of the soft - foundation construction documents, and extract the general design description and structural design details of the pile - slab bridge;
[0056] A structural - parameter determination unit, which is used for:
[0057] Perform text parsing on the overall design description to obtain the structural characteristics and dimension overview of the pile - slab bridge. Meanwhile, perform structural analysis on the detailed structural design drawings to obtain the component structure composition of the pile - slab bridge;
[0058] Perform correlation mapping on the structural characteristics, dimension overview, and component structure composition to obtain the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge.
[0059] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0060] 1. By obtaining the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge, the construction stage division of the pile - slab bridge is realized according to the structural parameters, which provides convenience for the simulation of construction parameters. Secondly, perform simulation of construction parameters before each construction stage according to the structural parameters, and realize the accurate and effective evaluation of the mechanical property evolution law of each structural component in the pile - slab bridge according to the simulation results. Thus, it is convenient to evaluate the structural damage of the pile - slab bridge according to the mechanical property evolution law. Finally, determine the structural damage characteristics of the pile - slab bridge according to the mechanical property evolution law and the material properties of each structural component, and determine the optimization scheme of construction parameters according to the structural damage characteristics, which is convenient to optimize the construction parameters in a timely manner according to the optimization scheme. Thereby, the structural damage of the pile - slab bridge caused by soft - foundation construction is reduced, and at the same time, the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and real - time performance of the structural damage assessment of the pile - slab bridge are improved.
[0061] 2. By parsing the soft - foundation construction documents of the pile - slab bridge, the effective acquisition of the overall design description and detailed structural design drawings of the pile - slab bridge is realized. Secondly, parse the overall design description and detailed structural design drawings respectively, and perform correlation mapping on the parsing results to accurately and effectively determine the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge, providing data support for the simulation of the construction process of the pile - slab bridge, thereby improving the accuracy of the structural damage assessment of the pile - slab bridge by soft - foundation construction.
[0062] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and some of them will be obvious from the description or understood by implementing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained through the structure specifically pointed out in this application document.
[0063] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings
[0064] The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the description. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:
[0065] Figure 1It is a flowchart of a method for evaluating the damage of a pile - slab bridge structure during soft - foundation construction in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0066] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of step 1 in a method for evaluating the damage of a pile - slab bridge structure during soft - foundation construction in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0067] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of a system for evaluating the damage of a pile - slab bridge structure during soft - foundation construction in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners
[0068] The following is a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.
[0069] Embodiment 1:
[0070] This embodiment provides a method for evaluating the damage of a pile - slab bridge structure during soft - foundation construction. As Figure 1 shown, it includes:
[0071] Step 1: Obtain the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge, and divide the construction stages of the pile - slab bridge based on the structural parameters;
[0072] Step 2: Based on the structural parameters, conduct simulation of construction parameters before construction in each construction stage, and determine the mechanical property evolution law of each structural component in the pile - slab bridge based on the simulation results of the construction parameters;
[0073] Step 3: Determine the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage based on the mechanical property evolution law and the material properties of each structural component, determine the optimization scheme for the construction parameters of each construction stage based on the structural damage characteristics, and optimize the construction parameters based on the optimization scheme.
[0074] In this embodiment, the structural parameters refer to the shape, size of the pile - slab bridge, and the composition and positional relationship of each structural component in the pile - slab bridge, etc.
[0075] In this embodiment, the division of construction stages refers to the division of the construction objects of the pile - slab bridge, so as to facilitate the determination of the mechanical property evolution law of the pile - slab bridge under different construction stages. For example, the pile - slab bridge can be divided into the bridge - pile construction stage and the bridge - deck construction stage, etc.
[0076] In this embodiment, the simulation of construction parameters refers to the simulation of the pile - slab bridge structure and construction parameters in the current construction stage according to the structural parameters, so as to facilitate the determination of the stress change of the structural components during construction, and provide a reference for the evaluation of the pile - slab bridge structure damage.
[0077] In this embodiment, the construction parameters refer to the construction technology, construction process, and the connection conditions between various structural components, etc.
[0078] In this embodiment, the structural components refer to the components that make up the pile - slab bridge, including piles and the bridge deck, etc.
[0079] In this embodiment, the mechanical property evolution law refers to the stress distribution and the corresponding strain change conditions of each structural component during the construction process, etc.
[0080] In this embodiment, the material properties refer to the material types of each structural component, etc.
[0081] In this embodiment, the structural damage characteristics refer to the damaged components and the corresponding damage types that occur in the pile - slab bridge at each construction stage. For example, they can be connection components or support components, etc.
