Tunnel and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnels, and particularly discloses a tunnel and a construction method thereof. The tunnel comprises a primary support layer, a primary protection layer, a waterproof layer and a secondary lining layer which are sequentially fixed from outside to inside. And the primary support layer is fixed on the tunnel soil wall. The initial protection layer comprises a plurality of pieces of strip-shaped spliced initial geotechnical cloth. Each piece of initial geotechnical cloth is provided with an initial left side part, an initial middle part and an initial right side part. The sum of the thicknesses of the initial left side part and the initial right side part is equal to the thickness of the initial middle part. The width of the initial left side portion is equal to that of the initial right side portion. And the initial right side part of one initial geotechnical cloth is aligned and lapped on the initial left side part of the other initial geotechnical cloth. Adjacent initial-stage geotextiles are in flush butt joint and are embedded with each other, no protrusions or splicing seams are generated, cement particles and the like are not leaked, the later-mounted waterproof layer is laid on the initial-stage protection layer, large-area strip-shaped wrinkles cannot be generated, and therefore the waterproof layer is not prone to breakage, long in service life and capable of keeping a good waterproof function for a long time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnels, and in particular to a tunnel and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] After the tunnel is excavated, wire mesh is usually laid on the tunnel soil wall and quick-setting concrete is sprayed, which is the initial support layer. The surface of the initial support layer is adjusted to be flat, and then the spliced ​​geotextile is laid on the initial support layer, and the geotextile is fixed to the initial support layer with screws. Then the spliced ​​waterproof board is covered on the geotextile, and the waterproof boards are fixed to each other by hot melt and fixed on the geotextile. Finally, the steel frame is installed inside the tunnel and concrete is poured to connect to the waterproof board. The reinforced concrete layer is the secondary lining layer. During the construction of the tunnel, the geotextile needs to isolate the uneven structure of the initial support layer and the sharp tip from crushing and scratching the waterproof board. The geotextile layer is made of multiple pieces of geotextiles. If they are flatly connected, the joints of adjacent geotextiles will leak concrete particles and easily scratch the waterproof board during long-term use. If adjacent geotextiles are overlapped, the overlapped parts will bulge, and the waterproof board is generally a plastic film with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm. The waterproof board covering the overlapped parts of the geotextile layers will produce large-area strip wrinkles. The pouring of the secondary lining layer will shape the wrinkles of the waterproof board. In the subsequent use process, the large-area strip wrinkles of the waterproof board are prone to cracking due to the thermal expansion and contraction of the secondary lining layer or due to the pressure of the soil layer, thereby losing its waterproof effect. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the fact that the joints of adjacent geotextiles when they are butt-jointed flush may leak concrete particles and easily scratch the waterproof board, or that the bulges at the overlapped joints of adjacent geotextiles may cause large-area strip wrinkles on the waterproof board, which are easy to rupture, the present application proposes a method of butt-jointing adjacent geotextiles flushly and interlockingly to solve this problem.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application proposes a tunnel and adopts the following technical solution.

[0005] A tunnel comprises an initial support layer, an initial protective layer, a waterproof layer and a secondary lining layer which are fixed in sequence from outside to inside.

[0006] The initial support layer is fixed on the tunnel soil wall. The initial protective layer includes a plurality of strip-shaped laterally spliced ​​initial geotextiles. Each of the initial geotextiles has an initial left side portion, an initial middle portion and an initial right side portion which are sequentially connected and are all strip-shaped. The sum of the thickness of the initial left side portion and the initial right side portion is equal to the thickness of the initial middle portion. The bottom surface of the initial left side portion is flush with the bottom surface of the initial middle portion. The top surface of the initial right side portion is flush with the top surface of the initial middle portion. The width of the initial left side portion is equal to the width of the initial right side portion. For each two adjacent initial geotextiles, the initial right side portion of one initial geotextile is aligned and overlapped on the initial left side portion of the other initial geotextile, and a fixing member is used to connect the overlapping initial right side portion and the initial left side portion in series and fix them to the initial support layer, and another fixing member is used to fix each initial middle portion to the initial support layer. Each of the fixing members is buried in the initial protective layer.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, adjacent initial geotextiles can be flush with each other and interlocked with each other without generating bulges or joints that leak cement particles, etc. The waterproof layer installed later will not generate large-area strip bulges and wrinkles on the initial protective layer, so the waterproof layer is not easy to break, has a long service life, and can maintain good waterproof function for a long time. The sum of the thickness of the initial left side and the initial right side is equal to the thickness of the initial middle part, and the thickness can be equal to a certain tolerance, such as the difference within 1mm. The width of the initial left side is equal to the width of the initial right side, and the width can be equal to a certain tolerance, such as the difference within 5cm.

[0008] A preferred solution of the tunnel is that the tunnel also includes a secondary protective layer. The secondary protective layer includes a plurality of strip-shaped laterally spliced ​​secondary geotextiles. Each of the secondary geotextiles has a secondary left side portion, a secondary middle portion and a secondary right side portion which are sequentially connected and are all strip-shaped. The sum of the thicknesses of the secondary left side portion and the secondary right side portion is equal to the thickness of the secondary middle portion. The bottom surface of the secondary left side portion is flush with the bottom surface of the secondary middle portion. The top surface of the secondary right side portion is flush with the top surface of the secondary middle portion. The width of the secondary left side portion is equal to the width of the secondary right side portion. In each of the two adjacent secondary geotextiles, the secondary right side portion of one of the secondary geotextiles is aligned and overlapped on the secondary left side portion of the other secondary geotextile. The secondary middle portion has a plurality of through holes. The waterproof layer is a thermoplastic material.

