Grinding machine spindle mechanism capable of automatically adjusting concentricity

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic concentricity adjusting grinding machine spindle mechanism, and relates to the technical field of machine tool machining, the automatic concentricity adjusting grinding machine spindle mechanism comprises a spindle outer seat and a clamping air cylinder, the inner wall of the spindle outer seat is rotationally connected with a spindle through a front bearing set and a rear bearing set, and labyrinth type dustproof rings are arranged at the two ends of the spindle and the spindle outer seat and located on the front bearing set and the rear bearing set. One end of the spindle outer seat is connected with a spindle front cover, the other end of the spindle outer seat is connected with a spindle rear cover, the clamping air cylinder is installed on the spindle and located at one end of the spindle rear cover, and the concentricity adjusting unit is installed at the end, close to the spindle front cover, of the spindle and used for adjusting the center of a machined part and the rotating center of the spindle to be the same axis. The concentricity adjusting unit is additionally arranged at the front end of the spindle and can be matched with a visual system to achieve control over the collet holder, the position needed by a product can be rapidly adjusted to the rotating center of the spindle, the product is machined with the position as the circle center, and the problem that the machining concentricity of tiny parts is difficult to guarantee is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool processing, in particular to an automatic concentric grinding machine spindle mechanism. Background Art

[0002] The machine tool spindle is one of the important parts of the machine tool. It is responsible for driving the tool or workpiece to rotate. The spindle is usually composed of a motor, bearings, transmission devices and tool interfaces. According to different applications, it can be divided into grinder spindles, milling machine spindles, lathe spindles, drilling machine spindles, etc. Among them, grinders belong to precision machining and have high requirements for spindle accuracy. For example, the concentricity requirements for grinding the inner and outer holes of hollow cylindrical workpieces are high, which requires the spindle itself to have a high concentricity accuracy. At the same time, the parts have a high clamping accuracy, which is greatly affected by the operator's processing experience. For example, to ensure the concentricity of tiny parts (external diameter ≤ 0.5mm, concentricity ≤ 0.003mm), it is very difficult to operate and difficult to process. The main difficulties are as follows:

[0003] 1) Requires more manpower and time: Manual adjustment of the concentric spindle requires human participation, and the adjustment process is relatively cumbersome, requiring more time and effort.

[0004] 2) Limited adjustment accuracy: Manual adjustment is easily affected by human factors, and the adjustment accuracy may be limited, making it difficult to meet high-precision requirements.

[0005] 3) Not suitable for mass production: Manual adjustment of the concentric spindle requires adjustment one by one, which is suitable for small batch production or personalized customization, but inefficient in mass production.

[0006] 4) Dependence on workers’ skill level: Manual adjustment of the concentric spindle requires workers to have certain skills and experience, and has high requirements on workers’ skills. If the workers’ skill level is not enough, it may affect the adjustment results and product quality.

[0007] 5) Prone to misoperation: Manual adjustment of the concentric spindle is prone to misoperation, such as excessive or uneven adjustment, resulting in unstable product quality or failure to meet design requirements.

[0008] Therefore, the grinding of tiny parts (diameter ≤ 0.5mm) is difficult to process by using the existing spindle clamping products and manually adjusting the position by dialing. The concentricity is difficult to ensure and it is not suitable for mass production. Therefore, an automatic concentric grinder spindle mechanism is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and to propose an automatic concentricity adjustment grinder spindle mechanism.

[0010] The automatic concentric grinding machine spindle mechanism comprises a spindle outer seat and a clamping cylinder, the inner wall of the spindle outer seat is rotatably connected to the spindle through a front bearing group and a rear bearing group, both ends of the spindle and the spindle outer seat and located at the front bearing group and the rear bearing group are provided with labyrinth dust rings, one end of the spindle outer seat is connected to the spindle front cover, and the other end of the spindle outer seat is connected to the spindle rear cover, the clamping cylinder is installed on the spindle and located at one end of the spindle rear cover, and the spindle is installed with a concentric adjustment unit at one end close to the spindle front cover for adjusting the center of the processed part and the spindle rotation center to the same axis.