[0082] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above - mentioned technical solution are as follows: By obtaining the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge, the construction stages of the pile - slab bridge are divided according to the structural parameters, which provides convenience for the simulation of construction parameters. Secondly, before each construction stage, the construction parameters are simulated according to the structural parameters, and the mechanical property evolution law of each structural component in the pile - slab bridge is accurately and effectively evaluated according to the simulation results, so as to facilitate the evaluation of the structural damage of the pile - slab bridge according to the mechanical property evolution law. Finally, according to the mechanical property evolution law and the material properties of each structural component, the structural damage characteristics of the pile - slab bridge are determined, and the optimization scheme of the construction parameters is determined according to the structural damage characteristics, which facilitates the timely optimization of the construction parameters according to the optimization scheme, thereby reducing the structural damage of the soft - foundation construction to the pile - slab bridge. At the same time, the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and real - time performance of the structural damage assessment of the pile - slab bridge are improved.
[0083] Embodiment 2:
[0084] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for evaluating the structural damage of a pile - slab bridge caused by soft - foundation construction. As Figure 2 shown, in step 1, the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge are obtained, including:
[0085] Step 101: Obtain the soft - foundation construction documents of the pile - slab bridge, parse the content of the soft - foundation construction documents, and extract the general design description and structural design details of the pile - slab bridge;
[0086] Step 102: Parse the text of the general design description to obtain an overview of the structural characteristics and dimensions of the pile - slab bridge. At the same time, perform a structural analysis on the structural design details to obtain the component structure composition of the pile - slab bridge;
[0087] Step 103: Perform an associated mapping of the structural features, dimensional overview, and component structure composition to obtain the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge.
[0088] In this embodiment, the soft - foundation construction document refers to the specific requirement text for the construction of the pile - slab bridge on the soft foundation, including information such as the structure and location of the pile - slab bridge.
[0089] In this embodiment, the general design description refers to the component composition of the pile - slab bridge and the dimensional information of each component, etc.
[0090] In this embodiment, the structural features refer to the types of components included in the pile - slab bridge, the forms of each component, and the connection relationships, etc.
[0091] In this embodiment, the associated mapping refers to corresponding display of the dimensional overview of each component structure with the corresponding specific structure, so as to facilitate the determination of the structural parameters of each component structure in the pile - slab bridge.
[0092] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above - mentioned technical solution are as follows: By parsing the soft - foundation construction document of the pile - slab bridge, the general design description and the structural design details of the pile - slab bridge are effectively obtained. Secondly, the general design description and the structural design details are respectively parsed, and the parsing results are associated and mapped to accurately and effectively determine the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge, providing data support for the simulation of the construction process of the pile - slab bridge, thereby improving the accuracy of the assessment of the structural damage of the pile - slab bridge during soft - foundation construction.
[0093] Embodiment 3:
[0094] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for assessing the structural damage of a pile - slab bridge caused by soft - foundation construction. In step 1, the construction stage of the pile - slab bridge is divided based on the structural parameters, including:
[0095] Obtain the obtained structural parameters and the construction process of the pile - slab bridge, and parse the construction process of the pile - slab bridge to obtain the construction links in the construction process of the pile - slab bridge;
[0096] Extract the construction standards corresponding to the construction links, and determine the connection points between the construction links and the construction objects corresponding to each construction link based on the construction standards;
[0097] Split the structural parameters based on the connection points and construction objects, and perform category mapping of the split results with the construction links to obtain the target construction content corresponding to each construction link;
[0098] Complete the division of the construction stage of the pile - slab bridge based on the target construction content.
[0099] In this embodiment, the construction process of the pile-slab bridge is known in advance, which is used to characterize the construction sequence of structures such as bridge piles and bridge decks and the construction links included during the construction of the pile-slab bridge.
[0100] In this embodiment, the construction link refers to all the steps included in the construction process of the pile-slab bridge.
[0101] In this embodiment, the construction standard is known in advance, which is used to characterize the construction requirement information for each link. For example, it can be the diameter of the bridge pile, the connection position and connection method with other structures, etc.
[0102] In this embodiment, the construction object refers to the execution subject corresponding to each construction link. For example, it can be structures such as the bridge deck and bridge piles.
[0103] In this embodiment, the category mapping refers to matching the splitting result with each construction link in terms of the degree of subordination, so as to facilitate determining the construction content corresponding to different construction links. Among them, the target construction content is the construction content finally corresponding to each construction link.