[0009] The waterproof layer is easily damaged by the concrete poured in the secondary lining layer and ruptured, and the process of installing the steel frame of the secondary lining layer also requires welding operations. Welding sparks can easily damage the waterproof board, which will reduce the waterproof effect of the waterproof board. The above scheme of installing a secondary protective layer between the waterproof layer and the secondary lining layer effectively protects the waterproof layer, making it less likely to be damaged during the construction of the secondary lining layer. During long-term use, the secondary protective layer can also buffer the pressure of the soil layer and make the waterproof layer less likely to rupture. The through hole in the middle of the secondary layer can allow hot air to pass through to melt the waterproof board, so that the secondary geotextile is fixed on the waterproof board.

[0010] A preferred solution for the tunnel is that the waterproof layer includes a plurality of strip-shaped waterproof boards spliced ​​laterally. Each of the waterproof boards has a waterproof left side portion, a waterproof middle portion and a waterproof right side portion which are sequentially connected and are all strip-shaped. The sum of the thicknesses of the waterproof left side portion and the waterproof right side portion is equal to the thickness of the waterproof middle portion. The bottom surface of the waterproof left side portion is flush with the bottom surface of the waterproof middle portion. The top surface of the waterproof right side portion is flush with the top surface of the waterproof middle portion. The width of the waterproof left side portion is equal to the width of the waterproof right side portion. In each of the two adjacent waterproof boards, the waterproof right side portion of one waterproof board is aligned and overlapped on the waterproof left side portion of the other waterproof board and fixed to each other seamlessly.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the waterproof boards of the waterproof layer are spliced ​​flush with each other and fixed to each other seamlessly, and are not prone to large-area strip wrinkles, so they are not prone to rupture and have a long service life.

[0012] A preferred solution of the tunnel is that the surface of the waterproof middle part also has a plurality of thermoplastic protruding nails. Each of the protruding nails includes a nail rod and a nail cap connected to each other. The nail rod is connected to the surface of the waterproof middle part, and the nail cap is located outside the surface of the waterproof middle part.

[0013] Each of the nail rods passes through one of the through holes. The diameter of the nail cap is larger than the diameter of the nail rod. The diameter of the nail rod is 1 to 1.5 times the diameter of the through hole. The length of the nail rod is 80 to 100% of the depth of the through hole.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the through-hole structure of the secondary geotextile can be put on the convex nails and relatively fixed, and the surface of the convex nails is melted by blowing hot air to the convex nails, so that the secondary geotextile is fixed on the convex nails.

[0015] A preferred solution of the tunnel is that the tunnel further includes two groups of drainage mechanisms, which are arranged on both sides of the tunnel. Each group of the drainage mechanisms includes a mesh tube, a plurality of fragments and a drainage pipe. On each side of the tunnel, the mesh tube is adjacent to the lower part of the initial protective layer and the waterproof layer. The mesh tube wraps the drainage pipe, and the water outlet end of the drainage pipe extends out of the mesh tube. The plurality of fragments are filled between the mesh tube and the drainage pipe. The body of the drainage pipe has a plurality of water leakage holes. The fragments are larger than the water leakage holes.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the water guided downward by the initial protective layer and the waterproof layer flows into the drainage pipe and is discharged from the tunnel. The drainage mechanism designed separately here will not introduce water discharged from the tunnel pavement, etc.

[0017] A preferred solution of the tunnel is that the tunnel also includes a water diversion layer. The water diversion layer is arranged outside the initial support layer. The water diversion layer includes a plurality of semi-annular tubes arranged along the tunnel circumferentially, and a plurality of parabolic tubes connected between each pair of adjacent semi-annular tubes, and also includes two drainage ditches arranged axially at the lower ends of both sides of the tunnel. The parabolic tubes are arranged on both sides of the middle high point of each pair of adjacent semi-annular tubes. The middle vertex of each parabolic tube is high, and gradually decreases to both sides and is connected to the parabolic tubes on both sides. Each of the semi-annular tubes and each of the parabolic tubes is provided with a plurality of seepage holes. Both ends of each of the semi-annular tubes are connected to the two drainage ditches on both sides.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, water in the soil layer can penetrate into the semi-annular pipe and the parabolic pipe and flow into the drainage ditch to be discharged from the tunnel, thereby reducing the immersion and damage effect of soil layer water on the initial support layer, the air outlet protection layer and the waterproof layer, and improving the tunnel's anti-water seepage performance.

[0019] A preferred solution of the tunnel is that the outer side of each of the semi-annular tubes and each of the parabolic tubes is wrapped with a water-permeable geotextile, and the geotextile covers each of the water seepage holes.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the geotextile prevents soil from falling into the semi-annular tube and the parabolic tube, maintaining the good water-conducting function of the semi-annular tube and the parabolic tube.