[0011] Preferably, the concentric adjustment unit includes a base and a collet seat, the base is installed on the main shaft and close to one end of the main shaft front cover, the base is provided with a dovetail groove and is slidably connected with an X-direction dovetail slider, the X-direction dovetail slider is provided with a dovetail groove and is slidably connected with a Y-direction dovetail slider, the collet seat is installed on the Y-direction dovetail slider, an X-direction adjustment motor is installed on the base, a screw is connected to the output shaft of the X-direction adjustment motor, the Y-direction adjustment motor is installed on the X-direction dovetail slider, and a screw is connected to the output shaft of the Y-direction adjustment motor, the two screws are respectively connected to the X-direction dovetail slider and the Y-direction dovetail slider by threads, and the ends of the X-direction dovetail slider and the Y-direction dovetail slider away from the screw are both connected with counterweights.

[0012] Preferably, the clamping cylinder includes a cylinder rear cover and a cylinder front cover, the main shaft is coaxially connected to a transmission wheel at one end close to the main shaft rear cover, the transmission wheel is coaxially connected to a connecting flange, the cylinder rear cover is connected to the connecting flange, the cylinder rear cover is connected to the cylinder front cover, a piston rod is arranged in an air cavity between the cylinder rear cover and the cylinder front cover, the outer end of the piston rod is connected to a tensioning adjustment ring by a thread, the tensioning adjustment ring is coaxially connected to a connecting ring, the main shaft and the piston rod are located on the same axis and are jointly provided with a rod groove, a pull rod is arranged in the rod groove, one end of the pull rod is connected to the connecting ring, the base, the X-direction dovetail slider and the Y-direction dovetail slider are jointly provided with a connecting groove connected to the collet seat, an inner positioning rod is arranged in the connecting groove, one end of the inner positioning rod is connected to the pull rod, a collet is arranged in the collet seat, and the other end of the inner positioning rod is connected to the collet.

[0013] Preferably, a valve distribution ring is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the cylinder front cover via a bearing, a cylinder valve distribution sleeve is arranged between the valve distribution slip ring and the cylinder front cover, the cylinder valve distribution sleeve is sealingly rotatably connected to the valve distribution slip ring, and a valve distribution end cover is arranged at one end of the valve distribution slip ring.

[0014] Preferably, the cylinder gas distribution sleeve is made of brass material.

[0015] Preferably, a waterproof cover is provided at the front end of the collet seat.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. The present invention is equipped with a concentricity adjustment unit at the front end of the spindle, which can cooperate with the visual system to realize the control of the collet seat, and can quickly adjust the required position of the product to the rotation center of the spindle, and process the product with this position as the center of the circle, thus solving the problem of difficulty in ensuring the concentricity of tiny parts processing.

[0018] 2. Compared with the spindle of the traditional joint, the present invention adopts an integrated structure of a front rotating spindle and a rear clamping cylinder, and adds a concentric adjustment unit, which has a compact structure and realizes a modular design of the overall structure of the spindle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the main shaft and the clamping cylinder part of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram at point A in the middle.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the concentric adjustment unit in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the concentric adjustment unit in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a front view of the concentric adjustment unit in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the entire grinding machine device in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the positions of the processed product and the spindle rotation center coordinates before concentric adjustment in the present invention.

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the coordinates of the processed product and the main shaft rotation center after concentric adjustment in the present invention.