[0104] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By analyzing the construction process of the pile-slab bridge, the construction links included in the construction process of the pile-slab bridge can be accurately and effectively determined. Secondly, the construction standards for each construction link are locked, and the construction objects for each construction link can be effectively determined according to the construction standards, providing reliable data support for the division of the construction stage. Finally, the structural parameters are split according to the construction objects, and the target construction content corresponding to each construction link can be accurately determined, improving the accurate division of the construction stage of the pile-slab bridge and facilitating the simulation and emulation of construction parameters.
[0105] Embodiment 4:
[0106] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides an evaluation method for the damage of the pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction. In step 2, construction parameter simulation and emulation are carried out before each construction stage based on the structural parameters, and the mechanical property evolution law of each structural component in the pile-slab bridge is determined based on the results of the construction parameter simulation and emulation, including:
[0107] Obtain the structural parameters, and determine the component set corresponding to each construction stage and the corresponding target size based on the structural parameters and the construction stage division result;
[0108] Extract the attitude characteristics between different components in the component set, and determine the simulation scaling ratio of the component set for each construction stage based on the target size and the attitude characteristics;
[0109] Obtain the construction plan for each construction stage, and analyze the construction plan to obtain the corresponding construction time nodes and corresponding construction parameters for each construction stage;
[0110] Construct a simulation monitoring process, associate the simulation monitoring process with the construction stage nodes corresponding to each construction stage, and configure a prior time interval based on the association result;
[0111] Based on the configuration result, before the construction of each construction stage, simulate the construction process of the pile bridge on the computer according to the simulation scaling ratio and construction parameters, and divide the construction process simulation into nodes;
[0112] Based on the node division result, determine the state monitoring points for the construction process simulation result, and configure the background data for the state monitoring points based on the computer;
[0113] Dynamically monitor the construction state of each construction stage based on the background data configuration result, and determine the first stress distribution state and the first strain change characteristics of each structural component in each construction stage under the stage load based on the dynamic monitoring result;
[0114] Integrate the stage loads of different construction stages to obtain the second stress distribution state and the second strain change characteristics of each structural component in the pile bridge;
[0115] At the same time, adjust the construction parameters by a single fixed value for the target number of times, and based on the single fixed value adjustment result, obtain the third stress distribution state and the third strain change characteristics of each structural component of the target number of groups under the stage load and the fourth stress distribution state and the fourth strain change characteristics of each structural component in the pile bridge in real time;
[0116] Based on the first stress distribution state, the first strain change characteristics, the third stress distribution state, and the third strain change characteristics, obtain a stage mechanical property evolution control group, and based on the second stress distribution state, the second strain change characteristics, the fourth stress distribution state, and the fourth strain change characteristics, obtain a global mechanical property evolution control group;
[0117] Analyze the value states of the stage mechanical property evolution control group and the global mechanical property evolution control group respectively to obtain the stage mechanical property evolution law and the global mechanical property evolution law.
[0118] In this embodiment, constructing a set refers to all components corresponding to each construction stage, such as bridge piles, bridge deck substrates, etc. Among them, the target size refers to information such as the length, width, and thickness of each construction in the constructed set.
[0119] In this embodiment, the attitude feature refers to the specific shape information presented by the appearance of each construction.
[0120] In this embodiment, the simulation scaling ratio refers to the proportional relationship between the constructed simulation model and the actual pile - slab bridge when simulating the pile - slab bridge, for example, the simulation can be carried out at a ratio of 1:10, etc.
[0121] In this embodiment, the construction plan refers to the specific construction plan corresponding to each construction stage, including the execution actions corresponding to each construction step, etc.
[0122] In this embodiment, the construction time node refers to the specific construction time information corresponding to each construction stage.
[0123] In this embodiment, the construction parameters refer to the specific information corresponding to each construction stage during the construction process, including the allowable construction time length, the connection positions and connection methods between each component during construction, etc.
[0124] In this embodiment, the construction stage node refers to the specific information corresponding to each construction stage.
[0125] In this embodiment, the prior time interval refers to the time period before the start of each construction stage. The purpose is to facilitate monitoring the process through simulation and performing corresponding monitoring operations in a timely manner following the progress of each construction stage. For example, the prior time interval can be 1 minute before the start of each construction stage.
[0126] In this embodiment, the node division refers to the division of the construction process simulation. The purpose is to effectively monitor the construction process of different construction stages, so as to facilitate the determination of the mechanical property evolution law of each structural component.