[0021] A preferred solution for the tunnel is that each of the semi-annular tubes and each of the parabolic tubes is a square tube, and each of the square tubes has a plurality of seepage holes on both side surfaces and the top surface, but no seepage holes on the bottom surface.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the semi-annular pipe and the parabolic pipe have good water collecting and water conducting functions.

[0023] On the second aspect, the present application also proposes a tunnel construction method and adopts the following technical solution.

[0024] A tunnel construction method, the construction method comprising: The initial support layer is constructed on the excavated tunnel soil wall.

[0025] The initial protective layer is laid on the initial supporting layer, wherein the installation method of adjacent initial geotextiles includes: the initial right side portion of one initial geotextile is aligned and overlapped on the initial left side portion of another initial geotextile, the initial right side portion and the initial left side portion overlapping each other are connected in series by fixing parts and fixed to the initial supporting layer, and each initial middle portion is fixed to the initial supporting layer by other fixing parts.

[0026] The waterproof layer is laid on the initial protective layer, wherein the installation method of the two adjacent waterproof boards includes aligning the waterproof right side portion of one waterproof board and overlapping the waterproof left side portion of the other waterproof board, and hot-melting the waterproof right side portion and the waterproof left side portion to fix them seamlessly to each other.

[0027] The secondary protective layer is laid on the waterproof layer, wherein the installation method of two adjacent secondary geotextiles includes aligning the secondary right side of one secondary geotextile and overlapping the secondary left side of another secondary geotextile. The waterproof board at the bottom of the through hole is hot-melted so that the secondary geotextile is attached and fixed to the waterproof board.

[0028] The secondary lining layer is constructed and attached and fixed on the secondary protective layer.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the initial protective layer is flat and has a good effect of isolating the initial support layer, which effectively protects the waterproof layer, so that the waterproof layer does not produce large-area strip wrinkles and is not easy to crack. The secondary protective layer isolates the destructive effect of the secondary lining layer on the waterproof layer, so that the waterproof layer is not easy to crack and maintains the waterproof effect for a long time.

[0030] On the third aspect, the present application also proposes another tunnel construction method and adopts the following technical solution.

[0031] A tunnel construction method, the construction method comprising: The initial support layer is constructed on the excavated tunnel soil wall.

[0032] The initial protective layer is laid on the initial supporting layer, wherein the installation method of adjacent initial geotextiles includes: the initial right side portion of one initial geotextile is aligned and overlapped on the initial left side portion of another initial geotextile, the initial right side portion and the initial left side portion overlapping each other are connected in series by fixing parts and fixed to the initial supporting layer, and each initial middle portion is fixed to the initial supporting layer by other fixing parts.

[0033] The waterproof layer is laid on the initial protective layer, wherein the installation method of the two adjacent waterproof boards includes aligning the waterproof right side of one waterproof board and overlapping the waterproof left side of the other waterproof board, and hot-melting and seamlessly fixing them to each other.

[0034] The secondary protective layer is laid on the waterproof layer, wherein the installation method of the two adjacent secondary geotextiles includes: the secondary right side of one secondary geotextile is aligned and overlapped on the secondary left side of the other secondary geotextile, the through holes of each secondary geotextile are aligned with the convex nails one by one, the secondary geotextile is stretched so that the through holes are enlarged and bypass the nail caps, and finally the peripheral walls of the through holes of the geotextile are tightly sleeved on the peripheral sides of the nail rods, and the convex nails are heated so that the secondary geotextile is fixed on the plurality of convex nails.

[0035] The secondary lining layer is constructed and attached and fixed on the secondary protective layer.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, the secondary protective layer is put on the convex nails of the waterproof layer and fixed to each other through hot-melt convex nails. The convex nails can also be embedded in the secondary lining layer, so that the position of the waterproof board is fixed, the structure is stable, and the waterproof effect is good.

[0037] In summary, the tunnel and construction method of the present application have the following beneficial effects: the initial geotextiles that can be interlocked are arranged, so that the surface of the initial geotextiles spliced ​​together is flat, and no splicing gaps are generated, and concrete particles are not allowed to leak through, which effectively protects the waterproof layer, and the waterproof layer does not produce large-area strip wrinkles and is not easy to break. A secondary protective layer is installed between the waterproof layer and the secondary lining layer to isolate the destructive effect of the secondary lining layer on the waterproof layer, further protecting the waterproof layer, so that it can maintain a good waterproof effect for a long time. The tunnel has a good waterproof effect and the inner wall is not easy to seep water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the end face of the tunnel of Example 1.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a composite diagram of the initial protective layer and some bottom structures in the tunnel of Example 1.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel according to Example 1.

[0041] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of adjacent initial geotextiles in a tunnel of Example 1 being spliced ​​together and penetrated by fixing parts.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of adjacent waterproof panels being spliced ​​together in a tunnel according to Example 1.

[0043] Figure 6 This is the end structure diagram of the tunnel of Example 2.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of adjacent secondary geotextiles being spliced ​​together in a tunnel according to Example 2.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of adding multiple thermoplastic protruding studs to the surfaces of the waterproof layers spliced ​​together in Example 3.

[0046] Fig. 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tunnel of Example 3.

[0047] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 Hide the structural diagram of the secondary lining layer.