[0028] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the processed product and the main shaft rotation center coordinates after processing in the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1 spindle outer seat, 2 clamping cylinder, 3 air distribution slip ring, 4 tension adjustment ring, 5 connecting ring, 6 pull rod, 7Y adjustment motor, 8 collet seat, 9X adjustment motor, 10 counterweight, 11 spindle, 12 spindle front cover, 13 labyrinth dust ring, 14 front bearing group, 15 rod groove, 16 rear bearing group, 17 spindle rear cover, 18 transmission wheel, 19 connecting flange, 20 cylinder rear cover, 21 piston rod, 22 cylinder front cover, 23 cylinder air distribution sliding sleeve, 24 air distribution end cover, 25 base, 26X dovetail slider, 27Y dovetail slider, 28 connecting groove, 29 inner positioning rod, 30 collet, 31 waterproof cover, 32 screw, 41 grinder spindle unit, 42 camera, 43 drive motor, 44 encoder, 45 transmission belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0031] Reference Figure 1-6 As shown, the automatic concentric grinding machine spindle mechanism includes a spindle outer seat 1 and a clamping cylinder 2. The inner wall of the spindle outer seat 1 is rotatably connected to the spindle 11 through a front bearing group 14 and a rear bearing group 16. The spindle 11 and both ends of the spindle outer seat 1 and the front bearing group 14 and the rear bearing group 16 are provided with labyrinth dust rings 13. One end of the spindle outer seat 1 is connected to a spindle front cover 12, and the other end of the spindle outer seat 1 is connected to a spindle rear cover 17. The clamping cylinder 2 is installed on the spindle 11 and is located at one end of the spindle rear cover 17. The spindle 11 is provided with a concentric unit at one end close to the spindle front cover 12 for adjusting the center of the machined part and the rotation center of the spindle 11 to the same axis.

[0032] In this embodiment, the concentric adjustment unit includes a base 25 and a collet seat 8, the base 25 is installed on the main shaft 11 and close to one end of the main shaft front cover 12, the base 25 is provided with a dovetail groove and is slidably connected with an X-direction dovetail slider 26, the X-direction dovetail slider 26 is provided with a dovetail groove and is slidably connected with a Y-direction dovetail slider 27, the collet seat 8 is installed on the Y-direction dovetail slider 27, an X-direction adjustment motor 9 is installed on the base 25, a screw 32 is connected to the output shaft of the X-direction adjustment motor 9, a Y-direction adjustment motor 7 is installed on the X-direction dovetail slider 26, and a screw 32 is connected to the output shaft of the Y-direction adjustment motor 7, the two screws 32 are respectively connected to the X-direction dovetail slider 26 and the Y-direction dovetail slider 27 by threads, and the ends of the X-direction dovetail slider 26 and the Y-direction dovetail slider 27 away from the screw 32 are both connected with a counterweight 10.

[0033] In this embodiment, the clamping cylinder 2 includes a cylinder rear cover 20 and a cylinder front cover 22, the end of the main shaft 11 close to the main shaft rear cover 17 is coaxially connected to a transmission wheel 18, and a connecting flange 19 is coaxially connected to the transmission wheel 18, the cylinder rear cover 20 is connected to the connecting flange 19, and the cylinder rear cover 20 is connected to the cylinder front cover 22, and a piston rod 21 is arranged in the air cavity between the cylinder rear cover 20 and the cylinder front cover 22, and the outer end of the piston rod 21 is connected to a tension adjustment ring 4 through a thread, and the tension adjustment ring 4 is coaxially connected There is a connecting ring 5, the main shaft 11 and the piston rod 21 are located on the same axis and are jointly provided with a rod groove 15, a pull rod 6 is arranged in the rod groove 15, one end of the pull rod 6 is connected to the connecting ring 5, the base 25, the X-direction dovetail slider 26 and the Y-direction dovetail slider 27 are jointly provided with a connecting groove 28 connected to the collet seat 8, an inner positioning rod 29 is arranged in the connecting groove 28, one end of the inner positioning rod 29 is connected to the pull rod 6, a collet 30 is arranged in the collet seat 8, and the other end of the inner positioning rod 29 is connected to the collet 30.