[0127] In this embodiment, the state monitoring point refers to the specific position information for monitoring the information of the construction process simulation results, so as to facilitate the determination of the interaction between each structural component of the pile - slab bridge under each construction stage.
[0128] In this embodiment, the background data configuration refers to the simulation monitoring of the state monitoring point, that is, simulating the deployment of monitoring equipment at the state monitoring point. The purpose is to effectively obtain the real - time situation of the corresponding position through the state monitoring point.
[0129] In this embodiment, the first stress distribution state refers to the stress distribution of each structural component under the action of the stage load in each construction stage, including the magnitude and action direction of the stress.
[0130] In this embodiment, the first strain change characteristic refers to the magnitude of the strain change value of each structural component under the action of the stage load in each construction stage.
[0131] In this embodiment, the comprehensive reference to the stage loads in different construction stages means the final stage load obtained after summarizing the construction results corresponding to different construction stages.
[0132] In this embodiment, the single fixed-value adjustment refers to the magnitude of each adjustment of the value of the construction parameter, and the value of each adjustment is fixed, where the target number is known in advance.
[0133] In this embodiment, the third stress distribution state and the third strain change characteristic refer to the stress magnitudes and strain change conditions corresponding to different values of the construction parameter after the construction parameter is adjusted, where the target number of groups has the same value as the target number.
[0134] In this embodiment, the fourth stress distribution state and the fourth strain change characteristic refer to the stress distribution and strain change conditions among the structural components obtained after summarizing the construction results of different construction stages after the construction parameter is adjusted.
[0135] In this embodiment, the stage mechanical property evolution control group refers to the mechanical property evolution law of each structural component corresponding to each construction stage obtained after analyzing the stress distribution state and strain change characteristic of each construction stage.
[0136] In this embodiment, the global mechanical property evolution control group refers to the mechanical property evolution law of each component in the overall pile-slab bridge obtained after summarizing the construction results of all construction stages.
[0137] In this embodiment, the analysis of the value states of the stage mechanical property evolution control group and the global mechanical property evolution control group respectively refers to the analysis of the value change trend and the relative change relationship.
[0138] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By means of the structural parameters and the results of the construction stage division, the combination and dimensional information of each construction stage are effectively determined, so as to effectively determine the simulation scaling ratio of each construction stage based on the combination and dimensional information. At the same time, the construction plan of each construction stage is analyzed to accurately and effectively determine the construction time nodes and construction parameters of each construction stage. Secondly, based on the obtained combination, dimensional information and construction parameters, a reliable construction process simulation of each construction stage is carried out, and the simulation monitoring process is configured through the construction time nodes to effectively determine the stress distribution state and strain change characteristics of each construction stage. Finally, the construction results of each construction stage are summarized and the construction parameters are adjusted multiple times to accurately and effectively obtain the analysis samples, and the stress distribution states and strain change characteristics in different situations are compared and analyzed to effectively determine the mechanical property evolution law of each structural component, so as to facilitate the evaluation of the structural damage of the pile-bridge based on the mechanical property evolution law, and improve the accuracy, comprehensiveness and real-time performance of the structural damage evaluation of the pile-bridge.
[0139] Embodiment 5:
[0140] Based on Embodiment 4, this embodiment provides a method for evaluating the damage of a pile-bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction, obtaining the stage mechanical property evolution law and the global mechanical property evolution law, including:
[0141] Obtain the obtained stage mechanical property evolution law and the global mechanical property evolution law, and determine the mapping relationship between the stage mechanical property evolution law and the global mechanical property evolution law and the construction parameters;
[0142] Construct a data cache library, and store the mapping relationship between the stage mechanical property evolution law and the global mechanical property evolution law and the construction parameters in the data cache library;
[0143] Based on the storage results, construct a soft foundation construction reference sample library and configure the access rights of the soft foundation construction reference sample library.
[0144] In this embodiment, the mapping relationship is used to represent the corresponding relationship between the stage mechanical property evolution law and the global mechanical property evolution law and the construction parameters.
[0145] In this embodiment, the data cache library is a spatial area for storing the mapping relationship between the stage mechanical property evolution law and the global mechanical property evolution law and the construction parameters.
[0146] In this embodiment, the reference sample library for soft foundation construction refers to the result obtained by storing the evolution law of stage mechanical properties, the evolution law of global mechanical properties, and the corresponding relationship with construction parameters, which can provide a reference basis during the construction of pile - slab bridges.