[0048] Fig.11 for Fig.10 Diagram of the structure after hiding some secondary geotextiles and exposing the waterproofing sheet, and hiding the raised studs on other secondary geotextiles.

[0049] Fig.12 This is the end structure diagram of the tunnel of Example 4.

[0050] Fig.13 for Fig.12 Stereoscopic diagram.

[0051] Figure numerals: 1. initial supporting layer; 2. initial protective layer; 3. waterproof layer; 4. secondary lining layer; 21. initial geotextile; 5. fixing parts; 211. initial left side; 212. initial middle part; 213. initial right side; 31. waterproof board; 311. waterproof left side; 312. waterproof middle part; 313. waterproof right side; 6. drainage mechanism; 61. mesh tube; 62. drainage pipe; 7. secondary protective layer; 71. secondary geotextile; 711. secondary left side; 712. secondary middle part; 713. secondary right side; 7121. through hole; 32. convex nail; 321. nail rod; 322. nail cap; 8. water diversion layer; 81. semi-annular pipe; 82. parabolic pipe; 83. drainage ditch; 811. seepage hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The technical solutions in the embodiments will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the following embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. Embodiment 1

[0053] refer to Figure 1A tunnel comprises, from outside to inside, an initial support layer 1, an initial protection layer 2, a waterproof layer 3, and a secondary lining layer 4. The construction method and structure of the tunnel are as follows.

[0054] After the tunnel is excavated into an earthen passage, wire mesh is first laid on the side walls, top surface and bottom surface of the earthen passage, and then quick-setting concrete is sprayed to obtain the initial support layer 1. For uneven spraying, quick-setting concrete is continuously sprayed on the concave parts to make the surface of the initial support layer 1 relatively flat. The thickness of the initial support layer 1 can be about 10 cm. Then, the initial protective layer 2 is laid on the inner wall of the initial support layer 1, such as Figure 2 The initial protective layer 2 is formed by splicing multiple strip-shaped initial geotextiles 21 parallel to each other. Each initial geotextile 21 is laid in a semicircular shape along the circumference of the tunnel. Figure 3 The initial geotextiles 21 are fixed to each other and to the initial support layer 1 by fixing members 5. The fixing members 5 are nails.

[0055] like Figure 4 Specifically, the initial geotextile 21 has an initial left side portion 211, an initial middle portion 212 and an initial right side portion 213 which are sequentially connected and are all strip-shaped. The initial left side portion 211 and the initial right side portion 213 are centrally symmetrically located on both sides of the initial middle portion 212, including: the thickness of the initial left side portion 211 and the thickness of the initial right side portion 213 are equal, both are half of the initial middle portion 212; the width of the initial left side portion 211 and the width of the initial right side portion 213 are also equal; the bottom surface of the initial left side portion 211 is flush with the bottom surface of the initial middle portion 212; the top surface of the initial right side portion 213 is flush with the top surface of the initial middle portion 212. The above structure enables the initial right side portion 213 of one initial geotextile 21 to be aligned and overlapped on the initial left side portion 211 of the other initial geotextile 21 in each adjacent two initial geotextiles 21, and the overlapping portion is the splicing portion of the initial protective layer 2. By overlapping each other in this way, an initial protective layer 2 with a smooth joint is obtained, so that the surface of the waterproof layer 3 later laid on the initial protective layer 2 is smooth, and the waterproof layer 3 adheres to the joint of the initial protective layer 2 without producing large-area strip wrinkles, making the waterproof layer 3 not easy to break.

[0056] like Figure 4 After the initial geotextile 21 is laid, the initial right side portion 213 and the initial left side portion 211 that overlap each other are connected in series and nailed into the initial support layer 1, and the nails are used to pass through the initial middle portion 212 into the initial support layer 1. Each nail is shot into the depth of about half the thickness of the initial support layer 1, and each nail is buried in the initial geotextile 21, does not protrude from the inner surface of the initial geotextile 21, and thus will not lift up the waterproof layer 3 laid later.

[0057] like Figure 5The waterproof layer 3 is formed by aligning and splicing multiple strip-shaped waterproof boards 31 sideways. The material of the waterproof board 31 can be a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, a copolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and asphalt, or a thermoplastic such as polyethylene, which can be hot-melted and seamlessly spliced ​​to form a water-blocking barrier, and can also be adhered to the initial geotextile 21 after hot-melting, which is convenient for construction.

[0058] Each waterproof plate 31 comprises a waterproof left side portion 311 , a waterproof middle portion 312 and a waterproof right side portion 313 which are connected in sequence and are all strip-shaped.

[0059] The waterproof left side portion 311 and the waterproof right side portion 313 are symmetrically located on both sides of the waterproof middle portion 312, including: the thickness of the waterproof left side portion 311 is equal to the thickness of the waterproof right side portion 313, which is half of the waterproof middle portion 312; the width of the waterproof left side portion 311 is also equal to the width of the waterproof right side portion 313; the bottom surface of the waterproof left side portion 311 is flush with the bottom surface of the waterproof middle portion 312; the top surface of the waterproof right side portion 313 is flush with the top surface of the waterproof middle portion 312. The above structure enables the waterproof right side portion 313 of one waterproof board 31 to overlap the waterproof left side portion 311 of the other waterproof board 31 in each of the two adjacent waterproof boards 31, and the overlapping portion is the joint of the waterproof layer 3. By overlapping each other in this way, a waterproof layer 3 with a flat joint is obtained, and the surface of the waterproof layer 3 is flat without large-area wrinkles.