[0034] In this embodiment, a gas distribution slip ring 3 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the cylinder front cover 22 through a bearing, a cylinder gas distribution sleeve 23 is arranged between the gas distribution slip ring 3 and the cylinder front cover 22, the cylinder gas distribution sleeve 23 is sealingly and rotatably connected to the gas distribution slip ring 3, a gas distribution end cover 24 is arranged at one end of the gas distribution slip ring 3, the cylinder gas distribution sleeve 23 is made of brass material, the gas distribution slip ring 3 is fixed and connected with a gas distribution joint, the cylinder gas distribution sleeve 23 has an air groove along the circumference, and rotates relatively with the gas distribution slider 3 but keeps the air path unobstructed, and the air path then leads to the rod cavity and the rodless cavity of the clamping cylinder 2 through the internal hole, thereby realizing the synchronous rotation of the clamping cylinder 2 and the main shaft 11.

[0035] In this embodiment, a waterproof cover 31 is provided at the front end of the collet seat 8 .

[0036] The working process and principle of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] When in use, the entire grinding machine device is Figure 7 As shown, when the product needs to be subjected to external cylindrical grinding, the processed product is first placed in the collet 30, and then the clamping cylinder 2 is turned on to push the piston rod 21 out, push the tensioning adjustment ring 4 and the connecting ring 5, thereby pushing the pull rod 6 to tighten the collet 30 backward to clamp the processed product. By rotating the tensioning adjustment ring 4 to control the relative position of the connecting ring 5 and the piston rod 21, the clamping degree of the collet 30 can be adjusted.

[0038] In the concentric adjustment stage, the driving motor 43 drives the spindle 11 on the grinder spindle unit 41 to rotate through the transmission belt 45. When the spindle 11 rotates, the camera 42 collects images. The collected images are combined with the encoder 53 to obtain the rotation angle of the spindle 11. After analysis by the visual system, the rotation center of the spindle 11 is found, and then the concentric adjustment unit is controlled to adjust the inner hole of the product to the rotation center of the spindle 11. The specific steps are as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the visual system takes a photo to capture the XY coordinates of the small hole from the rotation center, and then the X-axis adjustment motor 9 and the Y-axis adjustment motor 7 rotate to drive the screw 37 to rotate, and the threads are used to control the movement of the X-axis dovetail slider 26 and the Y-axis dovetail slider 27 respectively, so that the collet seat 8 moves and the product moves (speed 0.001mm / s), and the inner hole is brought closer to the rotation center of the spindle 11. At this time, the camera 42 takes photos at a high speed (120 photos / s) to continuously detect the position of the inner hole of the product until the center of the inner hole coincides with the rotation center (error ≤0.002mm), completing the entire concentric adjustment process. The product after concentric adjustment is as follows Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the center of the inner hole has coincided with the rotation center. After the spindle 11 rotates stably, the product processing begins. Fig.10 As shown, if the inner hole needs to be ground, the center of the outer circle is adjusted to the rotation center of the spindle, and then the inner hole is ground to ensure the concentricity requirements.

[0039] Secondly, an automatic concentricity adjustment device is installed at the front end of the spindle. After adding a visual system, the automatic concentricity adjustment of the parts can be realized in conjunction with the vision. The required position can be adjusted to the center of rotation of the spindle, and the product can be processed with this position as the center of the circle. Especially for some micro parts, the traditional table-making method is difficult, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and requires a high level of processing experience. If the part is too small, the traditional method must be clamped once to complete the fine processing, and the process cannot be dispersed. It also has high requirements on the machine tool itself, solving the problem of difficult to ensure the concentricity of tiny parts processing.

[0040] It is known from common technical knowledge that the present invention can be implemented by other embodiments that do not deviate from its spirit or essential features. Therefore, the above disclosed embodiments are only illustrative in all respects and are not exclusive. All changes within the scope of the present invention or within the scope equivalent to the present invention are included in the present invention.