[0147] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above - mentioned technical solution are as follows: By determining the evolution law of stage mechanical properties, the evolution law of global mechanical properties, and the mapping relationship with construction parameters, and recording and storing the evolution law of stage mechanical properties, the evolution law of global mechanical properties, and the mapping relationship with construction parameters, an accurate and effective construction of the reference sample library for soft foundation construction is realized, providing a reliable reference basis for the construction of pile - slab bridges.
[0148] Embodiment 6:
[0149] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for evaluating the damage of pile - slab bridge structures caused by soft foundation construction. In step 3, based on the evolution law of mechanical properties and the material properties of each structural component, the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage are determined, including:
[0150] Obtain the evolution law of mechanical properties. At the same time, obtain the material properties of each structural component, and analyze the material properties to obtain the safe stress range of each structural component;
[0151] Obtain the basic parameters of the soft foundation, and based on the basic parameters, determine the uneven settlement characteristics of the pile - slab bridge on the soft foundation;
[0152] Based on the influence weight of the uneven settlement characteristics on the stress distribution state and strain change characteristics, correct the evolution law of mechanical properties, and compare the corrected result with the safe stress range of each structural component;
[0153] Based on the result of the difference comparison, determine the vulnerable components and the corresponding damage parameters of each construction stage, and determine the failure type based on the damage parameters of the vulnerable components and the functional characteristics of the vulnerable components;
[0154] Based on the vulnerable components and the failure type, obtain the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage.
[0155] In this embodiment, the safe stress range refers to the effective stress - bearing interval of each structural component determined after analyzing the material properties.
[0156] In this embodiment, the basic parameters refer to the softness of the soft foundation and the settlement speed, etc.
[0157] In this embodiment, the uneven settlement characteristics refer to the uneven settlement situation of the pile - slab bridge on the soft foundation, including different settlement speeds at different position points.
[0158] In this embodiment, the influence weight refers to the severity of the influence of the uneven settlement characteristics on the stress distribution state and strain change characteristics.
[0159] In this embodiment, the damage parameter refers to the specific damage degree of the vulnerable components during the construction process.
[0160] In this embodiment, the functional characteristic refers to the role played by the vulnerable components in the pile - slab bridge.
[0161] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above - mentioned technical solution are as follows: By analyzing the material properties of each structural component, the effective determination of the safe stress range of each structural component is realized. Secondly, by analyzing the basic parameters of the soft foundation, the effective determination of the uneven settlement characteristics of the pile - slab bridge on the soft foundation is realized, and the mechanical property evolution law is corrected according to the uneven settlement characteristics. At the same time, the difference between the correction result and the safe stress range of each structural component is compared to effectively determine the vulnerable components and the corresponding damage parameters at each construction stage. Finally, according to the damage parameters of the vulnerable components and the functional characteristics of the vulnerable components, the failure type is determined, and the structural damage characteristics at each construction stage are effectively determined, providing a reliable basis for the optimization of construction parameters.
[0162] Embodiment 7:
[0163] Based on Embodiment 6, this embodiment provides an evaluation method for the structural damage of a pile - slab bridge caused by soft - foundation construction. Based on the vulnerable components and the failure type, the structural damage characteristics at each construction stage are obtained, including:
[0164] Obtain the uneven settlement characteristics and analyze them to obtain the unit settlement rate corresponding to the uneven settlement characteristics.
[0165] Map - associate the unit settlement rate with the mechanical property evolution law to obtain the change amplitude of the mechanical property evolution law with respect to the unit settlement rate, and determine the sensitivity of the uneven settlement to the overall mechanical performance of the pile - slab bridge structure based on the change amplitude.
[0166] Based on the vulnerable components and the failure type, obtain the structural damage mode of the pile - slab bridge, and associate the structural damage mode with the sensitivity of the uneven settlement to the overall mechanical performance of the pile - slab bridge structure to obtain the correlation between the uneven settlement and the structural damage mode of the pile - slab bridge structure at the construction stage.
[0167] Feed back the correlation to the management terminal for recording and storage.
[0168] In this embodiment, the unit settlement rate refers to the specific degree of descent of the pile - slab bridge on the soft foundation per unit time.
[0169] In this embodiment, the mapping association means binding the unit settlement rate to the evolution law of mechanical properties.
[0170] In this embodiment, the structural damage mode refers to the vulnerable components that occur in the pile - slab bridge under different conditions and the corresponding failure types.