[0060] Then, the secondary lining layer 4 is laid inside the waterproof layer 3. The secondary lining layer 4 is made of reinforced concrete and has a wall thickness of about 50 cm. When laying the secondary lining layer 4, a steel frame is first set up and welded, then a formwork is set up, and then concrete is poured. The concrete directly contacts the waterproof layer 3, and the secondary lining layer 4 is obtained after drying and curing.

[0061] like Figure 1 The tunnel also includes two sets of drainage mechanisms 6, which are arranged on both sides of the tunnel. Each set of drainage mechanisms 6 includes a mesh tube 61, a drainage pipe 62 and a number of fragments. The mesh tube 61 can be a wire mesh. The fragments can be gravel. The body of the drainage pipe 62 is evenly provided with a plurality of leakage holes. The mesh tube 61 is wrapped outside the drainage pipe 62, but both ends of the drainage pipe 62 extend out of the mesh tube 61. All the fragments are filled in the mesh tube 61 and are located outside the drainage pipe 62. Each gravel is larger than the leakage hole, that is, the gravel cannot pass through the leakage hole. Due to the irregular shape of the gravel, the gravel will not block the leakage hole. The mesh tube 61 is arranged below both sides of the waterproof layer 3 and the initial protective layer 2. The water guided down by the waterproof layer 3 and the initial protective layer 2 leaks through the mesh tube 61 and the fragments, enters the drainage pipe 62 through the leakage hole, and finally discharges from the tunnel from the end of the drainage pipe 62.

[0062] The initial protective layer 2 of the tunnel and the adjacent initial geotextile 21 are smooth at the joints, so after the waterproof layer 3 is paved on the initial protective layer 2, no large-area strip wrinkles will be generated at the joints of the waterproof layer 3 relative to the initial geotextile 21. During long-term use, the waterproof layer 3 is not easily broken due to the pressure of the soil layer and the thermal expansion and contraction of the secondary lining layer 4, and the waterproof effectiveness is maintained for a long time. Embodiment 2

[0063] like Figure 6 , a tunnel, compared with the tunnel in embodiment 1, the only difference is that a secondary protective layer 7 is added between the waterproof layer 3 and the secondary lining layer 4 in the tunnel of this embodiment.

[0064] like Figure 7 The secondary protective layer 7 is a plurality of spliced ​​secondary geotextiles 71. Each secondary geotextile 71 is arranged on the inner surface of the waterproof layer 3 in an arched or approximately semicircular shape.

[0065] The secondary geotextile 71 has a secondary left side portion 711, a secondary middle portion 712 and a secondary right side portion 713 which are connected in sequence and are all strip-shaped. The secondary left side portion 711 and the secondary right side portion 713 are centrally symmetrically located on both sides of the secondary middle portion 712, including: the thickness of the secondary left side portion 711 and the thickness of the secondary right side portion 713 are equal, both are half of the secondary middle portion 712; the width of the secondary left side portion 711 and the width of the secondary right side portion 713 are also equal; the bottom surface of the secondary left side portion 711 is flush with the bottom surface of the secondary middle portion 712; the top surface of the secondary right side portion 713 is flush with the top surface of the secondary middle portion 712. The above structure enables the secondary right side portion 713 of one secondary geotextile 71 to be aligned and overlapped on the secondary left side portion 711 of the other secondary geotextile 71 in each of the two adjacent secondary geotextiles 71, and the overlapping portion is the splicing portion of the secondary protective layer 7. By overlapping each other in this way, a flat secondary protective layer 7 is obtained at the joint. The secondary protective layer 7 and the initial protective layer 2 sandwich the waterproof layer 3 and jointly protect the waterproof layer 3. The flat secondary protective layer 7 will not support large-area wrinkles of the waterproof layer 3, making it difficult for the waterproof layer 3 to break. The secondary protective layer 7 can also isolate the damage to the waterproof layer 3 caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the secondary lining layer 4, and isolate the damage to the waterproof layer 3 caused by the secondary lining layer 4 during the construction process.

[0066] like Figure 7 In order to facilitate construction, the secondary geotextile 71 needs to be fixed on the waterproof layer 3. In this embodiment, a plurality of through holes 7121 are opened in the secondary middle part 712 of the secondary geotextile 71. The through holes 7121 are aligned with the internal waterproof board 31. A hot air gun is used to blow hot air into the through holes 7121 to melt the waterproof board 31 and adhere it to the secondary geotextile 71. After cooling, the secondary geotextile 71 and the waterproof layer 3 are fixed to each other.