Claims

1. Automatic concentric grinding machine spindle mechanism, characterized by: The invention comprises a spindle outer seat (1) and a clamping cylinder (2); the inner wall of the spindle outer seat (1) is rotatably connected to a spindle (11) via a front bearing group (14) and a rear bearing group (16); both ends of the spindle (11) and the spindle outer seat (1) and located at the front bearing group (14) and the rear bearing group (16) are provided with labyrinth dust rings (13); one end of the spindle outer seat (1) is connected to a spindle front cover (12); the other end of the spindle outer seat (1) is connected to a spindle rear cover (17); the clamping cylinder (2) is mounted on the spindle (11) and located at one end of the spindle rear cover (17); and a concentric adjustment unit is mounted on one end of the spindle (11) close to the spindle front cover (12) for adjusting the center of a workpiece to be processed and the rotation center of the spindle (11) to the same axis.

2. The automatic concentric grinding machine spindle mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentric adjustment unit comprises a base (25) and a collet seat (8), wherein the base (25) is mounted on the spindle (11) and close to one end of the spindle front cover (12), the base (25) is provided with a dovetail groove and is slidably connected to an X-direction dovetail slider (26), the X-direction dovetail slider (26) is provided with a dovetail groove and is slidably connected to a Y-direction dovetail slider (27), the collet seat (8) is mounted on the Y-direction dovetail slider (27), and an X-direction adjustment motor (9) is mounted on the base (25). ), a screw (32) is connected to the output shaft of the X-axis adjustment motor (9), a Y-axis adjustment motor (7) is installed on the X-axis dovetail slider (26), a screw (32) is connected to the output shaft of the Y-axis adjustment motor (7), the two screws (32) are respectively connected to the X-axis dovetail slider (26) and the Y-axis dovetail slider (27) by threads, and the ends of the X-axis dovetail slider (26) and the Y-axis dovetail slider (27) away from the screw (32) are connected to a counterweight (10).

3. The automatic concentric grinding machine spindle mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping cylinder (2) comprises a cylinder rear cover (20) and a cylinder front cover (22); one end of the main shaft (11) close to the main shaft rear cover (17) is coaxially connected to a transmission wheel (18); a connecting flange (19) is coaxially connected to the transmission wheel (18); the cylinder rear cover (20) is connected to the connecting flange (19); the cylinder rear cover (20) is connected to the cylinder front cover (22); a piston rod (21) is arranged in the air cavity between the cylinder rear cover (20) and the cylinder front cover (22); the outer end of the piston rod (21) is connected to a tension adjustment ring (4) through a thread; the tension adjustment ring (4) is coaxially connected to a connecting ring (5 ), the main shaft (11) and the piston rod (21) are located on the same axis and are jointly provided with a rod groove (15), a pull rod (6) is arranged in the rod groove (15), one end of the pull rod (6) is connected to the connecting ring (5), the base (25), the X-axis dovetail slider (26) and the Y-axis dovetail slider (27) are jointly provided with a connecting groove (28) which is connected to the collet seat (8), an inner positioning rod (29) is arranged in the connecting groove (28), one end of the inner positioning rod (29) is connected to the pull rod (6), a collet (30) is arranged in the collet seat (8), and the other end of the inner positioning rod (29) is connected to the collet (30).

4. The automatic concentric grinding machine spindle mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: A valve distribution slip ring (3) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the cylinder front cover (22) via a bearing, a cylinder valve distribution sliding sleeve (23) is arranged between the valve distribution sliding ring (3) and the cylinder front cover (22), the cylinder valve distribution sliding sleeve (23) is sealingly rotatably connected to the valve distribution slip ring (3), and a valve distribution end cover (24) is arranged at one end of the valve distribution slip ring (3).

5. The automatic concentric grinding machine spindle mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cylinder gas distribution sleeve (23) is made of brass material.

6. The automatic concentric grinding machine spindle mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front end of the collet seat (8) is provided with a waterproof cover (31).

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