[0171] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above - mentioned technical solution are as follows: By analyzing the characteristics of uneven settlement, the unit settlement rate is accurately and effectively determined, and the unit settlement rate is associated with the evolution law of mechanical properties, so as to accurately and effectively determine the change amplitude of the evolution law of mechanical properties with the change of the unit settlement rate. Secondly, according to the change amplitude, the sensitivity of the uneven settlement to the overall mechanical properties of the pile - slab bridge structure is determined, and the structural damage mode of the pile - slab bridge is obtained based on the vulnerable components and failure types. The structural damage mode is associated with the sensitivity to effectively determine the correlation between the uneven settlement and the structural damage mode of the pile - slab bridge during the construction stage, so as to facilitate the effective optimization of construction parameters according to the obtained correlation, and reduce the structural damage of the pile - slab bridge caused by soft - foundation construction.
[0172] Embodiment 8:
[0173] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for evaluating the damage of a pile - slab bridge structure caused by soft - foundation construction. In step 3, an optimization plan for the construction parameters of each construction stage is determined based on the structural damage characteristics, and the construction parameters are optimized based on the optimization plan, including:
[0174] Obtain the obtained structural damage characteristics, and determine the optimization direction and optimization parameters of the construction parameters for each construction stage based on the structural damage characteristics;
[0175] Based on the optimization direction and optimization parameters, obtain an optimization plan for the construction parameters, and adjust the construction parameters based on the optimization plan;
[0176] Re - inspect the construction parameters based on the adjustment results, and when the requirements of soft - foundation construction are met, complete the optimization of the construction parameters.
[0177] In this embodiment, the optimization direction and optimization parameters refer to the specific parameter types for optimizing the construction parameters of each construction stage and the specific numerical values for adjusting the parameters of this type.
[0178] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above - mentioned technical solution are as follows: By the structural damage characteristics, the optimization direction and optimization parameters of the construction parameters of each construction stage are determined, and an optimization plan for the construction parameters is obtained based on the optimization direction and optimization parameters, so as to effectively adjust the construction parameters and ensure the construction safety of the pile - slab bridge.
[0179] Embodiment 9:
[0180] This embodiment provides an evaluation system for the damage of pile - slab bridges caused by soft - foundation construction, as Figure 3 shown, including:
[0181] A construction - stage division module, which is used to obtain the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge and divide the construction stages of the pile - slab bridge based on the structural parameters;
[0182] An analysis module, which is used to simulate and analyze the construction parameters before construction in each construction stage based on the structural parameters, and determine the mechanical - property evolution law of each structural component in the pile - slab bridge based on the results of the construction - parameter simulation;
[0183] An evaluation and optimization module, which is used to determine the structural - damage characteristics of each construction stage based on the mechanical - property evolution law and the material properties of each structural component, determine the optimization scheme for the construction parameters of each construction stage based on the structural - damage characteristics, and optimize the construction parameters based on the optimization scheme.
[0184] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above - mentioned technical solution are as follows: By obtaining the structural parameters of the pile - slab bridge, the construction stages of the pile - slab bridge are divided according to the structural parameters, which provides convenience for the simulation of construction parameters. Secondly, the construction parameters are simulated and analyzed before construction in each construction stage according to the structural parameters, and the mechanical - property evolution law of each structural component in the pile - slab bridge is accurately and effectively evaluated based on the results of the simulation, so as to facilitate the evaluation of the structural damage of the pile - slab bridge according to the mechanical - property evolution law. Finally, the structural - damage characteristics of the pile - slab bridge are determined according to the mechanical - property evolution law and the material properties of each structural component, and the optimization scheme for the construction parameters is determined according to the structural - damage characteristics, which facilitates the timely optimization of the construction parameters according to the optimization scheme, thereby reducing the structural damage of the pile - slab bridge caused by soft - foundation construction. At the same time, the accuracy, comprehensiveness and real - time performance of the evaluation of the structural damage of the pile - slab bridge are improved.
[0185] Embodiment 10:
[0186] Based on Embodiment 9, this embodiment provides an evaluation system for the damage of pile - slab bridges caused by soft - foundation construction. The construction - stage division module includes:
[0187] An information - acquisition unit, which is used to obtain the soft - foundation construction documents of the pile - slab bridge, parse the content of the soft - foundation construction documents, and extract the general design description and structural design details of the pile - slab bridge;
[0188] A structural - parameter determination unit, which is used to:
[0189] Parse the text of the general design description to obtain the structural characteristics and size overview of the pile - slab bridge. At the same time, perform structural analysis on the structural design details to obtain the component - structure composition of the pile - slab bridge;
[0190] Associate and map the structural features, dimension overview, and component structure composition to obtain the structural parameters of the pile-slab bridge.