[0067] After the secondary protective layer 7 is constructed, the secondary lining layer 4 is finally constructed. Specifically, an arc-shaped steel bar frame is set up inside the secondary protective layer 7 and a formwork is laid. Then, concrete is poured on the inner surface of the secondary protective layer 7 to form the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0068] The tunnel has added a secondary protective layer 7 to isolate the destructive effects of the construction of the secondary lining layer 4 and thermal expansion and contraction on the waterproof layer 3, further protecting the waterproof layer 3, making it more difficult for water in the soil layer to penetrate into the secondary lining layer 4, making the secondary lining layer 4 structure stable and keeping the inner wall of the tunnel dry. Embodiment 3

[0069] like Figure 8 , a tunnel, compared with the tunnel of the second embodiment, the only difference is that the waterproof middle part 312 of the waterproof layer 3 of this embodiment has a plurality of thermoplastic convex nails 32 on the surface facing the secondary protective layer 7, and the convex nails 32 and the waterproof middle part 312 are made of the same material and are integrally formed, reference Figures 9-11 , each convex nail 32 passes through a through hole 7121 of the secondary geotextile 71 to fix the secondary geotextile 71 on the waterproof board 31. Specifically, each convex nail 32 includes a nail rod 321 and a nail cap 322. The nail rod 321 is vertically connected to the surface of the waterproof middle part 312, and the nail cap 322 is connected to the end of the nail rod 321 away from the waterproof middle part 312. The diameter of the nail cap 322 is greater than the diameter of the nail rod 321. Each nail rod 321 passes through a through hole 7121, and the nail cap 322 abuts on the inner surface of the secondary geotextile 71. The secondary geotextile 71 has a certain degree of elasticity. In order to complete the fastening effect of the convex nail 32 on the secondary geotextile 71, the diameter of the nail rod 321 should be equal to the diameter of the through hole 7121 or slightly larger than the diameter of the through hole 7121. The diameter of the nail rod 321 can be 1 to 1.5 times the diameter of the through hole 7121, for example, 1.2 times. The nail cap 322 should also be tightly against the inner surface of the secondary geotextile 71. Therefore, the length of the nail rod 321 should be equal to the depth of the through hole 7121 or slightly smaller than the depth of the through hole 7121. The length of the nail rod 321 can be 80-100% of the depth of the through hole 7121, for example, 90%.

[0070] The secondary geotextile 71 can be fixed to the surface of the waterproof board 31 by passing the convex nail 32 through the through hole 7121. In order to strengthen the fixing effect, the surface of the convex nail 32 can be heated and melted with a hot air gun to adhere to the secondary geotextile 71. After cooling, the fixation of the convex nail 32 and the secondary geotextile 71 is completed. Compared with the nail connection method, this hot melt method will not produce holes on the waterproof layer 3 and is not easy to seep water. Compared with the fixing method of coating viscose, this hot melt method has good weather resistance, water resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance, and is less likely to seep water. Embodiment 4

[0071] like Fig.12, a tunnel, compared with the tunnel of embodiment 1, the only difference is that the tunnel of this embodiment is additionally provided with a water diversion layer 8, and the water diversion layer 8 is located outside the initial supporting layer 1 and embedded in the soil layer of the tunnel top and side wall.

[0072] like Fig.13 The water diversion layer 8 includes a plurality of semi-annular tubes 81 arranged along the annular direction of the tunnel, a plurality of parabolic tubes 82 connected between each pair of adjacent semi-annular tubes 81, and two drainage ditches 83 arranged axially at the lower ends of both sides of the tunnel, and finally a plurality of geotextiles. A plurality of parabolic tubes 82 are arranged on both sides of the middle high point of each pair of adjacent semi-annular tubes 81, for example, five parabolic tubes 82 are arranged on each side. The middle vertex of each parabolic tube 82 is high, and gradually decreases to both sides and is connected to the parabolic tubes 82 on both sides. Each semi-annular tube 81 and each parabolic tube 82 are square tubes, which are more pressure-resistant. A plurality of seepage holes 811 are provided on both sides and the top surface of each semi-annular tube 81 and each parabolic tube 82, and no seepage holes 811 are provided on the bottom surface, so as to guide the water flow without seepage downward. The two ends of each semi-annular tube 81 are connected to the two drainage ditches 83 on both sides. The water in the soil layer seeps into the semi-circular tube 81 and then flows into the drainage ditch 83. The water in the soil layer also flows into the parabolic tube 82. Since the parabolic tube 82 is high in the middle and low on both sides, the water in the parabolic tube 82 flows along both sides to the semi-circular tubes 81 on both sides and flows into the drainage ditch 83. The outer side of each semi-circular tube 81 and each parabolic tube 82 is wrapped with geotextile to prevent soil and sand from entering the semi-circular tube 81 and the parabolic tube 82, so that the water diversion layer 8 maintains a good drainage function.

[0073] The construction method of the water diversion layer 8 is as follows: after excavating an earthen channel in the tunnel, an earthen trough matching the shape of the water diversion layer 8 is excavated on the side walls and top surface of the earthen channel, and the combination of the semi-annular tube 81 and the parabolic tube 82 wrapped with geotextile is embedded in the earthen trough, and the combination of the semi-annular tube 81 and the parabolic tube 82 is tied with wire or the like and inserted into the soil layer to be fixed, and then the initial support layer 1 and its subsequent layers are constructed, and the construction method of this layer is the same as that of Example 1.

[0074] After the tunnel of this embodiment is additionally provided with a water diversion layer 8, the water diversion layer 8 can divert a large amount of water in the soil layer and discharge it out of the tunnel, thereby reducing the immersion effect of water on the initial supporting layer 1 and other layers, making the tunnel more durable and less prone to water seepage. Embodiment 5

[0075] A tunnel, compared with the tunnel of the second embodiment, the only difference is that the tunnel of this embodiment is additionally provided with a water diversion layer 8, and the structure and construction method of the water diversion layer 8 of this embodiment are the same as those of the fourth embodiment.

[0076] After the tunnel of this embodiment is additionally provided with a water diversion layer 8, the water diversion layer 8 can divert a large amount of water in the soil layer and discharge it out of the tunnel, thereby reducing the immersion effect of water on the initial supporting layer 1 and other layers, making the tunnel more durable and less prone to water seepage. Embodiment 6

[0077] A tunnel, compared with the tunnel of the third embodiment, the only difference is that the tunnel of this embodiment is additionally provided with a water diversion layer 8, and the structure and construction method of the water diversion layer 8 of this embodiment are the same as those of the fourth embodiment.

[0078] After the tunnel of this embodiment is additionally provided with a water diversion layer 8, the water diversion layer 8 can divert a large amount of water in the soil layer and discharge it out of the tunnel, thereby reducing the immersion effect of water on the initial supporting layer 1 and other layers, making the tunnel more durable and less prone to water seepage.

[0079] Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunnel, characterized in that: It comprises an initial support layer (1), an initial protective layer (2), a waterproof layer (3) and a secondary lining layer (4) which are fixed in sequence from the outside to the inside; The initial support layer (1) is fixed on the tunnel soil wall; the initial protective layer (2) comprises a plurality of strip-shaped laterally spliced ​​initial geotextiles (21); each strip of the initial geotextile (21) comprises an initial left side portion (211), an initial middle portion (212) and an initial right side portion (213) which are sequentially connected and all in the shape of strips; the sum of the thicknesses of the initial left side portion (211) and the initial right side portion (213) is equal to the thickness of the initial middle portion (212); the bottom surface of the initial left side portion (211) is flush with the bottom surface of the initial middle portion (212); the top surface of the initial right side portion (213) is flush with the top surface of the initial middle portion (212); The width of the left side portion (211) is equal to the width of the initial right side portion (213); for each of the two adjacent initial geotextiles (21), the initial right side portion (213) of one initial geotextile (21) is aligned and overlapped on the initial left side portion (211) of the other initial geotextile (21), and a fixing member (5) is used to connect the overlapping initial right side portion (213) and the initial left side portion (211) in series and fix them to the initial support layer (1), and another fixing member (5) is used to fix each initial middle portion (212) to the initial support layer (1); each fixing member (5) is buried in the initial protective layer (2).

2. The tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel further comprises a secondary protective layer (7); the secondary protective layer (7) comprises a plurality of strip-shaped laterally spliced ​​secondary geotextiles (71); each strip of the secondary geotextile (71) comprises a secondary left side portion (711), a secondary middle portion (712) and a secondary right side portion (713) which are sequentially connected and all in the shape of strips; the sum of the thicknesses of the secondary left side portion (711) and the secondary right side portion (713) is equal to the thickness of the secondary middle portion (712); the bottom surface of the secondary left side portion (711) and the bottom surface of the secondary middle portion (712) are parallel to each other. The secondary right side (713) and the secondary middle side (712) are aligned; the top surface of the secondary right side (713) is flush with the top surface of the secondary middle side (712); the width of the secondary left side (711) is equal to the width of the secondary right side (713); in each of two adjacent secondary geotextiles (71), the secondary right side (713) of one secondary geotextile (71) is aligned and overlapped on the secondary left side (711) of the other secondary geotextile (71); the secondary middle side (712) has a plurality of through holes (7121); and the waterproof layer (3) is made of thermoplastic material.

3. The tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waterproof layer (3) comprises a plurality of strip-shaped waterproof boards (31) spliced ​​laterally; each of the waterproof boards (31) comprises a waterproof left side portion (311), a waterproof middle portion (312) and a waterproof right side portion (313) which are sequentially connected and all in strip shape; the sum of the thicknesses of the waterproof left side portion (311) and the waterproof right side portion (313) is equal to the thickness of the waterproof middle portion (312); the bottom surface of the waterproof left side portion (311) is flush with the bottom surface of the waterproof middle portion (312); the top surface of the waterproof right side portion (313) is flush with the top surface of the waterproof middle portion (312); the width of the waterproof left side portion (311) is equal to the width of the waterproof right side portion (313); in each of two adjacent waterproof boards (31), the waterproof right side portion (313) of one waterproof board (31) is aligned and overlapped on the waterproof left side portion (311) of the other waterproof board (31) and are seamlessly fixed to each other.

4. The tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the waterproof middle part (312) is also provided with a plurality of thermoplastic protruding nails (32); each of the protruding nails (32) comprises a nail rod (321) and a nail cap (322) connected to each other; the nail rod (321) is connected to the surface of the waterproof middle part (312), and the nail cap (322) is located outside the surface of the waterproof middle part (312); Each of the nail rods (321) passes through one of the through holes (7121); the diameter of the nail cap (322) is greater than the diameter of the nail rod (321); the diameter of the nail rod (321) is 1 to 1.5 times the diameter of the through hole (7121); and the length of the nail rod (321) is 80 to 100% of the depth of the through hole (7121).