[0191] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By parsing the soft foundation construction documents of the pile-slab bridge, the overall design description and structural design details of the pile-slab bridge can be effectively obtained. Secondly, the overall design description and structural design details are respectively parsed, and the parsing results are associated and mapped to accurately and effectively determine the structural parameters of the pile-slab bridge, providing data support for the simulation of the pile-slab bridge construction process, thereby improving the accuracy of the soft foundation construction damage assessment of the pile-slab bridge structure.
[0192] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these changes and modifications.
Claims
1. A method for evaluating the damage of pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Obtain the structural parameters of the pile-plank bridge and divide the construction stages of the pile-plank bridge based on the structural parameters; Step 2: Based on the structural parameters, construction parameter simulation is performed before construction of each construction stage, and the evolution law of the mechanical properties of each structural component in the pile-slab bridge is determined based on the construction parameter simulation results; Step 3: Determine the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage based on the evolution law of mechanical properties and the material properties of each structural component, and determine the optimization scheme for the construction parameters of each construction stage based on the structural damage characteristics, and optimize the construction parameters based on the optimization scheme.
2. The method for evaluating the damage of pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the structural parameters of the pile-slab bridge are obtained, including: Obtain the soft foundation construction documents of the pile-slab bridge, parse the contents of the soft foundation construction documents, and extract the overall design description and structural design details of the pile-slab bridge; The overall design description is analyzed to obtain the structural characteristics and size overview of the pile-plank bridge. At the same time, the structural design details are analyzed to obtain the component structure of the pile-plank bridge. The structural characteristics, dimensional overview and component structure are mapped in an associative manner to obtain the structural parameters of the pile-slab bridge.
3. The method for evaluating the damage of pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the construction phases of the pile-slab bridge are divided based on the structural parameters, including: The obtained structural parameters and the construction process of the pile-plank bridge are obtained, and the construction process of the pile-plank bridge is analyzed to obtain the construction links in the construction process of the pile-plank bridge; Extract the construction standards corresponding to the construction links, and determine the connection points between the construction links and the construction objects corresponding to the construction links based on the construction standards; The structural parameters are split based on the connection points and construction objects, and the split results are mapped to the construction links to obtain the target construction content corresponding to each construction link; The construction phases of the pile-slab bridge are divided based on the target construction content.
4. The method for evaluating the damage of pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 2, construction parameter simulation is performed before construction of each construction stage based on the structural parameters, and the evolution law of the mechanical properties of each structural component in the pile-slab bridge is determined based on the construction parameter simulation results, including: The obtained structural parameters are obtained, and based on the structural parameters and the construction stage division results, a component set and a corresponding target size corresponding to each construction stage are determined; Extract the posture features between different components in the component set, and determine the simulation scaling ratio of the component set applied at each construction stage based on the target size and posture features; Obtain the construction plan for each construction stage, and analyze the construction plan to obtain the construction time node and corresponding construction parameters for each construction stage; Construct a simulation monitoring process, associate the simulation monitoring process with the construction stage node corresponding to each construction stage, and configure a priori time intervals based on the association results; Based on the configuration results, the construction process of the pile-slab bridge is simulated in the computer according to the simulation scaling ratio and construction parameters before the construction of each construction stage, and the construction process simulation is divided into nodes; Determine the status monitoring points of the construction process simulation results based on the node division results, and configure the background data of the status monitoring points based on the computer; Based on the background data configuration results, the construction status of each construction stage is dynamically monitored, and the first stress distribution state and first strain change characteristics of each structural component under the stage load in each construction stage are determined based on the dynamic monitoring results; The stage load effects at different construction stages are integrated to obtain the second stress distribution state and second strain change characteristics of each structural component in the pile-slab bridge; At the same time, the construction parameters are adjusted for a single fixed value for a target number of times, and based on the single fixed value adjustment results, the third stress distribution state and third strain change characteristics of each structural component of the target number of groups under the corresponding construction parameters under the stage load, as well as the fourth stress distribution state and fourth strain change characteristics of each structural component in the pile-slab bridge are obtained in real time; A stage mechanical property evolution control group is obtained based on the first stress distribution state, the first strain change characteristic, the third stress distribution state, and the third strain change characteristic, and a global mechanical property evolution control group is obtained based on the second stress distribution state, the second strain change characteristic, the fourth stress distribution state, and the fourth strain change characteristic; The value states of the stage mechanical properties evolution control group and the global mechanical properties evolution control group were analyzed respectively, and the stage mechanical properties evolution law and the global mechanical properties evolution law were obtained.