5. The tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel further comprises two groups of drainage mechanisms (6) arranged on both sides of the tunnel; each group of the drainage mechanisms (6) comprises a mesh tube (61), a plurality of fragments and a drainage pipe (62); on each side of the tunnel, the mesh tube (61) is adjacent to the lower part of the initial protective layer (2) and the waterproof layer (3); the mesh tube (61) wraps the drainage pipe (62), and the water outlet end of the drainage pipe (62) extends out of the mesh tube (61); the plurality of fragments are filled between the mesh tube (61) and the drainage pipe (62); the pipe body of the drainage pipe (62) has a plurality of water leakage holes; and the fragments are larger than the water leakage holes.

6. The tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel further comprises a water diversion layer (8); the water diversion layer (8) is arranged outside the initial support layer (1); the water diversion layer (8) comprises a plurality of semi-annular tubes (81) arranged in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and a plurality of parabolic tubes (82) connected between each pair of adjacent semi-annular tubes (81), and also comprises two drainage ditches (83) arranged axially at the lower ends of both sides of the tunnel; the parabolic tubes (82) are arranged on both sides of the middle high point of each pair of adjacent semi-annular tubes (81); the middle vertex of each parabolic tube (82) is high and gradually decreases towards both sides to connect to the parabolic tubes (82) on both sides; each semi-annular tube (81) and each parabolic tube (82) are provided with a plurality of seepage holes (811); and both ends of each semi-annular tube (81) are connected to the two drainage ditches (83) on both sides.

7. The tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that The outer side of each of the semi-annular tubes (81) and each of the parabolic tubes (82) is wrapped with a water-permeable geotextile, and the geotextile covers each of the water seepage holes (811).

8. The tunnel according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: Each of the semi-annular tubes (81) and each of the parabolic tubes (82) is a square tube, and each of the square tubes has a plurality of water seepage holes (811) disposed on both side surfaces and the top surface, but no water seepage holes (811) disposed on the bottom surface.

9. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The construction method comprises: Constructing the initial support layer (1) on the excavated tunnel soil wall; The initial protective layer (2) is laid on the initial supporting layer (1), wherein the adjacent initial geotextiles (21) are installed in a manner that an initial right side portion (213) of one initial geotextile (21) is aligned and overlapped on an initial left side portion (211) of another initial geotextile (21), the initial right side portion (213) and the initial left side portion (211) overlapping each other are connected in series by a fixing member (5) and fixed to the initial supporting layer (1), and each initial middle portion (212) is fixed to the initial supporting layer (1) by another fixing member (5); The waterproof layer (3) is laid on the initial protective layer (2), wherein the installation method of the two adjacent waterproof boards (31) includes aligning the waterproof right side portion (313) of one waterproof board (31) and overlapping the waterproof left side portion (311) of the other waterproof board (31), and hot-melting the waterproof right side portion (313) and the waterproof left side portion (311) to be seamlessly fixed to each other; The secondary protective layer (7) is laid on the waterproof layer (3), wherein the installation method of the two adjacent secondary geotextiles (71) includes: the secondary right side portion (713) of one secondary geotextile (71) is aligned and overlapped on the secondary left side portion (711) of the other secondary geotextile (71); the waterproof board (31) at the bottom of the through hole (7121) is hot-melted so that the secondary geotextile (71) is attached and fixed to the waterproof board (31); The secondary lining layer (4) is constructed, and the secondary lining layer (4) is attached and fixed on the secondary protective layer (7).

10. A tunnel construction method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The construction method comprises: Constructing the initial support layer (1) on the excavated tunnel soil wall; The initial protective layer (2) is laid on the initial supporting layer (1), wherein the adjacent initial geotextiles (21) are installed in a manner that an initial right side portion (213) of one initial geotextile (21) is aligned and overlapped on an initial left side portion (211) of another initial geotextile (21), the initial right side portion (213) and the initial left side portion (211) overlapping each other are connected in series by a fixing member (5) and fixed to the initial supporting layer (1), and each initial middle portion (212) is fixed to the initial supporting layer (1) by another fixing member (5); The waterproof layer (3) is laid on the initial protective layer (2), wherein the installation method of the two adjacent waterproof boards (31) includes aligning the waterproof right side portion (313) of one waterproof board (31) and overlapping the waterproof left side portion (311) of the other waterproof board (31), and seamlessly fixing them to each other by hot melting; The secondary protective layer (7) is laid on the waterproof layer (3), wherein the installation method of the two adjacent secondary geotextiles (71) includes: aligning the secondary right side (713) of one secondary geotextile (71) and overlapping the secondary left side (711) of the other secondary geotextile (71), aligning the through holes (7121) of each secondary geotextile (71) with the protruding nails (32) one by one, stretching the secondary geotextile (71) so that the through holes (7121) are enlarged and bypass the nail caps (322), and finally making the peripheral walls of the through holes (7121) of the geotextile tightly fit around the peripheral sides of the nail rods (321), and heating the protruding nails (32) so that the secondary geotextile (71) is fixed on the plurality of protruding nails (32); The secondary lining layer (4) is constructed, and the secondary lining layer (4) is attached and fixed on the secondary protective layer (7).

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