5. The method for evaluating the damage of pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The evolution laws of stage mechanical properties and global mechanical properties are obtained, including: Obtain the evolution law of stage mechanical properties and the evolution law of global mechanical properties, and determine the mapping relationship between the evolution law of stage mechanical properties and the evolution law of global mechanical properties and the construction parameters; Construct a data cache library, and store the mapping relationship between the evolution law of stage mechanical properties and the evolution law of global mechanical properties and construction parameters in the data cache library; A soft foundation construction reference sample library is constructed based on the storage results, and permission opening configuration is performed on the soft foundation construction reference sample library.
6. The method for evaluating the damage of pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage are determined based on the evolution law of mechanical properties and the material properties of each structural component, including: Obtain the evolution law of the obtained mechanical properties, and at the same time, obtain the material properties of each structural component, and analyze the material properties to obtain the safe stress range of each structural component; Obtain the basic parameters of the soft foundation, and determine the uneven settlement characteristics of the pile-plank bridge on the soft foundation based on the basic parameters; Based on the influence weight of uneven settlement characteristics on stress distribution state and strain change characteristics, the evolution law of mechanical properties is corrected, and the correction results are compared with the safe stress range of each structural component. Determine the vulnerable components and corresponding damage parameters at each construction stage based on the difference comparison results, and determine the damage type based on the damage parameters of the vulnerable components and the functional characteristics of the vulnerable components; The structural damage characteristics of each construction stage are obtained based on vulnerable components and failure types.
7. The method for evaluating the damage of pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The structural damage characteristics of each construction stage are obtained based on vulnerable components and damage types, including: Obtaining the obtained uneven sedimentation characteristics, and analyzing the uneven sedimentation characteristics to obtain the unit sedimentation rate corresponding to the uneven sedimentation characteristics; The unit settlement rate is mapped and correlated with the evolution law of mechanical properties to obtain the change amplitude of the evolution law of mechanical properties with the unit settlement rate, and the sensitivity of uneven settlement to the overall mechanical performance of the pile-slab bridge structure is determined based on the change amplitude. The structural damage mode of the pile-slab bridge is obtained based on the vulnerable components and the damage type, and the structural damage mode is correlated with the sensitivity of the uneven settlement to the overall mechanical performance of the pile-slab bridge structure, and the correlation between the uneven settlement and the damage mode of the pile-slab bridge structure during the construction stage is obtained. The correlation is fed back to the management terminal for record storage.
8. The method for evaluating the damage of pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, an optimization scheme for construction parameters in each construction stage is determined based on the structural damage characteristics, and the construction parameters are optimized based on the optimization scheme, including: Obtain the structural damage characteristics, and determine the optimization direction and optimization parameters of the construction parameters in each construction stage based on the structural damage characteristics; Obtain an optimization scheme for construction parameters based on the optimization direction and optimization parameters, and adjust the construction parameters based on the optimization scheme; The construction parameters are rechecked based on the adjustment results, and when the soft foundation construction requirements are met, the construction parameters are optimized.
9. A system for evaluating the damage of pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction, characterized in that: include: A construction stage division module is used to obtain the structural parameters of the pile-slab bridge and divide the construction stages of the pile-slab bridge based on the structural parameters; The analysis module is used to simulate the construction parameters before each construction stage based on the structural parameters, and determine the evolution law of the mechanical properties of each structural component in the pile-slab bridge based on the simulation results of the construction parameters; The evaluation and optimization module is used to determine the structural damage characteristics of each construction stage based on the evolution law of mechanical properties and the material properties of each structural component, and to determine the optimization plan for the construction parameters of each construction stage based on the structural damage characteristics, and to optimize the construction parameters based on the optimization plan.
10. The system for evaluating the damage of pile-slab bridge structure caused by soft foundation construction according to claim 9, characterized in that: The construction phase is divided into modules, including: An information acquisition unit is used to obtain the soft foundation construction documents of the pile-slab bridge, parse the contents of the soft foundation construction documents, and extract the overall design description and structural design details of the pile-slab bridge; Structural parameter determination unit, used for: The overall design description is analyzed to obtain the structural characteristics and size overview of the pile-plank bridge. At the same time, the structural design details are analyzed to obtain the component structure of the pile-plank bridge. The structural characteristics, dimensional overview and component structure are mapped in an associative manner to obtain the structural parameters of the pile-slab bridge.
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